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• Contents: Christopher Bonfield: Therapeutic Regimes for Bodily Health in Medieval English Hospitals - Fritz Dross: Their Daily Bread: Managing Hospital Finances in Early Modern Germany - Sharon T. Strocchia: Caring for the 'Incurable' in Renaissance Pox Hospitals - Jon Arrizabalaga: Medical Theory and Surgical Practice: Coping with the French Disease in Early Renaissance Portugal and Spain - Laurinda Abreu: Training Health Professionals at the Hospital de Todos os Santos (Lisbon) 1500-1800 - Elisabeth Belmas: Patient Care at the Hotel Royal des Invalides, Paris, 1670-1791 - Anne Lokke: Conspicuous Consumption: The Royal Lying-in Hospital in Copenhagen in the late Eighteenth Century - John Chircop: Management and Therapeutic Regimes in Two Lunatic Asylums in Corfu and Malta, 1837-1870 - Andrea Tanner/Sue Hawkins: Myth, Marketing and Medicine: Life in British Children's Hospitals 1850-1914 - Stephen C. Kenny: Slavery, Southern Medicine and the American Slave Hospital Regime, 1830-1860 - David Theodore: 'The Fattest Possible Nurse': Architecture, Computers, and Post-war Nursing - Sally Sheard: Getting Better, Faster: Convalescence and Length of Stay in British and US Hospitals.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This edited volume originates in the 2011 conference of the International Network for the History of Hospitals, held in Lisbon and Evora, Portugal. It focuses on how institutions for the care and cure of the sick have organised their activities at every level, from the delegation of medical treatments between groups of practitioners, to the provision of food and supplies and the impact of convalescence on lengths of hospital stays. It draws on new European and North American research which highlights an area of medical history that has not yet had adequate, sustained attention, discussing the tensions between theory and practice and between patients and practitioners. Through detailed case studies and comparative analyses it explores the changing and evolving understanding of the function of hospitals, and their wider relationships with their communities.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface - Charlotte Roberts
• 1. Introduction William Southwell-Wright, Rebecca Gowland and Lindsay Powell
• Section 1: Care and the Life Course
• 2. Childcare in the Past Mary Lewis
• 3. The "Terrible Tyranny of the Majority": Recognising Population Variability and Individual Agency in Past Infant Feeding Practices Ellen Kendall
• 4.-Precious Things: Examining the Status and Care of Children in Late Medieval England Through the analysis of Cultural and Biological Markers Heidi Dawson
• 5. "That Tattered Coat Upon a Stick the Ageing Body": Evidence for Elder Marginalisation and Abuse in Roman Britain Rebecca L. Gowland
• Section 2: Care Impairment and Disability
• 6. The Palaeolithic Compassion Debate - Alternative Projections of Modern Day Disability into the Distant Past Nick Thorpe
• 7. Setting the Scene for an Evolutionary Approach to Care in Prehistory: A Historical and Philosophical Journey David Doat
• 8. "A Long Waiting for Death": Dependency and the Care of the Disabled in a Nineteenth Century Asylum Shawn Phillips
• 9 Prayers and Poultices: Medieval Health Care at the Isle of May, Scotland. C. AD 430-1580 Marlo Willows
• Section 3: Animal and Plant Evidence for Care
• 10. Towards a Zooarchaeology of Animal `Care' Richard Thomas
• 11. Rare Secrets of Physicke: Insect Medicaments in Historical Western Society Gary King
• 12. Conclusion Lindsay Powell, William Southwell-Wright, Rebecca Gowland.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Care-giving is an activity that has been practiced by all human societies. From the earliest societies through to the present, all humans have faced choices regarding how people in positions of dependency are to be treated. As such, care-giving, and the form it takes, is a central experience of being a human and one that is culturally mediated. Archaeology has tended to marginalise the study of care, and debates surrounding our ability to recognise it within the archaeological record have often remained implicit rather than a focus of discussion. In order to address this, the 12 papers in this volume bring together archaeological, historical, and philosophical perspectives to examine the topic of care in past societies, and how we might recognise the provision of care in archaeological contexts. The topic of care is examined through three different strands: care throughout the life course, namely that provided to the youngest and oldest members of society; care-giving and attitudes towards impairment and disability; and the role of animals as both recipients of care and as tools for its provision.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Author's Note Introduction
• 1.
• 1992: Beginning
• 2.
• 1992: So Much to Learn
• 3.
• 1992: No Easy Answers and Little to Offer
• 4.
• 1994: Too Many Drugs, No Medication
• 5.
• 1994: Being Mindful of the Subtext
• 6.
• 1994: Weekend on Call
• 7.
• 1994: Christmas
• 8.
• 1995: Another Support Group
• 9.
• 1995: Mothers and Children
• 10.
• 1995: Decisions and Revisions
• 11.
• 1995: Colleagues and Families
• 12.
• 1995: So Many Stories and Some New Faces
• 13.
• 1996: Some Hope in the Despair
• 14.
• 1996: Hit Early, Hit Hard
• 15.
• 1997: Amazing Changes
• 16.
• 1999: Despite Our Best Intentions
• 17.
• 1999: Coping with a Different Paradigm
• 18.
• 2000: Going Home Epilogue.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

