• Foreword vii Preface xix Illustrations xxi Abbreviations xxiii Introduction: The Idea in the Image
• Chapter 1: The Context Religion and "Realpolitik" Byzantine Style
• 7
• Chapter 2: Graven Images The Ambiguity of the Iconographic Tradition
• 41
• Chapter 3: Divinity Made Human Aesthetic Implications of the Incarnation
• 67
• Chapter 4: The Senses Sanctified The Rehabilitation of the Visual
• 99
• Chapter 5: Humanity Made Divine Mary the Mother of God
• 121
• Chapter 6: The Great Chain of Images A Cosmology of Icons
• 153 Bibliography
• 183 Index 194.
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In 726 the Byzantine emperor, Leo III, issued an edict that all religious images in the empire were to be destroyed, a directive that was later endorsed by a synod of the Church in 753 under his son, Constantine V. If the policy of Iconoclasm had succeeded, the entire history of Christian art--and of the Christian church, at least in the East--would have been altered. Iconoclasm was defeated--by Byzantine politics, by popular revolts, by monastic piety, and, most fundamentally of all, by theology, just as it had been theology that the opponents of images had used to justify their actions. Analyzing an intriguing chapter in the history of ideas, the renowned scholar Jaroslav Pelikan shows how a faith that began by attacking the worship of images ended first in permitting and then in commanding it. Pelikan charts the theological defense of icons during the Iconoclastic controversies of the eighth and ninth centuries, whose high point came in A.D. 787, when the Second Council of Nicaea restored the cult of images in the church. He demonstrates how the dogmas of the Trinity and the Incarnation eventually provided the basic rationale for images: because the invisible God had become human and therefore personally visible in Jesus Christ, it became permissible to make images of that Image. And because not only the human nature of Christ, but that of his Mother had been transformed by the Incarnation, she, too, could be "iconized, " together with all the other saints and angels. The iconographic "text" of the book is provided by one of the very few surviving icons from the period before Iconoclasm, the Egyptian tapestry Icon of the Virgin now in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Other icons serve to illustrate the theological argument, just as the theological argument serves to explain the icons. In a new foreword, Judith Herrin discusses the enduring importance of the book, provides a brief biography of Pelikan, and discusses how later scholars have built on his work.
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"The SCM Theological Commentary Series on the Bible" is a groundbreaking series that recovers classical theological commentary for the 21st century church. The commentaries presuppose the doctrinal tradition of the Christian church as a living and reliable basis for exegesis and are born out of the conviction that dogma clarifies rather than obscures. All 40 volumes will be authored by scholars whose primary expertise is systematic, historical or moral theology. The series is intended for those working in the ministry as well as academics, providing them with guidance in reading the Bible under the rule of the Christian faith. Leaders of the classical church -Augustine, Aquinas, Calvin - read and interpreted the Bible theologically. They were convinced that the Bible witnesses to the gospel of Jesus Christ, and they assumed that the doctrinal tradition of the church can serve as a living and reliable guide for exegesis. This series begins the recovery of such practice by enlisting leading theologians to read and interpret scripture for the 21st century, just as the church fathers, the Reformers, and other orthodox Christians did.
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• Mary and Israel / David Flusser
• The Jewish atmosphere
• Mary and Jewish martyrdom
• The life of Mary
• Pictorial section
• The background, birth, and childhood of Mary
• Mary as a Temple Virgin, the betrothal, the beginning of her motherhood
• The birth of the Lord
• The childhood of Jesus
• From the wedding in Cana to the Resurrection
• From the ascension of Christ to the crowning of Mary
• Mary : exemplar of the development of Christian doctrine / Jaroslav Pelikan
• Authentication of the true humanity of Jesus
• Virgin mother
• Theotokos
• Semper Virgo
• Immaculata
• Assumpta
• Mary in the life of the Catholic Church / Justin Lang
• Those who love always exaggerate
• Blessing of heaven and earth
• Contours of the doctrinal formulation
• "... and splendidly the air"
• Sing and proclaim all days
• In a thousand images.

No book has been more pored over, has been the subject of more commentary and controversy, or had more influence not only on our religious beliefs but also on our culture and language than the Bible. And certainly no book has been as widely read. But how did the Bible become the book we know it to be? In this superbly written history, Jaroslav Pelikan takes the reader through the good bookas evolution from its earliest incarnation as oral tales to its modern existence in various iterations, translations, and languages. From the earliest Hebrew texts and the Bibleas appearance in Greek, then Latin, Pelikan explores the canonization of different Bibles and why certain books were adopted by certain religions and sects, as well as the development of the printing press, the translation into modern languages, and varying schools of critical scholarship. Both an enduring work of scholarship and a fascinating read, "Whose Bible Is It?" will be eagerly welcomed by the many fans of Elaine Pagelsas books and Adam Nicolsonas "Godas Secretaries, ".
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Both the Bible and the Constitution have the status of "Great Code", but each of these important texts is controversial as well as enigmatic. They are asked to speak to situations that their authors could not have anticipated on their own. In this book, one of our greatest religious historians brings his vast knowledge of the history of biblical interpretation to bear on the question of constitutional interpretation. Jaroslav Pelikan compares the methods by which the official interpreters of the Bible and the Constitution - the Christian Church and the Supreme Court, respectively - have approached the necessity of interpreting, and reinterpreting, their important texts. In spite of obvious differences, both texts require close, word-by-word exegesis, an awareness of opinions that have gone before, and a willingness to ask new questions of old codes, Pelikan observes. He probes for answers to the question of what makes something authentically "constitutional" or "biblical", and he demonstrates how an understanding of either biblical interpretation or constitutional interpretation can illuminate the other in important ways.
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• Normative scripture : Christian and American
• Cruxes of interpretation in the Bible and in the constitution
• The Sensus literalis and the quest for original intent
• Development of doctrine : patterns and criteria.

