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• 1. Introduction
• 2. Interpretations of Irish social partnership
• 3. Associations, movements, governance and power
• 4. A case study: rationale, scope and key concepts
• 5. The Community and Voluntary Pillar: an overview
• 6. Reversal of fortune: the Irish National Organisation of the Unemployed
• 7. Community or demos? The Community Workers' Co-operative
• 8. Superior tactics? The Conference of Religious in Ireland (Justice Commission)
• 9. Multi-tasking: the National Women's Council of Ireland
• 10. Asymmetric engagement Appendices References Index
• .
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book focuses on one of the most innovative aspects of Irish social partnership, the Community and Voluntary Pillar. It is the most thorough account of the dynamics of the Pillar to date and tackles the weaknesses in existing perspectives. Through the lens of asymmetric engagement, Larragy captures the elusive ways in which small organisations may achieve some real change, suffer setbacks and periods in the doldrums, and still come back for more. Against the warp and weft of broader political and economic dynamics, and shifts in the political sentiment of the demos, the book identifies windows of opportunity for organisations acting as policy entrepreneurs. This volume will address a key gap in the literature on Irish political studies, governance institutions and social policy. Written in a clear and lively style, this is a wonderful resource and should be an essential text for students. -- .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Stalemate in legislative politics
• Unintended consequences of constitutional design
• Measuring the frequency of stalemate
• Institutional and electoral sources of stalemate
• What drives legislative action?
• Consequences of stalemate.

Gridlock is not a modern legislative condition. Although the term is said to have entered the American political lexicon after the 1980 elections, Alexander Hamilton complained about it more than two hundred years ago. In many ways, stalemate seems endemic to American politics. Constitutional skeptics even suggest that the framers intentionally designed the Constitution to guarantee gridlock. In Stalemate, Sarah Binder examines the causes and consequences of gridlock, focusing on the ability of Congress to broach and secure policy compromise on significant national issues. Reviewing more than fifty years of legislative history, Binder measures the frequency of deadlock during that time and offers concrete advice for policymakers interested in improving the institutional capacity of Congress. Binder begins by revisiting the notion of "framers' intent, " investigating whether gridlock was the preferred outcome of those who designed the American system of separated powers. Her research suggests that frequent policy gridlock might instead be an unintended consequence of constitutional design. Next, she explores the ways in which elections and institutions together shape the capacity of Congress and the president to make public law. She examines two facets of its institutional evolution: the emergence of the Senate as a coequal legislative partner of the House and the insertion of political parties into a legislative arena originally devoid of parties. Finally, she offers a new empirical approach for testing accounts of policy stalemate during the decades since World War II. These measurements reveal patterns in legislative performance during the second half of the twentieth century, showing the frequency of policy deadlock and the legislative stages at which it has most often emerged in the postwar period. Binder uses the new measure of stalemate to explain empirical patterns in the frequency of gridlock. The results weave together the effects of institutions and elections and place in perspective the impact of divided government on legislative performance. The conclusion addresses the consequences of legislative stalemate, assessing whether and to what degree deadlock might affect electoral fortunes, political ambitions, and institutional reputations of legislators and presidents. The results suggest that recurring episodes of stalemate pose a dilemma for legislators and others who care about the institutional standing and capacity of Congress. Binder encourages scholars, political observers, and lawmakers to consider modest reforms that could have strong and salutary effects on the institutional standing and legitimacy of Congress and the president.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Authoritarian governance in Syria and Iran : challenged, reconfiguring and resilient / Steven Heydemann and Reinoud Leenders
• The economics of authoritarian upgrading in Syria : liberalization and the reconfiguration of economic networks / Caroline Donati
• A martyrs' welfare state and its contradictions : regime resilience and limits through the lens of social policy in Iran / Kevan Harris
• The state management of religion in Syria : the end of "indirect rule"? / Thomas Pierret
• Islamic social movements and the Syrian authoritarian regime : shifting patterns of control and accommodation / Teije Hidde Donker
• Contesting governance : authority, protest, and rights talk in postrepublican Iran / Arzoo Osanloo
• Who laughs last : literary transformations of Syrian authoritarianism / Max Weiss
• Prosecuting political dissent : courts and the resilience of authoritarianism in Syria / Reinoud Leenders
• Democratic struggles and authoritarian responses in Iran in comparative perspective / Güneş Murat Tezcür
• Authoritarian resilience and international linkages in Iran and Syria / Anush Ehteshami, Raymond Hinnebusch, Heidi Huuhtanen, Paola Raunio, Maaike Warnaar, and Tina Zintl.

