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• Origins of Marine Corps Aviation
• Proving Ground: Haiti, 1915-1934
• Advance to Maturity, 1919-1935
• Marine Corps Aviation Comes of Age: Nicaragua, 1926-1933
• Conclusion.

Unlike the relative uniformity of conventional warfare, the peculiarities of small wars prevent a clear definition of rules and roles for military forces to follow. During the small wars era, aviation was still in its infancy, and the US military had only recently begun battling in the skies. The US Marine Corps recognized that flexibility and ingenuity would be critical to the successful conduct of small wars and thus employed the new technology of aviation. In Biplanes at War: US Marine Corps Aviation in the Small Wars Era, 1915--1934, author Wray R. Johnson provides a riveting history of the marines' use of aviation between the world wars, a time in which young soldiers were volunteering to fly in combat when flying itself was a dangerous feat. Starting with Haiti in 1915, Biplanes at War follows the marines' aviation experiences in Haiti, the Dominican Republic, China, and Nicaragua, chronicling how marines used aircraft to provide supporting fires (e.g., dive-bombing) to ground troops in close contact with irregular opponents, evacuate the sick and wounded, transport people and cargo (e.g., to assist humanitarian operations), and even support elections in furtherance of democracy. After years of expanding the capabilities of airplanes far beyond what was deemed possible, the small wars era ended, and the US Marines Corps transitioned into an amphibious assault force. The legacy of the marines' ability to adapt and innovate during the small wars era endures and provides a useful case study. Biplanes at War sheds light on how the marines pioneered roles and missions that have become commonplace for air forces today, an accomplishment that has largely gone unrecognized in mainstream histories of aviation and air power.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Origins of Marine Corps aviation
• Proving ground: Haiti, 1915-1934
• Advance to maturity, 1919-1935
• Marine Corps Aviation comes of age: Nicaragua, 1926-1933.

Unlike the relative uniformity of conventional warfare, the peculiarities of small wars prevent a clear definition of rules and roles for military forces to follow. During the small wars era, aviation was still in its infancy, and the US military had only recently begun battling in the skies. The US Marine Corps recognized that flexibility and ingenuity would be critical to the successful conduct of small wars and thus employed the new technology of aviation. In Biplanes at War: US Marine Corps Aviation in the Small Wars Era, 1915--1934, author Wray R. Johnson provides a riveting history of the marines' use of aviation between the world wars, a time in which young soldiers were volunteering to fly in combat when flying itself was a dangerous feat. Starting with Haiti in 1915, Biplanes at War follows the marines' aviation experiences in Haiti, the Dominican Republic, China, and Nicaragua, chronicling how marines used aircraft to provide supporting fires (e.g., dive-bombing) to ground troops in close contact with irregular opponents, evacuate the sick and wounded, transport people and cargo (e.g., to assist humanitarian operations), and even support elections in furtherance of democracy. After years of expanding the capabilities of airplanes far beyond what was deemed possible, the small wars era ended, and the US Marines Corps transitioned into an amphibious assault force. The legacy of the marines' ability to adapt and innovate during the small wars era endures and provides a useful case study. Biplanes at War sheds light on how the marines pioneered roles and missions that have become commonplace for air forces today, an accomplishment that has largely gone unrecognized in mainstream histories of aviation and air power.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Biplanes and bandits
• Colonial air control
• The Greek civil war and the Philippine anti-Huk campaign
• The French colonial wars, 1946-1962
• The British colonial wars, 1945-1975
• Airpower in South Vietnam, 1954-1965
• Airpower and counterinsurgency in Southern Africa
• Protracted insurgencies
• Intervention in the Mideast, 1962-2000.

The use of airpower in wartime calls to mind the massive bombings of World War II, but aeroplanes have long been instrumental in small wars as well. Ever since its use by the French to put down rebellious Moroccan tribes in 1913, air power has been employed to fight in limited but often lengthy small conflicts around the globe. This volume presents a comprehensive history of airpower in small wars - conflicts pitting states against non-state groups such as insurgents, bandits, factions and terrorists - tracing it from the early years of the 20th century to the present day. It examines dozens of conflicts with strikingly different scenarios, inluding: the Greek Civil War, the Philippine Anti-Huk campaign, French and British colonial wars, the war in South Vietnam before the American escalation, and counter-insurgency and counter-terrorist campaigns in the Middle East.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Some principles of air warfare
• The characteristics of aircraft
• Individual combats and defensive formations
• The service of observation
• Pursuit aviation
• Attack aviation
• Bombardment aviation
• Antiaircraft defense
• Notes on air logistics
• Naval aviation.