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Nur Jahan was one of the most powerful and influential women in Indian history, and Ellison Findly's biography is an intriguing, elegantly written account of her life and times. It not only revises the legends that portray Nur Jahan as a power-hungry and malicious woman, but also investigates the paths to power available to women in Islam and Hinduism, providing a fascinating picture of life inside the mahal (harem).
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• Preface, Acknowledgements, Abbreviations, AA - The terminology, Introduction, The Beginning in Indian Sub Continent, The Formative Years, The Opposing Forces , The Air Forces, Indian Air Force, Pakistan Air Force, Pakistan AAA, C&R and Radar Setup, The Curtain Raiser, Operation Gibraltar, The September War, Preparatory Stage, Operation Grand Slam, India goes on the Offensive, The PAF air raids, War extends to Sialkot Sector, Slugfest : The Last Week , Ceasefire and After, War in the Other Sectors , The Eastern Theatre, Rajasthan Sector, Comparison between Indian and Pakistan AAA , The Performance of AAA, Fratricide, Defending the Air Bases, In Support of the Ground offensive, Control & Reporting System , Recognizing the, AAA's Effort, Overall Assessment, Epilogue, Appendices, A Indian Air Force - Order of Battle, B Pakistan Air Force- Order of Battle, C Indian AAA Order of Battle 1965, D Pakistan AAA Order of Battle 1965, E Indian Aircraft Losses to AAA, F PAF Losses to AAA, G Gallantry Awards - India, Bibliography, Index.
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The Second India Pakistan War of 1965 ended in a clear victory for India not only thwarted Pakistan's designs of annexing Kashmir but annexed large tract of Pakistani territory and inflicted heavy damage on Pakistani War machine. If there was one aspect in which Pakistan redeemed itself, it was the role played by Pakistan Air Force- a much smaller force taking on a numerically superior IAF. Both Air Forces suffered heavy losses. IAF in terms of number and PAF in terms of higher attrition rate. What is generally ignored and overlooked is that in this war of attrition, AAA played a pivotal role. Of the 43 PAF aircraft lost during the war, 25 were to AAA against 17 shot down in air to air combat by IAF. Similarly, Indian Air Force lost 69 aircraft during the war, of these 35 were lost on ground to PAF air raids. What is of interest is that of the 34 lost in air, 15 aircraft were lost to PAF in air combat and 10 were shot down by Pak AAA. In addition, at least two IAF were lost when they crashed on the way back to base after being hit by Pak AAA ie more than one third of IAF losses were to AAA. This is the story of the unsung heroes of AAA who played a key role in the War of 1965.
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• Introduction
• 1. Architect of development
• 2. The consultant's gaze
• 3. From great plan to great project
• 4. On the road to Islamabad
• 5. Planning the Muslim city of the future
• 6. The consultant under attack
• Conclusion
• Bibliography.
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This is a highly original account of the design and development of Pakistan's capital city; one of the most iconic and ambitious urban reconstruction projects of the twentieth century. Balancing archival research with fresh, theoretical insights, Markus Daechsel surveys the successes and failures of Greek urbanist Constantinos A. Doxiadis's most ambitious endeavour, Islamabad, analysing how the project not only changed the international order, but the way in which the Pakistani state operated in the 1950s and 1960s. In dissecting Doxiadis's fraught encounter with Pakistani policy makers, bureaucrats and ordinary citizens, the book offers an unprecedented account of Islamabad's place in post-war international development. Daechsel provides new insights into this period and explores the history of development as a charged, transnational venture between foreign consultants and donors on the one side and the postcolonial nation state on the other.
