• Editors' Foreword Jon Woronoff Preface Acronyms and Abbreviations Chronology Introduction THE DICTIONARY Bibliography About the author.
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For almost four thousand years, men and women with power have exploited vulnerable populations for cheap or free labor. These slaves, serfs, helots, tenants, peons, bonded or forced laborers, etc., built pyramids and temples, dug canals and mined the earth for precious metals and gemstones. They built the palaces and mansions in which the powerful lived, grown the food they ate, spun the cloth that clothed them. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of Slavery and Abolition relates the long and brutal history of slavery and the struggle for abolition using several key features: *Chronology *Introductory essay *Appendixes *Extensive bibliography *Over 500 cross-referenced entries on forms of slavery, famous slaves and abolitionists, sources of slaves, and current conditions of modern slavery around the world This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about slavery and abolition.
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Slavery's origins lie far back in the mists of prehistoric times and have spanned the globe, two facts that most history texts fail to address. This comprehensive volume provides a historical overview of slavery through the ages, from prehistoric times to the modern day, while detailing the different forms, the various sources, and the circumstances existing in different countries and regions. As a broad reference source, it provides a complete look at slavery by discussing the causes and cures, as well as the plight of those who fought for and against it. Every public, college, and high school library will want this available for students and other researchers.
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• 1. Slavery in the Western Sudan--
• 2. Abolition and retreat: Senegal, 1848-1876--
• 3. Slavery, slave-trading and social revolution--
• 4. Senegal after Briere--
• 5. Conquest of the Sudan: Desbordes to Archinard--
• 6. Senegal in the 1890s--
• 7. The end of the conquest--
• 8. The imposition of metropolitan priorities on slavery--
• 9. With smoke and mirrors: slavery and the conquest of Guinea--
• 10. The Banamba exodus--
• 11. French fears and the limits to an emancipation policy--
• 12. Looking for the tracks: how they did it--
• 13. After the war: renegotiating social relations--
• 14. A question of honour.
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Martin Klein's eagerly awaited book is a history of slaves during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in three former French colonies. It investigates the changing nature of local slavery over time, and the evolving French attitudes towards it, through the phases of trade, conquest and colonial rule. The heart of the study focuses on the period between 1876 and 1922, when a French army composed largely of slave soldiers took massive numbers of slaves in the interior, while in areas near the coast, hesitant actions were taken against slave-raiding, trading and use. After 1900, the French withdrew state support of slavery, and as many as a million slaves left their masters. A second exodus occurred after World War I, when soldiers of slave origin returned home. The renegotiation of relationships between those who remained and their masters carries the story into the contemporary world.
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Because the American history of slavery and emancipation tends to be foremost in Western minds, few realise that traditional forms of servitude still exist in a variety of places around the world: children are sold on the streets of Bangkok, bondage persists in India despite official efforts to abolish it and, until 1980, slavery was legal in Mauritania. "Breaking the Chains" deals with emancipation in African and Asian societies which were either colonised or came under the domination of European powers in the 19th century. In these societies, emancipation involved the imposition on non-European societies of an explicitly European discourse on slavery, and, in most cases, a free labour ideology. Most of the slave masters described in these essays were not European and found European ideas on emancipation difficult to accept. Against this backdrop, the essayists (many of whom contribute their own non-Western perspective) focus on the transition from slavery (or other forms of bondage) to emancipation. They show that in each case the process involved pressure from European abolition movements, the extension of capitalist relations or production, the concerns and perceptions of the colonial state, and the efforts of non-Western elites to modernise their cultures. Martin Klein argues that the Asian and African experience has much in common with the American experience, particularly in efforts to control labour and family life. The struggle to control the labour of former slaves has often been intense and, he suggests, has had a continuing impact on the social order in former slave societies.
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Because the American history of slavery and emancipation tends to be foremost in Western minds, few realise that traditional forms of servitude still exist in a variety of places around the world: children are sold on the streets of Bangkok, bondage persists in India despite official efforts to abolish it and, until 1980, slavery was legal in Mauritania. "Breaking the Chains" deals with emancipation in African and Asian societies which were either colonised or came under the domination of European powers in the 19th century. In these societies, emancipation involved the imposition on non-European societies of an explicitly European discourse on slavery, and, in most cases, a free labour ideology. Most of the slave masters described in these essays were not European and found European ideas on emancipation difficult to accept. Against this backdrop, the essayists (many of whom contribute their own non-Western perspective) focus on the transition from slavery (or other forms of bondage) to emancipation. They show that in each case the process involved pressure from European abolition movements, the extension of capitalist relations or production, the concerns and perceptions of the colonial state, and the efforts of non-Western elites to modernise their cultures. Martin Klein argues that the Asian and African experience has much in common with the American experience, particularly in efforts to control labour and family life. The struggle to control the labour of former slaves has often been intense and, he suggests, has had a continuing impact on the social order in former slave societies.
