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• Operating instructions for pregnancy
• Usable pregnancy
• The father of prenantal care: J.W. Ballantyne and system-constitutive documentation
• The mothers of prenatal care: Elizabeth Putnam, the IDNA, and user-centered care
• Getting in the way: pregnancy manuals during the Women's Health Movement
• What to expect from risk management
• System error: troubleshooting the pregnant body
• Virtually pregnant: consuming prenatal care
• Conclusion: instructions for systemic change.

It is a truth widely acknowledged that if you're pregnant and can afford one, you're going to pick up a pregnancy manual. From What to Expect When You're Expecting to Pregnancy for Dummies, these guides act as portable mentors for women who want advice on how to navigate each stage of pregnancy. Yet few women consider the effect of these manuals-how they propel their readers into a particular system of care or whether the manual they choose reflects or contradicts current medical thinking.

Introduction and Background. Minorities are less likely to report rapes. The Post Coital DNA Recovery (PCDR) study (2009-14) subjects were white (93%) where expanded collection times were not generalizable to minority populations. Evidence reports health and medical differences between races necessitating duplication of previous research in minority populations. Aims. (1) What is the time period in which it is possible to collect post-coital DNA in minority women using Y-STR laboratory methods? and (2) when compared to the former study sample of minority and non-minority, what are the physiological conditions, factors, or activities in minority couples that influence post-coital DNA recovery? Design. The design includes mixed methods duplication perfected in the first study, embracing descriptive and inferential techniques. Qualitative research used semi-structured interviews. Aim 1 analysis used PCDR-M data only. Aim 2 combined data from both PCDR and PCDR-M studies. Combined, DNA recovery, a binary outcome accounting for repeated methods in population regression analysis, used Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) methods. Fidelity. The strict criteria for adherence included considerable outreach and support of study personnel. PCDR and PCDR-M data combined and compared the two samples, which had specific homogeneity, including same inclusion and elimination criteria in both studies; fidelity to the validated protocol; laboratory method and interpretation for inclusion; duplicate statistical analysis; and interpretation of data. Any variation in key variables met elimination criteria. Assumptions and Limitations. Assumptions included (1) motivation is altruistic; (2) motivation is incentives and coercion for some; (3) negotiating coitus is difficult and stressful; and (4) similar fidelity and dropout rates. The limitations included (1) a lack of representation for the diverse experiences of rape victims; (2) sample size; (3) self-selection bias; (4) protocol adherence; and (4) advances in laboratory science and DNA kits. Demographics. Demographic variables included gender, race, and age. Major categories in the dataset included participants' reproductive history, data on female participants' reproductive organs, and childhood abuse.

• Contents: Aging (senescence) our evolved life history
• Global maximum life expectancy
• Postmenopausal survival characterizes all human populations
• Longevity affects age at maturity across our primate order
• Comparing humans and chimpanzees
• Grandmother effects and the evolution of human life history
• What physiological mechanisms have slowed human aging?
• Age-specific fertility rates in humans & chimpanzees
• Overall mortality effects on age-specific variation.

This data collection consists of two data files, which can be used to determine infant mortality rates. The first file provides linked records of live births and deaths of children born in the United States in 1985 (residents and nonresidents). This file is referred to as the "numerator" file. The second file consists of live births in the United States in 1985 and is referred to as the "denominator" file. Variables include year of birth, state and county of birth, characteristics of the infant (age, sex, race, birth weight, gestation), characteristics of the mother (origin, race, age, education, marital status, state of birth), characteristics of the father (origin, race, age, education), pregnancy items (prenatal care, live births), and medical data.

This data collection consists of two data files, which can be used to determine infant mortality rates. The first file provides linked records of live births and deaths of children born in the United States in 1983 (residents and nonresidents). This file is referred to as the "numerator" file. The second file consists of live births in the United States in 1983 and is referred to as the "denominator" file. Variables include year of birth, state and county of birth, characteristics of the infant (age, sex, race, birth weight, gestation), characteristics of the mother (origin, race, age, education, marital status, state of birth), characteristics of the father (origin, race, age, education), pregnancy items (prenatal care, live births), and medical data.

