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• Electrons, Bonds, and Molecular Properties
• Molecular Representations
• Acids and Bases
• Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
• Stereoisomerism
• Chemical Reactivity and Mechanisms
• Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination Reactions
• Addition Reactions of Alkenes
• Alkynes
• Radical Reactions
• Synthesis
• Alcohols and Phenols
• Ethers and Epoxides; Thiols and Sulfides
• Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
• Conjugated Pi Systems and Pericyclic Reactions
• Aromatic Compounds
• Aromatic Substitution Reactions
• Aldehydes and Ketones
• Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
• Alpha Carbon Chemistry: Enols and Enolates
• Amines
• Introduction to Organometallic Compounds
• Carbohydrates
• Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
• Lipids
• Synthetic Polymers.

• Chapter 1. THE SKILLS YOU NEED. 1.1 The Goal of This book. 1.2 Mechanisms Are Your Keys to Success.
• Chapter 2. INTRO TO IONIC MECHANISMS. 2.1 Curved Arrows. 2.2 The Basic Moves. 2.3 Combining the Basic Moves.
• Chapter 3. ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION. 3.1 Halogenation and the role of Lewis Acids. 3.2 Nitration. 3.3 Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation. 3.4 Sulfonation. 3.5 Modifying the Nucleophilicity of the Nucleophile. 3.6 Predicting Directing Effects. 3.7 Identifying Activators and Deactivators. 3.8 Predicting and Exploiting Steric Effects. 3.9 Synthesis Strategies.
• Chapter 4. NUCLEOPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION. 4.1 Criteria for Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. 4.2 SNAr Mechanism. 4.3 Elimination-Addition. 4.4 Mechanism Strategies.
• Chapter 5. KETONES AND ALDEHYDES. 5.1 Preparation of Ketones and Aldehydes. 5.2 Stability and Reactivity of the Carbonyl. 5.3 H-Nucleophiles. 5.4 O-Nucleophiles. 5.5 S-Nucleophiles. 5.6 N-Nucleophiles. 5.7 C-Nucleophiles. 5.8 Some Important Exceptions to the Rule. 5.9 How to Approach Synthesis Problems.
• Chapter 6. CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES. 6.1 General Rules. 6.2 Acyl Halides. 6.3 Anhydrides. 6.4 Esters. 6.5 Amides and Nitriles. 6.6 Synthesis Problems.
• Chapter 7. ENOLS AND ENOLATES. 7.1 Keto-Enol Tautomerism. 7.2 Reactions Involving Enols. 7.3 Making Enolates. 7.4 Haloform Reactions. 7.5 Alkylation of Enolates. 7.6 Aldol Reaction and Aldol Condensation. 7.7 Claisen Condensation. 7.8 Decarboxylation Provides Some Useful Synthetic Techniques. 7.9 Michael Reactions.
• Chapter 8. AMINES. 8.1 Nucleophilicity and Basicity of Amines and Amides. 8.2 Preparation of Amines through SN2 Reactions. 8.3 Preparation of Amines through Reductive Amination. 8.4 Preparation of Amines from Amides. 8.5 Acylation of Amines. 8.6 Reactions of Amines with Nitrous Acid. 8.7 Aromatic Diazonium Salts. Answer Key. Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Building on the resounding success of the first volume (0-471-27235-3), Organic Chemistry as a Second Language, Volume 2 provides readers with clear, easy-to-understand explanations of fundamental principles. It explores the critical concepts while also examining why they are relevant. The core content is presented within the framework of predicting products, proposing mechanisms, and solving synthesis problems. Readers will fine-tune the key skills involved in solving those types of problems with the help of interactive, step-by-step instructions and problems.