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• Introduction
• Roger D. Long
• The Archaeological Heritage of Pakistan: From the Paleolithic to the Indus Civilization
• Jonathan Mark Kenoyer
• 1. The Indo-Gangetic Tradition: Early Historic Chiefdoms and States of the Northern Subcontinent
• Jonathan Mark Kenoyer
• 2. The Advent and Spread of Muslim Rule in South Asia
• Manan Ahmed
• 3. The Delhi and Regional Sultanates
• Emma J. Flatt
• 4. The Mughal Empire
• Avril Powell
• 5. The Era of British Rule
• Marc Jason Gilbert
• 6. Muslim Revival and Freedom Movement
• Sikandar Hayat
• 7. The Pakistan Movement, 1940-1947
• Sarah Ansari
• 8. Founders of Pakistan
• Roger D. Long
• 9. The Democratic Phase, 1947-1958
• Ian Talbot
• 10. The Ayub Khan Era
• Craig Baxter
• 11. Three Turbulent Years:A Re-Appraisal of the Yahya Regime, 1969-197
• Sarmila Bose
• 12. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto: Triumph and Tragedy
• Philip E. Jones
• 13. The Ziaul Haq Era
• Lawrence Ziring
• 14. The Years of a Failed Democratic Transition, 1988-1999
• Mariam Mufti
• 15. Pervez Musharraf: Yet Another Dictator
• Ayesha Siddiqa
• 16. Pakistan's Foreign Policy
• Ijaz Khan
• 17. Pakistan's Economic Development, 1947-2007
• Christopher Candland
• 18. The Social and Cultural History of Pakistan
• Shahnaz Rouse
• Index.
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Although Pakistan may be a new state in an historical context, it possesses an ancient legacy and culture. This volume examines the history of Pakistan from its archaeological heritage and origins in the Islamic civilization in South Asia to its political, economic, and social characteristics since 1947. The dynamics of its volatile history have been conditioned by its chequered constitutional development. It has produced vivid and forceful leaders, both civilian and military, from the Bhuttos-Zulfikar Ali and his daughter Benazir-to the string of military rulers who have governed the country, namely, Ayub Khan, Yahya Khan, Zia ul-Haq, and the last military dictator, Pervez Musharraf. Religious and class differences and regional forces tear at the fabric of the nation and hinder the development of a stable democratic regime. In spite of these persistent retrograde forces, there is a remarkable commitment among the progressives and the educated of the country to move it forward. Pakistan possesses a remarkable history through its interplay of regional and economics forces, through wars and civil wars, through being a 'Front-Line State', and through nuclear confrontations in the form of nuclear tests performed by Pakistan as well as its neighbour India. This volume is a rich and authoritative guide to those turbulent decades as well as to the history of the Indian subcontinent.
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• PREFACE
• CONTRIBUTORS
• NOTE TO THE READER
• MAPS
• SUBJECT INDEX.
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Insofar as history is constantly in the process of being reconfigured in the light of new processes and challenges, any companion to the history of Pakistan cannot but be an ongoing, if not obviously an open-ended, enterprise. The historiography of Pakistan has been missing such a comprehensive survey of not only sixty-four years of the country's existence but also of the movement preceding its creation. Pakistan possesses a rich and varied history considering that it was carved out of the Indian subcontinent, one of the world's oldest civilizations. Hence the prevailing geographical, religious, ethnic, linguistic, and cultural diversities and complexities. The Oxford Companion to Pakistani History has attempted to provide the reader with information on a wide a spectrum of subjects as possible. A wide range of topics have been covered in the volume, from pre-Partition colonial period to post-Partition movements (religious, political, cultural etc.), peoples and places, culture, architecture, politics, military, economics, linguistics, archaeology, judiciary, art, theatre, education, foreign relations, government, media, philanthropy, civil society and several others. This is the first time that all facets of Pakistani history have been covered in one encyclopedic volume. The Companion differs from other encyclopedias in the sense that all entries have been written in an analytical, unbiased style and yet paying the keenest attention to factual details. A system of cross-referencing is available through insertion of asterisks within the text linking the entry to another headword that may appear while reading a particular entry. A subject index along with a few maps are provided at the end of the book. All these steps have been taken to render the Companion as user-friendly as possible.
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• History, Hindus and Hinduism
• Muslim period
• European colonisers
• Sikhism and the Sikhs
• British occupation
• Muslim re-awakening
• Crystallising a dream
• Road to freedom.

• Islamic identity and ethnic tensions
• East Bengal: between Islam and regional identity
• A fruitless search for democracy
• Pakistan and the power game
• Living with India: relations between Pakistan and India
• Islam and foreign policy: Central Asia and the Arab-Persian world
• The country and its people
• Economic development
• Between caste and tribe
• The many faces of Islam
• Islam and politics
• Languages and education
• Conclusion: a country in crisis
• Epilogue: Musharraf and the Islamists: from support to opposition after September 11.

