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• Frontmatter
• Contents
• Preface and Acknowledgments
• Maps
• 1. What We Stand On
• 2. In Darwin's Footsteps
• 3. What's in a Name?
• 4. The Many Worlds at World's End
• 5. Making a Natural Laboratory
• 6. Restoring Evolution
• 7. Laboratory Life
• 8. All the Way Down
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Index

An insightful exploration of the iconic Galápagos tortoises, and how their fate is inextricably linked to our own in a rapidly changing world   The Galápagos archipelago is often viewed as a last foothold of pristine nature. For sixty years, conservationists have worked to restore this evolutionary Eden after centuries of exploitation at the hands of pirates, whalers, and island settlers. This book tells the story of the islands' namesakes-the giant tortoises-as coveted food sources, objects of natural history, and famous icons of conservation and tourism. By doing so, it brings into stark relief the paradoxical, and impossible, goal of conserving species by trying to restore a past state of prehistoric evolution. The tortoises, Elizabeth Hennessy demonstrates, are not prehistoric, but rather microcosms whose stories show how deeply human and nonhuman life are entangled. In a world where evolution is thoroughly shaped by global history, Hennessy puts forward a vision for conservation based on reckoning with the past, rather than trying to erase it

• 1. Molecular Structures and Functions of Collagen 2. Energetics and Thermodynamics of Collagen Self-Assembly 3. X-ray Diffraction as a Tool for Studying Collagen Structure 4. Collagen Fibrillogenesis 5. Collagen Types 6. Cross-Linking of Collagen 7. Interactions Between Structural Glycoproteins and Collagen 8. Biochemistry and Physiology of Mammalian Collagenases 9. Molecular Anatomy of the Vertebrate Eye 10. Cartilage Collagens 11. Collagens in the Nervous Tissue 12. Collagens in Heart Valves 13. Collagens of Normal and Diseased Blood Vessel Wall

This series was conceived with the idea of integrating current aspects of ongoing research in the collagen field. The book consists of a spectrum of papers which discus divers aspects such as X-ray structure, the thermodynamics and mechanism of fibrillogenesis, and the use of collagen as a biomaterial for the manufacturing of many implantable, sometimes lifesaving, devises.
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• Contributors. General Preface. Preface. Dedication. Contents of Other Volumes. Feeding Biology of Gastropods, A.J. Kohn. Feeding and Digestion in Bivalvia, B. Morton. Feeding and Digestion in Cephalopods, E. Boucaud-Camou and R. Boucher-Rodoni. Circulatory Systems of Gastropods and Bivalves, H.D. Jones. Circulation in Cephalopods, M.J. Wells. Ionic Regulation and Water Balance, R.F. Burton. Excretion, A.W. Martin. Molluscan Immunobiology, C.J. Bayne. Index.
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The Mollusca, Volume 5: Physiology, Part 2 focuses on the biochemistry and physiology of mollusks. The selection first elaborates on the feeding biology of gastropods and feeding and digestion in Bivalvia and cephalopods. Discussions focus on feeding, digestion, feeding and digestive rhythms, feeding behavior, ontogeny of gastropod feeding biology, and feeding mechanisms. The text then examines the circulatory systems of gastropods and bivalves and circulation in cephalopods, including blood vessels and extracellular space, chemical control of the circulation, fluid mechanics of the circulation, and nature and anatomy of the circulatory system. The text takes a look at ionic regulation and water balance, excretion, and molluscan immunobiology. Topics include internal defenses of gastropods, bivalves, cephalopods, and Polyplacophorans, Monoplacophora, Cephalopoda, and Scaphopoda. The selection is a vital reference for researchers interested in the biochemistry and physiology of mollusks.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• Part I. Introduction: 1. The scope of insect ecology
• Part II. Behavioral Ecology: 2. Behavior, mating systems, and sexual selection
• 3. Social insects: the evolution and ecological consequences of sociality
• Part III. Species Interactions: 4. Plant and herbivore interactions
• 5. Lateral interactions: competition, amensalism, and facilitation
• 6. Mutualisms
• 7. Prey and predator interactions
• 8. Host and parasite interactions
• Part IV. Population Ecology: 9. Demography, population growth and life tables
• 10. Life histories
• 11. Population dynamics
• Part V. Food Webs and Communities: 12. Community structure
• 13. Multi-trophic interactions
• Part VI. Broad Patterns in Nature: 14. Biological diversity
• 15. Planet Earth: patterns and processes
• Glossary
• References
• Taxonomic index
• Author index
• Subject index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Combining breadth of coverage with detail, this logical and cohesive introduction to insect ecology couples concepts with a broad range of examples and practical applications. It explores cutting-edge topics in the field, drawing on and highlighting the links between theory and the latest empirical studies. The sections are structured around a series of key topics, including behavioral ecology; species interactions; population ecology; food webs, communities and ecosystems; and broad patterns in nature. Chapters progress logically from the small scale to the large; from individual species through to species interactions, populations and communities. Application sections at the end of each chapter outline the practicality of ecological concepts and show how ecological information and concepts can be useful in agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Each chapter ends with a summary, providing a brief recap, followed by a set of questions and discussion topics designed to encourage independent and creative thinking.