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1 Bond-Line Drawings 1 1.1 How to Read Bond-Line Drawings 1 1.2 How to Draw Bond-Line Drawings 4 1.3 Mistakes to Avoid 6 1.4 More Exercises 6 1.5 Identifying Formal Charges 8 1.6 Finding Lone Pairs that are Not Drawn 11 Chapter 2 Resonance 15 2.1 What is Resonance? 15 2.2 Curved Arrows: The Tools for Drawing Resonance Structures 16 2.3 The Two Commandments 17 2.4 Drawing Good Arrows 20 2.5 Formal Charges in Resonance Structures 22 2.6 Drawing Resonance Structures-Step by Step 25 2.7 Drawing Resonance Structures-by Recognizing Patterns 29 2.8 Assessing the Relative Importance of Resonance Structures 36 Chapter 3 Acid-Base Reactions 41 3.1 Factor 1-What Atom is the Charge On? 41 3.2 Factor 2-Resonance 44 3.3 Factor 3-Induction 47 3.4 Factor 4-Orbitals 49 3.5 Ranking the Four Factors 50 3.6 Other Factors 53 3.7 Quantitative Measurement (pKa Values) 54 3.8 Predicting the Position of Equilibrium 54 3.9 Showing a Mechanism 55 Chapter 4 Geometry 57 4.1 Orbitals and Hybridization States 57 4.2 Geometry 60 4.3 Lone Pairs 62 Chapter 5 Nomenclature 64 5.1 Functional Group 65 5.2 Unsaturation 66 5.3 Naming the Parent Chain 67 5.4 Naming Substituents 70 5.5 Stereoisomerism 72 5.6 Numbering 74 5.7 Common Names 78 5.8 Going from a Name to a Structure 79 Chapter 6 Conformations 80 6.1 How to Draw a Newman Projection 80 6.2 Ranking the Stability of Newman Projections 84 6.3 Drawing Chair Conformations 86 6.4 Placing Groups on the Chair 90 6.5 Ring Flipping 93 6.6 Comparing the Stability of Chairs 99 6.7 Don't Be Confused by the Nomenclature 102 Chapter 7 Configurations 103 7.1 Locating Chiral Centers 103 7.2 Determining the Configuration of a Chiral Center 106 7.3 Nomenclature 113 7.4 Drawing Enantiomers 116 7.5 Diastereomers 120 7.6 Meso Compounds 121 7.7 Drawing Fischer Projections 123 7.8 Optical Activity 127 Chapter 8 Mechanisms 129 8.1 Introduction to Mechanisms 129 8.2 Nucleophiles and Electrophiles 129 8.3 Basicity vs. Nucleophilicity 131 8.4 Arrow-Pushing Patterns for Ionic Mechanisms 133 8.5 Carbocation Rearrangements 138 8.6 Information Contained in a Mechanism 142 Chapter 9 Substitution Reactions 145 9.1 The Mechanisms 145 9.2 Factor 1-The Electrophile (Substrate) 147 9.3 Factor 2-The Nucleophile 149 9.4 Factor 3-The Leaving Group 151 9.5 Factor 4-The Solvent 153 9.6 Using All Four Factors 155 9.7 Substitution Reactions Teach Us Some Important Lessons 156 Chapter 10 Elimination Reactions 157 10.1 The E2 Mechanism 157 10.2 The Regiochemical Outcome of an E2 Reaction 158 10.3 The Stereochemical Outcome of an E2 Reaction 159 10.4 The E1 Mechanism 162 10.5 The Regiochemical Outcome of an E1 Reaction 163 10.6 The Stereochemical Outcome of an E1 Reaction 164 10.7 Substitution vs. Elimination 164 10.8 Determining the Function of the Reagent 165 10.9 Identifying the Mechanism(s) 167 10.10 Predicting the Products 169 Chapter 11 Addition Reactions 172 11.1 Terminology Describing Regiochemistry 172 11.2 Terminology Describing Stereochemistry 174 11.3 Adding H and H 180 11.4 Adding H and X, Markovnikov 183 11.5 Adding H and Br, Anti-Markovnikov 188 11.6 Adding H and OH, Markovnikov 192 11.7 Adding H and OH, Anti-Markovnikov 194 11.8 Synthesis Techniques 198 11.9 Adding Br and Br