The developments of early 2011 have left the political landscape of the Middle East changed but recognizable. Even as urgent struggles continue, it remains clear that authoritarianism will survive this transformational moment. The study of authoritarian governance, therefore, remains essential for our understanding of the political dynamics and inner workings of regimes across the region. The contributors to this volume consider the Syrian and Iranian regimes-what they share in common and what distinguishes them. Too frequently, authoritarianism has been assumed to be a generic des.

• Introduction: the campaign for term limits
• Change comes to the Florida legislature
• Electoral competition and the new incumbency advantage
• A different breed of Florida legislators
• Political career paths of term limited legislators
• The race for leadership
• Loss of institutional memory and the business of the legislature
• Filling the void: governors, staff, and lobbyists
• Term limits and the future of the Florida legislature.

In 1992, Florida voters approved an amendment to the state's Constitution creating eight-year term limits for legislators-making Florida the second-largest state, after California, to implement such a law. Eight years later, sixty-eight term-limited senators and representatives were forced to retire, and the state saw the highest number of freshman legislators since the first legislative session in 1845. Proponents view term limits as part of a battle against the rising political class and argue that limits will foster a more honest and creative body with ideal "citizen" legislators. However, in this comprehensive twenty-year study, the first of its kind to examine the effects of term limits in Florida, Kathryn DePalo shows nothing could be further from the truth. Instead, these limits created a more powerful governor, legislative staffers, and lobbyists. Because incumbency is now certain, leadership races-especially for Speaker-are sometimes completed before members have even cast a single vote. Furthermore, legislators rarely leave public office; they simply return to local offices, where they continue to exert influence. The Failure of Term Limits in Florida is a tour de force examination of the unintended and surprising consequences of the new incumbency advantage in the Sunshine State.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction : prostitution, gender, and the state in early twentieth-century China
• The origins of China's prostitution regulation regime
• Hangzhou : the light regulatory approach
• Guangzhou : revenue-intensive prostitution regulation
• Kunming : coercion-intensive prostitution regulation
• The jiliangsuo : prostitute rescue institutions
• Epilogue : the regulation of prostitution in the twenty-first century.

In the early decades of the twentieth century, prostitution was one of only a few fates available to women and girls besides wife, servant, or factory worker. At the turn of the century, cities across China began to register, tax, and monitor prostitutes, taking different forms in different cities. Intervention by way of prostitution regulation connected the local state, politics, and gender relations in important new ways. The decisions that local governments made about how to deal with gender, and specifically the thorny issue of prostitution, had concrete and measurable effects on the structures and capacities of the state.This book examines how the ways in which local government chose to shape the institution of prostitution ended up transforming local states themselves. It begins by looking at the origins of prostitution regulation in Europe and how it spread from there to China via Tokyo. Elizabeth Remick then drills down into the different regulatory approaches of Guangzhou (revenue-intensive), Kunming (coercion-intensive), and Hangzhou (light regulation). In all three cases, there were distinct consequences and implications for statebuilding, some of which made governments bigger and wealthier, some of which weakened and undermined development. This study makes a strong case for why gender needs to be written into the story of statebuilding in China, even though women, generally barred from political life at that time in China, were not visible political actors.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Chronicles the epic 1915 libel case in which Theodore Roosevelt, weighing a last presidential run, turned on former allies to challenge corruption in the political party that made him.

• From the Southern to the U.S. Middle District of Florida, 1950s-1962
• The U.S. Middle District of Florida, first years, 1962-1968
• The Middle District and civil rights, 1962-1968
• Adjudicating equality continues: the Middle District and school desegregation, 1968-1976
• The Middle District and the war on crime, 1968-1976
• Growing pains, constitutional questions, and bankruptcy, 1976-1980
• A new era begins: the Reagan years, 1980-1988
• Drugs, drugs, and more drugs, 1980-1988
• Mad dogs, spies, and international weapons dealers
• Income tax evasion, the death penalty, the environment, the aids epidemic, desegregation, and voting and employment discrimination, 1980-1988
• New judges, new challenges, 1988-1992
• The court expands and confronts antigovernment activity, 1992-2000
• Bankruptcy in the Middle District, 1984-2000
• First amendment, abortion rights, employment discrimination, and school desegregation litigation runs its course, 1992-2000
• Drugs, outlaws, fraud, pollution, endangered species, and a baby named Sabrina
• "It's a tidal wave ... and I"m not kidding about it!"
• Into the new century, 2000-2004
• Contesting sentencing guidelines, the Patriot Act, terrorism, and cases involving international questions
• Constitutional questions of the twenty-first-century court
• Income tax evasion, medicare fraud, organized crime, environmental disputes, and bankruptcy
• Closing arguments and taking stock: fifty years of justice.