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• What is a vertebrate?
• Vertebrates in context
• What makes a vertebrate?
• Breaking branches
• Shaking the tree
• Embranchements and transformation
• Evolution and ancestors
• Embryology and phylogeny
• From embryos to desperation
• Genes and phylogeny
• Hox and homology
• A brief history of homeosis
• The Geoffroy inversion
• The phylotypic stage
• The meaning of homology
• What is a deuterostome?
• Echinoderms
• Hemichordates
• Amphioxus
• Tunicates
• Vertebrates
• Some non-deuterostomes
• Vertebrates from the outside, in
• The organizer
• The notochord
• Somitogenesis
• Segmentation and the head problem
• The nervous system
• Neural crest and cranial placodes
• The skeleton
• How many sides has a chicken?
• The enteric nervous system
• The blood and the heart
• The urogenital system
• The gut and its appendages
• Immunity
• The pituitary gland
• Some fossil forms
• Fossils in an evolutionary context
• Meiofaunal beginnings
• Cambroernids
• Vetulicystids
• Vetulicolians
• Yunnanozoans
• Pikaia
• Cathaymyrus
• The earliest fossil vertebrates
• Conodonts
• Ostracoderms and placoderms
• Breaking branches, building bridges
• Defining the deuterostomes
• Ambulacraria
• Echinoderms
• Hemichordates
• Chordates
• Amphioxus
• The common ancestry of tunicates and vertebrates
• Tunicates
• Vertebrates
• Cyclostomes
• Gnathostomes
• The evolution of the face
• Crossing the bridge
• Conclusions.

Our understanding of vertebrate origins and the backbone of human history evolves with each new fossil find and DNA map. Many species have now had their genomes sequenced, and molecular techniques allow genetic inspection of even non-model organisms. But as longtime Nature editor Henry Gee argues in Across the Bridge, despite these giant strides and our deepening understanding of how vertebrates fit into the tree of life, the morphological chasm between vertebrates and invertebrates remains vast and enigmatic. As Gee shows, even as scientific advances have falsified a variety of theories linking these groups, the extant relatives of vertebrates are too few for effective genetic analysis. Moreover, the more we learn about the species that do remain-from sea-squirts to starfish-the clearer it becomes that they are too far evolved along their own courses to be of much use in reconstructing what the latest invertebrate ancestors of vertebrates looked like. Fossils present yet further problems of interpretation. Tracing both the fast-changing science that has helped illuminate the intricacies of vertebrate evolution as well as the limits of that science, Across the Bridge helps us to see how far the field has come in crossing the invertebrate-to-vertebrate divide-and how far we still have to go.
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• 1. General
• 2. Methods
• 3. Chemical Composition
• 4. Nutrition
• 5. Respiration
• 6. Circulation
• 7. Excretion
• 8. Osmotic Regulation
• 9. Cell and Tissue Metabolism
• 10. Growth and Molting
• 11. Reproduction
• 12. Locomotion
• 13. Nervous System and Sense Organs
• 14. Behavior
• 15. Ecophysiology
• 16. A Cytological Perspective
• 17. The Genomics of Cladoceran Physiology: Daphnia as a Model
• 18. Notes on the Physiology of Embryogenesis Conclusions: Special Traits of Cladoceran Physiology.
