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本书试图通过对湖南尤其是洞庭湖地区有史以来 各种自然灾害的研究, 探讨灾害发生的规律, 发生的自然原因和社会原因, 造成的影响, 以及历朝历代减灾防灾赈灾救灾政策措施的成败 得失, 为研究者提供较为翔实的历史资料, 为减灾防灾的政府决策提供历史的借鉴.

• Prelude: Disasters are not natural
• 1: An island shattered
• 2: Nature's hazards
• 3: The story of vulnerability
• 4: Vulnerability by choice
• 5: Making the choice
• 6: Making the change Endnotes Further reading.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

An earthquake shatters Haiti and a hurricane slices through Texas. We hear that nature runs rampant, seeking to destroy us through these 'natural disasters'. Science recounts a different story, however: disasters are not the consequence of natural causes; they are the consequence of human choices and decisions. we put ourselves in harm's way; we fail to take measures which we know would prevent disasters, no matter what the environment does. This can be both hard to accept, and hard to unravel. A complex of factors shape disasters. They arise from the political processes dictating where and what we build, and from social circumstances which create and perpetuate poverty and discrimination. They develop from the social preference to blame nature for the damage wrought, when in fact events such as earthquakes and storms are entirely commonplace environmental processes We feel the need to fight natural forces, to reclaim what we assume is ours, and to protect ourselves from what we perceive to be wrath from outside our communities. This attitude distracts us from the real causes of disasters: humanity's decisions, as societies and as individuals. It stops us accepting the real solutions to disasters: making better decisions. This book explores stories of some of our worst disasters to show how we can and should act to stop people dying when nature unleashes its energies. The disaster is not the tornado, the volcanic eruption, or climate change, but the deaths and injuries, the loss of irreplaceable property, and the lack and even denial of support to affected people, so that a short-term interruption becomes a long-term recovery nightmare. But we can combat this, as Kelman shows, describing inspiring examples of effective human action that limits damage, such as managing flooding in Toronto and villages in Bangladesh, or wildfire in Colorado. Throughout, his message is clear: there is no such thing as a natural disaster. The disaster lies in our inability to deal with the environment and with ourselves.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1. Introduction: The New Environmental Crisis.- Part I: Locating Disaster Studies.-
• Chapter 2. Launching the DRC: Historical Context and Future Directions(Thomas E. Drabek).-
• Chapter 3. Disaster Studies at
• 50: Time to Wear Bifocals?(Ben Wisner).- Part II: Confronting the Second Environmental Crisis.-
• Chapter 4. The Silence Before the Storm: Advocacy Groups' Current Perceptions of Future Climate Vulnerability(Carlos Martin).-
• Chapter 5. Beautiful and Safe Landscapes for Sustainable Disaster Risk Reduction.(Fausto Marincioni, Cristina Casareale, and Kenneth Byrne).-
• Chapter 6. Mobilizing Communities to Confront Global Challenges: A Phronetic Inquiry.(Philip Barnes and Andrea Sarzynski).-
• Chapter 7. Sleepwalking into disaster? Understanding Coping in the Broader Field of Mental Barriers.(Anna Lena Bercht).-
• Chapter 8. Growing the Constituency: A 21st Century Challenge. (James K. Mitchell).-
• Chapter 9. The Role of Landscape Experience in Disaster Risk Reduction.(Sara Bonati).- Part III: Old Problems with New Solutions.-
• Chapter 10. Building Disaster Resilience on the Edge of Chaos - A Systems Critique on Mechanistic Global Disaster Reduction Policies, Frameworks and Models.(Christo Coetzee, Dewald van Niekerk and Leandri Kruger).-
• Chapter 11. Services Not Required? Assessing the Need for 'Coordination Agencies' during Disaster Response.(Johanu Botha).-
• Chapter 12. Categories of Success: How Do We Make Who Listens?(Rachel Dowty and William Wallace).-
• Chapter 13. The Emergency Manager as Risk Manager 5.(Patrick S. Roberts, Kris Wernstedt, Joseph Arvai, and Kelly Redmond).-
• Chapter 14. Disaster Response as Secondary Hazard.(Malka Older).- Chapter 15.- Compromise and Action: Tactics for Doing Ethical Research in Disaster Zones.(Jennifer Henderson and Max Liboiron).-
• Chapter 16. Ethics in Disaster Research: A New Declaration.(James Kendra and Sarah Gregory).-
• Chapter 17. A Case for the Grand Challenge of Disaster Science.(Tricia Wachtendorf).
