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Risky Business is a comprehensive look at Canada's science-based policy and regulatory regime. It asks what risks Canadians might be exposed to as fiscal pressures strain the capacity of regulators in areas such as food, drugs, pesticides, fisheries, and the environment. The first part of this book focuses the reader's attention on diverse and major themes and issues that pervade science-based regulatory regimes today. The second part suggests a framework for analysis and endeavours to present both sympathetic and critical perspectives on the inner-workings of regulatory departments and agencies in the area of the protection of human and environmental health and safety. Covering such topics as the organizational evolution of regulatory agencies, regulatory bodies' changing sources and levels of funding, a review of the independence of science, and the increased potential for realization of risk, these essays point to the need for these regulators to operate with openness and accessibility in order to maintain public confidence. Indeed, the contributors argue that this openness is crucial to both democratic governance and the development of innovative knowledge economies.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Contributors include Bert Backman-Beharry (Calgary-based consultant), N. Bruce Baskerville (National Research Council of Canada - NRCC), Francois Bregha (Stratos Inc), Don Di Salle (NRCC), G. Bruce Doern (Carleton and Exeter), Carey Hill (PhD candidate, British Columbia), Jeffrey S. Kinder (PhD candidate, Carleton), Russell LaPointe (doctoral student, Carleton), Debora C. Lopreite (PhD candidate, Carleton), David Robinson (Laurentian), Mike Rosenblatt (Carleton), Stephan Schott (Carleton), Robert Slater (Carleton), Jac van Beek (Ottawa), and Coady Wing (graduate student, Carleton).
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Inter-disciplinary essays on ISE and related sustainable development policy priorities of the federal government.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction : science and ideology / Mark Walker
• Science and totalitarianism : lessons for the twenty-first century / Yakov M. Rabkin & Elena Z. Mirskaya
• "Ideologically correct" science / Michael Gordin [and others]
• From communications engineering to communications science : cybernetics and information theory in the United States, France, and the Soviet Union / David Mindell, Jérôme Segal, & Slava Gerovitch
• Science policy in post-1945 West Germany and Japan : between ideology and economics / Richard H. Beyler & Morris F. Low
• The transformation of nature under Hitler and Stalin / Paul Josephson & Thomas Zeller
• Legitimation through use : rocket and aeronautic research in the Third Reich and the U.S.A. / Burghard Ciesla & Helmuth Trischler
• Weaving networks : the University of Jena in the Weimar Republic, the Third Reich, and the postwar East German state / Uwe Hossfeld, Jürgen John, & Rüdiger Stutz
• Friedrich Möglich : a scientist's journey from fascism to communism / Dieter Hoffmann & Mark Walker.

Does science work best in a democracy? Were 'Soviet' or 'Nazi' science fundamentally different from science in the USA? These questions have been passionately debated in the recent past. Particular developments in science took place under particular political regimes, but they may or may not have been directly determined by them. Science and Ideology brings together a number of comparative case studies to examine the relationship between science and the dominant ideology of a state. Cybernetics in the USA is compared to France and the Soviet Union. Postwar Allied science policy in occupied Germany is juxtaposed to that in Japan. The essays are narrowly focussed, yet cover a wide range of countries and ideologies. The collection provides a unique comparative history of scientific policies and practices in the 20th century.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Contributors include Bert Backman-Beharry (Calgary-based consultant), N. Bruce Baskerville (National Research Council of Canada - NRCC), Francois Bregha (Stratos Inc), Don Di Salle (NRCC), G. Bruce Doern (Carleton and Exeter), Carey Hill (PhD candidate, British Columbia), Jeffrey S. Kinder (PhD candidate, Carleton), Russell LaPointe (doctoral student, Carleton), Debora C. Lopreite (PhD candidate, Carleton), David Robinson (Laurentian), Mike Rosenblatt (Carleton), Stephan Schott (Carleton), Robert Slater (Carleton), Jac van Beek (Ottawa), and Coady Wing (graduate student, Carleton).
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Inter-disciplinary essays on ISE and related sustainable development policy priorities of the federal government.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part I: Introduction and General Perspectives: The Changing Role of the State in Techno-Industrial Innovation.