Representing half of the state's population, the U.S. Middle District Court is one of the busiest federal courts in Florida. It is recognized most often as the battleground for the Terri Schiavo "right to die" case, but it has been at the center of major decisions for more than fifty years. The famous and the infamous have stood before the judges of the Middle District courts, including young civil rights lawyer Thurgood Marshall, mobster Santo Trafficante, drug lord Carlos Lehder, baseball star Denny McLain, movie star Wesley Snipes, criminal defense attorney F. Lee Bailey, and Constance Baker Motley, the first African American woman to argue a case before the U.S. Supreme Court. The verdicts have made headlines, but little is known about the inner workings of the court in which they were delivered. In Fifty Years of Justice, James Denham presents the fascinating history of the U.S. Middle District Court of Florida from its founding in 1962 to the present. Readers will discover the intricacies of rulings, the criminal defendants and civil litigants, and the dedicated officials - the unsung heroes - who keep the justice system running day to day. From desegregation to discrimination, espionage to the environment, trafficking to terrorism, and a host of cases in between, litigation in these courtrooms has shaped and shaken both state andnation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Understanding the FILP system
• The common origins of budget restraint and FILP, 1945-1953
• Balancing fiscal policy, industrialization and distributive politics, 1953-1970
• The electoral logic of FILP allocations, 1960-1993
• Pushing the limits of the FILP compromise, 1970-1990
• The politics of FILP reform, 1990-2001
• The Koizumi reforms and the legacy of FILP, 2001 and after.

Governments confront difficult political choices when they must determine how to balance their spending. But what would happen if a government found a means of spending without taxation? In this book, Gene Park demonstrates how the Japanese government established and mobilized an enormous off-budget spending system, the Fiscal Investment Loan Program (FILP), which drew on postal savings, public pensions, and other funds to pay for its priorities and reduce demands on the budget.Park's book argues that this system underwrote a distinctive postwar political bargain, one that eschewed the rise of the welfare state and Keynesianism, but that also came with long-term political and economic costs that continue to this day. By drawing attention to FILP, this study resolves key debates in Japanese politics and also makes a larger point about public finance, demonstrating that governments can finance their activities not only through taxes but also through financial mechanisms to allocate credit and investment. Such "policy finance" is an important but often overlooked form of public finance that can change the political calculus of government fiscal choices.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Viaje, exilio y migración : hacia una definición de los términos / Cécile Quintana
• Extensión del dominio de la literatura colombiana / Sabine Coudassot-Ramírez
• Exilio y memoria en Desterrados : crónicas del desarraigo, de Alfredo Molano / Teresa Quesada-Magaud y Helena Quesada
• Por la alta Guajira : crónica de un viaje / Ramón Illán Bacca
• "Tijuana is not Mexico" ; Identidad y humor fronterizos en la literatura mexicana / Cécile Quintana
• La necesidad de dejar el nido : reflexiones sobre las futuras migraciones humanas desde la ciencia ficción / Pedro Mario Wightman Rojas
• Figura del migrante en la actualidad de Francia y Europa / Jérôme Richard.

