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• Frontmatter
• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction
• One: "Intruder of Color": Freedom, Sovereignty, and Kinship in Indian Territory
• Two: Passing for Black: White Kinfolk, "Mulatto" Freedpeople, and Westward Migration
• Three: "He Dreamed of Africa": Kinship, Class, and Peoplehood
• Four: "No Such Thing as Stand Still": The Chief Sam Movement and the "African Pioneers"
• Epilogue
• Notes
• Index

The masterful and poignant story of three African-American families who journeyed west after emancipation, by an award-winning scholar and descendant of the migrants Following the lead of her own ancestors, Kendra Field's epic family history chronicles the westward migration of freedom's first generation in the fifty years after emancipation. Drawing on decades of archival research and family lore within and beyond the United States, Field traces their journey out of the South to Indian Territory, where they participated in the development of black and black Indian towns and settlements.   When statehood, oil speculation, and Jim Crow segregation imperiled their lives and livelihoods, these formerly enslaved men and women again chose emigration. Some migrants launched a powerful back-to-Africa movement, while others moved on to Canada and Mexico. Their lives and choices deepen and widen the roots of the Great Migration. Interweaving black, white, and Indian histories, Field's beautifully wrought narrative explores how ideas about race and color powerfully shaped the pursuit of freedom

• Frontmatter
• CONTENTS
• Introduction
• 1. The Fires of Honorable Ambition: The Education of John Quincy Adams
• 2. Clans and Tribes at Eternal War: Eu ro pe an Diplomacy and American Politics
• 3. In Search of Monsters to Destroy: The Extent and Limits of American Power
• 4. The Spirit of Improvement: Economic and Moral Development
• 5. A Stain upon the Character of the Nation: The Fight against Slavery
• 6. The Influence of Our Example: The Legacy of John Quincy Adams
• Notes
• Acknowledgments
• Index

America's rise from revolutionary colonies to a world power is often treated as inevitable. But Charles N. Edel's provocative biography of John Q. Adams argues that he served as the central architect of a grand strategy whose ideas and policies made him a critical link between the founding generation and the Civil War-era nation of Lincoln.
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• Frontmatter
• Contents
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction
• Part one. Colonial Clashes
• 1. "Una Casa, Dos Mujeres"
• 2. "Poligamie/Nintiouiouesaïn"
• 3. "Christians Have Kept 3 Wives"
• 4. "Negroe Mens Wifes"
• Part two. Enlightened Encounters
• 5. "The Natural Violence of Our Passions"
• 6. "Such a Revolution as This"
• 7. "The Repugnance Inherent in Having Multiple Wives"
• 8. "Defence of Polygamy by a Lady"
• Conclusion
• Notes
• Index

A groundbreaking examination of polygamy showing that monogamy was not the only form marriage took in early America Today we tend to think of polygamy as an unnatural marital arrangement characteristic of fringe sects or uncivilized peoples. Historian Sarah Pearsall shows us that polygamy's surprising history encompasses numerous colonies, indigenous communities, and segments of the American nation. Polygamy-as well as the fight against it-illuminates many touchstones of American history: the Pueblo Revolt and other uprisings against the Spanish; Catholic missions in New France; New England settlements and King Philip's War; the entrenchment of African slavery in the Chesapeake; the Atlantic Enlightenment; the American Revolution; missions and settlement in the West; and the rise of Mormonism. Pearsall expertly opens up broader questions about monogamy's emergence as the only marital option, tracing the impact of colonial events on property, theology, feminism, imperialism, and the regulation of sexuality. She shows that heterosexual monogamy was never the only model of marriage in North America

• Frontmatter
• FOREWORD
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• EDITORIAL METHOD AND APPARATUS
• CONTENTS
• ILLUSTRATIONS
• JEFFERSON CHRONOLOGY
• 1803
• July 1803
• August 1803
• September 1803
• October 1803
• November 1803
• APPENDICES
• Appendix I: List of Appointments, [11 July-15 November]
• Appendix II: Letters Not Printed in Full
• Appendix III: Letters Not Found
• Appendix IV: Financial Documents
• INDEX

The Louisiana Purchase dominates the months covered in this volume. Jefferson departs for Monticello to enjoy a needed respite after the busy three and a half months he has just spent in the nation's capital. Shortly before leaving Washington, he has a last meeting with his cabinet, after which he issues a proclamation to reconvene Congress on 17 October, three weeks early. It is the "great and weighty" business of the French government's stunning offer to transfer all of the Louisiana Territory to the United States that necessitates this important gathering. The event brings Jefferson enthusiastic congratulations from his friends and fellow Republicans. With Jefferson's great success, however, comes the reality of getting the agreement with France approved and implemented. The boundaries of the territory ceded are not even clear. In private letters to his trusted advisers, Jefferson discusses the proper course of action. Should both houses of Congress be called to consider the French offer? Is it prudent to make the substance of a treaty public? And perhaps most vexing, does this executive action require an amendment to the Constitution? Some Federalists criticize the plan, but an expansion of the nation's territory, proponents argue, will raise America's stature in the eyes of the world. With the widening of the country's borders, Jefferson's project to send an exploratory party westward seems even timelier. William Clark accepts Meriwether Lewis's invitation to join the expedition, and on the last day of August Lewis begins his journey down the Ohio River, the building of his boat finally complete