• 1. State, Science and Techno-Industrial Innovation - A New Model of State Policy and a Changing Role of the State Ulrich Hilpert, Freie Universitat, Berlin
• 2. The Nature and Relevance of State Policy for Techno-Industrial Innovation Kenneth Dyson, University of Bradford
• 3. Techno-Industrial Innovation and Technology Assessment - the State's Problems with its New Role Frieder Naschold, Science Centre, Berlin Part II: Small Internal Markets and the Relevance of State Capabilities: is Techno-Industrial Innovation State Introduced?
• 4. Economic Adjustment by Techno-Industrial Innovation and the Role of the State - Solar and Biotechnology in France and West Germany Ulrich Hilpert, Freie Universitat, Berlin
• 5. The State and Telecommunications Modernisation in Britain, France and West Germany Peter Humphreys, University of Manchester
• 6. State Policy on Techno-Industrial Innovation in Weaker Economies - the Case of Biotechnology in Britain and Italy Wendy Faulkner, University of Edinburgh and Luigi Orsenigo, Bocconi University, Milan
• 7. The State and New Forms of Communication - the Introduction of Videotex in France, West Germany and North America James Miller, Hampshire College-- Volker Schneider, Max-Planck Institut Koln and Thirerry Vedel, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris Part III: Large Internal Markets and the Role of the State: Is there a Need for Policies on Techno-Industrial Innovation?
• 8. Manufacturing Innovation and American Industrial Competitiveness Stephen S. Cohen and John Zysman, University of California at Berkley
• 9. Techno-Industrial Innovation and State Policies on Telecommunications in the United States and Japan Jill Hills, City University, London
• 10. Japanese R & D Policy for Techno-Industrial Innovation Takayuki Matso, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Tokyo
• 11. Airbus Industry: A Case Study in European High Tech Cooperation Desmond Hickie, Teeside Polytechnic Part IV: Small Countries in an Innovating World Economy: Can State Policy Introduce Participation?
• 12. National Styles in Technology Policy - Comparing the Swedish and Danish State Programmes in Microelectronics/Information Technology Andrew Jamison, University of Lund
• 13. Small Industrialised Countries and the Global Innovation Race - The Role of the State in the Netherlands, Belgium and Switzerland Rob van Tulder, University of Amsterdam Part V: Conclusions
• 14. The Political Introduction of Techno-Industrial Innovation - Some Comparative Conclusions on the Role of the State in Trends for Internationalism Ulrich Hilpert, Freie Universitat, Berlin Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Behind the rhetoric of `intervention' and `deregulation' which has accompanied state attempts to stimulate technological innovation in the last decade is secreted a story of failed ambitions, confusion, muddle and incoherence. Techno-industrial innovation does make demands on the state, not only in terms of new industries, but also in regard to the inter-relation of industrial and R&D policy and the creation of markets. This book provides a comparative analysis of techno-industrial innovation in Europe, Japan and the USA. Drawing on case studies ranging from the semi-conductor to the biotechnology industries, the book presents a comprehensive and detailed survey of national strategies for the internal and world markets and sets them in their political context, where `the costs may be high and the pay-offs uncertain'.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: Russian science, public culture, and the Bolsheviks
• The birth of popular publishing and public science in Tsarist Russia
• Scientific societies and the public sphere in late imperial Russia
• Patronizing science : Glavnauka and scientific societies, 1917-27
• Forging the new world : scientific print culture and the Russian reader in the 1920s
• Imagining science : land, air, and space for the new Soviet citizen of the 1920s
• Transforming the spirit with science : evolution, antireligion, and the Soviet state in the 1920s
• Technology solves everything : science popularization and the Stalinist great break, 1928-32
• Cultural conveyor belts : public science on the retreat, 1928-32
• Technology for the masses : technical societies, Stalinist culture, and Soviet labor, 1928-34
• Conclusion: the shop floor as the temple of science.

