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• Preface. Part One: Evolution and Development, Phyla and Fossils.
• 1. Evolution and Development: Terms and Concepts.
• 2. Types of Animals: Kingdoms, Phyla, Relationships.
• 3. Fossils of the Burgess Shale. Part Two: Form and Function, Embryos and Evolution, Inheritance Systems.
• 4. Types and the Geoffroy-Cuvier Debates: a Crossroads in Evolutionary Morphology.
• 5. Embryological Archetypes and Homology: Establishing Evolutionary Embryology.
• 6. Bauplane, Constraints and Basic Phases of Development.
• 7. Inheritance Systems: Zygotic, Maternal, Epigenetic. Part Three: Embryos in Development.
• 8. Model Organisms, Conserved Stages and Processes.
• 9. Where Generations Converge: Germ Lines and Body Plans.
• 10. Building Vertebrate Embryos: Heads and Tails.
• 11. Building Organ Systems.
• 12. Integrating Organ Systems, Developmental Canalization and Asymmetry. Part Four: Embryos in Evolution.
• 13. Innovation, Novelty and the Origin of Multicellularity.
• 14. Complexity and the Origin of the Metazoa.
• 15. Chordate and Vertebrate Origins and Diversification.
• 16. Transitions in Animal Evolution.
• 17. Integrated Change in Vertebrate Evolution. Part Five: Embryos, Environment and Evolution.
• 18. Evolution as the Control of Development by Ecology.
• 19. Evolution, Genetic Variability and the Environment.
• 20. A Quantitative Genetics Model for Morphological Change in Development and Evolution. Part Six: DevelopmentEvolves.
• 21. Development Evolves: The Dilemma for Homology.
• 22. Ontogeny Evolves: the Dilemma for Larvae. Part Seven: Patterns and Processes, Time and Place.
• 24. Time and Place in Evolution: Heterochrony and Heterotopy. Part Eight: Principles and Processes.
• 25. Evolutionary Developmental Biology: Principles and Processes. Abbreviations. References. Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Although evolutionary developmental biology is a new field, its origins lie in the last century; the search for connections between embryonic development (ontogeny) and evolutionary change (phylogeny) has been a long one. Evolutionary developmental biology is however more than just a fusion of the fields of developmental and evolutionary biology. It forges a unification of genomic, developmental, organismal, population and natural selection approaches to evolutionary change. It is concerned with how developmental processes evolve; how evolution produces novel structures, functions and behaviours; and how development, evolution and ecology are integrated to bring about and stabilize evolutionary change. The previous edition of this title, published in 1992, defined the terms and laid out the field for evolutionary developmental biology. This field is now one of the most active and fast growing within biology and this is reflected in this second edition, which is more than twice the length of the original and brought completely up to date. There are new chapters on major transitions in animal evolution, expanded coverage of comparative embryonic development and the inclusion of recent advances in genetics and molecular biology. The book is divided into eight parts which: * place evolutionary developmental biology in the historical context of the search for relationships between development and evolution; * detail the historical background leading to evolutionary embryology; * explore embryos in development and embryos in evolution; * discuss the relationship between embryos, evolution, environment and ecology; * discuss the dilemma for homology of the fact that development evolves; * deal with the importance of understanding how embryos measure time and place both through development and evolutionarily through heterochrony and heterotrophy; and set out the principles and processes that underlie evolutionary developmental biology. With over one hundred illustrations and photographs, extensive cross-referencing between chapters and boxes for ancillary material, this latest edition will be of immense interest to graduate and advanced undergraduate students in cell, developmental and molecular biology, and in zoology, evolution, ecology and entomology; in fact anyone with an interest in this new and increasingly important and interdisciplinary field which unifies biology.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• Discovery and Origins: Discovery; Embryological Origins; Evolutionary Origins; Agnathans
• Derivatives and Diversity: Amphibians; Bony and Cartilaginous Fishes; Reptiles and Birds; Mammals
• Mechanisms and Malformations: Mechanisms of Migration; Mechanisms of Differentiation; Neurocristopathies; Birth Defects
• References
• Index.

This book is about the neural crest and neural crest cells, dealing with their discovery, their embryological and evolutionary origins, their cellular derivatives - in both agnathan and jawed vertebrates or gnathostomes - and the broad topics of migration and differentiation in normal development. Knowledge of the development and evolution of the neural crest sheds light on many of the oldest unanswered questions in developmental biology, such as: What is the role of the germ layers in early embryogenesis? How does the nervous systems develop? How does the vertebrate head arise developmentally and how did it arise evolutionary? How do growth factors and Hox genes direct cell differentiation and embryonic patterning? Cells from the neural crest are also associated with many developmental abnormalities. The book includes discussions of what goes wrong when development is misdirected by mutations, or by exposure of embryos to exogenous agents such as drugs, alcohol, or excess vitamin A. The book also includes discussions of tumors (neurocristopathies) and syndromes and birth defects involving neural crest cells.

