• Introduction: Where a free man can abide with honor
• "But I have no wish to be discharged" : when imprisonment became political
• Night and fog : the regime and its prisoners
• "Everyone learned prison" : becoming a political prisoner
• "You have the consolation of being very much in the fight" : the cause in prison
• "How to free your prisoner" : the personal and the political of international prisoner support
• "A close-knit group, chosen with care" : community and order in the political camp and prison
• "I was confusing the prison" : the contest in the cell
• "Why wouldn't I laugh, when I win either way?" : the hunger strike
• "This purgatory is useful" : how prison forges politics
• Conclusion: The politics of prisoners' stories
• Epilogue: "Nobody survives Guantanamo" : a political prison today.

What is it that political prisoners do? What part does the imprisoned activist play in the conflict between regimes and their opponents around the world? Why, in short, are there political prisoners? The answers to these questions may seem obvious, as political incarceration today seems to offer the clearest evidence of a repressive regime, and of a determined political opposition. Yet surely there are more effective alternatives, for both states and their opponents, than incarceration. Imprisoned opponents, like those of the African National Congress in South Africa, or of Solidarity in Poland, or of the Irish Republican Army in Northern Ireland -just to mention a few examples from the last quarter-century-may eventually claim or share power, while those who are executed or exiled will not pose the same threat. From the opposition's point of view, in turn, imprisonment, even though it deprives the movement of a valued contributor, is often a badge of honor, and central to the story of contestation with the regime. So does prison contribute to the struggle, or is it a hindrance? Remarkably, the political prisoner has never received attention as a historical actor, our perceptions of them awash in cliches and archetypes. We think immediately of Nelson Mandela, or perhaps Vaclav Havel: good men, engaged in a moral struggle against bad regimes. But can that really be an acceptable definition, when Adolph Hitler too was a political prisoner? Can we understand what political prisoners are and what they do if we do not include those whose goals or ethics are different from our own? Dance in Chains-the title inspired by a song composed by a socialist on death row in a Warsaw prison 120 years ago-draws upon research in Poland, Ireland, South Africa and includes over a dozen different regimes over the last 150 years. These cases are not primarily comparative, but serve as pillars holding up a global investigation of the phenomenon. In each case, generation after generation of political opponents has gone to prison since at least the turn of the twentieth century. Yet they also vary widely, as regimes ranging from communist to fascist to colonial to democratic has imprisoned an equally wide range of opponents. Taken together, they yield a sufficiently wide spectrum to allow the reader to understand one of the central characters of modern political history.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction : Where a free man can abide with honor
• "But I have no wish to be discharged" : when imprisonment became political
• Night and fog : the regime and its prisoners
• "Everyone learned prison" : becoming a political prisoner
• "You have the consolation of being very much in the fight" : the cause in prison
• "How to free your prisoner" : the personal and the political of international prisoner support
• "A close-knit group, chosen with care" : community and order in the political camp and prison
• "I was confusing the prison" : the contest in the cell
• "Why wouldn't I laugh, when I win either way?" : the hunger strike
• "This purgatory is useful" : how prison forges politics
• Conclusion : The politics of prisoners' stories
• Epilogue: "Nobody survives Guantanamo" : a political prison today
• Notes
• Archives consulted.