This data collection consists of two data files, which can be used to determine infant mortality rates. The first file provides linked records of live births and deaths of children born in the United States in 1984 (residents and nonresidents). This file is referred to as the "numerator" file. The second file consists of live births in the United States in 1984 and is referred to as the "denominator" file. Variables include year of birth, state and county of birth, characteristics of the infant (age, sex, race, birth weight, gestation), characteristics of the mother (origin, race, age, education, marital status, state of birth), characteristics of the father (origin, race, age, education), pregnancy items (prenatal care, live births), and medical data.

This data collection consists of two data files, which can be used to determine infant mortality rates. The first file provides linked records of live births and deaths of children born in the United States in 1987 (residents and nonresidents). This file is referred to as the "numerator" file. The second file consists of live births in the United States in 1987 and is referred to as the "denominator" file. Variables include year of birth, state and county of birth, characteristics of the infant (age, sex, race, birth weight, gestation), characteristics of the mother (origin, race, age, education, marital status, state of birth), characteristics of the father (origin, race, age, education), pregnancy items (prenatal care, live births), and medical data.

These data consist of a sample of the legitimate live births occurring in the United States in 1972. To gather the data, a sample of birth certificates was selected and questionnaires were mailed to the mothers, their physicians, and the hospitals where the births took place. The purposes of the survey were to assess the accuracy of birth certificates, to examine trends in births compared to earlier years, and to enlarge the range of information included in the vital registration system.

This data collection consists of two data files, which can be used to determine infant mortality rates. The first file provides linked records of live births and deaths of children born in the United States in 1988 (residents and nonresidents). This file is referred to as the "numerator" file. The second file consists of live births in the United States in 1988 and is referred to as the "denominator" file. Variables include year of birth, state and county of birth, characteristics of the infant (age, sex, race, birth weight, gestation), characteristics of the mother (origin, race, age, education, marital status, state of birth), characteristics of the father (origin, race, age, education), pregnancy items (prenatal care, live births), and medical data.

This data collection consists of three data files, which can be used to determine infant mortality rates. The first file provides linked records of live births and deaths of children born in the United States in 1989 (residents and nonresidents). This file is referred to as the "Numerator" file. The second file consists of live births in the United States in 1989 and is referred to as the "Denominator-Plus" file. Variables include year of birth, state and county of birth, characteristics of the infant (age, sex, race, birth weight, gestation), characteristics of the mother (origin, race, age, education, marital status, state of birth), characteristics of the father (origin, race, age, education), pregnancy items (prenatal care, live births), and medical data. Beginning in 1989, a number of items were added to the U.S. Standard Certificate of Birth. These changes and/or additions led to the redesign of the linked file record layout for this series and to other changes in the linked file. In addition, variables from the numerator file have been added to the denominator file to facilitate processing, and this file is now called the "Denominator-Plus" file. The additional variables include age at death, underlying cause of death, autopsy, and place of accident. Other new variables added are infant death identification number, exact age at death, day of birth and death, and month of birth and death. The third file, the "Unlinked" file, consists of infant death records that could not be linked to their corresponding birth records.