• 1. Development and Division of the Somite.- 1
• .1. Migration of Pre-somitic Mesoderm.- 1
• .2. Segmentation of the Mesoderm into Somites.- 1
• .3. Subdivision of the Somites.- 1.3
• .1. Sclerotome, Dermatome, Myotome.- 1.3
• .2. Resegmentation of the Sclerotome.- 1
• .4. Spinal Ganglia.-
• 2. Self Differentiation or Induction.- 2
• .1. 1925
• -1940: Grafts to the Avian Chorioallantoic Membrane.- 2
• .2. 1940's-1950's: In vivo Transplantation and Extirpation.- 2.2
• .1. Amphibia.- 2.2
• .2. Pisces.- 2.2
• .3. Aves.- 2
• .3. 1950's Onwards": In vitro Chondrogenesis.-
• 3. The Inductive Tissues.- 3
• .1. Integrity of the Inducer and Vertebral Morphogenesis.- 3
• .2. When Do the Inducers Lose Their Inductive Ability?.- 3
• .3. Ability of Dermomyotome to Chondrify.- 3
• .4. The Search for a Pure Inducer.-
• 4. Ectopic Inducers.- 4
• .1. Can Ectoderm Act Inductively on Somites?.- 4
• .2. Other Ectopic (heterologous) Inducers.-
• 5. Synthesis of Glycosaminoglycans and Onset of Cartilage Differentiation.-
• 6. Production of Extracellular Matrix by Notochord and by Spinal Cord.- 6
• .1. Glycosaminoglycans.- 6
• .2. Collagen.-
• 7. Function of Extracellular Matrix Produced by Notochord and Spinal Cord.-
• 8. Discussion and Conclusions.-
• 9. Summary.- References.- Author Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

References ...42 Subject Index ...48 Author Index...50 ...6 Introduction Chondrification of the somitic mesoderm producing the primordia of the vertebrae has been a favourite topic of investigation by those interested in understanding the me- chanisms underlying development and differentiation. Study of this tissue involves the investigation of cell proliferation, migration and cytodifferentiation, synthesis of extra cellular matricial products, inductive tissue interactions, and tissue morphogenesi- some of the major unsolved problems of modern developmental biology. The topic is a large one and various aspects have been reviewed in the past, notably by Holtzer (1959; 1961), Lash (1963a), Strudel (1967), Lash (1968a, c), Holtzer (1968), Holtzer and Abbott (1968), Holtzer and Mayne (1973) and Levitt and Dorfman (1974). Feel- ing that the time was appropriate for a overview of the whole field of somitic chondro- genesis, I have prepared the present monograph. It covers the development of experi- mental studies from the initial grafting of somites to avian chorio-allantoic membranes in the 1920's, through the extirpation experiments of the 1940's, the culturing of the 1950's and the search for pure inducers, to the refocussing of attention on the environ- ment and matrix procucts which is dominating the studies of the 1970's. Many of the studies have utilized the embryonic chick as the experimental animal.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part I Vertebrate Skeletal Tissues 1. Vertebrate Skeletal Tissues 2. Bone 3. Vertebrate Cartilages Part II Origins and Types of Skeletal Tissues 4. Invertebrate Cartilages, Notochordal Cartilage and Cartilage Origins 5. Intermediate Tissues 6. Lessons from Fossils Part III Unusual Modes of Skeletogenesis 7. Horns and Ossicones 8. Antlers 9. Tendon Skeletogenesis and Sesamoids Part IV Stem and Progenitor Cells 10. Embryonic Stem and Progenitor Cells 11. Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults Part V Skeletogenic Cells 12. Bipotential Osteochondroprogenitor Cells 13. Dedifferentiation of Chondrocytes and Endochondral Ossification 14. Dedifferentiation and Stem Cells: Regeneration of Urodele Limbs and Mammalian Fingertips 15. Cells to Make and Cells to Break Part VI Embryonic Origins 16. Skeletal Origins: Somitic Mesoderm, Vertebrae, Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles 17. Skeletal Origins: Neural Crest Cells 18. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions initiate Skeletogenesis Part VII Getting Started 19. The Membranous Skeleton: Condensations 20. From Condensation to Differentiation 21. Skulls, Eyes and Ears: Condensations and Tissue Interactions Part VIII Similarity and Diversity 22. Hondrocyte Diversity 23. Cartilage Diversity 24. Osteoblast and Osteocyte Diversity and Osteogenesis in vitro 25. Diversity of Bone as a Tissue and as an Organ Part IX Maintaining Cartilage in Good Times and in Bad 26. Maintaining Differentiated Chondrocytes through Cell-Matrix Interactions 27. Maintenance Awry - Chondrodysplasias and Achondroplasia 28. Restarting Mammalian Articular Chondrocytes 29. Repair of Fractures and Regeneration of Growth Plates Part X Growing Together and Growing A
• part 30. Initiating Skeletal Growth 31. Growth and Morphogenesis of Long Bones 32. Long Bone Growth: A Case of Crying Wolf? Part XI Staying A