"I am an AIDS doctor. When I began that work in 1992, we knew what caused AIDS, how it spread, and how to avoid getting it, but we didn't know how to treat it or how to prevent our patients' seemingly inevitable progression toward death. The stigma that surrounded AIDS patients from the very beginning of the epidemic in the early 1980s continued to be harsh and isolating. People looked askance at me: What was it like to work in that kind of environment with those kinds of people? My patients are 'those kinds of people.' They are an array and a combination of brave, depraved, strong, entitled, admirable, self-centered, amazing, strange, funny, daring, gifted, exasperating, wonderful, and sad. And more. At my clinic most of the patients are indigent and few have had an education beyond high school, if that. Many are gay men and many of the patients use or have used drugs. They all have HIV, and in the early days far too many of them died. Every day they brought us the stories of their lives. We listened to them and we took care of them as best we could."-from the IntroductionIn 1992, Dr. Susan C. Ball began her medical career taking care of patients with HIV in the Center for Special Studies, a designated AIDS care center at a large academic medical center in New York City. Her unsentimental but moving memoir of her experiences bridges two distinct periods in the history of the epidemic: the terrifying early years in which a diagnosis was a death sentence and ignorance too often eclipsed compassion, and the introduction of antiviral therapies that transformed AIDS into a chronic, though potentially manageable, disease. Voices in the Band also provides a new perspective on how we understand disease and its treatment within the context of teamwork among medical personnel, government agencies and other sources of support, and patients.Deftly bringing back both the fear and confusion that surrounded the disease in the early 1990s and the guarded hope that emerged at the end of the decade, Dr. Ball effectively portrays the grief and isolation felt by both the patients and those who cared for them using a sharp eye for detail and sensitivity to each patient's story. She also recounts the friendships, humor, and camaraderie that she and her colleagues shared working together to provide the best care possible, despite repeated frustrations and setbacks. As Dr. Ball and the team at CSS struggled to care for an underserved population even after game-changing medication was available, it became clear to them that medicine alone could not ensure a transition from illness to health when patients were suffering from terrible circumstances as well as a terrible disease.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Prologue: case study
• 1. The philosopher's idiot
• 2. Mongols in our midst
• 3. The Simian Crease
• 4. Trisomie vingt-et-un
• 5. Into the mainstream
• Epilogue
• Glossary
• Notes
• Further reading.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

For 150 years, Down's Syndrome has constituted the archetypal mental disability, easily recognisable by distinct facial anomalies and physical stigmata. In a narrow medical sense, Down's syndrome is a common disorder caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome. It is named after John Langdon Down, the British asylum medical superintendent who described the syndrome as Mongolism in a series of lectures in 1866. In 1959, the disorder was identified as a chromosome 21 trisomy by the French paediatrician and geneticist Jerome Lejeune and has since been known as Down's Syndrome (in the English-speaking world) or Trisomy 21 (in many European countries). But children and adults born with this chromosomal abnormality have an important collective history beyond their evident importance to the history of medical science. David Wright, a Professor in the History of Medicine at McMaster University, looks at the care and treatment of Down's sufferers - described for much of history as 'idiots', - from Medieval Europe to the present day. The discovery of the genetic basis of the condition and the profound changes in attitudes, care, and early identification of Down's in the genetic era, reflects the fascinating medical and social history of the disorder.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Medical practice in Massachusetts
• Self-medication in the nineteenth century
• Money and medicine
• Patient expectations and religious beliefs
• Medicine and malpractice.

• 1 Wilder Penfield: His Journey to Montreal / William Feindel and Elizabeth Maloney
• 2 Towards a New Venture / William Feindel and Elizabeth Maloney
• Part One The Sub-Department of Neurosurgery at the Royal Victoria Hospital, 1928-1933
• 3 Otfrid Foerster and the Surgical Treatment of Epilepsy
• 4 The Royal Victoria Hospital
• 5 The First Research Program at the Royal Victoria Hospital: A Vasomotor Mechanism of Focal Epilepsy.