• Frontmatter
• FOREWORD
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• EDITORIAL METHOD AND APPARATUS
• CONTENTS
• ILLUSTRATIONS
• JEFFERSON CHRONOLOGY
• 1803
• November 1803
• December 1803
• 1804
• January 1804
• February 1804
• March 1804
• APPENDICES
• Appendix I: List of Appointments, [16 November 1803 to 3 March 1804]
• Appendix II: Letters Not Printed in Full
• Appendix III: Letters Not Found
• Appendix IV: Financial Documents
• INDEX

Confessing that he may be acting "with more boldness than wisdom, " Jefferson in November 1803 drafts a bill to create Orleans Territory, which he entrusts to John Breckinridge for introduction in the Senate. The administration sends stock certificates to France in payment for Louisiana. Relieved that affairs in the Mediterranean have improved with the evaporation of a threat of war with Morocco, the president does not know yet that Tripoli has captured the frigate Philadelphia with its officers and crew. He deals with never-ending issues of appointment to office and quarreling in his own party, while hearing that some Federalists are "as Bitter as wormwood." He shares seeds of the Venus flytrap with Elizabeth Leathes Merry, the British minister's wife. She and her husband, however, create a diplomatic storm over seating arrangements at dinner parties. Having reached St. Louis, Meriwether Lewis reports on the progress of the western expedition. Congress passes the Twelfth Amendment, which will provide for the separate election of president and vice president. In detailed notes made after Aaron Burr calls on him in January, Jefferson records his long-standing distrust of the New Yorker. Less than a month later, a congressional caucus nominates Jefferson for a second term, with George Clinton to replace Burr as vice president. Jefferson makes his first trials of the "double penned writing box" called the polygraph.

• Volume I Notes on Contributors x Preface xviii Acknowledgments xxiii Part I Campaigns and Battles 1 1 Virginia 1861 3 Clayton R. Newell 2 Missouri 19 Jeffrey Patrick 3 Mississippi Valley Campaign 41 Barbara A. Gannon 4 1862 Shenandoah Valley Campaign 56 Jonathan A. Noyalas 5 Logistics 74 Brian Holden Reid 6 Peninsula Campaign 95 Timothy J. Orr 7 Soldiers 114 Lorien Foote 8 Kentucky 132 Aaron Astor 9 Guerrillas 154 Barton A. Myers 10 Maryland Campaign of 1862 178 Benjamin Franklin Cooling 11 Battle of Antietam 195 D. Scott Hartwig 12 Civil War Tactics 211 Jennifer M. Murray 13 Battle of Fredericksburg 231 Mark A. Snell 14 Blockading Campaigns 240 Samuel Negus 15 Chancellorsville Campaign 262 Christian B. Keller 16 Battle of Gettysburg 280 Carol Reardon 17 African-American Soldiering 297 Andre M. Fleche 18 Vicksburg Campaign 316 Steven Nathaniel Dossman 19 Occupation 328 Jacqueline Glass Campbell 20 Arkansas 338 Buck T. Foster 21 Indian America 365 Megan Kate Nelson 22 Naval Development and Warfare 386 Kurt Henry Hackemer 23 Battles of Chickamauga and Chattanooga 410 Keith S. Bohannon 24 Atlanta Campaign 428 Robert L. Glaze 25 Georgia and Carolinas Campaigns 444 Anne Sarah Rubin 26 Prisons 456 James Gillispie 27 1864 Shenandoah Valley Campaign 476 Scott C. Patchan 28 Overland Campaign, 1864 492 Mark Grimsley 29 Louisiana and Texas Campaigns 501 Bradley R. Clampitt 30 Petersburg Campaign 521 Brian Matthew Jordan 31 Technology and War 540 Andrew S. Bledsoe 32 War and Environment 561 Kathryn Shively Meier 33 Appomattox Campaign 573 Bradley A. Wineman 34 Medicine and Health Care 590 Michael A. Flannery 35 Civil War Veterans 608 James Marten Volume II Notes on Contributors x Preface xviii Acknowledgments xxiii Part II Leaders 629 36 Ulysses S. Grant 631 James J. Broomall 37 Robert E. Lee 652 Elizabeth Brown Pryor 38 United States Generals 673 Wayne Wei-siang Hsieh 39 Abraham Lincoln 691 Brian Dirck 40 Jefferson Davis 710 Lynda Lasswell Crist 41 Frederick Douglass 724 L. Diane Barnes Part III Politics, Society, and Culture 741 42 Civil War Diplomacy 743 Jay Sexton 43 Ethnicity 763 David T. Gleeson 44 Women 779 Judith Giesberg 45 Manhood 795 Brian Craig Miller 46 Northern Politics 811 Adam I.P. Smith 47 Southern Politics 830 John M. Sacher 48 Northern Dissent 849 Matthew Warshauer 49 Southern Dissent 867 Margaret M. Storey 50 Northern Home Front 891 Robert M. Sandow 51 Southern Home Front 909 Aaron Sheehan-Dean 52 Abolitionists in the Civil War 927 Stanley Harrold 53 Slavery in the Civil War 949 Jaime Amanda Martinez 54 Emancipation 965 Yael A. Sternhell 55 Literature 987 Michael T. Bernath 56 Music 1003 Christian McWhirter 57 Religion 1021 Sean A. Scott 58 Constitution and Law 1035 Christian G. Samito 59 Nationalism 1056 Paul Quigley 60 Wartime Political Economy 1073 Sean Patrick Adams Part IV The Civil War in History 1087 61 Theory and Method 1089 Paul Christopher Anderson 62 The Global Civil War 1103 Don H. Doyle 63 Wartime Origins of Reconstruction 1121 John C. Rodrigue 64 Memory 1139 Caroline E. Janney Name Index 1155 Subject Index 1167.
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A Companion to the U.S. Civil War presents a comprehensive historiographical collection of essays covering all major military, political, social, and economic aspects of the American Civil War (1861-1865). * Represents the most comprehensive coverage available relating to all aspects of the U.S. Civil War * Features contributions from dozens of experts in Civil War scholarship * Covers major campaigns and battles, and military and political figures, as well as non-military aspects of the conflict such as gender, emancipation, literature, ethnicity, slavery, and memory.
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Respectable and Disreputable describes how Montgomerians spent their increasing leisure time during the four decades preceding the Civil War. Everyday activities included gambling, drinking, sporting, hunting, and voluntary associations -- military, literary, self-improvement, fraternal, and civic. The book also includes seasonal activities -- religious and national holidays, fairs, balls, horse racing, and summering at mineral springs. Commercial entertainment, which became more prominent in the late antebellum period, included theater, opera, circuses, and minstrel shows. Historian Jeffrey Benton describes not only those everyday, seasonal, and commercial activities, but also shows how antebellum society debated the moral and philosophical questions of how leisure time should be spent. Woven throughout the book are comparisons between Montgomery and other cities and towns in antebellum America. Although the United States may have been increasingly divided economically, on rural-urban experiences, and of course on the issue of slavery, it seems that antebellum Americans -- at least those living in or with easy access to urban areas -- shared very similar leisure time activities.