• Adding Br and OH 204 11.10 Adding OH and OH, Anti 209 11.11 Adding OH and OH, syn 211 11.12 Oxidative Cleavage of an Alkene 213 Summary of Reactions 214 Chapter 12 Alkynes 216 12.1 Structure and Properties of Alkynes 216 12.2 Preparation of Alkynes 218 12.3 Alkylation of Terminal Alkynes 219 12.4 Reduction of Alkynes 221 12.5 Hydration of Alkynes 224 12.6 Keto-Enol Tautomerization 227 12.7 Ozonolysis of Alkynes 232 Chapter 13 Alcohols 234 13.1 Naming and Designating Alcohols 234 13.2 Predicting Solubility of Alcohols 235 13.3 Predicting Relative Acidity of Alcohols 237 13.4 Preparing Alcohols: A Review 239 13.5 Preparing Alcohols via Reduction 240 13.6 Preparing Alcohols via Grignard Reactions 246 13.7 Summary of Methods for Preparing Alcohols 249 13.8 Reactions of Alcohols: Substitution and Elimination 250 13.9 Reactions of Alcohols: Oxidation 253 13.10 Converting an Alcohol into an Ether 255 Chapter 14 Ethers and Epoxides 257 14.1 Introduction to Ethers 257 14.2 Preparation of Ethers 259 14.3 Reactions of Ethers 261 14.4 Preparation of Epoxides 262 14.5 Ring-Opening Reactions of Epoxides 264 Chapter 15 Synthesis 270 15.1 One-Step Syntheses 271 15.2 Multistep Syntheses 283 15.3 Retrosynthetic Analysis 284 15.4 Creating Your Own Problems 285 Detailed Solutions 287 Index 381.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Organic chemistry can be a challenging subject. Most students view organic chemistry as a subject requiring hours upon hours of memorization. Author David Klein's Second Language books prove this is not true-organic chemistry is one continuous story that actually makes sense if you pay attention. Offering a unique skill-building approach, these market-leading books teach students how to ask the right questions to solve problems, study more efficiently to avoid wasting time, and learn to speak the language of organic chemistry. Covering the initial half of the course, Organic Chemistry as a Second Language: First Semester Topics reviews critical principles and explains their relevance to the rest of the course. Each section provides hands-on exercises and step-by-step explanations to help students fully comprehend classroom lectures and textbook content. Now in its fifth edition, this valuable study resource covers the characteristics of molecules, the nature of atomic bonds, the relationships between different types of molecules, drawing and naming molecules, and essential molecular reactions.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1 Aromaticity 1 1.1 Introduction to Aromatic Compounds 1 1.2 Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds 2 1.3 Criteria for Aromaticity 6 1.4 Lone Pairs 9
• Chapter 2 IR Spectroscopy 11 2.1 Vibrational Excitation 11 2.2 IR Spectra 13 2.3 Wavenumber 13 2.4 Signal Intensity 18 2.5 Signal Shape 19 2.6 Analyzing an IR Spectrum 26
• Chapter 3 NMR Spectroscopy 33 3.1 Chemical Equivalence 33 3.2 Chemical Shift (Benchmark Values) 36 3.3 Integration 41 3.4 Multiplicity 44 3.5 Pattern Recognition 46 3.6 Complex Splitting 48 3.7 No Splitting 49 3.8 Hydrogen Deficiency Index (Degrees of Unsaturation) 50 3.9 Analyzing a Proton NMR Spectrum 53 3.10 13C NMR Spectroscopy 57
• Chapter 4 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution 60 4.1 Halogenation and the Role of Lewis Acids 61 4.2 Nitration 65 4.3 Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation 67 4.4 Sulfonation 74 4.5 Activation and Deactivation 78 4.6 Directing Effects 80 4.7 Identifying Activators and Deactivators 89 4.8 Predicting and Exploiting Steric Effects 99 4.9 Synthesis Strategies 106
• Chapter 5 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 112 5.1 Criteria for Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 112 5.2 SNAr Mechanism 114 5.3 Elimination-Addition 120 5.4 Mechanism Strategies 125