• part 33. The Temporomandibular Joint and Cranial Synchondroses 34. Sutures and Craniosynostosis Part XII Limb Buds 35. The Mesodermal Limb Field and the Apical Epithelial Ridge 36. Adding or Deleting an Apical Epithelial Ridge 37. Limb Buds in Limbed and Limbless Tetrapods Part XIII Limbs and Limb Skeletons 38. Axes and Polarity of Limb Buds and Limbs 39. Patterning and Shaping Limb Buds and Limb Skeletons 40. Before Limbs There Were Fins Part XIV Backbones and Tails 41. Vertebral Chondrogenesis: Cell Differentiation and Morphogenesis 42. Relationships between Notochord and Vertebral Cartilage 43. Tail Buds, Tails and Taillessness Part XV Evolutionary Skeletal Biology 44. Variation 45. Variation Outside the Norm: Neomorphs and Atavisms.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Bones and Cartilage provides the most in-depth review and synthesis assembled on the topic, across all vertebrates. It examines the function, development and evolution of bone and cartilage as tissues, organs and skeletal systems. It describes how bone and cartilage develop in embryos and are maintained in adults, how bone is repaired when we break a leg, or regenerates when a newt grows a new limb, or a lizard a new tail. The second edition of Bones and Cartilage includes the most recent knowledge of molecular, cellular, developmental and evolutionary processes, which are integrated to outline a unified discipline of developmental and evolutionary skeletal biology. Additionally, coverage includes how the molecular and cellular aspects of bones and cartilage differ in different skeletal systems and across species, along with the latest studies and hypotheses of relationships between skeletal cells and the most recent information on coupling between osteocytes and osteoclasts All chapters have been revised and updated to include the latest research.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
Bones and Cartilage provides the most in-depth review and synthesis assembled on the topic, across all vertebrates. It examines the function, development and evolution of bone and cartilage as tissues, organs and skeletal systems. It describes how bone and cartilage develop in embryos and are maintained in adults, how bone is repaired when we break a leg, or regenerates when a newt grows a new limb, or a lizard a new tail. The second edition of Bones and Cartilage includes the most recent knowledge of molecular, cellular, developmental and evolutionary processes, which are integrated to outline a unified discipline of developmental and evolutionary skeletal biology. Additionally, coverage includes how the molecular and cellular aspects of bones and cartilage differ in different skeletal systems and across species, along with the latest studies and hypotheses of relationships between skeletal cells and the most recent information on coupling between osteocytes and osteoclasts All chapters have been revised and updated to include the latest research. * Offers complete coverage of every aspect of bone and cartilage, with updated references and extensive illustrations* Integrates development and evolution of the skeleton, as well a synthesis of differentiation, growth and patterning* Treats all levels from molecular to clinical, embryos to evolution, and covers all vertebrates as well as invertebrate cartilages* Includes new chapters on evolutionary skeletal biology that highlight normal variation and variability, and variation outside the norm (neomorphs, atavisms)* Updates hypotheses on the origination of cartilage using new phylogenetic, cellular and genetic data* Covers stem cells in embryos and adults, including mesenchymal stem cells and their use in genetic engineering of cartilage, and the concept of the stem cell niche.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part I Vertebrate Skeletal Tissues 1. Vertebrate Skeletal Tissues 2. Bone 3. Vertebrate Cartilages Part II Origins and Types of Skeletal Tissues 4. Invertebrate Cartilages, Notochordal Cartilage and Cartilage Origins 5. Intermediate Tissues 6. Lessons from Fossils Part III Unusual Modes of Skeletogenesis 7. Horns and Ossicones 8. Antlers 9. Tendon Skeletogenesis and Sesamoids Part IV Stem and Progenitor Cells 10. Embryonic Stem and Progenitor Cells 11. Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults Part V Skeletogenic Cells 12. Bipotential Osteochondroprogenitor Cells 13. Dedifferentiation of Chondrocytes and Endochondral Ossification 14. Dedifferentiation and Stem Cells: Regeneration of Urodele Limbs and Mammalian Fingertips 15. Cells to Make and Cells to Break Part VI Embryonic Origins 16. Skeletal Origins: Somitic Mesoderm, Vertebrae, Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles 17. Skeletal Origins: Neural Crest Cells 18. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions initiate Skeletogenesis Part VII Getting Started 19. The Membranous Skeleton: Condensations 20. From Condensation to Differentiation 21. Skulls, Eyes and Ears: Condensations and Tissue Interactions Part VIII Similarity and Diversity 22. Hondrocyte Diversity 23. Cartilage Diversity 24. Osteoblast and Osteocyte Diversity and Osteogenesis in vitro 25. Diversity of Bone as a Tissue and as an Organ Part IX Maintaining Cartilage in Good Times and in Bad 26. Maintaining Differentiated Chondrocytes through Cell-Matrix Interactions 27. Maintenance Awry - Chondrodysplasias and Achondroplasia 28. Restarting Mammalian Articular Chondrocytes 29. Repair of Fractures and Regeneration of Growth Plates Part X Growing Together and Growing A