• Frontmatter
• Contents
• Introduction: Mistresses of the Market
• 1. MISTRESSES IN THE MAKING
• 2. "I BELONG TO DE MISTIS"
• 3. "MISSUS DONE HER OWN BOSSING"
• 4. "SHE THOUGHT SHE COULD FIND A BETTER MARKET"
• 5. "WET NURSE FOR SALE OR HIRE"
• 6. "THAT 'OMAN TOOK DELIGHT IN SELLIN' SLAVES"
• 7. "HER SLAVES HAVE BEEN LIBERATED AND LOST TO HER"
• 8. "A MOST UNPRECEDENTED ROBBERY"
• EPILOGUE: LOST KINDRED, LOST CAUSE
• NOTES
• BIBLIOGRAPHY
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• INDEX

A bold and searing investigation into the role of white women in the American slave economy   Bridging women's history, the history of the South, and African American history, this book makes a bold argument about the role of white women in American slavery. Historian Stephanie E. Jones-Rogers draws on a variety of sources to show that slave†'owning women were sophisticated economic actors who directly engaged in and benefited from the South's slave market. Because women typically inherited more slaves than land, enslaved people were often their primary source of wealth. Not only did white women often refuse to cede ownership of their slaves to their husbands, they employed management techniques that were as effective and brutal as those used by slave†'owning men. White women actively participated in the slave market, profited from it, and used it for economic and social empowerment. By examining the economically entangled lives of enslaved people and slave†'owning women, Jones-Rogers presents a narrative that forces us to rethink the economics and social conventions of slaveholding America

• Frontmatter
• Series Preface
• Contents
• Preface and Acknowledgments
• Introduction
• 1. Farms and Farm Families in Old and New Areas: The Northern States in 1860
• 2. Patterns of Childbearing in Late Nineteenth-Century America: The Determinants of Marital Fertility in Five Massachusetts Towns in 1880
• 3. Changes in Black Fertility, 1880-1940
• 4. Migration and Adjustment in the Nineteenth-Century City: Occupation, Property, and Household Structure of Native- born Whites, Buffalo, New York, 1855
• 5. Newly weds and Family Extension: The First Stage of the Family Cycle in Providence, Rhode Island, 1864-1865 and 1879-1880
• 6. Patterns of Consumption, Acculturation, and Family Income Strategies in Late Nineteenth-Century America
• Contributors
• Index

Representing new approaches to the study of the family and historical demography, this collection of essays analyzes the relationships of demographic processes in different population groups to household structure and family organization, and their implications for family behavior. Emphasizing dynamic rather than structural factors, the essays thus move beyond earlier studies of family history. Essays by the editors, Richard Easterlin, George Alter, Gretchen Condran, and Stanley Engerman focus on patterns of fertility in relation to urban and industrial development, economic opportunity and the availability of land, and race and ethnic origin. The remaining essays, by Laurence Glasco, Howard Chudacoff, and John Modell, deal with family organization over time as affected by such factors as the practice of boarding, the role of kin, family budgeting strategy, and migration. The authors not only challenge the prevailing assumption that rapid urbanization is responsible for the decline in the fertility rate; they also contend that, contrary to the prevailing theories of social change, the emergence of nuclear households was not a consequence of industrialization.Originally published in 1978.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905