• Part Two The First Director, 1934-1959. 6 The Founding of the Montreal Neurological Institute
• 7 The First Year and the Second
• 8 Elvidge, McNaughton, and Jasper
• 9 Rumours of War
• 10 "Cry 'Havoc' and let slip the dogs of war"
• 11 Home Front
• 12 Life at the Institute
• 13 Valour
• 14 The Postwar Period
• 15 The Cerebral Cortex of Man
• 16 Incisural Sclerosis
• 17 Bridging Two Solitudes
• 18 The New Half-Century
• 19 The MNI and the National Institutes of Health
• 20 The McConnell Wing
• 21 William Feindel's Departure
• 22 Neuropsychology at the MNI
• 23 A Tribute to William Cone
• 24 Melancholia: 4 May 1959.

• Part Three The Second Director, 1960-1972. 25 Twenty-Five Years on University Street
• 26 Theodore Rasmussen
• 27 Penfield in Russia
• 28 Penfield in China
• 29 Red Cerebral Veins
• 30 Herbert Jasper's Departure
• 31 A Rainbow of African Violets.

• Part Four The Third Director, 1972-1984. 32 A Fair Trial Followed by a Hanging
• 33 Ars Longa
• 34 Vita Brevis, 5 April 1976
• 35 The Third Foundation
• 36 The Last Half-Decade
• Epilogue: The Boy from Bridgewater.

• Themes. 1 Building the Institute / Annmarie Adams and William Feindel
• 2 Neurochemistry at the MNI / Hanna M. Pappius
• 3 Multiple Sclerosis: Care and Research at the MNI / Jack Antel and William Sheremata
• 4 William Howard Feindel and the Origins of Neurosurgery in Saskatchewan / Martha Riesberry
• Appendices.
• Appendix 1 Japanese Chapter of the MNI, 1955-1984
• Appendix 2 Fellows Day Lecturers, 1957-1984
• Appendix 3 Hughlings Jackson Lecturers, 1935-1984.

In 1934 Wilder Penfield's vision of an establishment dedicated to the relief of sickness and pain and the study of neurology led to the creation of the Montreal Neurological Institute. Setting the standard for neurological research and care for patients disabled by neurological illnesses, Penfield's institute became a beacon of light in a largely unexplored field of medicine. The Wounded Brain Healed describes the pioneering research that took place during the MNI's first fifty years. During the institute's golden age, Penfield and his colleagues designed the EEG test for the study of epileptic patients, discovered some of the causes of epilepsy, and developed new treatments that have since been adopted worldwide. Additionally, they delineated the sensory and motor representation in the cerebral cortex and localized the major areas of the brain related to speech. The institute also boasts the discoveries of two types of memory - one serving immediate recall, the other long term - as well as the discovery of the localization of short-term memory to the inner structures of the temporal lobe. Physicians and scientists who trained at the MNI went on to establish renowned neurology and neurosurgery departments throughout Canada, the United States, Europe, Asia, and Latin America. Recounting the story of one of Canada's greatest contributions to international medical science through archival research, personal interviews, photographs, illustrations, and paintings, The Wounded Brain Healed provides fascinating insight into the institution that had a global and lasting impact.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: Saving Lives in the Context of Disease, Poverty and War
• 1. Epidemics, Wars and Public Healthcare Advocacy in Nationalist China
• 2. Advances and Setbacks in Nationalist China's Public Health
• 3. Red Army Health Services in Jiangxi and on the Long March, 1927-1936
• 4. Japanese Invasion, Army Medicine, and the Chinese Red Cross Medical Relief Corps, 1937-1942
• 5. How Rigidity, Disease and Hunger Undermined the Best Efforts of Nationalist China's Military Medical Reformers
• 6. Public Health Work amid the Turmoil of War, 1938-49
• 7. Yan'an's Health Services under Mao Zedong's Leadership, 1937-1945
• 8. Saving Lives in Wartime China: Why It Mattered.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

In the 1920s and 1930s most Chinese people suffered from overwhelming health problems. Epidemic diseases killed tens of millions, drought, flood and famine killed many more, and unhygienic birthing led to serious maternal and child mortality. The Civil War between Nationalist and Communist forces, and the nationwide War of Resistance against Japan (1937-1945), imposed a further tide of misery. Troubled by this extensive trauma, a small number of healthcare reformers were able to save tens of thousands of lives, promote hygiene and sanitation, and begin to bring battlefield casualties, communicable diseases, and maternal child mortality under control. This study shows how biomedical physicians and public health practitioners were major contributors to the rise of modern China.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Prologue: case study
• 1. The philosopher's idiot
• 2. Mongols in our midst
• 3. The Simian Crease
• 4. Trisomie vingt-et-un
• 5. Into the mainstream
• Epilogue
• Glossary
• Notes
• Further reading.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