After the Bolshevik Revolution, Russia's new leaders recognized the tantamount importance of teaching science to the masses in order to spread enlightenment and reinforce the basic tenets of Marxism. However, it was not until the first Five Year Plan and the cultural revolution of 1928-32 that a radical break from Russia's tsarist past was marked. Here, James T. Andrews presents a comprehensive history of the early Bolshevik popularization of science in Russia and the former Soviet Union. Andrews Initially focuses on the growth of scientific societies in late Imperial Russia. Pre-Revolutionary science popularizers and associations continued to operate until 1928, their efforts appealing to the ""popular Imagination"" and resonating with the interests of average Russians. Sadly, after Stalin seized power, scientists were reduced to serving industry and the propagandistic ends of Stalinism. Andrews has mined materials from previously untouched Russian archives, newspapers, scientific journals of the era, and questionnaires to show how Soviet citizens shaped the programs of science popularizers and even the agendas of communists. Underscoring the need to take care when analyzing historical and political phenomena. Andrews concludes that nothing was simple or absolute in Soviet Russia.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface Acknowledgments
• 1. Scenes from the Science Wars
• 2. The Scientific Experience
• 3. How We Got to Where We Are
• 4. The Nihilist Wing of Social Constructivism
• 5. Three Key Terms
• 6. The Naturalist Wing of Social Constructivism
• 7. The Role of Reason
• 8. The Democratization of Science
• 9. Science with a Social Agenda
• Afterword Notes Bibliography Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

What if something as seemingly academic as the so-called science wars were to determine how we live? This eye-opening book reveals how little we've understood about the ongoing pitched battles between the sciences and the humanities--and how much may be at stake. James Brown's starting point is C. P. Snow's famous book, Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution, which set the terms for the current debates. But that little book did much more than identify two new, opposing cultures, Brown contends: It also claimed that scientists are better qualified than nonscientists to solve political and social problems. In short, the true significance of Snow's treatise was its focus on the question of who should rule--a question that remains vexing, pressing, and politically explosive today. In Who Rules in Science? Brown takes us through the various engagements in the science wars--from the infamous Sokal affair to angry confrontations over the nature of evidence, the possibility of objectivity, and the methods of science--to show how the contested terrain may be science, but the prize is political: Whoever wins the science wars will have an unprecedented influence on how we are governed. Brown provides the most comprehensive and balanced assessment yet of the science wars. He separates the good arguments from the bad, and exposes the underlying message: Science and social justice are inextricably linked. His book is essential reading if we are to understand the forces making and remaking our world.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• PREFACE
• CONTRIBUTORS
• 1 Canada's Changing Science-Based Policy and Regulatory Regime: Issues and Framework
• Part 1: Macro-Issues and Policy Controversies
• 2 Government Science and the Public Interest
• 3 Between Expertise and Bureaucracy: Risk Management Trapped at the Science-Policy Interface
• 4 Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease): Lessons for Public Policy
• 5 Can Eco-Labelling Undermine International Agreement on Science-Based Standards?

• 6 Risk-Based Regulatory Responses in Global Food Trade: A Case Study of Guatemalan Raspberry Imports into the United States and Canada, 1996-1998
• 7 Socioeconomic versus Science-Based Regulation: Informal Influences on the Formal Regulation of rbST in Canada
• Part 2: Science in Regulatory and Risk Management Institutions
• 8 The Therapeutic Products Programme: From Traditional Science-Based Regulator to Science-Based Risk-Benefit Manager?
• 9 The Canadian Food Inspection Agency: Modernizing Science-Based Regulation.

• 10 The Pest Management Regulatory Agency: The Resilience of Science in Pesticide Regulation
• 11 Fisheries and Oceans Canada: Science and Conservation
• 12 Patient Science versus Science on Demand: The Stretching of Green Science at Environment Canada
• 13 A Question of Balance: New Approaches for Science-Based Regulation
• 14 Central Agencies, Horizontal Issues, and Precarious Values: Coordinating Science Policy in the Federal Government
• 15 Conclusions: New Institutions and Prospects for Change.