• Introduction: The Role of Science and Technology in the Creation of American National Identity
• 1. Domestic Science: Learning, Observing, and Promoting Science as American Enterprise
• 2. Flights of Imagination: Air Balloons and National Ambitions
• 3. Engines of Change: Machines Drive American Industry
• 4. Grand Designs: Technology and Urban Planning
• 5. Internal Improvements: Phrenology as a Tool for Reform
• 6. Fair America: Promoting American Invention Conclusion: The First American Century.
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In Scientific Americans, Susan Branson explores the place of science and technology in American efforts to achieve cultural independence from Europe and America's nation building in the early republic and antebellum eras. This engaging tour of scientific education and practices among ordinary citizens charts the development of nationalism and national identity alongside roads, rails, and machines. Scientific Americans shows how informal scientific education provided by almanacs, public lectures, and demonstrations, along with the financial encouragement of early scientific societies, generated an enthusiasm for the application of science and technology to civic, commercial, and domestic improvements. Not only that: Americans were excited, awed, and intrigued with the practicality of inventions. Bringing together scientific research and popular wonder, Branson charts how everything from mechanical clocks to steam engines informed the creation and expansion of the American nation. From the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations to the fate of the Amistad captives, Scientific Americans shows how the promotion and celebration of discoveries, inventions, and technologies articulated Americans' earliest ambitions, as well as prejudices, throughout the first American century.
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• Frontmatter
• Contents
• Introduction: The World the Slaveholders Craved
• 1. Confronting the Great Apostle of Emancipation
• 2. The Strongest Naval Power on Earth
• 3. A Hemispheric Defense of Slavery
• 4. Slavery's Dominoes: Brazil and Texas
• 5. The Young Hercules of America
• 6. King Cotton, Emperor Slavery
• 7. Slaveholding Visions of Modernity
• 8. Foreign Policy amid Domestic Crisis
• 9. The Military South
• 10. American Slavery, Global Power
• Epilogue: The Rod of Empire
• Notes
• Acknowledgments
• Credits
• Index

When the United States emerged as a world power in the years before the Civil War, the men who presided over the nation's triumphant territorial and economic expansion were largely southern slaveholders. As presidents, cabinet officers, and diplomats, slaveholding leaders controlled the main levers of foreign policy inside an increasingly powerful American state. This Vast Southern Empire explores the international vision and strategic operations of these southerners at the commanding heights of American politics. For proslavery leaders like John C. Calhoun and Jefferson Davis, the nineteenth-century world was torn between two hostile forces: a rising movement against bondage, and an Atlantic plantation system that was larger and more productive than ever before. In this great struggle, southern statesmen saw the United States as slavery's most powerful champion. Overcoming traditional qualms about a strong central government, slaveholding leaders harnessed the power of the state to defend slavery abroad. During the antebellum years, they worked energetically to modernize the U.S. military, while steering American diplomacy to protect slavery in Brazil, Cuba, and the Republic of Texas. As Matthew Karp demonstrates, these leaders were nationalists, not separatists. Their "vast southern empire" was not an independent South but the entire United States, and only the election of Abraham Lincoln broke their grip on national power. Fortified by years at the helm of U.S. foreign affairs, slaveholding elites formed their own Confederacy-not only as a desperate effort to preserve their property but as a confident bid to shape the future of the Atlantic world.
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• List of Illustrations xi Notes on Contributors xiii Acknowledgments xix Introduction 1 Stuart Leibiger 1 James Madison's Political Thought: The Ideas of an Acting Politician 4 Jack N. Rakove 2 James Madison's Journey to an "Honorable and Useful Profession, " 1751--1780 21 Paul Douglas Newman 3 James Madison, 1780-
• -1787: Nationalism and Political Reform 39 Adam Tate 4 James Madison and the Grand Convention: "The Great Difficulty of Representation" 56 Gordon Lloyd and Christopher Burkett 5 James Madison and the Ratification of the Constitution: A Triumph Over Adversity 74 Kevin R. C. Gutzman 6 James Madison in The Federalist: Elucidating "The Particular Structure of this Government" 91 Michael Zuckert 7 James Madison, Republican Government, and the Formation of the Bill of Rights: "Bound by Every Motive of Prudence" 109 Alan Gibson 8 James Madison in the U.S. House of Representatives, 1789-
• -1797: America's First Congressional Floor Leader 127 Carey Roberts 9 James Madison and the National Gazette Essays: The Birth of a Party Politician 143 Denver Brunsman 10 James Madison, the Virginia Resolutions, and the Philosophy of Modern American Democracy 159 Garrett Ward Sheldon 11 James Madison's Secretary of State Years, 1801-
• -1809: Successes and Failures in Foreign Relations 176 Mary Hackett 12 President James Madison's Domestic Policies, 1809-
• -1817: Jeffersonian Factionalism and the Beginnings of American Nationalism 192 Aaron N. Coleman 13 President James Madison and Foreign Affairs, 1809-
• -1817: Years of Principle and Peril 207 David J. Siemers 14 James Madison's Retirement, 1817-
• -1836: Engaging the Republican Past, Present, and Future 224 James H. Read 15 James Madison and George Washington: The Indispensable Man's Indispensable Man 241 Stuart Leibiger 16 James Madison and Thomas Jefferson: A "Friendship Which Was For Life" 259 Jeffry H. Morrison 17 James and Dolley Madison and the Quest for Unity 274 Catherine Allgor 18 James Madison and Montpelier: The Rhythms of Rural Life 292 David B. Mattern 19 James Madison and the Dilemma of American Slavery 306 Jeff Broadwater 20 James Monroe's Political Thought: The People the Sovereigns 324 Arthur Scherr 21 James Monroe, 1758-
• -1783: Student and Soldier of the American Revolution 343 Daniel Preston 22 James Monroe and the Confederation, 1781-
• -1789: The Making of a Virginia Statesman 359 Robert W. Smith 23 James Monroe in the 1790s: A Republican Leader 375 William M. Ferraro 24 James Monroe as Governor of Virginia and Diplomat Abroad, 1799-
• -1810: A Revolution of Principles and the Triumph of Pragmatism 391 David A. Nichols 25 James Monroe as Secretary of State and Secretary of War, 1809-
• -1817: Toward Republican Strategic Sobriety 405 MackubinThomas Owens 26 James Monroe, James Madison, and the War of
• 1812: A Difficult Interlude 421 J.C.A. Stagg 27 President James Monroe's Domestic Policies, 1817-
• -1825: "To Advance the Best Interests of Our Union" 438 Michael J. McManus 28 President James Monroe and Foreign Affairs, 1817-
• -1825: An Enduring Legacy 456 Sandra Moats 29 The Domestic Life of James Monroe: The Man at Home 472 Meghan C. Budinger 30 James Monroe and Thomas Jefferson: Republican Government and the British Challenge to America, 1780--1826 489 Michael Schwarz 31 James Monroe and James Madison: Republican Partners 505 Brook Poston 32 James Madison and James Monroe Historiography: A Tale of Two Divergent Bodies of Scholarship 521 Peter Daniel Haworth References 541 Index 558.
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A Companion to James Madison and James Monroe features essays from leading academics that consider various aspects of the lives and legacies of our fourth and fifth presidents. Provides historians and students of history with a wealth of new insights into the lives and achievements of two of America's most accomplished statesmen, James Madison and James Monroe Features 32 state-of-the field historiographic essays from leading academics that consider various aspects of the lives and legacies of our fourth and fifth presidents Synthesizes the latest findings, and offers new insights based on original research into primary sources Addresses topics that readers often want to learn more about, such as Madison and slavery.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Frontmatter
• Contents
• Preface
• ONE. The Declaration of Independence and the Mystery of Equality
• TWO. Contending for Religious Equality
• THREE. Equal Justice for Irishmen and Other Foreigners
• FOUR. People of Color and the Promise Betrayed
• FIVE. People of Color and Equal Rights
• SIX. Subordinate Citizens
• SEVEN. Equal Rights and Unequal People
• EIGHT. Equal Rights, Privilege, and the Pursuit of Inequality
• Notes
• Acknowledgments
• Index