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African peasant groups and their historical evolution are described in this set of original essays. The editor reviews definitions of what a peasant is, and the circumstances of African peasantry in the light of developing political economy theory. The papers that follow deal with such topics as the determinants of the African peasant's place in society, land holding, the adoption of a cash crop economy, and the African peasant under different types and phases of foreign domination.
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• The international context-- French Africa-- German Africa-- British Africa.
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Colonial rule started with an endless succession of small, but often brutal, wars of conquest, the moral justification for which was that the European conquerors were bringing 'civilization' to 'darkest Africa'. An intrinsic part of this so-called 'civilizing mission' was the eradication of slave raiding, slave trading and slavery, all of which were widespread on the continent. Some of the studies in this book are on areas where there has been little research, such as the German colonies and the Algerian Sahara. Others throw new light on questions already debated, such as emancipation on the Gold Coast. Some focus on the impact of abolition on particular groups of slaves. Among the themes considered is the role of slaves in their own emancipation, the short and long term results of abolition, the role of the League of Nations, and the vestiges of slavery in Africa today.
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• Introduction: sources and methods - writing about African slavery and the slave trade Alice Bellagamba, Sandra E. Greene and Martin A. Klein--
• 1. Excavating Arabic sources for the history of slavery and slave trade in Western Africa Ghislaine Lydon and Bruce Hall--
• 2. Christian missionaries on record: documenting slavery and the slave trade from the late fifteenth to the early twentieth century Sandra E. Greene--
• 3. Early-modern European-language sources on African slavery: the historian at work Pierluigi Valsecchi--
• 4. African intellectual ideas in the age of legal slavery and the slave trade Sandra E. Greene and Oluwatoyin Oduntan--
• 5. Looking for slavery in colonial archives: French West Africa Martin A. Klein--
• 6. Slave voices in African colonial courts: sources and methods Kristin Mann and Richard Roberts--
• 7. Understanding African slavery past through spirit possession Alessandra Brivio--
• 8. Yesterday and today: oral representations of the past and the legacy of African slavery Alice Bellagamba.
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What were the experiences of those in Africa who suffered from the practice of slavery, those who found themselves captured and sold from person to person, those who died on the trails, those who were forced to live in fear? And what of those Africans who profited from the slave trade and slavery? What were their perspectives? How do we access any of these experiences and views? This volume explores diverse sources such as oral testimonies, possession rituals, Arabic language sources, European missionary, administrative and court records and African intellectual writings to discover what they can tell us about slavery and the slave trade in Africa. Also discussed are the methodologies that can be used to uncover the often hidden experiences of Africans embedded in these sources. This book will be invaluable for students and researchers interested in the history of slavery, the slave trade and post-slavery in Africa.
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• Introduction. When the past shadows the present: the legacy in Africa of slavery and the slave trade / Alice Bellagamba, Sandra E. Greene, and Martin Klein
• The struggle for political emancipation of slave descendants in contemporary Borgu, northern Benin / Eric Komlavi Hahonou
• On remembering slavery in northern Igbo proverbial discourse / Damian U. Opata
• To cut the rope from one's neck? manumission documents of slave descendants from central Malian Fulbe society / Lotte Pelckmans
• Memories of slavery in a former slave-trading community: the Aro of the Bight of Biafra / G. Ugo Nwokeji
• Tabula and Pa Jacob, two twentieth-century slave narratives from Cameroon / Zacharie Saha
• Songs of sorrow, songs of triumph: memories of the slave trade among the Bulsa of Ghana / Emmanuel Saboro
• Evoking the past through material culture: the Mami Tchamba shrine / Alessandra Brivio
• Slave ancestry and religious discrimination in The Gambia / Alice Bellagamba and Martin Klein
• Memories of slavery and the slave trade from Futa Toro, northern Senegal / Makhroufi Ousmane Traoré.

• Part I. Oral Traditions, Historical Tales, and Interviews-- Part II. Songs, Prayers, Proverbs, and Material Culture-- Part III. Written Accounts by African Authors-- Part IV. European Travelers' Accounts-- Part V. Colonial Reports and Documents-- Part VI. Voices of Slaves in the Courtroom-- Part VII. Missionary Records-- Part VIII. Islamic Sources-- Part IX. Contemporary African Societies and the Legacy of Slavery.
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Though the history of slavery is a central topic for African, Atlantic world and world history, most of the sources presenting research in this area are European in origin. To cast light on African perspectives, and on the point of view of enslaved men and women, this group of top Africanist scholars has examined both conventional historical sources (such as European travel accounts, colonial documents, court cases, and missionary records) and less-explored sources of information (such as folklore, oral traditions, songs and proverbs, life histories collected by missionaries and colonial officials, correspondence in Arabic, and consular and admiralty interviews with runaway slaves). Each source has a short introduction highlighting its significance and orienting the reader. This first of two volumes provides students and scholars with a trove of African sources for studying African slavery and slave trade.
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