Pakistan, a nation for only 55 years, has had a turbulent history. Ruled by the military for half its existence, it has seen three wars with India and the loss of much of its territory. The combination of political instability, deep-seated economic and social problems, and access to nuclear weapons has made it one of the most strategically sensitive countries in the world. The war in neighbouring Afghanistan has placed it at the very centre of global attention and projected its military ruler, General Pervez Musharraf, onto the world stage. Musharraf has become the first Pakistani leader in 30 years to dare to confront the country's Islamic extremists. But can he succeed in controlling the forces that helped create the Taliban in Afghanistan and fuelled the bitter conflict in Kashmir? Will his army and intelligence agencies be able to tame the radical elements that they created and sustained? In this history of Pakistan from 1947 to the present, Owen Bennett Jones describes the many fault lines in Pakistani society. He assesses the role of the nationalists in the provinces, the feudal landlords in the countryside, and the bureaucratic elite in Islamabad, and analyzes the complex relationships between religion, regional politics, and the armed forces. While most Pakistanis have a moderate, tolerant vision of Islam, he argues, the country's central institutions are so weak that the military regime may prove incapable of rescuing the "failed state" of Pakistan. As a BBC correspondent in Pakistan between 1998 and 2001 Bennett Jones witnessed at first hand many of the events that brought General Musharraf to power. His book contains the first detailed accounts of the 1999 coup, the Kargil conflict, and how Pakistan came to test its nuclear bomb. It should be of interest to anyone who wants to understand a country that was crucial to the expulsion of Soviet forces from Afghanistan in the 1980s and which, after the 11th September 2001 attack, became a key coalition partner in America's "war against terrorism".
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• Part 1 The historical inheritance: Pakistan - land society and economy
• colonial rule, authoritarianism and regional history in North-West India
• the Pakistan Movement - its dynamics and legacies
• picking up the pieces - Pakistan 1947-49. Part 2 The destruction of Pakistan's democracy and unity: the destruction of democracy in Pakistan
• Solon amongst the subalterns
• things fall apart. Part 3 From Bhutto to Zia: people's power - hopes and impediments
• Islam changes everything?. Part 4 Ever decreasing circles - Pakistan politics 1988-97: democracy restored?
• Pakistan politics 1988-93
• democracy in crisis - Pakistan politics 1993-7.
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This study offers a detailed analysis of the problems which have beset Pakistan's nation-building enterprise since its birth in 1947. It explores why authoritarianism has prevailed over attempts to establish democracy and how foundational flaws and socio-political obstacles continue to obstruct the path to representative politics and national integration. In his close reading of government strategies from 1947 to the present, Ian Talbot explores the "second partition" of 1971 (the establishment of Bangladesh), the intricacies Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's fall from power, the Islamic dictatorship of General Zia ul-Haq and the collapse of Benazir Bhutto's two governments, underlining their implications for the country's future and pointing to the key issues which need to be addressed if stability is to be achieved.
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• v. 1. Towards independence: the pre-1947 period
• v. 2. Independence and beyond: the fifty years, 1947-97
• v. 3. Fifty years of Pakistan's independence: a chronology of events, 1947-97.

• Preface. Before the Beginning. The Formation of Pakistan. The Agony of Partition. The Pitfalls of Constitution-Making. The Failure of Conventional Politics. The Coming of Martial Law. The Ayub Khan Era. The Dismemberment of Pakistan. The Bhutto Legacy. The Ziaul Haq Deacde. Democracy Revisited. The End and the Beginning. The Meaning of History. Publications Cited and Consulted. Index.
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In the 1960s when Pakistan opted for a private sector led development strategy, the country seemed on the verge of a breakthrough. Today, 30 years on the economic picture is bleak. In many ways the country is worse off than it was in the 1960s. The 50th year of Pakistan's independence is a good time to reflect on what went wrong. Why did Pakistan fail to join the rank of Asian "tigers"? This book is intended for economists, social scientists, policy planners.
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• Birth: August 14, 1947
• political development: continuing search for stability
• economic development: an emerging middle-income country
• social development: missed opportunities
• the nation's foreign relations
• the future.
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081333621x Pakistan : Fifty Years of Nationhood, Third Edition.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
Pakistan came into being as the result of a movement that sought to establish a separate national identity for the Muslims of British India. This introduction to Pakistan's political, economic and social develpment includes an analysis of Benazir Bhutto and her downfall, as well as an examination of the general status of women in this predominantly Moslem culture. The author assesses the implications of the October 1990 elections - in which Bhutto was resoundingly defeated - and weighs the problems facing the new leadership as the search for stability continues.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)