What is it that political prisoners do? What part does the imprisoned activist play in the conflict between regimes and their opponents around the world? Why, in short, are there political prisoners? The answers to these questions may seem obvious, as political incarceration today seems to offer the clearest evidence of a repressive regime, and of a determined political opposition. Yet surely there are more effective alternatives, for both states and their opponents, than incarceration. Imprisoned opponents, like those of the African National Congress in South Africa, or of Solidarity in Poland, or of the Irish Republican Army in Northern Ireland -just to mention a few examples from the last quarter-century-may eventually claim or share power, while those who are executed or exiled will not pose the same threat. From the opposition's point of view, in turn, imprisonment, even though it deprives the movement of a valued contributor, is often a badge of honor, and central to the story of contestation with the regime. So does prison contribute to the struggle, or is it a hindrance? Remarkably, the political prisoner has never received attention as a historical actor, our perceptions of them awash in cliches and archetypes. We think immediately of Nelson Mandela, or perhaps Vaclav Havel: good men, engaged in a moral struggle against bad regimes. But can that really be an acceptable definition, when Adolph Hitler too was a political prisoner? Can we understand what political prisoners are and what they do if we do not include those whose goals or ethics are different from our own? Dance in Chains-the title inspired by a song composed by a socialist on death row in a Warsaw prison 120 years ago-draws upon research in Poland, Ireland, South Africa and includes over a dozen different regimes over the last 150 years. These cases are not primarily comparative, but serve as pillars holding up a global investigation of the phenomenon. In each case, generation after generation of political opponents has gone to prison since at least the turn of the twentieth century. Yet they also vary widely, as regimes ranging from communist to fascist to colonial to democratic has imprisoned an equally wide range of opponents. Taken together, they yield a sufficiently wide spectrum to allow the reader to understand one of the central characters of modern political history.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

What is it that political prisoners do? What part does the imprisoned activist play in the conflict between regimes and their opponents around the world? Why, in short, are there political prisoners? The answers to these questions may seem obvious, as political incarceration today seems to offer the clearest evidence of a repressive regime, and of a determined political opposition. Yet surely there are more effective alternatives, for both states and their opponents, than incarceration. Imprisoned opponents, like those of the African National Congress in South Africa, or of Solidarity in Poland, or of the Irish Republican Army in Northern Ireland -just to mention a few examples from the last quarter-century-may eventually claim or share power, while those who are executed or exiled will not pose the same threat. From the opposition's point of view, in turn, imprisonment, even though it deprives the movement of a valued contributor, is often a badge of honor, and central to the story of contestation with the regime. So does prison contribute to the struggle, or is it a hindrance? Remarkably, the political prisoner has never received attention as a historical actor, our perceptions of them awash in cliches and archetypes. We think immediately of Nelson Mandela, or perhaps Vaclav Havel: good men, engaged in a moral struggle against bad regimes. But can that really be an acceptable definition, when Adolph Hitler too was a political prisoner? Can we understand what political prisoners are and what they do if we do not include those whose goals or ethics are different from our own? Dance in Chains-the title inspired by a song composed by a socialist on death row in a Warsaw prison 120 years ago-draws upon research in Poland, Ireland, South Africa and includes over a dozen different regimes over the last 150 years. These cases are not primarily comparative, but serve as pillars holding up a global investigation of the phenomenon. In each case, generation after generation of political opponents has gone to prison since at least the turn of the twentieth century. Yet they also vary widely, as regimes ranging from communist to fascist to colonial to democratic has imprisoned an equally wide range of opponents. Taken together, they yield a sufficiently wide spectrum to allow the reader to understand one of the central characters of modern political history.