• Contents and Abstracts1Introduction: The Dual Executive and Unilateral Power chapter abstractThis book takes the next step in the study of unilateral power by quantitatively and qualitatively analyzing how the president's unilateral orders are part of a separate and shared power system. The chapters that follow explore both the prerogatives presidents undertake and obligations they fulfill with respect to their independent and administrator executive functions. It builds on several generations of scholarship on the presidency and draws from both public law and behavioral approaches. Debate over the use of unilateral orders suggests that a president's ability to act without the consent of Congress is largely unchecked by traditional institutional arrangements whereas others suggest presidents are more likely to be restrained by Congress because many unilateral powers are justified with interbranch authority.
• 2A New Theory and Approach to Studying Unilateral Orders chapter abstract
• Chapter 2 presents an organizational model to chart the process of when in the policy process a unilateral order is issued. This model conceptualizes the use of unilateral orders based on the dual roles of the executive at one of three stages in the policy-making process: at the agenda-setting stage before bills have been introduced into the legislative process, during the president's bargaining with Congress after bills have reached the agenda, and when the president is implementing law passed by Congress. This provides a basis for exploring the theoretical expectations derived from the institutional and power-sharing arrangements.
• 3The Presidents' Orders: Proclamations and Executive Orders chapter abstract
• Chapter 3 describes the data collected and evaluates the trends over time. The data include executive orders and proclamations, the two most prominent types of unilateral orders. The data set includes a total of more than 2,400 unilateral orders issued from President Gerald Ford to President George W. Bush from 1974 to
• 2009.
• 4The Source of Authority and Delegation of Powers chapter abstract
• Chapter 4 explores the president's sources of authority and how they are used. Presidents can rely on their constitutional powers or authority delegated by Congress. They may invoke statute-based and constitution-based sources of authority when issuing unilateral orders although the variation is influenced by the different separate and shared power arrangements. The chapter examines the variation in the sources of authority the president cites, as well as when he or she invokes statute-based or constitution-based sources of authority, and the influence of the extent of authority and discretion delegated by Congress.
• 5An Independent President or Administrator? Command and Routine Orders chapter abstract
• Chapter 5 considers the unilateral actions of the dual roles of the president at the agenda-setting stage, before legislation has been introduced. At this stage, presidents have the incentive and ability to act as administrators to issue a routine order and as independent presidents more likely to issue a command. This is the most familiar and potentially dangerous type of presidentthose who use their unilateral powers to manage the political system in a way that corresponds to their preferences and their agenda. Because Congress is focused on identifying the topics to include on the agenda and deciding in committee the direction legislation should take, presidents do not necessarily need to work with Congress-- instead, they can act independently creating edicts, which they expect others to follow.
• 6An Independent President or Administrator? Orders to Preempt and Support Congress chapter abstract
• Chapter 6 explores the unilateral actions of the president's dual roles after legislation (bills) is on Congress's agenda. At this stage, presidents can bargain with Congress over the formulation of legislation. Independent presidents use unilateral orders to preempt the lengthy legislative process and administrators do so to issue unilateral orders to support legislation. Presidents are clearly interested in issuing unilateral orders that work to their advantage whether it is to prevent legislation from progressing or to facilitate legislative progress when it is otherwise slowed by collective action problems in Congress. Presidents are more likely to use unilateral orders to preempt legislation when the issue is on their agenda, there is greater friction between the branches, Congress is internally divided, and presidents have greater discretion to act.
• 7An Independent President or Administrator? Orders That Adapt and Implement Law chapter abstract
• Chapter 7 investigates the dual roles of the executive after laws have been passed by Congress. At this stage, independent presidents issue unilateral orders to adapt legislation to suit their needs and administrators use them to faithfully implement legislation. This is the final stage in the policy-making process and one where the president has the duty to execute law. The challenge for presidents is to shape the outcome of the legislative process to their favor. This is the president's final opportunity, and at the height of his or her powers the president takes full advantage of this privileged place.
• 8Conclusion: Unilateral Orders in a Separated and Shared Power System chapter abstract
• Chapter 8 concludes with the argument that, with respect to unilateral orders, presidents often have the authority to be independent but do not always act that way. Independent presidents engage their executive authority, and discretion, to act alone, whereas administrators exercise delegated authority and political will to work with Congress. The knowledge of how presidents use unilateral orders may help to dampen the fear that presidents are able to use their unilateral powers unchecked because of a congressional retreat. The circumstances under which presidents act against Congress are selective. What remains is an understanding and awareness that the majority of unilateral orders are used to facilitate the needs of government. Concerns over an aggressive or overbearing president who pushes around an unsuspecting Congress may be overblown as presidents balance their political goals with their institutional responsibilities and duty to act.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Popular perception holds that presidents act "first and alone, " resorting to unilateral orders to promote an agenda and head off unfavorable legislation. Little research, however, has considered the diverse circumstances in which such orders are issued. The Dual Executive reinterprets how and when presidents use unilateral power by illuminating the dual roles of the president. Drawing from an original data set of over 5,000 executive orders and proclamations (the two most frequently used unilateral orders) from the Franklin D. Roosevelt to the George W. Bush administrations (1933-2009), this book situates unilateral orders within the broad scope of executive-legislative relations. Michelle Belco and Brandon Rottinghaus shed light on the shared nature of unilateral power by recasting the executive as both an aggressive "commander" and a cooperative "administrator" who uses unilateral power not only to circumvent Congress, but also to support and facilitate its operations.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Birthing a president
• Winning ugly
• #War
• Terrorized
• Inside job
• Burned
• The pledge
• Surrogate secrets
• Punch 'em in the face
• Kayfabe
• The cult of KEK
• Hacks
• Bimbo eruptions
• Lock her up
• President Trump
• Nixon's shadow.

In Gaslighting America, Carpenter breaks down Trump's formula, showing why it's practically foolproof, playing his victims, the media, the Democrats, and the Republican fence-sitters perfectly. She traces how this tactic started with Nixon, gained traction with Bill Clinton, and exploded under Trump.