• Chapter 6 Ketones and Aldehydes 127 6.1 Preparation of Ketones and Aldehydes 127 6.2 Stability and Reactivity of C===O Bonds 130 6.3 H-Nucleophiles 132 6.4 O-Nucleophiles 137 6.5 S-Nucleophiles 147 6.6 N-Nucleophiles 149 6.7 C-Nucleophiles 157 6.8 Exceptions to the Rule 166 6.9 How to Approach Synthesis Problems 170
• Chapter 7 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 176 7.1 Reactivity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 176 7.2 General Rules 177 7.3 Acid Halides 181 7.4 Acid Anhydrides 189 7.5 Esters 191 7.6 Amides and Nitriles 200 7.7 Synthesis Problems 209
• Chapter 8 Enols and Enolates 217 8.1 Alpha Protons 217 8.2 Keto-Enol Tautomerism 219 8.3 Reactions Involving Enols 223 8.4 Making Enolates 226 8.5 Haloform Reaction 229 8.6 Alkylation of Enolates 232 8.7 Aldol Reactions 236 8.8 Claisen Condensation 242 8.9 Decarboxylation 249 8.10 Michael Reactions 256
• Chapter 9 Amines 263 9.1 Nucleophilicity and Basicity of Amines 263 9.2 Preparation of Amines Through SN2 Reactions 265 9.3 Preparation of Amines Through Reductive Amination 268 9.4 Acylation of Amines 273 9.5 Reactions of Amines with Nitrous Acid 276 9.6 Aromatic Diazonium Salts 279
• Chapter 10 Diels-Alder Reactions 282 10.1 Introduction and Mechanism 282 10.2 The Dienophile 285 10.3 The Diene 286 10.4 Other Pericyclic Reactions 292 Detailed Solutions S-1 Index I-1.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Organic chemistry can be a challenging subject. Most students view organic chemistry as a subject requiring hours upon hours of memorization. Author David Klein's Second Language books prove this is not true-organic chemistry is one continuous story that actually makes sense if you pay attention. Offering a unique skill-building approach, these market-leading books teach students how to ask the right questions to solve problems, study more efficiently to avoid wasting time, and learn to speak the language of organic chemistry. The fifth edition of Organic Chemistry as a Second Language: Second Semester Topics builds upon the principles previously explored in first half of the course-delving deeper into molecular mechanisms, reactions, and analytical techniques. Hands-on exercises and thoroughly-explained solutions further reinforce student comprehension of chemical concepts and organic principles. An indispensable supplement to the primary text, this resource covers aromatic compounds, infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, nucleophilic and electrophilic aromatic substitution, ketones and aldehydes, carboxylic acid derivatives, and much more.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• A review of general chemistry : electrons, bonds, and molecular properties
• Molecular representations
• Acids and bases
• Alkanes and cycloalkanes
• Stereoisomerism
• Chemical reactivity and mechanisms
• Alkyl halides : nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions
• Addition reactions of alkenes
• Alkynes
• Radical reactions
• Synthesis
• Alcohols and phenols
• Ethers and epoxides; thiols and sulfides
• Infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry
• Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
• Conjugated pi systems and pericyclic reactions
• Aromatic compounds
• Aromatic substitution reactions
• Aldehydes and ketones
• Carboxylic acids and their derivatives
• Alpha carbon chemistry : enols and enolates
• Amines
• Introduction to organometallic compounds
• Carbohydrates
• Amino acids, peptides, and proteins
• Lipids
• Synthetic polymers.