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The 50th anniversary of the Disaster Research Center of the University of Delaware provoked a discussion of the field's background, its accomplishments, and its future directions. Participants representing many disciplines brought new methods to bear on perennial problems relevant to effective disaster management and policy formation. However, new concerns were raised, stemming from the fact that we live today in a globally unfolding environmental crisis every bit as pressing and worrisome as that of the 1960s when the Disaster Research center was founded. This volume brings together ideas of participants from that workshop as well as other contributors. Topics include: the history and evolution of disaster research, innovations in disaster management, disaster policy, and ethical considerations of disaster research. Readers interested in science and technology, public policy, community action, and the evolution of the social sciences will find much of interest in this collection.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• 1. Planet Earth: in a nutshell
• 2. Global warming: a lot of hot air?
• 3. The Ice Age cometh
• 4. The enemy within - super-eruptions, giant tsunamis, and the coming great quake
• 5. The threat from space - asteroid and comet impacts
• Epilogue
• Further reading
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Life on earth will come to an end. It's just a matter of when. In this Very Short Introduction, Bill McGuire explores the many potential catastrophes facing our planet and our species in the future, and looks at both the probability of these events happening and our chances of survival. From the likely consequences of global warming to the inevitable destruction of the earth in the far future, McGuire considers a range of 'end of the world scenarios', including the New Ice Age, asteroid and comet impact, supervolcanoes, and mega-tsunami. Updated with a number of recent case studies from around the world, this new edition brings our understanding of global disasters and risk research up to date. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Geologic consent : do we have it or not?
• Dynamics and disasters
• When terra isn't firma
• The flying carpet of elm
• The day the mountain blew -- The power of water : tsunamis
• Rogue waves, stormy weather
• Rivers in the sky
• Water, water everywhere, or not a drop to drink
• Earth and us.

In 2011, there were fourteen natural calamities that each destroyed over a billion dollars' worth of property in the United States alone. In 2012, Hurricane Sandy ravaged the East Coast and major earthquakes struck in Italy, the Philippines, Iran, and Afghanistan. In the first half of 2013, the awful drumbeat continued-a monster supertornado struck Moore, Oklahoma; a powerful earthquake shook Sichuan, China; a cyclone ravaged Queensland, Australia; massive floods inundated Jakarta, Indonesia; and the largest wildfire ever engulfed a large part of Colorado. Despite these events, we still behave as if natural disasters are outliers. Why else would we continue to build new communities near active volcanoes, on tectonically active faults, on flood plains, and in areas routinely lashed by vicious storms? A famous historian once observed that "civilization exists by geologic consent, subject to change without notice." In the pages of this unique book, leading geologist Susan W. Kieffer provides a primer on most types of natural disasters: earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, landslides, hurricanes, cyclones, and tornadoes. By taking us behind the scenes of the underlying geology that causes them, she shows why natural disasters are more common than we realize, and that their impact on us will increase as our growing population crowds us into ever more vulnerable areas. Kieffer describes how natural disasters result from "changes in state" in a geologic system, much as when water turns to steam. By understanding what causes these changes of state, we can begin to understand the dynamics of natural disasters. In the book's concluding chapter, Kieffer outlines how we might better prepare for, and in some cases prevent, future disasters. She also calls for the creation of an organization, something akin to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention but focused on pending natural disasters.