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Physiology of the Cladocera, Second Edition, is a much-needed summary of foundational information on these increasingly important model organisms. This unique and valuable review is based on the world's literature, including Russian research not previously widely available, and offers systematically arranged data on the physiology of Cladocera, assisting with explanation of their life and distribution. It features the addition of new sections and a vast amount of new information, such as the latest data on feeding, nutrition, pathological physiology, chemical composition, neurosecretion, and behavior, as well as hormonal regulation, antioxidants, and the biochemical background of effects of natural and anthropogenic factors. Additional expertly updated contributions in genetics and cytology, and a new chapter in embryology, round out the physiological chapters, and provide comprehensive insight into the state of knowledge of Cladocera and their underlying mechanisms. Cladocera crustaceans have become globally studied for many purposes, including genetic, molecular, ecological, environmental, water quality, systematics, and evolutionary biology research. Since the genome of Daphnia was sequenced and published, that system has gained much wider exposure, also leading to a rapidly growing awareness of the importance of understanding physiological processes as they relate to evolutionary and ecological genomics as well as ecogenomic toxicology. However, the physiological background on Cladocera has been fragmentary (including on the other 700 known species besides Daphnia), despite the extensive literature on species identification and morphology. This work addresses this issue by collecting and synthesizing from the literature the state of knowledge of cladoceran physiology, including discussion on both adequately and inadequately investigated fields, and thus directions of future research.
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• List of contributors, ix Preface, xi A century of parasitology: 1914 2014 1 John Janovy, Jr Part I: Systematics and Diversity Watson, M. E.
• 1915. Some new gregarine parasites from Arthropoda. Journal of Parasitology
• 2: 27
• 36. Parasitic protozoology and the scientific lessons of intellectual elegance 7 Richard E. Clopton Linton, E.
• 1916. Notes on two cestodes from the spotted sting-ray. Journal of Parasitology
• 3: 34
• 38. Helminth biodiversity research transformed by a century of evolutionary thought 21 Janine N. Caira and Kirsten Jensen Van Cleave, H. J.
• 1914. Eorhynchus: A proposed new name for Neorhynchus hamann preoccupied. Journal of Parasitology
• 1: 50
• 51. Acanthocephala in The Journal of Parasitology 1914 2014 40 Omar M. Amin Linton, E.
• 1915. Tocotrema lingua (Creplin): The adult stage of a skin parasite of the cunner and other fishes of the Woods Hole region. Journal of Parasitology
• 1: 128
• 134. A century (1914 2014) of studies on marine fish parasites published in The Journal of Parasitology 57 Victor Manuel Vidal-Martinez, Edgar Torres-Irineo and Ma. Leopoldina Aguirre-Macedo Part II: Ecology and Life History McCoy, O. R.
• 1928. Seasonal fluctuation in the infestation of Planorbis trivolvis with larval trematodes. Journal of Parasitology
• 15: 121
• 126. An overview of the history and advances in the population ecology of parasites 77 David J. Marcogliese and Cameron P. Goater Nadler, S. A.
• 1995. Microevolution and the genetic structure of parasite populations. Journal of Parasitology
• 81: 395
• 403. History of microevolutionary thought in parasitology: The integration of molecular population genetics 93 Charles D. Criscione Cross, S. X.
• 1934. A probable case of non-specific immunity between two parasites of ciscoes of the Trout Lake region of northern Wisconsin. Journal of Parasitology
• 20: 244
• 245. The worm s eye view of community ecology 110 Tavis K. Anderson and Michael V. K. Sukhdeo Ransom, B. H., andM. C. Hall.
• 1915. The life history of Gongylonema scutatum. Journal of Parasitology
• 2: 80
• 86. The iron wheel of parasite life cycles: Then and now! 131 Matthew G. Bolek, Heather A. Stigge and Kyle D. Gustafson Jacobs, L., J. S. Remington, and M. L. Melton.
• 1960. A survey of meat samples from swine, cattle, and sheep for the presence of encysted Toxoplasma. Journal of Parasitology
• 46: 23
• 28. Transmission of Toxoplasma gondii From land to sea, a personal perspective 148 J. P. Dubey Part III: Host-Parasite Interactions The Challenge Todd, J. L.
• 1914. Tick paralysis. Journal of Parasitology
• 1: 55
• 64. Tick paralysis: Some host and tick perspectives 167 Lance A. Durden and Ben J. Mans Bemrick, W. J.
• 1961. Effect of low temperatures on trophozoites of Giardia muris. Journal of Parasitology
• 47: 573
• 576. Giardia intestinalis biochemistry and regulation: An evolutionary tale 177 Edward L. Jarroll and Timothy A. Paget Sarles, M. P.
• 1932. Development of acquired resistance in rabbits by repeated infection with an intestinal nematode, Trichostrongylus calcaratus Ransom
• 1911. Journal of Parasitology
• 19: 61
• 82. The early history of immunoparasitology in the United States 189 Raymond E. Kuhn Hall, M. C.