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Foreword Preface List of Illustrations PART I: INTRODUCTION: CAUSES, COMPARISONS, AND CONNECTIONS Origins of an Era The Contours of a Revolutionary Wave Whom Were They Fighting? The Paths Toward Revolution PART II: THE DOCUMENTS New Ideas of Democracy and Dissent Vaclav Havel, The Power of the Powerless, 1978 Wei Jingsheng, The Fifth Modernization: Democracy, December 1978 Desmond Tutu, Change or Illusion?, March 1980 Mehdi Bazargan, Religion and Liberty, 1983 Julieta Kirkwood, Feminism's Time, 1983 Aung San Suu Kyi, In Quest of Democracy and Freedom from Fear, 1988-1989 Mikhail Gorbachev, On Socialist Democracy, January 1987 Poland, 1982-1989 The Solidarity Program, October 1981 Adam Michnik, On Resistance, 1982 Waldemar Fydrych, The Revolution of the Elves, June 1987 The Hardest Thing to Overcome Was Our Own Foolishness ..., June 1988 Jacek Kuron, Instead of Revolution, March 8, 1989 The Philippines, 1983-1986 Primer of the "Justice for Aquino, Justice for All" Movement, September 1983 Jaime Sin, Guidelines on Christian Conduct During Elections, December 28, 1985 The Civil Disobedience Campaign, February 1986 Ledivina V. Carino, The Revolution of
• 1986: A Personal Story, 1986 Chile, 1982-1988 Los de Alvear, The Contest, 1982 Sebastian Acevedo, Movement Against Torture, Protest Against El Mercurio, November 21, 1983 Gabriel Valdes, Speech at Democratic Alliance Rally, November 21, 1985 Posters from the "NO" Campaign, 1988 South Africa, 1983-1994 African National Congress, On Negotiations, October 9, 1987 United Democratic Front, Ya, The Community Is the Main Source of Power, March 1986 Alison Ozinsky, Purple Reign, September 1989 Nelson Mandela, We Are Committed to Building a Single Nation in Our Country, February 25, 1990 Ukraine, 1987-1991 Vyacheslav Chornovil, Open Letter to Mikhail Gorbachev, 1987 Ukrainian Helsinki Group, Atomic Evil Out of Ukraine!, November 1988 Founding of the Native Language Association, June 13, 1988 Ivan Drach, The Political Situation in the Ukraine and Rukh's Task, October 1990 China, 1986-1989 Fang Lizhi, Democracy, Reform, and Modernization, November 18, 1986 Government Representatives Meet with Students, April 29, 1989 Hunger Strikers' Announcement, May 12, 1989 Chai Ling, I Am Still Alive, June 8, 1989 Appendixes A Chronology of Democratic Revolutions (1968-1995) Questions for Consideration Selected Bibliography Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

A series of democratic transformations in the 1980s ended the cold war and ushered in the present era. This volume by Padraic Kenney uses six case studies from this period - Poland, the Philippines, Chile, South Africa, Ukraine, and China - to explore common characteristics of global political change while highlighting the differing strategies and perspectives of the people who sought to free themselves from dictatorship. A general introduction to the volume examines key trends in the decades leading up to the changes, tracing the paths that dictatorships and opposition movements took in their fateful confrontations. The first chapter with documents surveys the central ideas of this age of democratic, nonviolent revolution, and sets a framework for considering the case studies in the chapters that follow. The documents in each case study give voice to celebrated and uncelebrated participants alike - from Nelson Mandela and Mikhail Gorbachev to Chinese hunger strikers and an ordinary Filipino activist - and provide students with an opportunity to compare histories. Photographs, document headnotes, a chronology, questions to consider, and a selected bibliography aid students' understanding of this transformative period.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Acknowledgements-- Maps-- Introduction: The Shock of the New
• 1. Different Paths on an Open Road: Economic and Social Change
• 2. In Praise of Ethnic Cleansing? National Struggles
• 3. Peeling the Past: Nostalgia and Punishment
• 4. Portraits in Hubris: Democratic Politics
• 5. A New Europe: The East in the West Conclusion: The Edge of History Notes-- Index The countries covered are Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Serbia, Bulgaria, Albania and Macedonia.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Acknowledgements Maps Introduction: The Shock of the New
• 1. Different Paths on an Open Road: Economic and Social Change
• 2. In Praise of Ethnic Cleansing? National Struggles
• 3. Peeling the Past: Nostalgia and Punishment
• 4. Portraits in Hubris: Democratic Politics
• 5. A New Europe: The East in the West Conclusion: The Edge of History Notes Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