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Few subjects have caught the attention of the entire world as much as those dealing with natural hazards. The first decade of this new millennium provides a litany of tragic examples of various hazards that turned into disasters affecting millions of individuals around the globe. The human losses (some 225,000 people) associated with the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, the economic costs (approximately 200 billion USD) of the 2011 Tohoku Japan earthquake, tsunami and reactor event, and the collective social impacts of human tragedies experienced during Hurricane Katrina in 2005 all provide repetitive reminders that we humans are temporary guests occupying a very active and angry planet. Any examples may have been cited here to stress the point that natural events on Earth may, and often do, lead to disasters and catastrophes when humans place themselves into situations of high risk. Few subjects share the true interdisciplinary dependency that characterizes the field of natural hazards. From geology and geophysics to engineering and emergency response to social psychology and economics, the study of natural hazards draws input from an impressive suite of unique and previously independent specializations. Natural hazards provide a common platform to reduce disciplinary boundaries and facilitate a beneficial synergy in the provision of timely and useful information and action on this critical subject matter. As social norms change regarding the concept of acceptable risk and human migration leads to an explosion in the number of megacities, coastal over-crowding and unmanaged habitation in precarious environments such as mountainous slopes, the vulnerability of people and their susceptibility to natural hazards increases dramatically. Coupled with the concerns of changing climates, escalating recovery costs, a growing divergence between more developed and less developed countries, the subject of natural hazards remains on the forefront of issues that affect all people, nations, and environments all the time. This treatise provides a compendium of critical, timely and very detailed information and essential facts regarding the basic attributes of natural hazards and concomitant disasters. The Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards effectively captures and integrates contributions from an international portfolio of almost 300 specialists whose range of expertise addresses over 330 topics pertinent to the field of natural hazards. Disciplinary barriers are overcome in this comprehensive treatment of the subject matter. Clear illustrations and numerous color images enhance the primary aim to communicate and educate. The inclusion of a series of unique "classic case study" events interspersed throughout the volume provides tangible examples linking concepts, issues, outcomes and solutions. These case studies illustrate different but notable recent, historic and prehistoric events that have shaped the world as we now know it. They provide excellent focal points linking the remaining terms in the volume to the primary field of study. This Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards will remain a standard reference of choice for many years.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• PrologueEnergy Flows 1Natural Disasters and the Human Population 2Internal Energy and Plate Tectonics 3Earthquake Geology and Seismology 4Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes 5Earthquake Lessons and Regional Settings 6Volcanic Eruptions: Plate Tectonics and Magmas 7Volcano Case Histories: Killer Events 8Tsunami Versus Wind-Caused Waves 9External Energy Fuels Weather and Climate 10Tornadoes, Lightning, Heat, and Cold 11Hurricanes 12Climate Change 13Floods 14Fire 15Mass Movements 16 Impacts with Space Objects Epilogue Glossary Credits Index Available electronically: 7th edition's chapter on "The Great Dyings".
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

"Natural Disasters, 8th Edition", is marked by major changes in organization and expanded coverage of weather and climate. The discussion of natural disasters is based on 4 main energy flows: Earth's internal energy flow underlies earthquakes and volcanoes, the external energy flow from the Sun fuels weather and climate including tornadoes, hurricanes, floods, wildfires, gravity acts to pull down mass movements of earth and snow, and impacts with asteroids and comets can have major effects on life. The book focuses on the Earth's natural processes and the disasters that occur when the Earth concentrates its energy and releases it to causing death and destruction. Throughout the book, certain themes are maintained: energy sources underlying disasters plate tectonics and climate change; earth processes operating in rock, water, and atmosphere; significance of geologic time; complexities of multiple variables operating simultaneously; and, detailed and readable case studies.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 Natural Disasters and Their Energy Sources
• 2 Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes
• 3 Basic Principles of Earthquake Geology, Seismology and Tsunami
• 4 Some Earthquakes in Western North America