• 1926. Some practical principles of anthelmintic medication. Journal of Parasitology
• 13: 16
• 24. Chemotherapy of helminth infections: A centennial reflection 202 William C. Campbell Anthelmintic drug discovery: Into the future 215 Timothy G. Geary, Judy Sakanari and Conor R. Caffrey Part IV: The First Figures Published in The Journal of Parasitology The Journal of Parasitology as a visual experience: Ten landmark figures 229 First figure published in The Journal of Parasitology: Stanley Fracker s proposal for quantifying the structural features of a nematode 230 First new species figure: Stenophora diplocorpa from the intestine of Euryurus erythropygus 230 First photomicrograph published in The Journal of Parasitology: A sarcocyst from an opossum 231 First transmission electron micrograph published in The Journal of Parasitology: sections of Trypanosoma equiperdum 232 First scanning electron micrograph published in The Journal of Parasitology: Surface architecture of schistosome cercariae 233 First digital light micrograph published in The Journal of Parasitology: Trophic stages of Torogregarina sphinx 234 First figure of a pathological condition: Endameba gingivalis in a pyorrheal pocket 235 First figure of a seasonal fluctuation in parasite abundance: Cercariae from a planorbid snail 236 First modern figure of a phylogeny published in The Journal of Parasitology 237 First life cycle diagram, similar to what would be in a textbook, published in The Journal of Parasitology 238 Part V: Overview and Conclusions Reflections: Closing comments for the centennial celebration of The Journal of Parasitology 241 Gerald W. Esch Index 243.
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Reviews key areas in ecological, medical and molecular parasitology * Features essays from some of the world's leading parasitologists * Each topic is set in context by featuring a key paper from the Journal of Paraistology over the past 100 years.
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• 1. Sterols and Insects
• 2. Cholesterol and Membranes
• 3. Cholesterol Transport
• 4. Cholesterol Catabolism and Bile Acid Metabolism
• 5. Cholesterol Balance and Whole Body Kinetics.
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The reviews in this collection are unique in their intent to provide a basis for understanding of the subject. They include historical, descriptive, and comparative information which is not always presented in state of the science reviews. Cholesterol is viewed in each chapter as part of a system structural, kinetic, or metabolic. The complex nature of the place of cholesterol in living systems is illustrated in each chapter.
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Soil mites are of great biological importance both in natural and in cultivated soils. Recently much attention has been paid to them especially because of their sensitivity to a number of chemicals used in agriculture. Of the soil mites, the Oribatids represent the largest number of both individuals and species. Unfortunately, the study of Oribatids has been greatly hampered by the lack of modern reference works from which they can be identified, and it was this great lack that stimulated the authors to launch this new series of books. The first volume, after a short morphological treatment, gives the method of collection, preparation, and mode of study of prepared specimens. The work is designed to discuss critically all recognizable species and is amply complemented with differential diagnoses and entirely new figures from supercohorts down to species. The book also includes an index of taxa.

• PREFACE ix
• CHAPTER 1 A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO ASCIDIANS 1
• CHAPTER 2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF TADPOLE LARVAE AND SESSILE JUVENILES 9
• CHAPTER 3 GENOMICS, TRANSCRIPTOMICS, AND PROTEOMICS 19
• CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH TOOLS 31
• CHAPTER 5 THE FUNCTION AND REGULATION OF MATERNAL TRANSCRIPTS 41
• CHAPTER 6 LARVAL TAIL MUSCLE 53
• CHAPTER 7 ENDODERM 63
• CHAPTER 8 EPIDERMIS 69
• CHAPTER 9 NOTOCHORD 77
• CHAPTER 10 THE LARVAL AND ADULT NERVOUS SYSTEMS 89
• CHAPTER 11 MESENCHYME 107
• CHAPTER 12 MAKING BLUEPRINT OF CHORDATE BODY: DYNAMIC ACTIVITIES OF REGULATORY GENES 113
• CHAPTER 13 DEVELOPMENT OF THE JUVENILE HEART 137
• CHAPTER 14 GERM-CELL LINE, GAMETES, FERTILIZATION, AND METAMORPHOSIS 145
• CHAPTER 15 INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND BLOOD CELLS 159
• CHAPTER 16 COLONIAL ASCIDIANS: ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION AND COLONY SPECIFICITY 167
• CHAPTER 17 EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENTAL GENOMICS 175 INDEX 193.