For 150 years, Down's Syndrome has constituted the archetypal mental disability, easily recognisable by distinct facial anomalies and physical stigmata. In a narrow medical sense, Down's syndrome is a common disorder caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome. It is named after John Langdon Down, the British asylum medical superintendent who described the syndrome as Mongolism in a series of lectures in 1866. In 1959, the disorder was identified as a chromosome 21 trisomy by the French paediatrician and geneticist Jerome Lejeune and has since been known as Down's Syndrome (in the English-speaking world) or Trisomy 21 (in many European countries). But children and adults born with this chromosomal abnormality have an important collective history beyond their evident importance to the history of medical science. David Wright, a Professor in the History of Medicine at McMaster University, looks at the care and treatment of Down's sufferers - described for much of history as 'idiots', - from Medieval Europe to the present day. The discovery of the genetic basis of the condition and the profound changes in attitudes, care, and early identification of Down's in the genetic era, reflects the fascinating medical and social history of the disorder.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• On the way up the hill
• A place to start
• A new home
• A new direction
• Children do not belong in psychiatric hospitals!
• A new name
• The evolution of a milieu
• Children's school
• Recreation in the children's unit
• Adolescence
• Teamwork
• Identity
• Post-merger
• A broader view of change
• Addressing the mood in the milieu
• The next generation.

Prior to 1972, visitors to Connecticut state mental hospitals might have noticed a six-year-old chronically depressed girl crouching in the corner of a chaotic cafeteria, or a seven-year-old autistic boy sleeping on a cot next to a seventy-year-old schizophrenic man. Riverview Hospital for Children and Youth tells the story of one of the first milieu based therapeutic hospitals specializing in children's care, located in Middletown, Connecticut. Richard J. Wiseman, its first superintendent, offers his own story and treatment philosophy alongside the voices of the many people who worked tirelessly to free children from an adult mental health facility, and to treat children as children. This important book provides access to decades of experiences, useful tools, and knowledge regarding the treatment of children requiring mental health care. Weaving first-person narrative and interviews with staff, administrators, and patients, Riverview Hospital for Children and Youth testifies to the passion and determination it took to spring children from an adult mental health ward and bring them into a place of their own. A companion ebook comprised of three original staff manuals will also be available.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• List of Illustrations Foreword Dick and Ginny Thornburgh Acknowledgments Introduction Dennis B. Downey and James W. Conroy
• Part 1: Pennhurst in Time and Place
• 1. The Idea of Pennhurst: Eugenics and the Abandonment of Hope Dennis B. Downey
• 2. Living in a World Apart J. Gregory Pirmann
• 3. The Veil of Secrecy: A Legacy of Exploitation and Abuse James W. Conroy and Dennis B. Downey
• Part 2: The Power of Advocacy
• 4. Suffer the Little Children: An Oral Remembrance Bill Baldini
• 5. The Rise of Family and Organizational Advocacy Janet Albert-Herman and Elizabeth Coppola
• 6. From PARC to Pennhurst: The Legal Argument for Equality Judith A. Gran
• 7. The Rise of Self-Advocacy: A Personal Remembrance Mark Friedman and Nancy K. Nowell
• 8. The Pennhurst Longitudinal Study and Public Policy: How We Learned That People Were Better Off James W. Conroy
• Part 3: A View to the Future
• 9. Touring the Ecology of the Abandoned Heath Hofmeister and Chris Peecho Cadwalader
• 10. Preservation: A Case Study of Collective Conscience Nathaniel Guest
• 11. The Final Indignity and the Dawning of Hope Emily Smith Beitiks
• Conclusion Dennis B. Downey and James W. Conroy Timeline of Pennhurst State School and Hospital Suggestions for Further Reading Contributors Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Conceived in the era of eugenics as a solution to what was termed the "problem of the feeble-minded, " state-operated institutions subjected people with intellectual and developmental disabilities to a life of compulsory incarceration. One of nearly 300 such facilities in the United States, Pennhurst State School and Hospital was initially hailed as a "model institution" but was later revealed to be a nightmare, where medical experimentation and physical and psychological abuse were rampant. At its peak, more than 3,500 residents were confined at Pennhurst, supervised by a staff of fewer than 600. Using a blended narrative of essays and first-person accounts, this history of Pennhurst examines the institution from its founding during an age of Progressive reform to its present-day exploitation as a controversial Halloween attraction. In doing so, it traces a decades-long battle to reform the abhorrent school and hospital and reveals its role as a catalyst for the disability rights movement. Beginning in the 1950s, parent-advocates, social workers, and attorneys joined forces to challenge the dehumanizing conditions at Pennhurst. Their groundbreaking advocacy, accelerated in 1968 by the explosive televised expose Suffer the Little Children, laid the foundation for lawsuits that transformed American jurisprudence and ended mass institutionalization in the United States. As a result, Pennhurst became a symbolic force in the disability civil rights movement in America and around the world. Extensively researched and featuring the stories of survivors, parents, and advocates, this compelling history will appeal both to those with connections to Pennhurst and to anyone interested in the history of institutionalization and the disability rights movement.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)