• 5 More United States and Canadian Earthquakes
• 6 Volcanic Eruptions: Plate Tectonics and Magmas
• 7 Volcanic Eruptions Continue
• 8 Mass Movements
• 9 Climate Change
• 10 Severe Weather
• 11 Hurricanes and the Coastline
• 12 Floods
• 13 Fire
• 14 The Great Dyings
• 15 Impacts with Space Objects.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book focuses on natural disasters: how the normal processes of the Earth concentrate their energies and deal heavy blows to humans and their structures. It is concerned with how the natural world operates and, in so doing, kills and maims humans and destroys their works. Throughout the book, certain themes are maintained: energy sources underlying disasters; plate tectonics and climate change; earth processes operating in rock, water, and atmosphere; significance of geologic time; complexities of multiple variables operating simultaneously; and detailed and readable case studies.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1 Introduction to Natural Hazards
• Chapter 2 Earthquakes
• Chapter 3 Tsunamis
• Chapter 4 Volcanoes
• Chapter 5 Flooding
• Chapter 6 Mass Wasting
• Chapter 7 Subsidence and Soil Movement
• Chapter 8 Atmosphere and Severe Weather
• Chapter 9 Hurricanes and Extratropical Cyclones
• Chapter 10 Waves, Currents and Coastlines
• Chapter 11 Climate and Climate Change
• Chapter 12 Wildfires
• Chapter 13 Impacts and Extinctions Appendix A Minerals Appendix B Rocks Appendix C Maps and Related Topics Appendix D How Geologists Determine Geologic Time Glossary References Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

For professors and students of natural hazards or courses in earthquakes and volcanoes, Edward A. Keller and Robert H. Blodgett's treatment of fundamental scientific concepts addresses societal interactions and Earth processes. Included with every text, the Hazard City CD-ROM gives instructors meaningful, easy-to-assign, and easy-to-grade assignments based on the idealized town of Hazard City.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Natural disasters and the human population
• 2. Energy flows in earth history and natural disasters
• 3. Plate tectonics and earthquakes
• 4. Basic principles of earthquake geology, seismology, and tsunami
• 5. Some earthquakes in western North America
• 6. More U.S. and Canadian earthquakes
• 7. Volcanic eruptions: plate tectonics and magmas
• 8. Volcano case histories: killer events
• 9. Mass movements
• 10. Atmosphere, oceans, and long-term climate change
• 11. Short-term climate change and severe weather
• 12. Hurricanes and the coastline
• 13. Hurricanes and the coastline
• 14. Fire
• 15. The great dyings
• 16. Impacts with space objects.

• 1. Introduction to natural hazards-- Part I. Climatic Hazards:
• 2. Mechanisms of climate variability--
• 3. Large-scale storms as a hazard--
• 4. Localized storms--
• 5. Drought as a hazard--
• 6. Flooding as a hazard--
• 7. Fires in nature--
• 8. Oceanic hazards-- Part II. Geological Hazards:
• 9. Causes and prediction of earthquakes and volcanoes--
• 10. Earthquakes and tsunami as hazards--
• 11. Volcano as a hazard--
• 12. Land instability as a hazard--
• 13. Personal and group response to hazards--
• 14. Epilogue.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Natural hazards afflict all corners of the Earth; often unexpected, seemingly unavoidable and frequently catastrophic in their impact. This revised edition is a comprehensive, inter-disciplinary treatment of the full range of natural hazards. Accessible, readable and well supported by over 180 maps, diagrams and photographs, it is a standard text for students and an invaluable guide for professionals in the field. Clearly and concisely, the author describes and explains how hazards occur, examines prediction methods, considers recent and historical hazard events and explores the social impact of such disasters. This revised edition, first published in 2005, makes good use of the wealth of recent research into climate change and its effects.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Foreword Preface List of figures and tables
• Part 1: Framework and Theory
• 1. The challenge of disasters and our approach 1.1 In at the deep end 1.2 Conventional views of disaster 1.3 What is vulnerability? 1.4 Changes since the first edition 1.5 The International decade for natural disaster reduction 1.6 Convergence and critique 1.7 Audiences 1.8 Scope and plan of the book 1.9 Limits and assumptions
• 2. The disaster pressure and release model 2.1 The nature of vulnerability 2.2 Cause and effects in the disaster pressure model 2.3 Time and the chain of explanation 2.4 Limits to our knowledge 2.5 Global trends and dynamic pressures 2.6 Uses of the pressure and release model