• part 30. Initiating Skeletal Growth 31. Growth and Morphogenesis of Long Bones 32. Long Bone Growth: A Case of Crying Wolf? Part XI Staying A
• part 33. The Temporomandibular Joint and Cranial Synchondroses 34. Sutures and Craniosynostosis Part XII Limb Buds 35. The Mesodermal Limb Field and the Apical Epithelial Ridge 36. Adding or Deleting an Apical Epithelial Ridge 37. Limb Buds in Limbed and Limbless Tetrapods Part XIII Limbs and Limb Skeletons 38. Axes and Polarity of Limb Buds and Limbs 39. Patterning and Shaping Limb Buds and Limb Skeletons 40. Before Limbs There Were Fins Part XIV Backbones and Tails 41. Vertebral Chondrogenesis: Cell Differentiation and Morphogenesis 42. Relationships between Notochord and Vertebral Cartilage 43. Tail Buds, Tails and Taillessness Part XV Evolutionary Skeletal Biology 44. Variation 45. Variation Outside the Norm: Neomorphs and Atavisms.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Bones and Cartilage provides the most in-depth review and synthesis assembled on the topic, across all vertebrates. It examines the function, development and evolution of bone and cartilage as tissues, organs and skeletal systems. It describes how bone and cartilage develop in embryos and are maintained in adults, how bone is repaired when we break a leg, or regenerates when a newt grows a new limb, or a lizard a new tail. The second edition of Bones and Cartilage includes the most recent knowledge of molecular, cellular, developmental and evolutionary processes, which are integrated to outline a unified discipline of developmental and evolutionary skeletal biology. Additionally, coverage includes how the molecular and cellular aspects of bones and cartilage differ in different skeletal systems and across species, along with the latest studies and hypotheses of relationships between skeletal cells and the most recent information on coupling between osteocytes and osteoclasts All chapters have been revised and updated to include the latest research.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Evolution and Species
• The first ten billion years : 13.7 - 3.7 Bya
• From molecules to Organisms: 3.7 - 1.5 Bya
• Theories of evolution and heredity
• Natural selection in action
• Sources of variations in individuals and in populations
• Populations, sepciation, and extinctions
• Human origins, evolution, and influence.

Now with a new full color design and art program, the Fifth Edition of Strickberger's Evolution is updated with the latest data and updates from the field. The authors took care to carefully modify the chapter order in an effort to provide a more clear and student-friendly presentation of course material. The original scope and theme of this popular text remains, as it continues to present an overview of prevailing evidence and theories about evolution by discussing how the world and its organisms arose and changed over time. New boxed features concentrating on modern and exciting research in the field are included throughout the text. New and Key Features of the Fifth Edition - New Full color design and art program - Maintains the student-friendly engaging writing-style for which it is known - A reorganized chapter order provides a more clear and accessible presentation of course material. - Chapters on the evolution of biodiversity are now found on the text's website. - Access to the companion website is included with every new copy of the text. - New boxed features highlight new and exciting research in the field.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The nature of science and evolution, and evolution as science
• The origin of matter, the universe and earth
• The origin of molecules and the nature of life
• From molecules to cells and the origin of selection
• Darwin and the voyage of the Beagle
• Darwin and Wallace's evolution by natural selection
• Darwin, Mendel, and theories of inheritance
• From single-celled organisms to kingdoms
• Eukaryotic cells and multicellular organisms
• Plants and fungi as branches of the tree of life
• Animals as a branch of the tree of life
• Individual genetic variation and gene regulation
• Genetic variation in populations
• The biology of populations
• Natural selection
• Species and similarity : on being the same yet different
• Origin of species
• Mass extinctions, opportunities and adaptive radiations
• Human origins and evolution
• Cultural and social evolution
• Culture, religion and evolution.