Organic Chemistry, 3rd Edition is not merely a compilation of principles, but rather, it is a disciplined method of thought and analysis. Success in organic chemistry requires mastery in two core aspects: fundamental concepts and the skills needed to apply those concepts and solve problems. Readers must learn to become proficient at approaching new situations methodically, based on a repertoire of skills. These skills are vital for successful problem solving in organic chemistry. Existing textbooks provide extensive coverage of, the principles, but there is far less emphasis on the skills needed to actually solve problems.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• CHAPTER 1 BOND-LINE DRAWINGS 1 1.1 How to Read Bond-Line Drawings 1 1.2 How to Draw Bond-Line Drawings 5 1.3 Mistakes to Avoid 7 1.4 More Exercises 7 1.5 Identifying Formal Charges 9 1.6 Finding Lone Pairs that are Not Drawn 13 CHAPTER 2 RESONANCE 18 2.1 What is Resonance? 18 2.2 Curved Arrows: The Tools for Drawing Resonance Structures 19 2.3 The Two Commandments 21 2.4 Drawing Good Arrows 24 2.5 Formal Charges in Resonance Structures 26 2.6 Drawing Resonance Structures Step by Step 30 2.7 Drawing Resonance Structures by Recognizing Patterns 34 2.8 Assessing the Relative Importance of Resonance Structures 43 CHAPTER 3 ACID BASE REACTIONS 49 3.1 Factor 1 What Atom is the Charge On? 50 3.2 Factor 2 Resonance 53 3.3 Factor 3 Induction 56 3.4 Factor 4 Orbitals 59 3.5 Ranking the Four Factors 60 3.6 Other Factors 63 3.7 Quantitative Measurement (pKa Values) 64 3.8 Predicting the Position of Equilibrium 65 3.9 Showing a Mechanism 66 CHAPTER 4 GEOMETRY 69 4.1 Orbitals and Hybridization States 69 4.2 Geometry 72 4.3 Lone Pairs 76 CHAPTER 5 NOMENCLATURE 77 5.1 Functional Group 78 5.2 Unsaturation 80 5.3 Naming the Parent Chain 81 5.4 Naming Substituents 84 5.5 Stereoisomerism 88 5.6 Numbering 90 5.7 Common Names 95 5.8 Going from a Name to a Structure 96 CHAPTER 6 CONFORMATIONS 97 6.1 How to Draw a Newman Projection 98 6.2 Ranking the Stability of Newman Projections 102 6.3 Drawing Chair Conformations 105 6.4 Placing Groups On the Chair 108 6.5 Ring Flipping 112 6.6 Comparing the Stability of Chairs 119 6.7 Don t Be Confused by the Nomenclature 122 CHAPTER 7 CONFIGURATIONS 123 7.1 Locating Stereocenters 123 7.2 Determining the Configuration of a Stereocenter 126 7.3 Nomenclature 134 7.4 Drawing Enantiomers 138 7.5 Diastereomers 143 7.6 Meso Compounds 144 7.7 Drawing Fischer Projections 147 7.8 Optical Activity 152 CHAPTER 8 MECHANISMS 154 8.1 Introduction to Mechanisms 154 8.2 Nucleophiles and Electrophiles 154 8.3 Basicity vs. Nucleophilicity 157 8.4 Arrow-Pushing Patterns for Ionic Mechanisms 159 8.5 Carbocation Rearrangements 164 8.6 Information Contained in a Mechanism 169 CHAPTER 9 SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS 173 9.1 The Mechanisms 173 9.2 Factor 1 The Electrophile (Substrate) 175 9.3 Factor 2 The Nucleophile 178 9.4 Factor 3 The Leaving Group 180 9.5 Factor 4 The Solvent 183 9.6 Using All Four Factors 185 9.7 Substitution Reactions Teach Us Some Important Lessons 186 CHAPTER 10 ELIMINATION REACTIONS 188 10.1 The E2 Mechanism 188 10.2 The Regiochemical Outcome of an E2 Reaction 189 10.3 The Stereochemical Outcome of an E2 Reaction 191 10.4 The E1 Mechanism 194 10.5 The Regiochemical Outcome of an E1 Reaction 195 10.6 The Stereochemical Outcome of an E1 Reaction 196 10.7 Substitution vs. Elimination 196 10.8 Determining the Function of the Reagent 197 10.9 Identifying the Mechanism(s) 199 10.10 Predicting the Products 202 CHAPTER 11 ADDITION REACTIONS 206 11.1 Terminology Describing Regiochemistry 206 11.2 Terminology Describing Stereochemistry 208 11.3 Adding H and H 216 11.4 Adding H and X, Markovnikov 219 11.5 Adding H and Br, Anti-Markovnikov 226 11.6 Adding H and OH, Markovnikov 230 11.7 Adding H and OH, Anti-Markovnikov 233 11.8 Synthesis Techniques 238 11.9 Adding Br and Br