"In this remarkable new portrait, award-winning historian David O. Stewart unveils the political education that made Washington a master politician--and America's most essential leader. From Virginia's House of Burgesses, where Washington learned the craft and timing of a practicing politician, to his management of local government as a justice of the Fairfax County Court to his eventual role in the Second Continental Congress and his grueling generalship in the American Revolution, Washington perfected the art of governing and service, earned trust, and built bridges. The lessons in leadership he absorbed along the way would be invaluable during the early years of the republic as he fought to unify the new nation." -- inside front jacket flap.
"A fascinating and illuminating account of how George Washington became the single most dominant force in the creation of the United States of America, from award-winning author David O. Stewart"-- Provided by publisher.

A leading progressive intellectual offers an agenda for how real democracy can triumph in America and beyond. Since the New Deal in the 1930s, there have been two eras in our political history: the liberal era, stretching up to the 1970s, followed by the neoliberal era of privatization and austerity ever since. In each period, the dominant ideology was so strong that it united even partisan opponents. But the neoliberal era is collapsing, and the central question of our time is what comes next. As acclaimed legal scholar and policy expert Ganesh Sitaraman argues, two political visions now contend for the future. One is nationalist oligarchy, which rigs the system for the rich and powerful while using nationalism to mobilize support. The other is the great democracy, which fights corruption and extends both political and economic power to all people. At this decisive moment in history, The Great Democracy offers a bold, transformative agenda for achieving real democracy.

• An education
• The nation city
• How did we get here?
• The rise of cities
• The prospects
• Leading lights
• The "right" mayors
• Chicago (Home Sweet Home)
• International mayors
• Cities, waterfronts, and riverwalks
• Horizontal networks
• The future.

"At a time of anxiety about the effectiveness of our national government, Rahm Emanuel provides a clear vision, for both progressives and centrists, of how to get things done in America today--a bracing, optimistic vision of America's future from one of our most experienced and original political minds"-- Provided by publisher.
Cities are the most ancient political institutions, dating back thousands of year-- and they have reemerged as the nation-states of our time. Mayors are accountable to their voters to a greater degree than any other elected officials. Emanuel, himself a two-term mayor of Chicago, illuminates how progressives and centrists alike can best accomplish their goals by focusing their energies on local politics. He provides examples to show how cities are improving education, infrastructure, job conditions, and environmental policy at a local level. -- adapted from jacket

• An education
• The nation city
• How did we get here?
• The rise of cities
• The prospects
• Leading lights
• The "right" mayors
• Chicago (Home Sweet Home)
• International mayors
• Cities, waterfronts, and riverwalks
• Horizontal networks
• The future.

"At a time of anxiety about the effectiveness of our national government, Rahm Emanuel provides a clear vision, for both progressives and centrists, of how to get things done in America today--a bracing, optimistic vision of America's future from one of our most experienced and original political minds"-- Provided by publisher.
Cities are the most ancient political institutions, dating back thousands of year-- and they have reemerged as the nation-states of our time. Mayors are accountable to their voters to a greater degree than any other elected officials. Emanuel, himself a two-term mayor of Chicago, illuminates how progressives and centrists alike can best accomplish their goals by focusing their energies on local politics. He provides examples to show how cities are improving education, infrastructure, job conditions, and environmental policy at a local level. -- adapted from jacket