This data collection consists of three data files, which can be used to determine infant mortality rates. The first file provides linked records of live births and deaths of children born in the United States in 1990 (residents and nonresidents). This file is referred to as the "Numerator" file. The second file consists of live births in the United States in 1990 and is referred to as the "Denominator-Plus" file. Variables include year of birth, state and county of birth, characteristics of the infant (age, sex, race, birth weight, gestation), characteristics of the mother (origin, race, age, education, marital status, state of birth), characteristics of the father (origin, race, age, education), pregnancy items (prenatal care, live births), and medical data. Beginning in 1989, a number of items were added to the U.S. Standard Certificate of Birth. These changes and/or additions led to the redesign of the linked file record layout for this series and to other changes in the linked file. In addition, variables from the numerator file have been added to the denominator file to facilitate processing, and this file is now called the "Denominator-Plus" file. The additional variables include age at death, underlying cause of death, autopsy, and place of accident. Other new variables added are infant death identification number, exact age at death, day of birth and death, and month of birth and death. The third file, the "Unlinked" file, consists of infant death records that could not be linked to their corresponding birth records.

This data collection consists of three data files, which can be used to determine infant mortality rates. The first file provides linked records of live births and deaths of children born in the United States in 1991 (residents and nonresidents). This file is referred to as the "Numerator" file. The second file consists of live births in the United States in 1991 and is referred to as the "Denominator-Plus" file. Variables include year of birth, state and county of birth, characteristics of the infant (age, sex, race, birth weight, gestation), characteristics of the mother (origin, race, age, education, marital status, state of birth), characteristics of the father (origin, race, age, education), pregnancy items (prenatal care, live births), and medical data. Beginning in 1989, a number of items were added to the U.S. Standard Certificate of Birth. These changes and/or additions led to the redesign of the linked file record layout for this series and to other changes in the linked file. In addition, variables from the numerator file have been added to the denominator file to facilitate processing, and this file is now called the "Denominator-Plus" file. The additional variables include age at death, underlying cause of death, autopsy, and place of accident. Other new variables added are infant death identification number, exact age at death, day of birth and death, and month of birth and death. The third file, the "Unlinked" file, consists of infant death records that could not be linked to their corresponding birth records.

• 1. Introduction-- 2. The new father of Anaxagoras: the one-seed theory of reproduction and its reception in Athenian tragedy-- 3. The thigh birth of Dionysus: exploring legitimacy in the classical city-state-- 4. From myth to metaphor: intellectual and poetic generation in the age of the Sophists-- 5. Blepyrus' turd-child and the birth of Athena-- 6. The pregnant philosopher: masculine and feminine procreative styles in Plato's Symposium-- 7. Reading Plato's midwife: Socrates and intellectual paternity in the Theaetetus-- Appendix 1. Did any thinker before Democritus argue for the existence of female 'seed'?-- Appendix 2. Women and men as grammatical subjects of
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• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book traces the image of the pregnant male in Greek literature as it evolved over the course of the classical period. The image - as deployed in myth and in metaphor - originated as a representation of paternity and, by extension, 'authorship' of ideas, works of art, legislation, and the like. Only later, with its reception in philosophy in the early fourth century, did it also become a way to figure and negotiate the boundary between the sexes. The book considers a number of important moments in the evolution of the image: the masculinist embryological theory of Anaxagoras of Clazomenae and other fifth century pre-Socratics; literary representations of the birth of Dionysus; the origin and functions of pregnancy as a metaphor in tragedy, comedy and works of some Sophists; and finally the redeployment of some of these myths and metaphors in Aristophanes' Assemblywomen and in Plato's Symposium and Theaetetus.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

