%{search_type} search results

We examine how deep agreements affect global welfare when such agreements are influenced by producer lobbies. We find that international cooperation on product standards can decrease welfare, and this is more likely to happen when producer lobbies are stronger. On the other hand, international cooperation on production regulations tends to enhance welfare when lobbying pressures are strong. Key to the welfare impact of deep agreements is whether the interests of producer lobbies in different countries are aligned or in conflict: the former situation tends to occur with product standards, while the latter tends to occur with production regulations.