From a distinguished historian, a detailed and compelling examination of how the early Republic struggled with the idea that "all men are created equal" How did Americans in the generations following the Declaration of Independence translate its lofty ideals into practice? In this broadly synthetic work, distinguished historian Richard Brown shows that despite its founding statement that "all men are created equal, " the early Republic struggled with every form of social inequality. While people paid homage to the ideal of equal rights, this ideal came up against entrenched social and political practices and beliefs.   Brown illustrates how the ideal was tested in struggles over race and ethnicity, religious freedom, gender and social class, voting rights and citizenship. He shows how high principles fared in criminal trials and divorce cases when minorities, women, and people from different social classes faced judgment. This book offers a much-needed exploration of the ways revolutionary political ideas penetrated popular thinking and everyday practice

Savannah's Midnight Hour argues that Savannah's development is best understood within the larger history of municipal finance, public policy, and judicial readjustment in an urbanizing nation. In providing such context, Lisa Denmark adds constructive complexity to the conventional Old South/New South dichotomous narrative, in which the politics of slavery, secession, Civil War, and Reconstruction dominate the analysis of economic development. Denmark shows us that Savannah's fiscal experience in the antebellum and postbellum years, while exhibiting some distinctively southern characteristics, also echoes a larger national experience. Her broad account of municipal decision making about improvement investment throughout the nineteenth century offers a more nuanced look at the continuity and change of policies in this pivotal urban setting. Beginning in the 1820s and continuing into the 1870s, Savannah's resourceful government leaders acted enthusiastically and aggressively to establish transportation links and to construct a modern infrastructure. Taking the long view of financial risk, the city/municipal government invested in an ever-widening array of projects-canals, railroads, harbor improvement, drainage- because of their potential to stimulate the city's economy. Denmark examines how this ideology of over-optimistic risk-taking, rooted firmly in the antebellum period, persisted after the Civil War and eventually brought the city to the brink of bankruptcy. The struggle to strike the right balance between using public policy and public money to promote economic development while, at the same time, trying to maintain a sound fiscal footing is a question governments still struggle with today.
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• Contents and AbstractsIntroduction: At Home, with Ghosts chapter abstractProvides an overview of the book's contents. Broadly, the book tracks the seances, deathbed communions, flashes of clairvoyance, and telepathic experiments that bound together the lives of ordinary Americans from the 1860s well into the twentieth century. Or rather, it follows Americans as they chased these strange phenomena across boundaries of gender, race, and mental illness. Psychical research, a field of study that emerged specifically to make sense of experiences that defied explanation, relied on a far-flung network of participants to collect its "wild facts." Most were not trained scientists, but all believed that a scientific approach was the best way to discover the true nature of the mind and, perhaps, the soul. This book tells the story of their failure to produce an orthodox science and explores the often neglected relational phenomena that they did successfully generate.
• 1The Weather Map at the Bottom of the Mind chapter abstractThe American Society for Psychical Research (ASPR) looked to the iconic field sciences of the nineteenth century for both methods and metaphors, organizational strategies, and epistemological foundations. This chapter considers the influence of meteorology and astronomy on psychical research. All three sciences faced a similar challenge: how to identify and fix fleeting phenomena encountered only in their indirect emanations. They all grappled with the problem of the "personal equation, " a certain degree of inevitable perceptual variability among observers. By self-consciously adopting meteorology and astronomy as models, ASPR leaders not only asserted the feasibility of capturing the invisible, they also sought to counter the materialist orthodoxy of the lab. William James, especially, saw individual mental events as inextricable from the context in which they occurred-a context impossible to reproduce under artificially controlled conditions. It was no more realistic to study the mind in a laboratory than to study a tornado in a test tube.
• 2Machines That Dream Together chapter abstractThe scientific study of dreams offers a window into nineteenth-century views about the unconscious and the nature of the mind. Competing models of mind proposed by psychologists and psychical researchers had serious implications for human relations, politics, and commerce. New communication channels like the telegraph facilitated the spread of ideas and impressions with unprecedented speed. Psychical research suggested that ideas could spread of their own accord, along mysterious wavelengths that eluded human control. This would badly undermine the notion of intellectual property, not to mention the "marketplace of ideas" where rational consumers deliberate over their commitments. Radical utopians saw a path to progress and uplift, while conservatives saw a volatile threat to the social order. Though some dismissed thought-transference and telepathy as preposterous, the strength of the anecdotal tradition around such events led serious psychologists and philosophers to speculate on their meaning.