From Estonia to Macedonia, this book is a history of 15 countries as they make their way from communism. For some, the story ends happily, with triumphant entry into the European Union in 2004. Others are caught in limbo, destroyed by nationalist politics, war and genocide, or crippled by corrupt political practices. "The Burdens of History" considers the effects of revolutionary change, the resurgence of nationalism and the painful examination of the past. It looks at the process of building stable democratic states, and their integration with international structures. Most of the countries have been active participants in the occupation of Iraq. Domestically, each has seen a divide emerge between winners and losers. All are moving forward simultaneously to democracy, unity and prosperity, and national division, corruption, and economic disparity.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Acknowledgements Maps Introduction: The Shock of the New
• 1. Different Paths on an Open Road: Economic and Social Change
• 2. In Praise of Ethnic Cleansing? National Struggles
• 3. Peeling the Past: Nostalgia and Punishment
• 4. Portraits in Hubris: Democratic Politics
• 5. A New Europe: The East in the West Conclusion: The Edge of History Notes Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

From Estonia to Macedonia, this book is a history of 15 countries as they negotiate their transition from communism. For some, the story ends happily, with triumphant entry into the European Union in 2004.Others are caught in limbo, destroyed by nationalist politics, war and genocide, or crippled by corrupt political practices. The Burdens of Freedom considers the effects of revolutionary change, the resurgence of nationalism and the painful examination of the past. It looks at the process of building stable democratic states, and their integration with international structures. Most of the countries have established admission to the EU as a national objective; but many of them have also been active participants in the American-led occupation of Iraq. Domestically, each has seen a divide emerge between winners and losers. All are moving forward simultaneously to democracy, unity and prosperity, but also to national division and economic disparity.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• INTRODUCTION: Street Theater, Concrete Poetry 1 PART ONE: ACTORS, STAGES, REPERTOIRES 21 CHAPTER ONE: Eating the Crocodile with a Spoon, or, A Career Guide to the Underground 23 The Amnesty Trap Political Charity Church and Opposition The Workers' Dilemma Vents or Accumulators? CHAPTER TWO: Come With Us! They Aren't Beating Today! The Art of the Blizzard 57 The Ballad of Marek Adamkiewicz Conservative Pacism, Anarchist Nationalism Ideals and Instruments "Radiators" across the Bloc Zarnobyl The Blue and the Green Bratislava Speaks Up "I'd Rather Live" In the Future Tense CHAPTER THREE: As If in Europe: The International World of Peace and Human Rights 91 Reticence and Revolutionary Tourism Dialogue for an Endangered Continent Helsinki from Below On the Friendship Trail Borders Fall in East Germany Coventry Cathedral and the Church on Zytnia Street CHAPTER FOUR: The New Politics of the Konkretny Generation 121 A Shy Little Wave for Gorbachev The Lion Cubs of Western Ukraine Slovenia's People for Peace Culture Hungarian Orange Appeal Towards an Opposition in Prague Workers of the Last Hour CHAPTER FIVE: How the Smurfs Captured Gargamel, or, A Revolution of Style 157 The Elfn Rebellion Hippies in the Holy Garden The Young Subversive's Handbook Gloom in Krakow Pietia's Crusade Pornoslavia God, King, and Country in Bohemia To Become a Smurf PHOTOESSAY: PHOTOGRAPHING THE CARNIVAL 195 PART TWO: A REVOLUTION IN SIXTEEN SCENES 213 Scene One: "Blink, and I See Another World": The Candlelight March 215 Scene Two: A Tale of Two Lenins 217 Scene Three: Slovene Spring 225 Scene Four: Days That Shook Lviv 229 Scene Five: Strikes in Shades of Orange 233 Scene Six: An Invasion Remembered 238 Scene Seven: WaterDam/ned: Hungary Defends the Danube 241 Scene Eight: Independence Day and Palach Week 244 Scene Nine: Encircling the Round Table 249 Scene Ten: Mothers and Children 254 Scene Eleven: On the Fourth of June 257 Scene Twelve: Hungarians Bury the Communists 261 Scene Thirteen: Korzos and Road Races 265 Scene Fourteen: Lviv Passes the Baton 269 Scene Fifteen: The Mosquito and the Messedemos 274 Scene Sixteen: Bring a Flower with You! The Velvet Revolution 280 EPILOGUE: No More Picnics, After the Revolution 293 Jacob's Retreat Remembering 1989 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 307 NOTES 311 SOURCES 323 INDEX 331.