• Introduction
• 1. Legitimacy and the good
• 2. Defending freedom
• 3. Law and violence
• 4. Friend and enemy
• 5. States of emergency and bare life
• 6. Kinship
• 7. Sovereignty at the limit
• 8. Sovereign imagination Index
• .
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Sovereignty and superheroes marks a major new contribution to the emerging field of comic studies and the growing literature on superheroes. Using a range of critical theorists, the book examines superheroes as sovereigns, addressing amongst other things the complex treatment of law and violence, legitimacy and authority. It examines all the main characters including Superman, Batman, Captain America, Wonder Woman and Iron Man along with a host of other heroes and heroines within the Marvel and DC universes. The book will be of interest to academics and students interested in the intersection between superhero comics, culture and politics. In a century thus far dominated by the war on terror, superheroes offer us the perfect opportunity to think through the nature of sovereignty in such times of emergency. The book not only guides the reader through some of the major story arcs in superhero comics, but also serves as an excellent introduction to a range of writings on the nature of sovereignty. -- .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• List of Figures and Tables vii Preface and Acknowledgments ix Commonly Used Abbreviations xi
• Chapter 1: Introduction 1 What Are PTAs and Why Are They Important? 5 Economic Effects of PTAs 7 Political and Security Effects of PTAs 8 PTAs in Historical Perspective 9 The Effects of Domestic Politics on PTAs: The Argument in Brief 14 The Broader Theoretical Context 19 Organization of the Book 21
• Chapter 2: A Political Economy Theory of International Trade Agreements 23 A Political Economy Theory of PTAs 24 Examining the Assumptions Underlying the Theory 30 An Alternative Argument about PTAs and Domestic Politics: The Role of Interest Groups 37 Regime Type, Domestic Political Costs, and PTAs 41 Two Cases of Democracy and PTA Formation: SADC and Mercosur 45 Veto Players, Transaction Costs, and PTAs 55 Some Illustrations of the Effects of Veto Players on PTA Formation 58 Further Effects of Domestic Politics on International Trade Agreements: Auxiliary Hypotheses 63 Conclusion 68
• Chapter 3: Systemic Influences on PTA Formation 70 International Influences on PTA Formation 71 The Models and Estimation Procedures 77 Estimates of the Parameters 83 The GATT/WTO and PTA Formation 88 Conclusions 90
• Chapter 4: Regime Type, Veto Players, and PTA Formation 93 Two Theoretical Propositions 93 Empirical Tests of the Hypotheses 96 Results of the Empirical Analysis 104 Robustness Checks 113 Conclusions 121
• Chapter 5: Auxiliary Hypotheses about Domestic Politics and Trade Agreements 122 PTAs and the Longevity of Political Leaders 124 Partisanship and PTAs 128 Regime Type and Exposure to the International Economy 129 Autocracies, Political Competition, and PTAs 132 The Extent of Proposed Integration and Enforcement 137 Ratification Delay and Veto Players 145 Conclusions 151
• Chapter 6: Conclusions 155 The Argument and Evidence in Brief 156 Some Implications for the Study of International Relations 161 PTAs and the World Economy 171 PTAs and the International Political Economy: Power and Politics 174
• Bibliography 179 Index 201.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Preferential trading arrangements (PTAs) play an increasingly prominent role in the global political economy, two notable examples being the European Union and the North American Free Trade Agreement. These agreements foster economic integration among member states by enhancing their access to one another's markets. Yet despite the importance of PTAs to international trade and world politics, until now little attention has been focused on why governments choose to join them and how governments design them. This book offers valuable new insights into the political economy of PTA formation. Many economists have argued that the roots of these agreements lie in the promise they hold for improving the welfare of member states. Others have posited that trade agreements are a response to global political conditions. Edward Mansfield and Helen Milner argue that domestic politics provide a crucial impetus to the decision by governments to enter trade pacts. Drawing on this argument, they explain why democracies are more likely to enter PTAs than nondemocratic regimes, and why as the number of veto players - interest groups with the power to block policy change - increases in a prospective member state, the likelihood of the state entering a trade agreement is reduced. The book provides a novel view of the political foundations of trade agreements.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Frontmatter
• Contents
• Tables
• Acknowledgments
• Chapter 1: The Scope of the Problem
• Chapter 2: The Changing Political Context
• Chapter 3: The Selection Process
• Chapter 4: Campaign Roles
• Chapter 5: An Elected Official?
• Chapter 6: The Transformation of the Vice Presidency
• Chapter 7: Institutional Roles
• Chapter 8: Political Roles
• Chapter 9: The Vice President as Successor
• Chapter 10: Filling Vice-Presidential Vacancies
• Chapter 11: Springboard To The Presidency
• Chapter 12: Evaluating Reform Proposals
• Chapter 13: The Vice Presidency In Perspective
• Appendix: Characteristics of Prospective Vice-Presidential Candidates, 1952-1980
• Abbreviations
• Notes
• Selected Bibliography
• Index.