• 3Drawings from the Other Side chapter abstractPsychical researchers did not merely imitate the techniques of objectivity emerging in academic psychology, they helped to articulate new experimental practices for accessing the unconscious mind. This chapter explores the influence of psychical research on the development of drawing tasks as a psychometric and clinical tool. While psychical researchers used drawing to test the permeability of the mind, it was embraced in mainstream psychology as a way to bypass the patient's subjectivity and access the brain's inner workings. The widespread use of drawing in psychometrics, neuropsychology, and psychotherapy takes on a new significance when we understand its roots in psychical research: an experiment meant to join two minds in communion became a routine tool for examining solitary brains.
• 4Psychic Domesticity chapter abstractThis chapter focuses on the role of intimacy in the psychical research career of Mary Craig Sinclair and her husband, the novelist Upton Sinclair. Mary Craig Sinclair's story encapsulates issues of gender, witnessing, and subjectivity. She began with studies of a stage medium, Count Ostoja, which reversed the Gothic script of Svengali-like psychic invasion by placing Sinclair in the position of superior mental power. After this scandalous episode, Sinclair retreated to the home and to the dyad of the married couple, where she began a long-running experiment as a recipient of her husband's telepathic messages. Returning to the normative gender dynamic that her initial research had disrupted, she was able to win the acceptance of leading psychical researchers and psychologists.
• 5The Wilderness of Insanity chapter abstractPsychical research was constantly negotiating the boundaries of sanity-sometimes in a communal and democratic way, sometimes in a clinical and authoritarian way. To pursue the real into a wilderness where perceptions could deceive, it had to standardize its sources within a certain range of reliability. The concept of neurasthenia allowed investigators to distinguish between subjects with compromised mental faculties and those with physiological troubles that did not negate their ability to testify. However, this differentiation had no fixed or clearly articulated criteria. Widespread anxiety over neurasthenia was chipping away at the very notion of mental normalcy, and radical experiments in Spiritualism, psychical research, and parapsychology further blurred the "vague boundary" between the well and the sick, scientists and subjects.
• Conclusion: To Keep Alive and Heap Up Data chapter abstractHistories of psychology have long framed psychical research as a necessary failure, a last gasp of magical thinking that had to be purified out in order for the mind sciences to become truly scientific. The book's conclusion reevaluates the failure narrative, arguing that psychical research gave participants valuable tools with which to probe their experiences on their own terms. In its successes as well as its struggles for legitimacy, psychical research illustrates the contextual nature of science and the permeability of the self. James and his many correspondents tried to stabilize a normative understanding of what it means to be an experiencer, an observer, and a citizen. At the same time, their intimate exposures transgressed the boundaries of the individual and called into question the unity of reality itself.
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Seances, clairvoyance, and telepathy captivated public imagination in the United States from the 1850s well into the twentieth century. Though skeptics dismissed these experiences as delusions, a new kind of investigator emerged to seek the science behind such phenomena. With new technologies like the telegraph collapsing the boundaries of time and space, an explanation seemed within reach. As Americans took up psychical experiments in their homes, the boundaries of the mind began to waver. Common Phantoms brings these experiments back to life while modeling a new approach to the history of psychology and the mind sciences. Drawing on previously untapped archives of participant-reported data, Alicia Puglionesi recounts how an eclectic group of investigators tried to capture the most elusive dimensions of human consciousness. A vast though flawed experiment in democratic science, psychical research gave participants valuable tools with which to study their experiences on their own terms. Academic psychology would ultimately disown this effort as both a scientific failure and a remnant of magical thinking, but its challenge to the limits of science, the mind, and the soul still reverberates today.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction: Imperial Children and Empire Formation in the Nineteenth Century
• 1. Birthing Empire: Economies of Childrearing and the Establishment of American Colonialism in Hawai`i
• 2. Playing with Fire: White Childhood and Environmental Legacies in Nineteenth-Century Hawai`i
• 3. Schooling Power: Teaching Anglo-Civic Duty in the Hawaiian Islands, 1841-53
• 4. Cannibals in America: U.S. Acculturation and the Construction of National Identity in Nineteenth-Century White Immigrants from the Hawaiian Islands
• 5. Crossing the Pali: White Missionary Children, Bicultural Identity, and the Racial Divide in Hawai`i, 1820-98 Conclusion: White Hawaiians before the World Notes Bibliography Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