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The simplicity and lack of redundancy in their regulatory genes have made ascidians one of the most useful species in studying developmental genomics. In Developmental Genomics of Ascidians, Dr. Noriyuki Satoh explains the developmental genomics of ascidians, stresses the simplicity of Ciona developmental system, and emphasizes single-cell level analyses. This book actively accentuates the advantages of using ascidians as model organisms in an up-and-coming field of developmental genomics.
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• chapter 1 Pollutant Responses in Marine Animals: The Program* / C. S. Giam
• chapter 2 Bioaccumulation and Depuration of Selected Organic Compounds in Marine Fish / L. E. Ray
• chapter 3 Cytochrome P-450 and Mixed-Function Oxygenase Systems in Marine Invertebrates / R. Lee
• chapter 4 Monooxygenase Systems in Marine Fish / J. J. Stegeman
• chapter 5 Immunocompetence in Invertebrates / R. S. Anderson
• chapter 6 Histopathology and Histochemistry / M. R. Tripp
• chapter 7 Biochemical Stress Responses and Alterations of Tissue Ascorbic Acid and Glutathione Content / P. Thomas

This volume attempts to summarize the joint efforts of a group of workers who developed systems for analysing marine pollution for use with marine animals and then use these systems to monitor certain select marine populations. Approach taken is to seek pollutant-induced changes in metabolite (e.g. glutathione, ascorbate) concentrations, in hormone concentrations, in enzymes associated with pollutant metabolism (e.g. the cytochrome P-450 mixed-function oxidase system), in immunological capacity and in cellular morphology. The work reported here details the specific methods used and summarizes the results of measurement of the parameters in both pristine and exposed animals. Not all systems exhibited changes in response to the pollutants tested; these systems are also discussed here to help others avoid these potential, but insensitive, markers.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Acknowledgments
• Chapter 1. Introduction Background How to Use This Manual R Statistical Environment
• Chapter 2. Mammal Skulls Background Bones and Features of the Skull Variation in Mammalian Skulls Zygomatic Morphology in Rodents Telescoping in Cetaceans Skull Measurements Exercise 1: The Nuts and Bolts Exercise 2: Dichotomous Keys of Skulls Exercise 3: Mystery Mammal Skull Appendix
• Chapter 3. Mammalian Teeth Background Internal Structure Kinds of Teeth Occlusal Patterns and Cusps Types of Teeth and Diet Tooth Replacement Dental Formulas Exercise 1: Dental Terminology Exercise 2: Dental Key to North American Mammals
• Chapter 4. Phylogeny Reconstruction Background How Do We Construct Phylogenetic Trees? Exercise 1: Manual Sequence Alignment Exercise 2: Sequence Alignment Using Computers Exercise 3: Exploring the Open Tree of Life
• Chapter 5. Keeping a Field Notebook Background Why Keep a Field Notebook? Elements of a Field Journal Two-Part Field Notes Grinnell Method Exercise 1: Locality Information Using Topo Maps Exercise 2: Taking Field Notes
• Chapter 6. Livetrapping Small Mammals Background Live Traps Exercise 1: Setting up a Livetrapping Grid Exercise 2: Checking Traps and Collecting Capture Data Handling Captured Mammals Marking Mammals Sexing and Aging Small Mammals Measuring Small Mammals Exercise 3: Data Collection and Analysis Appendix
• Chapter 7. Specimen Preparation Why Collect Specimens? Documenting Specimens Exercise 1: Taking Standard Measurements Recording Reproductive Data Preparing Museum Specimens Exercise 2: Preparing a Museum Study Skin Exercise 3: Preparing Skulls Exercise 4: Preparing Skeletons
• Chapter 8. Field Collecting and Preserving Mammalian Parasites Background Exercise 1: Making a Blood Smear Exercise 2: Collecting Ectoparasites Exercise 3: Collecting Endoparasites Exercise 4: Preliminary Ectoparasite Identification Exercise 5: Ectoparasite Population Ecology
• Chapter 9. Mark-Recapture Studies Background Lincoln-Petersen Method Schnabel Model Jolly-Seber Model Exercise 1: Single Mark-Recapture (Lincoln-Petersen Method) Exercise 2: The Schnabel Method Exercise 3: The Jolly-Seber Model Using Excel Appendix
• Chapter 10. Using Software for Mark-Recapture Data Background Capture Probability and Encounter Histories Capture Models Exercise 1: Using the Program CAPTURE Exercise 2: Tigers in India Exercise 3: Mark-Recapture Sampling Using Rcapture Appendix A Appendix B
• Chapter 11. Transects: Using Distance Sampling Background Indirect Data Field Procedures Indirect Transect Surveys Exercise 1: Conducting Deer Pellet Transect Surveys Exercise 2: Dung Counts Using PELLET Exercise 3: Data Analysis Using Rdistance in RStudio
• Chapter 12. Camera Trapping Background Camera Selection Survey Design Exercise 1: A Camera-Trap Field Study Data Analysis Exercise 2: Data Analysis from Camera-Trap Studies Exercise 3: Using camtrapR to Analyze Camera-Trap Data
• Chapter 13. Radio Tracking Background Types of Radio-Telemetry Studies Radio-Telemetry Equipment Locating Animals Exercise 1: Locating Animals by Homing Exercise 2: Locating Animals via Triangulation Exercise 3: Data Analysis: The Minimum Convex Polygon Exercise 4: Data Analysis Using sigloc in RStudio Exercise 5: Using adehabitatHR in RStudio