• 3. Access to resources and coping in adversity 3.1 Access to resources - an introduction 3.2 New thinking since 1994 3.3 'Normal life' - the formal Access model 3.4 Coping and access to safety
• Part 2: Vulnerability and Hazard Types
• 4. Famine and natural hazards 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Famines and their causes 4.3 Explanations of famine 4.4 Complex emergencies, policy famines and human rights 4.5 Causes, pressures, unsafe conditions and famine 4.6 Access and famines 4.7 Policy 4.8 Conclusion
• 5. Biological hazards 5.1 Introduction 5.2 What are biological hazards? 5.3 Limitations to our treatment of biological hazards 5.4 Biological links with other hazards 5.5 Livelihoods, resources and disasters 5.6 Vulnerability-creating processes 5.7 Pressures affecting defences against biological hazards 5.8 Root causes and pressures 5.9 Steps toward risk reduction
• 6. Floods 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Floods as known risks 6.3 Disastrous outcomes for vulnerable people 6.4 Floods and vulnerability 6.5 Summary: flood prevention and mitigation
• 7. Coastal storms 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The physical hazard 7.3 Patterns of vulnerability 7.4 Case-studies 7.5 Policy responses
• 8. Earthquakes and volcanoes 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Classic case-studies: Guatemala and Mexico 8.3 Recent case-studies 8.4 Volcanoes and related hazards 8.5 Goma, Congo, eruption of Mount Nyiragongo 2002 8.6 Policy response and mitigation
• Part 3: Towards a Safer Environment
• 9. Towards a safer environment 9.1 Towards a safer environment: are statements of intent merely hot air? 9.2 From Yokohama to Johannesburg via Geneva 9.3 Risk reduction objectives Notes Bibliography.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The term 'natural disaster' is often used to refer to natural events such as earthquakes, hurricanes or floods. However, the phrase 'natural disaster' suggests an uncritical acceptance of a deeply engrained ideological and cultural myth. At Risk questions this myth and argues that extreme natural events are not disasters until a vulnerable group of people is exposed. At Risk focuses on what makes people vulnerable. Often this means analyzing the links between poverty and vulnerability. However it is also important to take account of different social groups that suffer more in extreme events, including women, children, the elderly, ethnic minorities, refugees and people with disabilities. Vulnerability has also been increased by global environmental change and economic globalization - it is an irony of the 'risk society' that such efforts to provide 'security' often create new risks. Fifty years of deforestation in Honduras and Nicaragua opened up the land for the export of beef, coffee, bananas, and cotton. It enriched the few, but endangered the many when hurricane Mitch struck these areas in 1998. Rainfall sent denuded hillsides sliding down on villages and towns. The new edition of At Risk confronts a further ten years of ever more expensive and deadly disasters since it was first published and discusses disaster not as an aberration, but as a signal failure of mainstream 'development'. Two analytical models are provided as tools for understanding vulnerability. One links remote and distant 'root causes' to 'unsafe conditions' in a 'progression of vulnerability'. The other uses the concepts of 'access' and 'livelihood' to understand why some households are more vulnerable than others. The book then concludes with strategies to create a safer world.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Natural disasters, response, recovery, and mitigation are important topics for policy makers, sustainable development specialists, technical experts and teachers. The occurrences and distributions of natural disaster events and the responses and mitigation practices associated with them are presented in the book. Experts on natural disaster topics and regional experts on natural disasters provide compelling information. A rich background in natural disasters and the places where they frequently occur is presented. The chapter authors' discussions address the physical attributes of natural events and secondly, the role of education and training as mitigation strategies. This second perspective examines mitigation practices. Alternatives beyond disaster response and recovery are being practiced in many places. The role of education and training is highlighted. It is intended that the book be a welcome addition to working in natural disasters policies, education, training, and improving the public understanding of natural disasters and the mitigation of their effects. This volume includes a CD-ROM containing electronic versions, in full color if available, of the figures, which are all printed in black-and-white in the book.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)