Risky Business is a comprehensive look at Canada's science-based policy and regulatory regime. It asks what risks Canadians might be exposed to as fiscal pressures strain the capacity of regulators in areas such as food, drugs, pesticides, fisheries, and the environment. The first part of this book focuses the reader's attention on diverse and major themes and issues that pervade science-based regulatory regimes today. The second part suggests a framework for analysis and endeavours to present both sympathetic and critical perspectives on the inner-workings of regulatory departments and agencies in the area of the protection of human and environmental health and safety. Covering such topics as the organizational evolution of regulatory agencies, regulatory bodies' changing sources and levels of funding, a review of the independence of science, and the increased potential for realization of risk, these essays point to the need for these regulators to operate with openness and accessibility in order to maintain public confidence. Indeed, the contributors argue that this openness is crucial to both democratic governance and the development of innovative knowledge economies.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Does science studies undermine science? Wittgenstein, Turing, and Polanyi as precursors for science studies and the science wars / Trevor Pinch
• Science and sociology of science: beyond war and peace / Jean Bricmont, Alan Sokal
• Is a science peace process necessary? / Michael Lynch
• Caught in the crossfire? The public's role in the science wars / Jane Gregory, Steve Miller
• Life inside a case study / Peter R. Saulson
• Conversing seriously with sociologists / N. David Mermin
• How to be antiscientific / Steven Shapin
• Physics and history / Steven Weinberg / Science studies as epistemography / Peter Dear
• From social construction to questions for research: the promise of the sociology of science / Kenneth G. Wilson, Constance K. Barsky
• A Martian sends a postcard home / Harry Collins
• Awakening a sleeping giant? / Jay A. Labinger
• Remarks on methodological relativism and "antiscience' / Jean Bricmont, Alan Sokat
• One more round with relativism / Harry Collins
• Overdetermination and contingency / Peter Dear
• Reclaiming responsibility / Jane Gregory
• Split personalities, or the science wars within / Jay A. Labinger
• Situated knowledge and common enemies: therapy for the science wars / Michael Lynch
• Real essences and human experience / N. David Mermin
• It's a conversation! / Trevor Pinch
• Confessions of a believer / Peter R. Saulson
• Barbarians at which gates? / Steven Shapin
• Peace at last? / Steven Weinberg
• Reply to our critics / Jean Bricmont, Alan Sokal
• Crown jewels and rough diamonds: the source of science's authority / Harry Collins.

• Another visit to epistemography / Peter Dear
• Let's not get too agreeable / Jay A. Labinger
• Causality, grammar, and working philosophies: some final comments / Michael Lynch
• Readings and misreadings / N. David Mermin
• Peace for whom and on whose terms? / Trevor Pinch
• Pilgrims' progress / Peter R. Saulson
• Historiographical uses of scientific knowledge / Steven Weinberg
• Beyond social construction / Kenneth G. Wilson, Constance K. Barsky.

Combatants from one or other of the "two cultures" (Science versus the arts and humanities) in the so-called "Science Wars" have launcehed bitter attacks but have seldom engaged in constructive dialogue about central issues. This book is about an exchange of opinions and ideas rather than a trading of insults. The contributors find areas of broad agreement in a conversation about science, its legitamacy and authority as a means of understanding the world and whether science studies undermines the practice and finding of science and scientists. The first part of "The One Culture?" consists of papers written by scientists and sociologists, which were distributed to the participants. The second part presents commentaries on the papers and discusses their central themes and arguments. The final part has the participants in the discussion responding to these critiques, offering defenses, clarifications and modifications of their positions. This book shows the reader what is at stake in the "Science Wars" and provides a framework for how to go about seeking the answers to vital questions raised within the debate.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
So far the Science Wars have generated far more heat than light. Combatants from one or the other of what C. P. Snow famously called the two cultures (science versus the arts and humanities) have launched bitter attacks but have seldom engaged in constructive dialogue about the central issues. In "The One Culture?, " Jay A. Labinger and Harry Collins have gathered together some of the world's foremost scientists and sociologists of science to exchange opinions and ideas rather than insults. The contributors find surprising areas of broad agreement in a genuine conversation about science, its legitimacy and authority as a means of understanding the world, and whether science studies undermines the practice and findings of science and scientists. "The One Culture?" is organized into three parts. The first consists of position papers written by scientists and sociologists of science, which were distributed to all the participants. The second presents commentaries on these papers, drawing out and discussing their central themes and arguments. In the third section, participants respond to these critiques, offering defenses, clarifications, and modifications of their positions. Who can legitimately speak about science? What is the proper role of scientific knowledge? How should scientists interact with the rest of society in decision making? Because science occupies such a central position in the world today, such questions are vitally important. Although there are no simple solutions, "The One Culture?" does show the reader exactly what is at stake in the Science Wars, and provides a valuable framework for how to go about seeking the answers we so urgently need. Contributors include: Constance K. Barsky, Jean Bricmont, Harry Collins, Peter Dear, Jane Gregory, Jay A. Labinger, Michael Lynch, N. David Mermin, Steve Miller, Trevor Pinch, Peter R. Saulson, Steven Shapin, Alan Sokal, Steven Weinberg, Kenneth G. Wilson.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: then and now
• Coming to the environmental movement
• Congress does its thing
• Leaving the lead in
• Failure and success in cleaning the air
• Growing power
• The EPA today
• What's science got to do with it?