• Chapter 14. GPS Tracking Using GPSVisualizer and MoveBank Background Exercise 1: Tracking Grizzly Bears with GPSVisualizer Exercise 2: Exploring MoveBank Data
• Chapter 15. Recording and Analyzing Mammal Sounds Background Equipment for Recording Sounds Software for Analyzing Sounds Interpreting a Sonogram Exercise 1: Field Recording Exercise 2: Sound Analysis Using Audacity Exercise 3: Playback Experiments Using Alarm Calls
• Chapter 16. Quantifying Mammalian Behavior Background Avoiding Common Problems Exercise 1: Building an Ethogram Exercise 2: Sampling Behaviors Exercise 3: Creating a Time Budget Exercise 4: Creating a Transition Diagram Exercise 5: Creating a Dominance Hierarchy Exercise 6: Dominance Hierarchy Analysis Exercise 7: Social Network Analysis Using igraph
• Chapter 17. Optimal Foraging Behavior Background Foraging in Patches Exercise 1: Profitability and Prey Choice Exercise 2: Foraging in Patches Exercise 3: Foraging with Risk Appendix
• Chapter 18. Field Karyotyping Background What Is a Karyotype? How Are Karyotypes Produced? Exercise 1: Field Karyotyping Exercise 2: G-banding Chromosomes with Trypsin Exercise 3: Analyzing the Karyotype Manually Exercise 4: Measuring Chromosomes with ImageJ Software Appendix A Appendix B
• Chapter 19. Non-invasive Hair Sampling Background Hair Morphology Exercise 1: Field Methods for Collecting Hairs Exercise 2: Creating a Hair Reference Collection Exercise 3: Quantifying Hair Structure Using ImageJ Software Exercise 4: Extracting DNA from Hair Samples Instructor Resources General Field Equipment Sources Mammalian Skulls and Skeletons Biotelemetry Resources Camera Traps Sound Recording Ultrasound Recording Equipment (Bat Detectors) Glossary Bibliography Index.
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Mammals inhabit nearly every continent and every sea. They have adapted to life underground, in the frozen Arctic, the hottest deserts, and every habitat in-between. In Mammalogy Techniques Lab Manual-the only field manual devoted to training the next generation of mammalogists-biologist and educator James M. Ryan details the modern research techniques today's professionals use to study mammals wherever they are found. Ideal for any mammalogy or wildlife biology course, this clear and practical guide aids students by getting them outside to study mammals in their natural environments. Twenty comprehensive chapters cover skull and tooth identification, radio and satellite GPS tracking, phylogeny construction, mark and recapture techniques, camera trapping, museum specimen preparation, optimal foraging, and DNA extraction, among other topics. Each chapter includes several exercises with step-by-step instructions for students to collect and analyze their own data, along with background information, downloadable sample data sets (to use when it is not practical to be out in the field), and detailed descriptions of useful open-source software tools. This pragmatic resource provides students with real-world experience practicing the complex techniques used by modern wildlife biologists. With more than 60 applied exercises to choose from in this unique manual, students will quickly acquire the scientific skills essential for a career working with mammals.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: Nonnative species in the world David Pimentel Australia The impacts of alien plants in Australia Richard H. Groves Environmental and economic costs of invertebrate invasions in Australia Deon Canyon, Ian Naumann, Rick Speare, and Ken Winkel Brazil Invasive vertebrates in Brazil Carlos Frederico D. Rocha, Helena Godoy Bergallo, and Rosana Mazzoni British Isles Alien plants in Britain Mark Williamson Economic, environmental, and social dimensions of alien vertebrate species in Britain Piran C. L. White, Adriana E. S. Ford-Thompson, Carolyn J. Snell, and Stephen Harris Europe Impacts of alien vertebrates in Europe Susan M. Shirley and Salit Kark Invasive patterns of alien terrestrial invertebrates in Europe Alain Roques Invasive plant pathogens in Europe Ivan Sache, Anne-Sophie Roy, Frederic Suffert, and Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau India Invasive plants in the Indian subcontinent Daizy R. Batish, R. K. Kohli, and H. P. Singh Invasive invertebrates in India: Economic implications T. N. Ananthakrishnan New Zealand Economic impacts of weeds in New Zealand: Some examples Peter A. Williams and Susan M. Timmins Ecological and economic costs of alien vertebrates in New Zealand M. N. Clout South Africa The economic consequences of the environmental impacts of alien plant invasions in South Africa D. C. Le Maitre, W. J. de Lange, D. M. Richardson, R. M. Wise, and B. W. van Wilgen Invasive vertebrates of South Africa Berndt J. van Rensburg, Olaf L. F. Weyl, Sarah J. Davies, Nicola J. van Wilgen, Dian Spear, Christian T. Chimimba, and Derick S. Peacock United States Rodents and other vertebrate invaders in the United States Michael W. Fall, Michael L. Avery, Tyler A. Campbell, Peter J. Egan, Richard M. Engeman, David Pimentel, William C. Pitt, Stephanie A. Shwiff, and Gary W. Witmer Environmental and economic costs associated with alien invasive species in the United States David Pimentel.