Both the Bible and the Constitution have the status of "Great Code, " but each of these important texts is controversial as well as enigmatic. They are asked to speak to situations that their authors could not have anticipated on their own. In this book, one of our greatest religious historians brings his vast knowledge of the history of biblical interpretation to bear on the question of constitutional interpretation. Jaroslav Pelikan compares the methods by which the official interpreters of the Bible and the Constitution--the Christian Church and the Supreme Court, respectively--have approached the necessity of interpreting, and reinterpreting, their important texts. In spite of obvious differences, both texts require close, word-by-word exegesis, an awareness of opinions that have gone before, and a willingness to ask new questions of old codes, Pelikan observes. He probes for answers to the question of what makes something authentically "constitutional" or "biblical, " and he demonstrates how an understanding of either biblical interpretation or constitutional interpretation can illuminate the other in important ways.

The Virgin Mary has been an inspiration to more people than any other woman who ever lived. For Catholics, Protestants, Jews, and Muslims, for artists, musicians, and writers, and for women and men everywhere she has shown many faces and personified a variety of virtues. In this book, a scholar who is the author of numerous books - including the best-selling "Jesus Through the Centuries" - tells how Mary has been depicted and venerated through the ages. Jaroslav Pelikan examines the biblical portrait of Mary, analysing both the New and Old Testaments to see how the bits of information provided about her were expanded into a full-blown Mariology. He explores the view of Mary in late antiquity, where the differences between Mary, the mother of Christ, and Eve, the "mother of all living", provided positive and negative symbols of women. He discusses how the Eastern church commemorated Mary and how she was portrayed in the Holy Qur'an of Islam. He explains how the paradox of Mary as Virgin Mother shaped the paradoxical Catholic view of sexuality and how Reformation rejection of the worship of Mary allowed her to be a model of faith for Protestants. He considers also her role in political and social history. He analyses the place of Mary in literature - from Dante, Spenser, and Milton to Wordsworth, George Eliot, and Goethe - as well as in music and art, and he describes the miraculous apparitions of Mary that have been experienced by the common people. Was Mary human or divine? Should she be revered for her humility or her strength? What is her place in heaven? Whatever our answers to these questions, Mary remains a symbol of hope and solace, a woman, says Pelikan, for all seasons and all reasons.
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The Virgin Mary has been a figure of inspiration to Catholics, Protestants, Jews and Muslims, artists, musicians, writers, and men and women everywhere. This text examines how Mary has been depicted and venerated through the ages.
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It is equally true that the Reformation was inspired and defined by the Bible and that the Bible was reshaped by the intellectual, political and cultural forces of the Reformation. This work explores the level of influence each had upon the other.
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Reflecting on Goethe's statement that he was a pantheist in science, a polytheist in art and a monotheist in ethics, Pelikan analyzes Goethe's character "Faust" and his development as a theologian. Pelikan is the author of "The Christian Tradition" and "Through the Centuries".
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• In dialogue with John Henry Newman-- the storm breaking upon the university-- purshing things up to their first principle-- knowledge its own end?-- the imperial intellect and its virtues-- the mansion-house of the goodly family of the sciences-- the business of a university-- the advancement of knowledge through research-- the extension of knowledge through teaching-- knowledge viewed in relation to professional skill-- the embalming of dead genius?-- the diffusion of knowledge through publishing-- duties to society-- the university as ground of promise in the future-- the university and the spread of revolutionary doctrines-- the task of initiating a work of self-reformation-- bodily exercises which are liberal? - the university as impresario-- alma mater - a life of learning.
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The crisis in university education has been the subject of vigorous debate. In this book, the author reflects on the character and aims of the university, assessing its guiding principles, its practical functions, and its role in society. Jaroslav Pelikan provides a perspective on the university today by re-examining it in light of Cardinal John Henry Newman's 150-year-old classic. "The Idea of a University" and showing how Cardinal Newman's ideas both illuminate and differ from current problems facing higher education. Pelikan begins by affirming the validity of Newman's first principle; that knowledge must be an end in itself. He goes on to make the case for the inseparability of research and teaching on both intellectual and practical grounds, stressing the virtues - free inquiry, scholarly honesty, civility in discourse, toleration of diverse beliefs and values, and trust in rationality and public verifiability - that must be practised and taught by the university. He discusses the business of the university - the advancement of knowledge through research, the extension and interpretation of knowledge through undergraduate and graduate teaching, the preservation of knowledge in libraries, museums, and galleries, and the diffusion of knowledge through scholarly publishing. He argues that by performing these tasks, by developing closer ties with other schools at all levels, and by involving the community in lifelong education, the university will make its greatest contribution to society.
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Three Theological Allegories in Dante's Paradiso.
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