• Adding Br and OH 245 11.10 Adding OH and OH, ANTI 250 11.11 Adding OH and OH, SYN 253 11.12 Oxidative Cleavage of an Alkene 255 CHAPTER 12 ALKYNES 258 12.1 Structure and Properties of Alkynes 258 12.2 Preparation of Alkynes 261 12.3 Alkylation of Terminal Alkynes 262 12.4 Reduction of Alkynes 264 12.5 Hydration of Alkynes 268 12.6 Keto-Enol Tautomerization 273 12.7 Ozonolysis of Alkynes 278 CHAPTER 13 ALCOHOLS 280 13.1 Naming and Designating Alcohols 280 13.2 Predicting Solubility of Alcohols 281 13.3 Predicting Relative Acidity of Alcohols 283 13.4 Preparing Alcohols: A Review 286 13.5 Preparing Alcohols via Reduction 287 13.6 Preparing Alcohols via Grignard Reactions 294 13.7 Summary of Methods for Preparing Alcohols 298 13.8 Reactions of Alcohols: Substitution and Elimination 300 13.9 Reactions of Alcohols: Oxidation 303 13.10 Converting an Alcohol Into an Ether 305 CHAPTER 14 ETHERS AND EPOXIDES 308 14.1 Introduction to Ethers 308 14.2 Preparation of Ethers 310 14.3 Reactions of Ethers 313 14.4 Preparation of Epoxides 314 14.5 Ring-Opening Reactions of Epoxides 316 CHAPTER 15 SYNTHESIS 323 15.1 One-Step Syntheses 324 15.2 Multistep Syntheses 336 15.3 Retrosynthetic Analysis 337 15.4 Creating Your Own Problems 338 Answer Key 339 Index 000.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

* Helps develop the skills needed to solve a variety of problem types. * Presents the fundamental topics clearly with an informal, friendly tone. * Describes the how-to of problem solving, including approaching problems strategically. * Discusses the relationship between concepts and puts topics in context. * Covers important areas such as resonance, nomenclature, conformations, substitution reactions, synthesis and more.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1 Aromaticity 1.1 Introduction to Aromatic Compounds 1.2 Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds 1.3 Criteria for Aromaticity 1.4 Lone Pairs
• Chapter 2 IR Spectroscopy 2.1 Vibrational Excitation 2.2 IR Spectra 2.3 Wavenumber 2.4 Signal Intensity 2.5 Signal Shape 2.6 Analyzing an IR Spectrum
• Chapter 3 NMR Spectroscopy 3.1 Chemical Equivalence 3.2 Chemical Shift (Benchmark Values) 3.3 Integration 3.4 Multiplicity 3.5 Pattern Recognition 3.6 Complex Splitting 3.7 No Splitting 3.8 Hydrogen Deficiency Index (Degrees of Unsaturation) 3.9 Analyzing a Proton NMR Spectrum 3.10 13C NMR Spectroscopy
• Chapter 4 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution 4.1 Halogenation and the Role of Lewis Acids 4.2 Nitration 4.3 Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation 4.4 Sulfonation 4.5 Activation and Deactivation 4.6 Directing Effects 4.7 Identifying Activators and Deactivators 4.8 Predicting and Exploiting Steric Effects 4.9 Synthesis Strategies
• Chapter 5 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 5.1 Criteria for Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 5.2 SNAr Mechanism 5.3 Elimination-Addition 5.4 Mechanism Strategies
• Chapter 6 Ketones and Aldehydes 6.1 Preparation of Ketones and Aldehydes 6.2 Stability and Reactivity of CO Bonds 6.3 H-Nucleophiles 6.4 O-Nucleophiles 6.5 S-Nucleophiles 6.6 N-Nucleophiles 6.7 C-Nucleophiles 6.8 Some Important Exceptions to the Rule 6.9 How to Approach Synthesis Problems
• Chapter 7 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 7.1 Reactivity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 7.2 General Rules 7.3 Acid Halides 7.4 Acid Anhydrides 7.5 Esters 7.6 Amides and Nitriles 7.7 Synthesis Problems
• Chapter 8 Enols and Enolates 8.1 Alpha Protons 8.2 Keto-Enol Tautomerism 8.3 Reactions Involving Enols 8.4 Making Enolates 8.5 Haloform Reaction 8.6 Alkylation of Enolates 8.7 Aldol Reactions 8.8 Claisen Condensation 8.9 Decarboxylation 8.10 Michael Reactions
• Chapter 9 Amines 9.1 Nucleophilicity and Basicity of Amines 9.2 Preparation of Amines through SN2 Reactions 9.3 Preparation of Amines through Reductive Amination 9.4 Acylation of Amines 9.5 Reactions of Amines with Nitrous Acid 9.6 Aromatic Diazonium Salts