Dealing with the vice presidency since 1953, this book recommends Walter Mondale's vice presidency as a model for future occupants of the office. The author considers the selection, campaign roles, and electoral impact of vice-presidential candidates. Originally published in 1982. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface xv Acknowledgments xix
• Introduction 1 Historical Claims 3 Puzzles and Cautions 5 The Priority of Public Monitoring 8 Variations among States 11 Variations within States 15 National Styles of Stealth Torture 16 Torture and Democracy 21 Does Torture Work? 23 Who Cares? 25
• Part I: Torture and Democracy 33
• Chapter 1: Modern Torture and Its Observers 35 Defining Torture 36 Monitoring Torture 39
• Chapter 2: Torture and Democracy 45 The National Security Model 46 The Juridical Model 49 The Civic Discipline Model 55 Hell Is in the Details 60
• Part II: Remembering Stalinism and Nazism 65 Introduction 67
• Chapter 3: Lights, Heat, and Sweat 69 Sweating and Stealth in America 70 British Psychological Techniques 74 Interrogation Elsewhere in Europe 76 Sweating and Stealth in Russia 79 The Spread of the Russian Style 83 Remembering Pavlov 87
• Chapter 4: Whips and Water 91 Labussie're's List 92 Documenting Nazi Torture 93 Torture in Germany 95 Torture in Nazi-Occupied Europe 97 Remembering the War 104
• Chapter 5: Bathtubs 108 Masuy's Bathtub 109 Marty's Magneto 111 The French Gestapo and Electric Torture 112 The Decline of Sweating and Stealth 115 The German Gestapo and Modern Torture 117 Remembering Nuremberg 117 The Search for Electric Torture 118
• Part III: A History of Electric Stealth 121
• Chapter 6: Shock 123 The AC/DC Controversy and the Electric Chair 124 The Mystery of Electric Death 126 Early Police Devices 128 The Mystery of Shock 132 Early Medical Devices 135 Transmitting Shock 138 Later Medical Devices 139 Remembering the Animals 141
• Chapter 7: Magnetos 144 What Is a Magneto? 145 Indochina, 1931 146 Out of Indochina 149 Korea, 1931 150 Out of Korea 152 The Lost History of the Magneto 155 French and British Electrotorture after World War II 157 The Colonial Police and Wuillaume's List 160 The Triumph of the Ge'ge'ne 161 Algeria, 1960 163 Remembering the Gestapo 165
• Chapter 8: Currents 167 South Vietnamese Torture 170 Vietnam, 1968 172 Bell Telephone Hour 174 Out of Vietnam Again 178 Variation within the French Style 183 Cattle Prods 185 The Electric Cornucopia 186 Remembering Vietnam 188
• Chapter 9: Singing the World Electric 190 When Electrotorture Was New 190 Explaining Clean Electrotorture 194 Crafting Electrotorture 197 Surging Forward 201 The Americas 203 Middle East and North Africa 207 Asia 209 Sub-Saharan Africa 211 Europe and Central Asia 214 Explaining the Surge 216 Remembering the Cold War 222
• Chapter 10: Prods, Tasers, and Stun Guns 225 Electric Utopia 225 Electric-Free Protest 227 Stun Technology 229 Covering America 230 Remembering Eutopia 237
• Chapter 11: Stun City 239 Magneto Torture in Chicago 240 Stun and Torture 242 Tasers and Torture 245 Burning Issues 248 Stun and Democracy 249 But No One Died 252 Civic Shock 253 Welcome to Stun City 255
• Part IV: Other Stealth Traditions 259 Introduction 261
• Chapter 12: Sticks and Bones 269 Clean Whipping 269 Paddles 271 Beating Feet 273 Remembering Slaves and Sailors 277
• Chapter 13: Water, Sleep, and Spice 279 Pumping 280 Choking 281 Showers and Ice 285 Salt and Spice 287 Deprivation of Sleep 290 Remembering the Inquisition 292
• Chapter 14: Stress and Duress 294 Great and Lesser Stress Traditions 295 British Stress Tortures 296 French Stress Tortures 301 American Stress Tortures 306 Authoritarian Adaptations 311 Remembering the Eighteenth Century 314
• Chapter 15: Forced Standing and Other Positions 316 Old Users after the War 317 Positional Tortures in the Communist World 322 Positional Tortures in the Non-Communist World 324 The Universal Distributor Hypothesis Revisited 329 Remembering the Hooded Men 332
• Chapter 16: Fists and Exercises 334 Clean Beating 335 Adapting "the Necktie" 341 Exhaustion Exercises 342 Remembering the Grunts and the Cops 345
• Chapter 17: Old and New Restraints 347 Bucking (the Parrot's Perch) 347 The Crapaudine 349 Standing Handcuffs 350 Sweatboxes 351 Adapting Old Restraints 353 The Shabeh 354 Remembering the Allied POWs 357
• Chapter 18: Noise 360 Low-Technology Noise 360 High-Technology Noise 363 The CIA and Sensory Deprivation Boxes 368 Beyond the Laboratory 371 Principles and Guinea Pigs 373 Remembering Evil 384
• Chapter 19: Drugs and Doctors 385 Police and Drugs 386 The CIA and Drugs 388 The Decline of Pharmacological Torture 390 Soviet Pharmacological Torture 392 Communist Pyschoprisons 394 Lines of Defense 397 Remembering the Prison Doctors 401 V Politics and Memory 403
• Chapter 20: Supply and Demand for Clean Torture 405 Historical Claims 406 The Priority of Public Monitoring 409 Variations among and within States 414 National Styles of Stealth Torture 419 The Strength of Low Technology 423 The Power of Whispers 426 Why Styles Change 434 Disciplinary Interventions 439 The Demand for Torture 444