2018 Sally and Ken Owens Award from the Western History Association Twelve companies of American missionaries were sent to the Hawaiian Islands between 1819 and 1848 with the goal of spreading American Christianity and New England values. By the 1850s American missionary families in the islands had birthed more than 250 white children, considered Hawaiian subjects by the indigenous monarchy and U.S. citizens by missionary parents. In Hawaiian by Birth Joy Schulz explores the tensions among the competing parental, cultural, and educational interests affecting these children and, in turn, the impact the children had on nineteenth-century U.S. foreign policy. These children of white missionaries would eventually alienate themselves from the Hawaiian monarchy and indigenous population by securing disproportionate economic and political power. Their childhoods-complicated by both Hawaiian and American influences-led to significant political and international ramifications once the children reached adulthood. Almost none chose to follow their parents into the missionary profession, and many rejected the Christian faith. Almost all supported the annexation of Hawai`i despite their parents' hope that the islands would remain independent. Whether the missionary children moved to the U.S. mainland, stayed in the islands, or traveled the world, they took with them a sense of racial privilege and cultural superiority. Schulz adds children's voices to the historical record with this first comprehensive study of the white children born in the Hawaiian Islands between 1820 and 1850 and their path toward political revolution.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Frontmatter
• Contents
• Illustrations
• Preface
• Introduction: Frederick Douglass's Oratory and Political Leadership
• PART 1: Selected Speeches by Frederick Douglass
• "I Have Come to Tell You Something about Slavery"
• "Temperance and Anti-Slavery"
• "American Slavery, American Religion, and the Free Church of Scotland"
• "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?"
• "A Nation in the Midst of a Nation"
• "The Claims of the Negro Ethnologically Considered"
• "The American Constitution and the Slave"
• "The Mission of the War"
• "Sources of Danger to the Republic"
• "Let the Negro Alone"
• "We Welcome the Fifteenth Amendment"
• "Our Composite Nationality"
• "Which Greeley Are We Voting For?"
• "Recollections of the Anti-Slavery Conflict"
• "The Freedmen's Monument to Abraham Lincoln"
• "This Decision Has Hum bled the Nation"
• " 'It Moves, ' or the Philosophy of Reform"
• "I Am a Radical Woman Suffrage Man"
• "Self-Made Men"
• "Lessons of the Hour"
• PART 2: Known Influences on Frederick Douglass's Oratory
• From The Columbian Orator (1817) / Bingham, Caleb
• From "An Address to the Slaves of the United States of America" (1843) / Garnet, Henry Highland
• "Speech Denouncing Daniel Webster's Endorsement of the Fugitive Slave Law" (1850) / Ward, Samuel Ringgold
• From "Toussaint L'Ouverture" (1863) / Phillips, Wendell
• PART 3: Frederick Douglass on Public Speaking
• "Give Us the Facts, " from My Bondage and My Freedom (1855) / Douglass, Frederick
• "One Hundred Conventions" (1843), from Life and Times of Frederick Douglass (1881; 1892) / Douglass, Frederick
• "Letter from the Editor" (1849), from the Rochester North Star / Douglass, Frederick
• "A New Vocation before Me" (1870), from Life and Times / Douglass, Frederick
• "People Want to Be Amused as Well as Instructed" (1871), Letter to James Redpath / Douglass, Frederick
• "Great Is the Miracle of Human Speech" (1891), from the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star / Douglass, Frederick
• PART 4: Contemporary Commentary on Frederick Douglass as an Orator
• From "Rhode Island Anti-Slavery Meeting" (1841) / Rogers, Nathaniel Peabody
• "A Leaf from My Scrap Book: Samuel R. Ward and Frederick Douglass" (1849) / Wilson, William J.
• From "A Colored Man's Eloquence" (1853) / Weed, Thurlow G.
• From The Rising Son (1874) / Brown, William Wells
• "An 1895 Public Letter from Elizabeth Cady Stanton on the Occasion of Frederick Douglass's Death, " from In Memoriam: Frederick Douglass, ed. Helen Douglass (1897) / Stanton, Elizabeth Cady
• From American Orators and Oratory (1901) / Higginson, Thomas Wentworth
• PART 5: Modern Scholarly Criticism of Frederick Douglass as an Orator
• From Frederick Douglass: Freedom's Voice, 1818-1845 / Lampe, Gregory P.
• From Specters of Democracy: Blackness and the Aesthetics of Politics in the Antebellum U.S. / Wilson, Ivy G.
• From "Fighting for Freedom Again: African American Reform Rhetoric in the Late Nineteenth Century" / Leeman, Richard W.
• From The Afro-American Jeremiad: Appeals for Justice in America / Howard-Pitney, David
• From " 'He Made Us Laugh Some': Frederick Douglass's Humor" / Ganter, Granville
• Chronology of Other Important Speeches and Events in Frederick Douglass's Life
• Selected Bibliography
• Credits
• Index