• Lois Swirsky Gold, chemicals, and cancer
• Angus Macbeth and the Hudson River
• Precaution and policy
• Coming down to earth
• A government of the people
• Home rule
• Vicki Been and environmental justice
• Legislative responsibility
• The rights of citizens
• The boon of liberty
• The appeal of law
• The joy of doing
• Conclusion: spaceship earth without a captain.

Congress empowered the Environmental Protection Agency on the theory that only a national agency that is insulated from accountability to voters could produce the scientifically-grounded pollution rules needed to save a careless public from its own filth. In this provocative book, David Schoenbrod explains how his experience as an environmental advocate brought him to this startling realization: letting EPA dictate to the nation is a mistake. Through a series of gripping and illuminating anecdotes from his own career, the author reveals the EPA to be an agency that, under Democrats and Republicans alike, delays good rules, imposes bad ones, and is so big, muscle-bound, and remote that it does unnecessary damage to our society. EPA stays in power, he says, because it enables elected legislators to evade responsibility by hiding behind appointed bureaucrats. The best environmental rules, those that have done the most good, have come when Congress had to take responsibility or from states and localities rather than the EPA. "Schoenbrod succeeds admirably in presenting a provocative analysis of the contemporary state of environmental law and policy. He makes a strong challenge to conventional wisdom." Richard B. Stewart, School of Law, Center on Environment and Land Use Law, New York University "This engaging book brings environmental policy analysis alive with personal experiences pithy examples, and human interest stories. It challenges blithe acceptance of the status quo." Terry L. Anderson, executive director, PERC, and senior fellow, Hoover Institution.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Notes on Contributors. Acknowledgements
• 1. The Idiom of Co-production
• 2. Ordering Knowledge, Ordering Society
• 3. Climate Science and the Making of a Global Political Order
• 4. Co-producing CITES and the African Elephant
• 5. Knowledge and Political Order in the European Environment Agency
• 6. Plants, Power and Development: Founding the Imperial Department of Agriculture for the West Indies, 1880-1914
• 7. Mapping Systems and Moral Order: Constituting Property in Genome Laboratories
• 8. Patients and Scientists in French Muscular Dystrophy Research
• 9. Circumscribing Expertise: Membership Categories in Courtroom Testimony
• 10. The Science of Merit and the Merit of Science: Mental Order and Social Order in Early Twentieth-Century France and America
• 11. Mysteries of State, Mysteries of Nature: Authority, Knowledge and Expertise in the Seventeenth Century
• 12. Reconstructing Sociotechnical Order: Vannevar Bush and US Science Policy
• 13. Science and the Political Imagination in Contemporary Democracies
• 14. Afterword. References. Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Notes on contributors Acknowledgements 1. The Idiom of Co-production Sheila Jasanoff 2. Ordering Knowledge, Ordering Society Sheila Jasanoff 3. Climate Science and the Making of a Global Political Order Clark A. Miller 4. Co-producing CITES and the African Elephant Charis Thompson 5. Knowledge and Political Order in the European Environment Agency Claire Waterton and Brian Wynne 6. Plants, Power and Development: Founding the Imperial Department of Agriculture for the West Indies, 1880-1914 William K. Storey 7. Mapping Systems and Moral Order: Constituting property in genome laboratories Stephen Hilgartner 8. Patients and Scientists in French Muscular Dystrophy Research Vololona Rabeharisoa and Michel Callon 9. Circumscribing Expertise: Membership categories in courtroom testimony Michael Lynch 10. The Science of Merit and the Merit of Science: Mental order and social order in early twentieth-century France and America John Carson 11. Mysteries of State, Mysteries of Nature: Authority, knowledge and expertise in the seventeenth century Peter Dear 12. Reconstructing Sociotechnical Order: Vannevar Bush and US science policy Michael Aaron Dennis 13. Science and the Political Imagination in Contemporary Democracies Yaron Ezrah 14. Afterword Sheila Jasanoff References Index.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Science, risks, and politics / Michael Gough