If you want to know whether evolution is a science, how life began, what Charles Darwin really said about evolution, why a fungus is more closely related to humans than to a plant, how experiments in evolution can be carried out, why birds are flying dinosaurs, how we manipulate the evolution of other species, and if you want a clear treatment of the processes that result in evolution, then this is the book for you! Written for those with a minimal science background, Evolution: Principles and Processes provides a concise introduction of evolutionary topics for the one-term course. Using an engaging writing style and a wealth of full-color illustrations, Hall covers all topics from the origin of universe, Earth, the origin of life, and on to how humans influence the evolution of other species. He brings together the principles and processes that explain evolutionary change and discusses the patterns of life that have resulted from the operation of evolution over the past 3.5 billion years. This overview, coupled with numerous case studies and examples, helps readers understand and truly appreciate the origin and diversity of life.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Discovery and Origins.- Discovery.- Embryological Origins and the Identification of Neural Crest Cells.- Delamination, Migration, and Potential.- Evolutionary Origins.- Neural-Crest Derivatives.- Pigment Cells (Chromatophores).- Neuronal Cells and Nervous Systems.- Cartilage Cells and Skeletal Systems.- Teeth and Hearts: The Odontogenic and Cardiac Neural Crests.- Abnormal Development and the Neural Crest.- Neurocristopathies.- NCC Development Revisited in the Context of Birth Defects.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

A presentation of all aspects of neural crest cell origins (embryological and evolutionary) development and evolution; neural crest cell behavior (migration) and anomalies (neurocristopathies and birth defects) that arise from defective neural crest development. The treatment of development will include discussions of cellular, molecular and genetic aspects of the differentiation and morphogenesis of neural crest cells and structures derived from neural crest cells. The origins of the neural crest in embryology will be discussed using the recent information on the molecular basis of the specification of the neural crest. Also presented are the advances in our understanding of the evolution of jaws from studies on lampreys and of the neural crest from studies on ascidians and amphioxus.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Includes: Types of Skeletal Tissues
• Invertebrate Cartilages
• Intermediate Tissues
• An Evolutionary Perspective
• Horns and Ossicones
• Antlers
• Tendons and Sesamoids
• Embryonic Stem Cells
• Stem Cells in Adults
• Osteo- and Chondroprogenitor Cells
• Dedifferentiation Provides Progenitor Cells for Jaws and Long Bones
• Dedifferentiation and Urodele Limb Regeneration
• And much more!.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Bones and Cartilage provides the most in-depth review ever assembled on the topic. It examines the function, development and evolution of bone and cartilage as tissues, organs and skeletal systems. It describes how bone and cartilage is developed in embryos and are maintained in adults, how bone reappears when we break a leg, or even regenerates when a newt grows a new limb, or a lizard a tail. This book also looks at the molecules and cells that make bones and cartilages and how they differ in various parts of the body and across species. It answers such questions as "Is bone always bone?" "Do bones that develop indirectly by replacing other tissues, such as marrow, tendons or ligaments, differ from one another?" "Is fish bone the same as human bone?" "Can sharks even make bone?" and many more.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Includes: Types of Skeletal Tissues
• Invertebrate Cartilages
• Intermediate Tissues
• An Evolutionary Perspective
• Horns and Ossicones
• Antlers
• Tendons and Sesamoids
• Embryonic Stem Cells
• Stem Cells in Adults
• Osteo- and Chondroprogenitor Cells
• Dedifferentiation Provides Progenitor Cells for Jaws and Long Bones
• Dedifferentiation and Urodele Limb Regeneration
• And much more!.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Bones and Cartilage provides the most in-depth review ever assembled on the topic. It examines the function, development and evolution of bone and cartilage as tissues, organs and skeletal systems. It describes how bone and cartilage is developed in embryos and are maintained in adults, how bone reappears when we break a leg, or even regenerates when a newt grows a new limb, or a lizard a tail. This book also looks at the molecules and cells that make bones and cartilages and how they differ in various parts of the body and across species. It answers such questions as "Is bone always bone?" "Do bones that develop indirectly by replacing other tissues, such as marrow, tendons or ligaments, differ from one another?" "Is fish bone the same as human bone?" "Can sharks even make bone?" and many more.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface.- Discovery and Origins: Discovery
• Embryological Origins
• Evolutionary Origins
• Agnathans.- Derivatives and Diversity: Amphibians
• Bony and Cartilaginous Fishes
• Reptiles and Birds
• Mammals.- Mechanisms and Malformations: Mechanisms of Migration
• Mechanisms of Differentiation
• Neurocristopathies
• Birth Defects.- References.- Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book is about the neural crest and neural crest cells, dealing with their discovery, their embryological and evolutionary origins, their cellular derivatives - in both agnathan and jawed vertebrates or gnathostomes - and the broad topics of migration and differentiation in normal development. Knowledge of the development and evolution of the neural crest sheds light on many of the oldest unanswered questions in developmental biology, such as: What is the role of the germ layers in early embryogenesis? How does the nervous systems develop? How does the vertebrate head arise developmentally and how did it arise evolutionary? How do growth factors and Hox genes direct cell differentiation and embryonic patterning? Cells from the neural crest are also associated with many developmental abnormalities. The book includes discussions of what goes wrong when development is misdirected by mutations, or by exposure of embryos to exogenous agents such as drugs, alcohol, or excess vitamin A. The book also includes discussions of tumors (neurocristopathies) and syndromes and birth defects involving neural crest cells.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part 1 Evolution and development, phyla and fossils: evolution and development - terms and concepts