• Chapter 10 Diels-Alder Reactions 10.1 Introduction and Mechanism 10.2 The Dienophile 10.3 The Diene 10.4 Other Pericyclic Reactions Answer Key Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Readers continue to turn to Klein's Organic Chemistry As a Second Language: Second Semester Topics, 4th Edition because it enables them to better understand fundamental principles, solve problems, and focus on what they need to know to succeed. The fourth edition explores the major principles in the field and explains why they are relevant. It is written in a way that clearly shows the patterns in organic chemistry so that readers can gain a deeper conceptual understanding of the material. Topics are presented clearly in an accessible writing style along with numerous hands-on problem solving exercises.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 A Review of General Chemistry: Electrons, Bonds, and Molecular Properties 2 Molecular Representations 3 Acids and Bases 4 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes 5 Stereoisomerism 6 Chemical Reactivity and Mechanisms 7 Substitution Reactions 8 Alkenes: Structure and Preparation via Elimination Reactions 9 Addition Reactions of Alkenes 10 Alkynes 11 Radical Reactions 12 Synthesis 13 Alcohols and Phenols 14 Ethers and Epoxides
• Thiols and Sulfides 15 Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry 16 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 17 Conjugated Pi Systems and Pericyclic Reactions 18 Aromatic Compounds 19 Aromatic Substitution Reactions 20 Aldehydes and Ketones 21 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives 22 Alpha Carbon Chemistry: Enols and Enolates 23 Amines 24 Carbohydrates 25 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 26 Lipids 27 Synthetic Polymers.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

In Organic Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Dr. David Klein builds on his unique skills-based approach, including all of the concepts typically covered in an organic chemistry textbook, but placing special emphasis on skills development to support these concepts. This emphasis upon skills development provides two-semester Organic Chemistry students with a greater opportunity to develop proficiency in the key skills necessary to succeed in organic chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 A Review of General Chemistry: Electrons, Bonds, and Molecular Properties. 2 Molecular Representations. 3 Acids and Bases. 4 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes. 5 Stereoisomerism. 6 Chemical Reactivity and Mechanisms. 7 Substitution Reactions. 8 Alkenes: Structure and Preparation via Elimination Reactions. 9 Addition Reactions of Alkenes. 10 Alkynes. 11 Radical Reactions. 12 Synthesis. 13 Alcohols and Phenols. 14 Ethers and Epoxides
• Thiols and Sulfides. 15 Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry. 16 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. 17 Conjugated Pi Systems and Pericyclic Reactions. 18 Aromatic Compounds. 19 Aromatic Substitution Reactions. 20 Aldehydes and Ketones. 21 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives. 22 Alpha Carbon Chemistry: Enols and Enolates. 23 Amines. 24 Carbohydrates. 25 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. 26 Lipids. 27 Synthetic Polymers. Glossary A-1. Credits A-12. Index. I-.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Students often say, "I studied 40 hours for this exam and I still didn't do well. Where did I go wrong?" Most instructors hear this complaint every year. In many cases, it is true that the student invested countless hours, only to produce abysmal results. Often, inefficient study habits are to blame. The important question is: why do so many students have difficulty preparing themselves for organic chemistry exams? There are certainly several factors at play here, but perhaps the most dominant factor is a fundamental disconnect between what students learn and the tasks expected of them. To address the disconnect in organic chemistry instruction, David Klein has developed a textbook that utilizes a skills-based approach to instruction. The textbook includes all of the concepts typically covered in an organic chemistry textbook, but special emphasis is placed on skills development to support these concepts. This emphasis upon skills development will provide students with a greater opportunity to develop proficiency in the key skills necessary to succeed in organic chemistry. As an example, resonance structures are used repeatedly throughout the course, and students must become masters of resonance structures early in the course. Therefore, a significant