• Harmful politicization of science / William Happer
• The corrosive effects of politicized regulation of science and technology / Henry I. Miller
• Science and public policy / Joseph P. Martino
• Endocrine disrupters / Stephen Safe
• Cancer prevention and the environmental chemical distraction / Bruce Ames and Lois Swirsky Gold
• Nuclear power / Bernard L. Cohen
• Science or political science? An assessment of U.S. National Assessment of the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change / Patrick J. Michaels
• The political science of agent orange and dioxin / Michael Gough
• Science and politics in the regulation of chemicals in Sweden / Robert Nilsson
• How precaution kills: the demise of DDT and the resurgence of malaria / Roger Bate
• The Revelle-Gore story: attempted political suppression of science / S. Fred Singer.

Politics and science make strange bedfellows. In politics, perceptions are reality and facts are negotiable. The competing interests, conflicting objectives, and trade-offs of political negotiations often lend themselves to bending the truth and selectively interpreting facts to shape outcomes. In science, facts are reality. This collection examines the conflicts that arise when politics and science converge. In Politicizing Science: The Alchemy of Policymaking, eleven leading scientists describe the politicization - through misapplication or overemphasis of results that favor a political decision or through outright manipulation - of scientific findings and deliberations to advance policy agendas. They show how the consequences of politicization are inflicted on the public, including the diversion of money and research efforts from worthwhile scientific endeavors, the costs of unnecessary regulations, and the losses of useful products - while increased power and prestige flow to those who manipulate science. The authors of three essays describe government diversions of scientific research and the interpretation of scientific findings away from where the evidence leads and toward directions deemed politically desirable. Three more contributions analyze the expensive and extensive efforts devoted to altering images of risk in order to establish linkages in the public's mind between deleterious human health effects and various areas of scientific research. Two essays examine the workings and results of consensus advisory panels and conclude that their recommendations are often based on far-from-certain science and driven by social and political dynamics that substitute group cohesion in favor of independent, critical thinking. Authors of two essays describe the unfortunate results of application of the 'precautionary principle, ' which generally requires proof of no risk before a new product is introduced or an existing product can be continued in use. A concluding essay describes the personal costs of opposing the politicization of science.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 Front Matter-- 2 1 Introduction-- 3 2 Summary of Suggestions-- 4 3 Public Policy Information Needs-- 5 4 Need for a Conceptual Framework-- 6 5 Improving Information on Industrial R&D-- 7 6 Measuring Outputs and Outcomes of Innovation-- 8 7 Innovation Surveys-- 9 8 Public-Private Partnerships for Science and Technology Data-- 10 9 Innovation in the Service Sector and Information Technology-- 11 10 Internationalization of Innovative Activity-- 12 11 Cross-Cutting Data Issues-- 13 Notes-- 14 References-- 15 Appendix A: Workshop Program-- 16 Appendix B: List of Registered Participants.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Workshop participants offered a variety of suggestions to the National Science Foundation (NSF) and other federal agencies to improve the usefulness and relevance of data on industrial research and innovation, as well as to increase efficiency in collecting and processing the data. The suggestions dealt with the need to (1) clarify policy information needs; (2) improve the quality, coverage, and collection of existing data items; and (3) identify and collect new types of data.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)