• types of animals - kingdoms, phyla, relationships
• fossils of the Burgess Shale. Part 2 Form and function, embryos and evolution, inheritance systems: types and the Geoffroy-Cuvier debates - a crossroads in evolutionary morphology
• embryological archetypes and homology - establishing evolutionary embryology
• Bauplane, constraints and basic phases of development
• inheritance systems - zygotic, maternal, epigenetic. Part 3 Embryos in development : model organisms, conserved stages and processes
• where generations converge - germ lines and body plans
• building vertebrate embryos - heads and tails
• building organ systems
• integrating organ systems, developmental canalization and asymmetry. Part 4 Embryos in evolution: innovation, novelty and the origin of multicellularity
• complexity and the origin of the metazoan
• chordate and vertebrate origins and diversification
• transition in animal evolution
• integrated change in vertebrate evolution. Part 5 Embryos, environment and evolution: evolution as the control of development by ecology
• evolution, genetic variability and the environment
• a quantitative genetics model for morphological change in development and evolution. Part 6 Development evolves: development evolves - the dilemma for homology
• ontogeny evolves - the dilemma for larvae. Part 7 Patterns and processes, time and place: time and place in development
• time and place in evolution - heterochrony and heterotopy. Part 8 Principles and processes: evolutionary developmental biology - principles and processes.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Although evolutionary developmental biology is a new field, its origins lie in the last century; the search for connections between embryonic development (ontogeny) and evolutionary change (phylogeny) has been a long one. Evolutionary developmental biology is however more than just a fusion of the fields of developmental and evolutionary biology. It forges a unification of genomic, developmental, organismal, population and natural selection approaches to evolutionary change. It is concerned with how developmental processes evolve; how evolution produces novel structures, functions and behaviors; and how development, evolution and ecology are integrated to bring about and stabilize evolutionary change.The previous edition of this title, published in 1992, defined the terms and laid out the field for evolutionary developmental biology. This field is now one of the most active and fast growing within biology and this is reflected in this second edition, which is more than twice the length of the original and brought completely up to date. There are new chapters on major transitions in animal evolution, expanded coverage of comparative embryonic development and the inclusion of recent advances in genetics and molecular biology.The book is divided into eight parts which: place evolutionary developmental biology in the historical context of the search for relationships between development and evolution; detail the historical background leading to evolutionary embryology; explore embryos in development and embryos in evolution; discuss the relationship between embryos, evolution, environment and ecology; discuss the dilemma for homology of the fact that development evolves; deal with the importance of understanding how embryos measure time and place both through development and evolutionarily through heterochrony and heterotrophy; and set out the principles and processes that underlie evolutionary developmental biology.With over one hundred illustrations and photographs, extensive cross-referencing between chapters and boxes for ancillary material, this latest edition will be of immense interest to graduate and advanced undergraduate students in cell, developmental and molecular biology, and in zoology, evolution, ecology and entomology; in fact anyone with an interest in this new and increasingly important and interdisciplinary field which unifies biology.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Evolution and development - terms and concepts
• the Burgess Shale - different types of animals
• types and the Geoffrey-Cuvier debate - a crossroads in evolutionary morphology
• archetypes and homology - the establishment of evolutionary developmental biology
• Bauplaene - fundamental body plans
• epigenetic organization of embryonic development
• vertebrate development - an overview
• integrated change in development and evolution
• genetics, epigenetics and environment
• homology and the evolution of development
• timing of developmental and evolutionary change
• evolution and development - principles and processes.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Many changes that occur during the development of an individual animal (particularly embryonic development) can be seen as a parallel to changes that have occurred in species or groups of species during evolutionary time. This book discusses how developmental processes affect evolutionary change and how development itself has evolved. It emphasizes that the two fields are tightly interwoven and draws attention to an emerging, distinct subdiscipline within biology. History, hierarchy, constraint, genetics, epigenetics, unity of type or archetypes, body plans, varieties of types of animals, homology, the relative role of external and internal factors, levels of evolutionary change and patterns versus processes are all placed in the context of this new subdiscipline.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part 1: origins - Horstadius and the neural crest, the neural crest and the germ-layer theory, the embryological origin of the neural crest, the evolutionary origin of the neural crest
• the amphibian neural crest - mesenchyme and the neural crest, epithelial evocation of cartilage, epigenetic cascades
• the neural crest in other vertebrates - cyclostomes, fish, reptiles, birds, mammals
