%{search_type} search results

• List of Abbreviations Introduction What Causes War Atrocities: A Historical Analysis The Battle of Shanghai and the Prelude to Nanking Nanking: Analysis of Military Actions and Number of Victims Nanking: Analysis of Individually Committed Crimes and Nature of Atrocities Aftermath and Reaction until 1945 War Crimes Trials Sounds of Controversy Conclusion Appendix Bibliography.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The December 1937 incident that has come to be known as the Rape of Nanking is, without doubt, a tragedy that will not soon be forgotten. While acknowledging that a tremendous loss of life occurred, this study challenges the current prevailing notion that the incident was a deliberate, planned effort on the part of the Japanese military and analyzes events to produce an accurate estimate of the scale of the atrocities. Drawing on Chinese, Japanese, and English sources, Yamamoto determines that what happened at Nanking were unfortunate atrocities of conventional war with precedents in both Eastern and Western military history. He concludes that post-war events such as the war crimes trials and the impact of the Holocaust in Europe affected public opinion regarding Nanking and led to a dramatic reinterpretation of events. The Rape of Nanking consisted of two distinct phases: the mass execution of prisoners of war (as well as conscription age men who appeared to be combatants) and the delinquent acts of individual soldiers. The first phase, which occurred immediately after Nanking's fall and which claimed most of the atrocity victims, was the result of the Japanese military's attempt to clear the city of Chinese soldiers thought to be in plain clothes. The second phase, which lasted approximately six weeks, was horrible, but resulted in a much smaller number of fatalities. It was characterized by numerous criminal acts, ranging from rape and murder to arson and theft, committed by unrestrained Japanese soldiers. The root cause for both phases was the Japanese military's bureaucratic inefficiency and command irresponsibility. While both Chinese and American contemporary sources initially attributed the incident to these causes, subsequent Japanese atrocities against both military and civilian Allied personnel during World War II and evidence presented at war crimes trials would come to reshape perceptions of the Nanking events as an Asian counterpart to the Nazi Holocaust.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

In December 1937, in what was then the capital of China, one of the most brutal massacres in the long annals of wartime barbarity occurred. The Japanese army swept into the ancient city of Nanking (Nanjing) and within weeks not only looted and burned the defenceless city, but systematically raped, tortured and murdered more than 300,000 Chinese civilians. The story of this atrocity continues to be denied by the Japanese government. Based on extensive interviews with survivors and newly discovered documents in four different languages (many never before published), Iris Chang has written what will surely be the definitive, English language history of this episode.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• v. 1. Zhan qian de Nanjing yu Ri ji de kong xi
• v. 2. Nanjing bao wei zhan
• v. 3. Xin cun zhe de ri ji yu hui yi
• v. 4.Meiguo chuan jiao shi de ri ji yu shu xin
• v. 5. Yu nan zhe de si ti yan mian
• v. 6. Wai guo mei ti bao dao yu Deguo shi guan bao gao
• v. 7. Dongjing shen pan
• v. 8. Ri jun guan bing ri ji
• v. 9. Ri jun guan bing ri ji yu shu xin
• v. 10. Ri jun guan bing yu sui jun ji zhe hui yi
• v. 11. Riben jun fang wen jian
• v. 12. Ying Mei wen shu, an quan qu wen shu, zi zhi wei yuan hui wen shu
• v. 13. Labei ri ji
• v. 14. Weitelin ri ji
• v. 15. Qian qi ren kou shang wang he cai chan sun shi diao cha
• v. 16-18. Kang zhan sun shi diao cha wei yuan hui diao cha tong ji
• v. 19-21. Ri jun zui xing diao cha wei yuan hui diao cha tong ji
• v. 22. Pei chang wei yuan hui diao cha tong ji
• v. 23. Nanjing da tu sha an shi min cheng wen
• v. 24. Nanjing shen pan
• v. 25-27. Xing cun zhe diao cha kou shu
• v. 28. Li shi tu xiang
• v. 31. Yingguo shi ling guan wen shu
• v. 32. Riben jun fang wen jian yu guan bing ri ji
• v. 33. Ri jun guan bing hui yi
• v. 35-36. Nanjing Shi lin shi can yi hui diao cha
• v. 37-39. Xing cun zhe diao cha kou shu xu bian
• v. 41. Zhong yang ji gou cai chan sun shi diao cha
• v. 42-47. Shi min cai chan sun shi diao cha
• v. 48-55. Yu nan tong bao ming lu
• v. 71 Dongjing shen pan shu zheng ji Su, Yi, De wen xian.

• v. 1. 战前的南京与日机的空袭
• v. 2. 南京保卫战
• v. 3. 幸存者的日记与回忆
• v. 4. 美国传教士的日记与书信
• v. 5. 遇难者的尸体掩埋
• v. 6. 外国媒体报道与德国使馆报告
• v. 7. 东京审判
• v. 8. 日军官兵日记
• v. 9. 日军官兵日记与书信
• v. 10. 日军官兵与随军记者回忆
• v. 11. 日本军方文件
• v. 12. 英美文书, 安全区文书, 自治委员会文书
• v. 13. 拉贝日记
• v. 14. 魏特琳日记
• v. 15. 前期人口伤亡和财产损失调查
• v. 16-18. 抗战损失调查委员会调查统计
• v. 19-21. 日军罪行调查委员会调查统计
• v. 22. 赔偿委员会调查统计
• v. 23. 南京大屠杀案市民呈文
• v. 24. 南京审判
• v. 25-27. 幸存者调查口述
• v. 28. 历史图像
• v. 31. 英国史领馆文书
• v. 32. 日本军方文件与官兵日记
• v. 33. 日军官兵回忆
• v. 35-36. 南京市临时参议会调查
• v. 37-39. 幸存者调查口述续编
• v. 41. 中央机构财产损失调查
• v. 42-47. 市民财产损失调查
• v. 48-55. 遇难同胞名录
• v. 71 东京审判书证及苏、意、德文献.

The infamous Rape of Nanjing looms like a dark shadow over the history of Asia in the 20th century, and is among the most widely recognized chapters of World War II in China. By contrast, the story of the month-long campaign before this notorious massacre has never been told in its entirety. Nanjing 1937 by Peter Harmsen fills this gap. This is the follow-up to Harmsen's best-selling Shanghai 1937: Stalingrad on the Yangtze, and begins where that book left off. In stirring prose, it describes how the Japanese Army, having invaded the mainland and emerging victorious from the Battle of Shanghai, pushed on toward the capital Nanjing in a crushing advance that confirmed its reputation for bravery and savagery in equal measure. While much of the struggle over Shanghai had carried echoes of the grueling war in the trenches two decades earlier, the Nanjing campaign was a fast-paced mobile operation in which armor and air power played mayor roles. It was blitzkrieg two years before Hitler's invasion of Poland. Facing the full might of modern, mechanized warfare, China's resistance was heroic, but ultimately futile. As in Shanghai, the battle for Nanjing was more than a clash between Chinese and Japanese. Soldiers and citizens of a variety of nations witnessed or took part in the hostilities. German advisors, American journalists and British diplomats all played important parts in this vast drama. And a new power appeared on the scene: Soviet pilots dispatched by Stalin to challenge Japan's control of the skies. This epic tale is told with verve and attention to detail by Harmsen, a veteran East Asia correspondent who consolidates his status as the foremost chronicler of World War II in China with this path-breaking work of narrative history.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Examines how the views of the so-called Rape of Nanking, or the Nanking Massacre, have evolved in history writing and public memory in Japan, China, and the United States, from 1937.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)