The 1991 New [Social Security] Beneficiary Followup (NBF) is the second wave of the Social Security Administration's NEW [SOCIAL SECURITY] BENEFICIARY SURVEY, 1988: [UNITED STATES] (NBS) (ICPSR 8510). Together, the two surveys are referred to as the New Beneficiary Data System (NBDS). The NBDS contains information on the changing circumstances of aged and disabled Title II beneficiaries. This wave includes information from administrative records as well as data from followup interviews with survivors from the original survey. The NBS was conducted in late 1982 with a sample representing nearly 2 million persons who had begun receiving Social Security benefits during a 12-month period in 1980-1981. Personal interviews were completed with three types of beneficiaries: 9,103 retired workers, 5,172 disabled workers, and 2,417 wife or widow beneficiaries. In addition, interviews were obtained from 1,444 aged persons who were entitled to Medicare benefits but were not receiving Social Security payments because of high earnings. The NBS interviews covered a wide range of topics, including demographic characteristics of the respondent, spouse, and any other persons in the household, as well as marital and childbearing history, employment history, current income and assets, and health. Selected data were also gathered from spouses and added from administrative records. The NBF followup interviews were conducted throughout 1991 with surviving original sample persons from the NBS and surviving spouses of NBS decedents. The NBF updated information on economic circumstances obtained in the NBS, and added or expanded sections dealing with health, family contacts, and post-retirement employment. The interviews also probed major changes in living circumstances that might cause changes in economic status (for example, death of a spouse, episodes of hospitalization, and changes of residence). In addition, disabled workers were asked about their efforts to return to work, experiences with rehabilitation services, and knowledge of Social Security work incentive provisions. Since the 1982 survey, selected information on the NBS respondents has been compiled periodically from Social Security, Supplemental Security Income (SSI), and Medicare records. These administrative data, which can be linked to the survey data, make it possible to analyze changes in NBS respondents' covered earnings, cash benefits, participation in the SSI program, and health expenses.

The main focus of this data collection was women's attitudes toward family and family size. The women interviewed for this study answered questions on past pregnancies and described their attitudes toward large and small families, their reasons for having children, and the nature of their own patterns of family growth. Extensive family background information was also collected, including data on occupation of respondent and husband, age of respondent and husband, education of respondent and husband and their parents, family income, types of savings, and housing information.

This collection provides data on labor force activity for the week prior to the survey. Comprehensive data are available on the employment status, occupation, and industry of persons 14 years old and over. Personal characteristics such as age, sex, race, marital status, veteran status, household relationship, educational background, and Spanish origin are also included in the file. Supplemental statistics are supplied on birth history and birth expectations for women 14-59 years of age. Data include total number of children ever born, date of birth of most recent child, and date of first marriage. Currently married women 14-39 years of age were asked about the number of additional children they expected to have within the next five years. Some demographic information is also provided on husbands of the women interviewed.

This data collection contains detailed information collected from 8,611 respondents about their pregnancy histories, including the date, outcome, and order of all pregnancies, whether they were single or multiple births, sex and weight of infants, mortality, breastfeeding of infants, and information on the respondent's residence, periods of non-intercourse, contraceptive methods used, and regularity of use. Other information about the respondents can be found in NATIONAL SURVEY OF FAMILY GROWTH, CYCLE II, 1976: COUPLE FILE (ICPSR 7902). In addition, the Couple File contains summary measures of fertility derived from this data collection.

The Social Learning, Social Influence, and Fertility Control study examined the association between social network and reproductive attitudes and behavior, especially contraception. This collection represents round one of an eight round panel survey conducted in six communities in three coastal regions of Ghana ( Western, Central, and Greater Accra) and contains two separate datasets, one for women and one for men . In the face to face interview, women aged 15 to 50 and their male partners were asked about childbearing and related reproductive items, fertility preferences, and contraceptive knowledge, attitudes and practices. The respondents were also asked about social interaction, community organizations and HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Demographic information collected includes respondents' sex, marital status, employment, age, ethnicity, religious affiliation and social economic status.

This data collection contains standard data on labor force activity for the week prior to the survey. Comprehensive data are available on the employment status, occupation, and industry of persons 15 years old and over. Also supplied are personal characteristics such as age, sex, race, marital status, veteran status, household relationship, educational background, and Hispanic origin. In addition, supplemental data pertaining to fertility are included in this file. Data are presented for females aged 15 to 44 on date of first marriage, number of liveborn children, and date of birth of youngest and oldest children. Data for the respondent's spouse include age, armed forces status, citizenship, labor force status, educational attainment, nativity, origin/descent, race, and year of arrival in the United States.