• neural-crest cell migration - evidence of migration, extracellular matrix and migration, fibronectin, cessation of migration
• differentiation of neural-crest cells - extracellular matrix-mediated differentiation, subpopulations of neural-crest cells, bipotentiality of neural-crest cells
• the neurocristopathies - tumours, Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis, APUDomas, cardiac defects
• embryonic defects and the neural crest - susceptible stages of neural-crest development, vitamin A, craniofacial defects and the neural crest, mutations, species specificity, regulation. Part 2: a facsimile reprint of "The Neural Crest" by Sven Horstadius.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Neural crest cells are only found in vertebrates and it has been argued that they played a pivotal role in the origin of the species. The 120 year history of the neural crest is reviewed and its pervading influence documented and analyzed in this book, which includes and compares Horstadius' text "The Neural Crest: Its Properties and Derivatives" (1950) and new, experimental research into the treatment of the cells. The book takes a broad approach to the subject dealing with the embryonic and evolutionary origins of the neural crest, the many cell types and tissues that arise and differentiate from it, the migratory behaviour of these cells, and how knowledge of neural crest origin aids in the study of tumours and clinical syndromes. The two monographs are linked together by cross-referencing to the text and figures of Horstadius, by the provision of a common list of references and by a common index.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Fins and limbs and fins into limbs : the historical context, 1840-1940 / Peter J. Bowler
• Skeletal changes in the transition from fins to limbs / Michael I. Coates and Marcello Ruta
• A historical perspective on the study of animal locomotion with fins and limbs / Eliot G. Drucker and Adam P. Summers
• Fins and limbs in the study of evolutionary novelties / Gunter P. Wagner and Hans C.E. Larsson
• The development of fins and limbs / Mikiko Tanaka and Cheryl Tickle
• Mechanisms of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in fins / P. Eckhard Witten and Ann Huysseune
• Mechanisms of Chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in limbs / Scott D. Weatherbee and Lee A. Niswander
• Apoptosis in fin and limb development / Vanessa Zuzarte-Luís and Juan M. Hurlé
• Joint formation / Charles W. Archer, Gary P. Dowthwaite, and Philippa Francis-West
• Postnatal growth of fins and limbs through endochondral ossification / Cornelia E. Farnum
• Paired fin repair and regeneration / Marie-Andrée Akimenko and Amanda Smith
• Tetrapod limb regeneration / David M. Gardiner and Susan V. Bryant
• Evolution of the appendicular skeleton of amphibians / Robert L. Carroll and Robert B. Holmes
• Limb diversity and digit reduction in reptilian evolution / Michael D. Shapiro, Neil H. Shubin, and Jason P. Downs
• Limbs in mammalian evolution / P. David Polly
• Skeletal adaptations for flight / Stephen M. Gatesy and Kevin M. Middleton
• Adaptations for digging and burrowing / Nathan J. Kley and Maureen Kearney
• Aquatic adaptations in the limbs of amniotes / J.G.M. Thewissen and Michael A. Taylor
• Sesamoids and ossicles in the appendicular skeleton / Matthew K. Vickaryous and Wendy M. Olson.

Long ago, fish fins evolved into the limbs of land vertebrates and tetrapods. During this transition, some elements of the fin were carried over while new features developed. Lizard limbs, bird wings, and human arms and legs are therefore all evolutionary modifications of the original tetrapod limb.a A comprehensive look at the current state of research on fin and limb evolution and development, this volume addresses a wide range of subjectsOCoincluding growth, structure, maintenance, function, and regeneration. Divided into sections on evolution, development, and transformations, the book begins with a historical introduction to the study of fins and limbs and goes on to consider the evolution of limbs into wings as well as adaptations associated with specialized modes of life, such as digging and burrowing. "Fins into Limbs" also discusses occasions when evolution appears to have been reversedOCoin whales, for example, whose front limbs became flippers when they reverted to the waterOCoas well asasituations in which limbs are lost, such as in snakes. With contributions from world-renowned researchers, "Fins into Limbs" will be a font for further investigations in the changing field of evolutionary developmental biology. ".
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• Fins and limbs and fins into limbs : the historical context, 1840-1940 / Peter J. Bowler
• Skeletal changes in the transition from fins to limbs / Michael I. Coates and Marcello Ruta
• A historical perspective on the study of animal locomotion with fins and limbs / Eliot G. Drucker and Adam P. Summers
• Fins and limbs in the study of evolutionary novelties / Gunter P. Wagner and Hans C. E. Larsson
• The development of fins and limbs / Mikiko Tanaka and Cheryl Tickle
• Mechanisms of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in fins / P. Eckhard Witten and Ann Huysseune
• Mechanisms of Chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in limbs / Scott D. Weatherbee and Lee A. Niswander
• Apoptosis in fin and limb development / Vanessa Zuzarte-Luiś and Juan M. Hurle ́-- Joint formation / Charles W. Archer, Gary P. Dowthwaite, and Philippa Francis-West
• Postnatal growth of fins and limbs through endochondral ossification / Cornelia E. Farnum
• Paired fin repair and regeneration / Marie-Andreé Akimenko and Amanda Smith
• Tetrapod limb regeneration / David M. Gardiner and Susan V. Bryant
• Evolution of the appendicular skeleton of amphibians / Robert L. Carroll and Robert B. Holmes
• Limb diversity and digit reduction in reptilian evolution / Michael D. Shapiro, Neil H. Shubin, and Jason P. Downs
• Limbs in mammalian evolution / P. David Polly
• Skeletal adaptations for flight / Stephen M. Gatesy and Kevin M. Middleton
• Adaptations for digging and burrowing / Nathan J. Kley and Maureen Kearney
• Aquatic adaptations in the limbs of amniotes / J. G. M. Thewissen and Michael A. Taylor
• Sesamoids and ossicles in the appendicular skeleton / Matthew K. Vickaryous and Wendy M. Olson.