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The impact of invasive species is second only to that of human population growth and associated activities as a cause of the loss of biodiversity throughout the world. In the United States, invasions of nonnative plants, animals, or microbes cause major environmental damage. The second edition of Biological Invasions: Economic and Environmental Costs of Alien Plant, Animal, and Microbe Species represents the most current, single-source reference containing scientific and economic information on this timely subject. This volume reconfirms the diverse and unpredictable roles that non-native species assume as they invade new ecosystems: destruction of vital crops and forests, major damages to ecosystems leading to loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and water loss. The text provides information on how the non-native species invade new ecosystems, their subsequent environmental effects, and estimates on economic impacts. Biological Invasions supplies scientists, policymakers, and the public with a better understanding of the invading species and how to prevent their spread and improve control procedures.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Tick Classification, External Tick Anatomy with a Glossary, and Biological Cycles
• 2. Genera and Species of Ixodidae
• 3. Genera and Species of Argasidae
• 4. Morphological Keys for Genera and Species of Ixodidae and Argasidae.
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Ticks of the Southern Cone of America: Diagnosis, Distribution and Hosts with Taxonomy, Ecology and Sanitary Importance focuses on the tick species prevalent in The Southern Cone of America, including their distribution, biology, associated pathogens, their effects on the host, and control methods. Based on review of the literature from more than five decades, 62 species of both hard and soft tick have been discovered on the Southern Cone of America. Tick genera observed and recorded include Amblyomma, Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, Ixodes, and Rhipicephalus.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• Proximate causes of Cognition
• Comparative Approaches to the Study of Basic Processes of Cognition: A Tale of Three Species
• Cognition as a Target & Facilitator of Sexual Selection
• The Emergence of Spatial Cognition in Insects
• Floral Cognition: Comparative & Functional Perspectives
• Generalization Cannot Explain Abstract-Concept Learning
• The Innovative Bird: Contextual Determinants & Underpinning Mechanisms of Innovative Foraging
• The Neurobiology of Social Learning
• Play & Cognition: The Final Frontier
• Index.
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The study of animal cognition has undergone enormous growth in the last two decades. In the early part of the 20th century, the work was conducted primarily by psychologists who studied animal behavior in the laboratory as a model of human cognition. By the middle of the century, ethological studies of animal behavior in the natural environment revealed an amazing array of cognitive abilities in different species, worthy of study in their own right. In many cases, scientists in these two disciplines were investigating the same process (e.g., learning, navigation, communication) from very different perspectives. Psychologists tended to focus on developmental or mechanistic explanations, whereas ethologists and behavioral ecologists emphasised adaptive or functional ones. Eventually, it became clear that the two fields are complementary with a full description of any cognitive process, depending on both proximate and ultimate explanations. This text builds on the tradition of combining data from laboratory and field studies of animal behavior as a means of understanding the evolution and function of cognition. In keeping with contemporary terminology, cognition refers to a wide range of processes from modification of simple reflexes to abstract concept learning to social interactions to the expression of emotions, such as guilt. These are examined throughout the text in animal groups ranging from insects to great apes. A general theme across chapters is that the evolution of behavioral patterns is adaptive, thereby reflected in underlying neural structures. Many of the authors go on to examine the adaptive significance of a behavior in relation to a species ecological history in order to develop theories of cognitive evolution. These issues are becoming increasingly important in a world with rapidly changing environments to which all animals, including humans, must adjust. A primary goal of this volume is to introduce the exciting field of animal cognition to a new group of young scientists. The editor also hopes to encourage experienced researchers to expand their ideas of what constitutes animal cognition and how it can be studied in the future. From the editors own reading, one area of potential growth is the development of more formal models of cognition to guide quantitative predictions of behavior. Although no chapter focuses exclusively on humans, readers should have no difficulty extrapolating research findings and theories from other species to those of our own. Differences are clearly based on degree, not kind.