portion of chapter 1 is devoted to drawing resonance structures. Two chapters (6 and 12) are devoted almost entirely to skill development. Chapter 6 emphasizes skills that are necessary for drawing mechanisms, while chapter 12 prepares the student for proposing syntheses. In addition, each chapter contains numerous Skillbuilders, each of which is designed to foster a specific skill. Each skillbuildercontains three parts: 1. Learn the Skill: a solved problem that demonstrates a particular skill; 2. Practice the Skill: numerous problems (similar to the solved problem) that give the students an opportunity to practice and master the skill; 3. Apply the Skill: one or two more-challenging problems in which the student must apply the skill in a slightly different environment. These problems include conceptual, cumulative, and applied problems that encourage students to think out of the box. Sometimes problems that foreshadow concepts introduced in later chapters are also included. All SkillBuilders are visually summarized at the end of each chapter (Skillbuilder review), followed by a list of suggested in-chapter and end-of-chapter practice problems.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• CHAPTER 1 IR SPECTROSCOPY 1 1.1 Vibrational Excitation 2 1.2 IR Spectra 3 1.3 Wavenumber 4 1.4 Signal Intensity 9 1.5 Signal Shape 11 1.6 Analyzing an IR Spectrum 19
• CHAPTER 2 NMR SPECTROSCOPY 26 2.1 Chemical Equivalence 26 2.2 Chemical Shift (Benchmark Values) 30 2.3 Integration 35 2.4 Multiplicity 39 2.5 Pattern Recognition 41 2.6 Complex Splitting 43 2.7 No Splitting 44 2.8 Hydrogen Deficiency Index (Degrees of Unsaturation) 46 2.9 Analyzing a Proton NMR Spectrum 49 2.10 13C NMR Spectroscopy 53
• CHAPTER 3 ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION 56 3.1 Halogenation and the Role of Lewis Acids 57 3.2 Nitration 61 3.3 Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation 64 3.4 Sulfonation 72 3.5 Activation and Deactivation 76 3.6 Directing Effects 78 3.7 Identifying Activators and Deactivators 88 3.8 Predicting and Exploiting Steric Effects 98 3.9 Synthesis Strategies 106
• CHAPTER 4 NUCLEOPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION 112 4.1 Criteria for Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 112 4.2 SNAr Mechanism 115 4.3 Elimination-Addition 121 4.4 Mechanism Strategies 126
• CHAPTER 5 KETONES AND ALDEHYDES 129 5.1 Preparation of Ketones and Aldehydes 129 5.2 Stability and Reactivity of C..O Bonds 133 5.3 H-Nucleophiles 135 5.4 O-Nucleophiles 140 5.5 S-Nucleophiles 153 5.6 N-Nucleophiles 155 5.7 C-Nucleophiles 165 5.8 Some Important Exceptions to the Rule 175 5.9 How to Approach Synthesis Problems 180
• CHAPTER 6 CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES 187 6.1 Reactivity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 187 6.2 General Rules 188 6.3 Acid Halides 192 6.4 Acid Anhydrides 201 6.5 Esters 203 6.6 Amides and Nitriles 213 6.7 Synthesis Problems 222
• CHAPTER 7 ENOLS AND ENOLATES 231 7.1 Alpha Protons 231 7.2 Keto-Enol Tautomerism 233 7.3 Reactions Involving Enols 238 7.4 Making Enolates 241 7.5 Haloform Reaction 244 7.6 Alkylation of Enolates 247 7.7 Aldol Reactions 252 7.8 Claisen Condensation 259 7.9 Decarboxylation 266 7.10 Michael Reactions 273
• CHAPTER 8 AMINES 281 8.1 Nucleophilicity and Basicity of Amines 281 8.2 Preparation of Amines through SN2 Reactions 283 8.3 Preparation of Amines through Reductive Amination 287 8.4 Acylation of Amines 291 8.5 Reactions of Amines with Nitrous Acid 295 8.6 Aromatic Diazonium Salts 298 Answer Key 301 Index 345.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Readers continue to turn to Klein because it enables them to better understand fundamental principles, solve problems, and focus on what they need to know to succeed. The third edition explores the major principles in the field and explains why they are relevant. It is written in a way that clearly shows the patterns in organic chemistry so that readers can gain a deeper conceptual understanding of the material. Topics are presented clearly in an accessible writing style along with numerous of hands-on problem solving exercises.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)