• Chapter 21: Does Torture Work? 446 Can Torture Be Scientific? 447 Can Torture Be Restrained? 450 Does Technology Help? 453 Can Torture Be Professionally Conducted? 454 Works Better Than What? 458 Is Anything Better Than Nothing? 460 How Well Do Interrogators Spot the Truth? 463 How Well Do Cooperative Prisoners Remember? 466 How Good Is the Intelligence Overall? 469 Even When Time Is Short? 474 Remembering the Questions 478
• Chapter 22: What the Apologists Say 480 Remembering the Battle of Algiers 481 Information in the Battle of Algiers 482 French Interrogation Units 485 Coerced Information in the Algerian War 487 Saving Innocents, Losing Wars 492 Gestapo Stories 493 Stories from the Resistance 495 CIA Stories 500 The Interrogation of Al Qaeda 503 Abu Ghraib and Guanta'namo 508 Afghanistan 511 Testimonial Literature from Other Conflicts 513 Remembering Abu Ghraib 518
• Chapter 23: Why Governments Don't Learn 519 How Knowledge Does Not Accumulate 520 How Knowledge Is Not Analyzed 521 How Torture Warrants Might Help 523 Regulating Torture 526 Variations in Regulative Failure 529 Stealth and the Regulation of Torture 532 How Knowledge Does Not Matter 533 Remembering the Soldiers 535
• Chapter 24: The Great Age of Torture in Modern Memory 537 The Great Rift 538 The Architecture of Amnesia 540 The Designs of Genius 542 Demons in the City 543 Algerian Souvenirs 545 Caring for the Memories 550
• Appendixes A: A List of Clean Tortures 553 B: Issues of Method 557 C: Organization and Explanations 566 D: A Note on Sources for American Torture during the Vietnam War 581
• Notes 593 Selected Bibliography 781 Index 819.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This is the most comprehensive, and most comprehensively chilling, study of modern torture yet written. Darius Rejali, one of the world's leading experts on torture, takes the reader from the late nineteenth century to the aftermath of Abu Ghraib, from slavery and the electric chair to electrotorture in American inner cities, and from French and British colonial prison cells and the Spanish-American War to the fields of Vietnam, the wars of the Middle East, and the new democracies of Latin America and Europe. As Rejali traces the development and application of one torture technique after another in these settings, he reaches startling conclusions. As the twentieth century progressed, he argues, democracies not only tortured, but set the international pace for torture. Dictatorships may have tortured more, and more indiscriminately, but the United States, Britain, and France pioneered and exported techniques that have become the lingua franca of modern torture: methods that leave no marks. Under the watchful eyes of reporters and human rights activists, low-level authorities in the world's oldest democracies were the first to learn that to scar a victim was to advertise iniquity and invite scandal. Long before the CIA even existed, police and soldiers turned instead to "clean" techniques, such as torture by electricity, ice, water, noise, drugs, and stress positions. As democracy and human rights spread after World War II, so too did these methods. Rejali makes this troubling case in fluid, arresting prose and on the basis of unprecedented research--conducted in multiple languages and on several continents--begun years before most of us had ever heard of Osama bin Laden or Abu Ghraib. The author of a major study of Iranian torture, Rejali also tackles the controversial question of whether torture really works, answering the new apologists for torture point by point. A brave and disturbing book, this is the benchmark against which all future studies of modern torture will be measured.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Why we need a theory of federalism
• What is federalism?
• Why federalism? The tragic aspect of politics
• Federalism in political science
• Federalism in America
• The judicial doctrine of federalism.

Federalism is one of the most influential concepts in modern political discourse: a building block of modern governance, but also the focus of immense controversy. As esteemed scholars Malcolm M. Feeley and Edward Rubin show, much of this controversy stems from theoretical vagueness inherent in contemporary definitions of the term. The multiethnic states that emerged from the imperial collapses at the turn of the twentieth century - and which generally moved toward stable, democratic governments in the ensuing decades - have given rise to almost limitless variations on the basic federalist premise of a coordinated central government sharing power with subnational units.This proliferation has eroded hopes for a single, coherent definition of federalism. Instead, ambiguity has left the concept susceptible to use as an instrument of rhetoric and ideology. Feeley and Rubin expose the ambiguities of modern federalism, offering a powerful but generous treatise on the modern salience of the term.This book provides a new analysis of a fundamental concept in politics and law, by a pair of influential and respected scholars.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)