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This is the first history of the revolutions that toppled communism in Europe to look behind the scenes at the grassroots movements that made those revolutions happen. It looks for answers not in the salons of power brokers and famed intellectuals, not in decrepit economies - but in the whirlwind of activity that stirred so crucially, unstoppably, on the street. Melding his experience in Solidarity-era Poland with the sensibility of a historian, Padraic Kenney takes us into the hearts and minds of those revolutionaries across much of Central Europe who have since faded namelessly back into everyday life. This is a riveting story of musicians, artists, and guerrilla theater collectives subverting traditions and state power; a story of youthful social movements emerging in the 1980s in Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and parts of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union. Kenney argues that these movements were active well before glasnost. Some protested military or environmental policy. Others sought to revive national traditions or to help those at the margins of society. Many crossed forbidden borders to meet their counterparts in neighboring countries. They all conquered fear and apathy to bring people out into the streets. The result was a revolution unlike any other before: nonviolent, exuberant, even light-hearted, but also with a relentless political focus - a revolution that leapt from country to country in the exciting events of 1988 and 1989. "A Carnival of Revolution" resounds with the atmosphere of those turbulent years: the daring of new movements, the unpredictability of street demonstrations, and the hopes and regrets of the young participants. A vivid photo-essay complements engaging prose to fully capture the drama. Based on over two hundred interviews in twelve countries, and drawing on samizdat and other writings in six languages, this is among the most insightful and compelling accounts ever published of the historical milestone that ushered in our age.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• pt.
• 1: New movements and the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe
• pt.
• 2: Crisis in the underground: the search for new tactics in Poland, 1984-1985
• pt.
• 3: The Freedom and Peace Movement
• pt.
• 4: The Self-governing republic: underground democracy in Poland's factories, schools, and villages
• pt.
• 5: New movements, Solidarity, and the Strikes of 1988.

• Chapter 1 Introduction
• Part 2 1945
• Chapter 3 Recasting Democracy? Communist Parties Facing Change and Reconstruction in Post-War Europe
• Chapter 4 Window of Opportunities or trompe l'oeil? The Myth of Labor Unity in Western Europe after 1945
• Chapter 5 Liberated Zones in Northern Italy and Southeastern France: The Cases of the Alto Tortonese and the Vercors
• Chapter 6 The Influence of Socialist Realism in Italy During the Immediate Postwar Period
• Part 7 1968
• Chapter 8 "1968" and "The Cultural Revolution of the Long Sixties (c. 1958 - c. 1974)"
• Chapter 9 The Working Class Dimension Of "1968"
• Chapter 10 1968 East and West: Visions of Political Change and Student Protest from Across the Iron Curtain
• Chapter 11 Echoes of Provocation: "1968" and the Women's Movements in France and Germany
• Part 12 1989
• Chapter 13 The Global Context of 1989
• Chapter 14 The Development of a Green Opposition in Czechoslovakia: The Role of International Contacts
• Chapter 15 A Transcontinental Movement of Citizens? Strategic Debates in the 1980s Western Peace Movement
• Chapter 16 Opposition Networks and Transnational Diffusion in the Revolutions of 1989
• Chapter 17 Bibliographic Essay.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This anthology of fourteen original essays is the first collection of transnational studies on post-1945 western and eastern European society written by historians. The contributors target three particular moments of rapid change in postwar Europe-the moment of liberation, 1943-48; the 1960s; and 1989 as communism began to crumble. The collection opens a range of possibilities for historians of post-1945 European society, while providing all contemporary historians with a much-needed guide to the methodology of transnational history.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This anthology of fourteen original essays is the first collection of transnational studies on post-1945 western and eastern European society written by historians. The contributors target three particular moments of rapid change in postwar Europe - the moment of liberation, 1943-48; the 1960s; and 1989 as communism began to crumble. The collection opens a range of possibilities for historians of post-1945 European society, while providing all contemporary historians with a much needed guide to the methodology of transnational history.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
Transnational Moments of Change offers a broad introduction to the methodology and practice of transnational history. To demonstrate the value of this approach, the work focuses on Europe since World War II, a period whose study particularly benefits from a transnational vantage point. Twelve distinguished contributors from around the globe offer a range of transnational approaches to three continent-wide moments of change.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)