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• List of illustrations
• Preface
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Function
• 3. Evolution
• 4. Development
• 5. Causation
• 6. Applications and future directions
• References
• Index.
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Asymmetry of the brain and behaviour (lateralization) has traditionally been considered unique to humans. However, research has shown that this phenomenon is widespread throughout the vertebrate kingdom and found even in some invertebrate species. A similar basic plan of organisation exists across vertebrates. Summarising the evidence and highlighting research from the last twenty years, the authors discuss lateralization from four perspectives - function, evolution, development and causation - covering a wide range of animals, including humans. The evolution of lateralization is traced from our earliest ancestors, through fish and reptiles to birds and mammals. The benefits of having a divided brain are discussed, as well as the influence of experience on its development. A final chapter discusses outstanding problems and areas for further investigation. Experts in this field, the authors present the latest scientific knowledge clearly and engagingly, making this a valuable tool for anyone interested in the biology and behaviour of brain asymmetries.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Physiology and Biochemistry of Cultured Cells 2.Endocrinology in Invertebrate Tissue Culture 3.Applications of Insect Cell Cultures in Biotechnology and Molecular Biology

A useful reference for those using or interested in cultured invertebrate cells, this two-volume text provides information about techniques and advances in invertebrate tissue culture. Cell lines for Insecta, Crustacea, Mollusca, and Nematoda are introduces along with their characterizations. Developments in insect biotechnology, including foreign protein production by insect cells infected with recombinant virus are described. Fundamental studies for introducing foreign genes into cultured insect cells is also presented. Wide information on studies -at cellular levels-on pathogens of insects, plants, and vertebrates is given.
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• Foreword / by Eve Marder
• Introduction
• 1. The lone reader
• 2. First findings
• 3. Lobster lore
• 4. Marking time
• 5. A lab of one's own
• 6. The multifunctional network
• 7. Asking the right question
• 8. Tuning to target
• 9. Good enough
• 10. The big picture.

How forty years of research on thirty neurons in the stomach of a lobster has yielded valuable insights for the study of the human brain.Neuroscientist Eve Marder has spent forty years studying thirty neurons on the stomach of a lobster.Her focus on this tiny network of cells has yielded valuable insights into the much more complex workings of the human brain; she has become a leading voice in neuroscience. In Lessons from the Lobster, Charlotte Nassim describes Marder's work and its significance accessibly and engagingly, tracing the evolution of a supremely gifted scientist's ideas. From the lobster's digestion to human thought is very big leap indeed. Our brains selectively recruit networks from about ninety billion available neurons; the connections are extremely complex. Nevertheless, as Nassim explains, Marder's study of a microscopic knot of stomatogastric neurons in lobsters and crabs, a small network with a countable number of neurons, has laid vital foundations for current brain research projects. Marder's approach is as intuitive as it is analytic, but always firmly anchored to data. Every scrap of information is a pointer for Marder; her discoveries depend on her own creative thinking as much as her laboratory's findings. Nassim describes Marder's important findings on neuromodulation, the secrets of neuronal networks, and homeostasis. Her recognition of the importance of animal-to-animal variability has influenced research methods everywhere.Marder has run her laboratory at Brandeis University since 1978. She was President of the Society for Neuroscience in 2008 and she is the recipient of numerous awards, including the 2016 Kavli Award in Neuroscience and the 2013 Gruber Prize in Neuroscience. Research that reaches the headlines often depends on technical fireworks, and especially on spectacular images. Marder's work seldom fits that pattern, but this book demonstrates that a brilliant scientist working carefully and thoughtfully can produce groundbreaking results.
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