• Introduction. Richard Owen and the Concept of Homology. Homology, Topology and Typology: The History of the Modern Debates. Homology and Systematics. Homology, Form and Function. Can Biometrical Shape Be a Homologous Character?. Homology, Development and Heredity. History, Ontogeny and Evolution of the Archetype. Homology and the Mechanisms of Development. Within and Between Organisms: Replicators, Lineages and Homologues. Homology in Molecular Biology. Homology and Behavioral Repertoires. Complexity and Homology in Plants. Homology, Homeosis and Process Morphology in Plants.
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Homology, the similarity between organisms that is due to common ancestry, is the central concept of all comparative biology. However, the application of this concept varies depending on the data being examined. This volume represents a state-of-the-art treatment of the different applications of this unifyinf. Chapters deal with homology on all levels from molecules to behavior, and are authored by leading contributors to systematics, natural history, evolutionary and comparative biology. Features: * Special Features Include: * Commemoration of the 150th anniversary of Sir Richard Owen's seminal paper distinguishing homology from analogy * Contributors who are renowned leaders in comparative biology * Coverage that is both comprehensive and interdisciplinary.
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• v. 1. The osteoblast and osteocyte
• v. 2. The osteoclast
• v. 3. Bone matrix and bone specific products
• v. 4. Bone metabolism and mineralization
• v. 5. Fracture repair and regeneration
• v. 6. Bone growth--A
• v. 7. Bone growth--B
• v. 8. Mechanisms of bone development and growth
• v. 9. Differentiation and morphogenesis of bone.

"Bone: A Treatise" is a series of nine volumes devoted to providing the most up-to-date, comprehensive and authoritative coverage of all aspects of bone. Chapters have been written by 127 respected authors, all of whom are ctively engaged in basic, applied and clinical bone research. The nine volumes within this series are organized thematically. Each volume integrates structure, function, biochemistry, metabolism and the molecular and clinical aspects of a particular aspect of the biology of the bone. Volume 8 covers mechanisms of bone growth and development. Topics discussed include: the synthesis of endochondrial and intratendinous ossification; bone proteins; how transmembrane signalling mediates osteoinduction; and cellular mechanisms of bone formation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
"Bone: A Treatise" is a series of nine volumes devoted to providing the most up-to-date, comprehensive and authoritative coverage of all aspects of bone. Chapters have been written by 127 respected authors, all of whom are ctively engaged in basic, applied and clinical bone research. The nine volumes within this series are organized thematically. Each volume integrates structure, function, biochemistry, metabolism and the molecular and clinical aspects of a particular aspect of the biology of the bone. Volume Nine provides an overview of mechanisms controlling the differentiation and morphogenesis of bone, especially in craniofacial mesenchyme. The role played by homeobox genes in patterning the skeleton is reviewed and there is a discussion of how membrane bones repair themselves.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
"Bone: A Treatise" is a series of seven volumes devoted to providing the most up-to-date, comprehensive and authoritative coverage of all aspects of bone. 74 chapters have been written by 127 respected authors, all of whom are actively engaged in basic, applied, and clinical bone research. The seven volumes within this series are organized thematically. Each volume integrates structure, function, biochemistry, metabolism and the molecular and clinical aspects of a particular aspect of the biology of the bone. "Volume VI: Bone Growth A" features vitamins and how they affect bone growth and development.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
"Bone: A Treatise" is a series of seven volumes devoted to providing the most up-to-date, comprehensive, and authoritative coverage of all aspects of bone. Seventy-four chapters have been written by 127 respected authors, all of whom are actively engaged in basic, applied, and clinical bone research. The seven volumes in this unique series are organized thematically; each volume integrates structure, function, biochemistry, metabolism, and the molecular and clinical aspects of a particular aspect of the biology of bone. Bone-forming cells are treated in Volume I. Bone resorbing cells are covered in Volume II. Volumes III and IV examine the extracellular matrix of bone, with Volume III concentrating on the structure of bone matrix and on bone-specific proteins, while Volume IV focuses on the mineralization (calcification) of that matrix. Volume V addresses the repair and regeneration of bone. Volumes VI and VII explore bone growth and development.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)