A collection of twenty of Frederick Douglass's most important orations This volume brings together twenty of Frederick Douglass's most historically significant speeches on a range of issues, including slavery, abolitionism, civil rights, sectionalism, temperance, women's rights, economic development, and immigration. Douglass's oratory is accompanied by speeches that he considered influential, his thoughts on giving public lectures and the skills necessary to succeed in that endeavor, commentary by his contemporaries on his performances, and modern-day assessments of Douglass's effectiveness as a public speaker and advocate

• Introduction: The Vanishing Fair and the Enduring Home
• Situating the Sites in Chicago: Elite Networks and Archaeology
• Temporalities as Ideologies
• Domesticity and Social Life
• Consumption and Conspicuous Disposal
• Conclusion: At the Center of the World, Again.

Through archaeological and archival research from sites associated with the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Disposing of Modernity explores the changing world of urban America at the turn of the twentieth century. Featuring excavations of trash deposited during the fair, Rebecca Graff's first-of-its-kind study reveals changing consumer patterns, notions of domesticity and progress, and anxieties about the modernization of society. Graff examines artifacts, architecture, and written records from the 1893 fair's Ohio Building, which was used as a clubhouse for fairgoers in Jackson Park, and the Charnley-Persky House, an aesthetically modern city residence designed by Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright. Many of the items she uncovers were products that first debuted at world's fairs, and materials such as mineral water bottles, cheese containers, dentures, and dinnerware illustrate how fairs created markets for new goods and influenced consumer practices. Graff discusses how the fair's ephemeral nature gave it transformative power in Chicago society, and she connects its accompanying "conspicuous disposal" habits to today's waste disposal regimes. Reflecting on the planning of the Obama Presidential Center at the site of the Chicago World's Fair, she draws attention to the ways the historical trends documented here continue in the present. Published in cooperation with the Society for Historical Archaeology.
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• Introduction: The Spark of the Greek Fire
• 1. Americans, Greeks, and Ottomans Before 1821
• 2. European Philhellenism Crosses the Atlantic
• 3. Philhellenism Joins with American Benevolence
• 4. Philhellenes Clash with American Commerce
• 5. Abolitionism, Reform, and Philhellenic Rhetoric Conclusion: The Legacy of American Philhellenism.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The Greek Fire examines the United States' early global influence as the fledgling nation that inserted itself in conflicts that were oceans away. Maureen Connors Santelli focuses on the American fascination with and involvement in the Greek Revolution in the 1820s and 1830s. That nationalist movement incited an American philhellenic movement that pushed the borders of US interests into the eastern Mediterranean and infused a global perspective into domestic conversations concerning freedom and reform. Perceiving strong cultural, intellectual, and racial ties with Greece, American men and women identified Greece as the seedbed of American democracy and a crucial source of American values. From Maryland to Missouri and Maine to Georgia, grassroots organizations sent men, money, and supplies to aid the Greeks. Defending the modern Greeks from Turkish slavery and oppression was an issue on which northerners and southerners agreed. Philhellenes, often led by women, joined efforts with benevolence and missionary groups and together they promoted humanitarianism, education reform, and evangelism. Public pressure on the US Congress, however, did not result in intervention on behalf of the Greeks. Commercial interests convinced US officials, who wished to cultivate commercial ties with the Ottomans, to remain out of the conflict. The Greek Fire analyzes the role of Americans in the Greek Revolution and the aftermath of US involvement. In doing so, Santelli revises understandings of US involvement in foreign affairs, and she shows how diplomacy developed at the same time as Americans were learning what it meant to be a country, and what that country stood for.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: Maps Meridians, and Mounts in Western Nebraska
• You Must Watch Your Horses
• Theft Cultures
• The Horse Wars
• A Most Tempting Business
• From Thieves to Villains
• When Horse Thieves Were Hanged
• Epilogue: The Old West in Miniature.

"Never Caught Twice offers a comprehensive cross-cultural study of horse theft as a crime, a transactional activity, and an intercultural phenomenon on the Great Plains of Western Nebraska"-- Provided by publisher.