Normal faults are the primary structures that accommodate extension of the brittle crust. This volume provides an up-to-date overview of current research into the geometry and growth of normal faults. The 23 research papers present the findings of outcrop and subsurface studies of the geometrical evolution of faults from a number of basins worldwide, complemented by analogue and numerical modelling studies of fundamental aspects of fault kinematics. The topics addressed include how fault length changes with displacement, how faults interact with one another, the controls of previous structure on fault evolution and the nature and origin of fault-related folding. This volume will be of interest to those wishing to develop a better understanding of the structural geological aspects of faulting, from postgraduate students to those working in industry.

• Introduction--
• 1. Methods and background--
• 2. Introduction to North America: the Pacific-North America plate boundary--
• 3. San Andreas System and basin and range--
• 4. Caribbean Plate and Middle America subduction zone--
• 5. South America--
• 6. Africa, Arabia, and Western Europe--
• 7. Eastern Mediterranean, the Caucasus, and the Middle East--
• 8. India, the Himalaya, Mainland China, and Central Asia--
• 9. Japan and the Western Pacific--
• 10. Southeast Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and Pacific Islands-- References-- Index.
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Providing the first worldwide survey of active earthquake faults, this book focuses on those described as 'seismic time bombs' - with the potential to destroy large cities in the developing world such as Port au Prince, Kabul, Tehran and Caracas. Leading international earthquake expert, Robert Yeats, explores both the regional and plate-tectonic context of active faults, providing the background for seismic hazard evaluation in planning large-scale projects such as nuclear power plants or hydroelectric dams. He also highlights work done in more advanced seismogenic countries like Japan, the United States, New Zealand and China, providing an important basis for upgrading building standards and other laws in developing nations. The book also explores the impact of major quakes on social development through history. It will form an accessible reference for analysts and consulting firms, and a convenient overview for academics and students of geoscience, geotechnical engineering and civil engineering, and land-use planning.
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• Stress and Strain in Rocks.- The Stress Circle.- The Brittle Regime.- The Coulomb-Mohr Theory of Faulting.- Poro-Thermo Elasticity of Rocks.- Fault Structures.- Slip, Reactivation and Termination of Faults.- Parallel Faults.- Modelling of Faulting-Scaling Problems.
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The book presents an introduction to the mechanical genesis of tectonic faults in the brittle crust of the Earth. In the first chapters mechanical concepts of rock (such as brittleness, stresses in a discontinuum, effective stress, buoyancy, poro-thermo-elasticiy, fracture modes and the corresponding failure and slip conditions) are discussed. The book focuses on the critical re-assessment of Coulomb-Mohr's theory of sliding deformation in rocks. The book concludes with a discourse on similarity and self-similarity of fault structures and a critical examination of the feasibility of scaled model experiments. Mathematical formalism is restricted to a minimum and is replaced, wherever possible, by the extremely useful graphic method of Mohr's stress circle which is introduced in a separate chapter. The book includes illustrative geological and geotechnical examples.
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• Preface. Part I: Tectono-mechanical models. Introduction. General fault features. Extensional faulting. Wrench faulting. Thrusting. Part II: Basic concepts. Stress. Stress equilibrium. Stresses in porous rocks. The stress circle. Strain. Poro-elasticity. Plasticity of rocks. Work. Buoyancy in porous rocks. Flow through porous rocks. References. Index.
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This series, under the editorship of Professor H.J. Zwart, will deal with all topics within this field, such as: micro structures, large scale tectonics, experimental structural geology, fabrics, rock mechanics, and modelling in structural geology. The aim is to publish advanced level reference books to provide state-of-the-art reviews of these and other aspects of structural geology. This series will be of value to researchers and professionals in structural geology, rock mechanics, petroleum geology and tectonophysics. This first volume in the series deals with the mechanics of tectonic faulting and its central theme is the formation of faults in the tectonic stress field and the interaction between faults and stresses. The author, Dr. G. Mandl, was one of the top research people with Shell International Research. Part I of the book deals with the mechanical genesis of general fault features, such as fault shape and antithetic, precursory and secondary faulting and elaborates on these more general aspects within the context of specific tectono-mechanical models for extensional faulting and thrusting. Besides critical reviews, Part I contains a number of new or hitherto unpublished results, in particular on model experiments and numerical analyses. The central chapter of Part II presents a full introduction into mechanical theory and rock plasticity - the theory most adequate to tectonic faulting and therefore forming the backbone of the book. Besides presentations of basic concepts of stress and strain, special chapters are devoted to poro-elasticity and fluid flow through porous rocks.
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