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• Foreword / Leonard J. Arrington
• 1. Economic Welfare in Ohio and Missouri, 1831-1839
• 2. Resettlement and Relief in Nauvoo, 1839-1846
• 3. The Economics of the Exodus, 1846-1887
• 4. Economic Welfare in the Mountain West, 1847-1900
• 5. Twentieth-Century Welfare, 1900-1930
• 6. Response to the Great Depression, 1929-1935
• 7. The Church Welfare Plan, 1936-1960
• 8. The Maturing of Welfare Services in the United States and Canada, 1960-1990
• 9. The Welfare Program in the International Church
• 10. The Future of Welfare Services.

• Introduction : religious charity
• The pious and the practical : an ideology of charity
• A cascade of hospitals
• To shelter the pilgrim : military orders, hospices, and bridges
• The Hospitaller orders
• Lay piety
• Charity that sanctifies
• The religious dimensions of care
• Conclusion : between two worlds : an elusive paradigm.

Benevolence toward the poor in medieval Europe rested upon ideological foundations established by Christianity and was practiced by a diverse body of clerics and lay people. ""Charity and Religion in Medieval Europe"" is the first comprehensive study of the ideas that underlie medieval generosity and of the institutions created to serve the poor. It traces the roots of this liberality to the patristic era and demonstrates how the ideas of twelfth-century reformers, especially Pope Innocent III, broadened and deepened society's commitment to the downtrodden. In successive chapters, the informative study outlines the charitable practices of monasteries, bishops and their chapters, and individual clerics and lay people. It also chronicles the emergence of specialized religious orders that sheltered pilgrims, ransomed captives, tended to victims of skin diseases, cared for orphans and the sick, and attempted the reform of prostitutes. A chapter devoted to lay charity demonstrates how an ideal of practical sanctity helped to promote acts of generosity within parishes, confraternities, and various types of lay ascetical associations. Within hospitals and other institutions of charity, traditional religious practice was modified and adapted to provide a spiritual and corporate framework for the women and men who actually served the poor. Furthermore, within such institutions, the spiritual needs of patients were paramount, and so provision of the sacraments and religious burial was as important as ameliorative or palliative care that was provided to the poor. The book challenges conventional views of medieval piety by demonstrating how the ideology of charity and its vision of the active life provided an important alternative to the ascetical, contemplative tradition emphasized by most historians. By bridging the divide that often separated lay people from clergy, religious charity provided an arena of action within which all medieval Christians could fully participate.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction--
• 2. The poor and poverty in Roman Palestine--
• 3. From vessels to institutions--
• 4. Tamhui, the soup kitchen--
• 5. Quppa, the charity fund--
• 6. Charity with dignity--
• 7. The charity supervisor--
• 8. Conclusion: after the Tannaim.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book examines the origins of communal and institutional almsgiving in rabbinic Judaism. It undertakes a close reading of foundational rabbinic texts (Mishnah, Tosefta, Tannaitic Midrashim) and places their discourses on organized giving in their second to third century CE contexts. Gregg E. Gardner finds that Tannaim promoted giving through the soup kitchen (tamhui) and charity fund (quppa), which enabled anonymous and collective support for the poor. This protected the dignity of the poor and provided an alternative to begging, which benefited the community as a whole - poor and non-poor alike. By contrast, later Jewish and Christian writings (from the fourth to fifth centuries) would see organized charity as a means to promote their own religious authority. This book contributes to the study of Jews and Judaism, history of religions, biblical studies, and ethics.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Discipline, community, and the 16th-century origins of modern poor relief
• 2. The rise and fall of the workhouse: poor relief and social policy in the age of absolutism
• 3. Pauperism, moral reform, and visions of civil society, 1800-1870
• 4. The state, the market, and the regulation of poor relief, 1830-1870
• 5. The assistantial double helix: poor relief, social insurance, and the political economy of poor relief, 1830-1870
• 6. New voices: citizenship, social reform, and the origins of modern social work in Imperial Germany
• 7. The social perspective on need and the origins of modern social welfare
• 8. From fault to risk: changing strategies of assistance to the jobless in Imperial Germany.

This account of poor relief, charity, and social welfare in Germany from the Reformation through World War I integrates historical narrative and theoretical analysis of such issues as social discipline, governmentality, gender, religion, and state-formation. It analyses the changing cultural frameworks through which the poor came to be considered as needy; the institutions, strategies, and practices devised to assist, integrate, and discipline these populations; and the political alchemy through which the needs of the individual were reconciled with those of the community. While the Bismarckian social insurance programs have long been regarded as the origin of the German welfare state, this book shows how preventive social welfare programs - the second pillar of the welfare state - evolved out of traditional poor relief, and it emphasises the role of progressive reformers and local, voluntary initiative in this process and the impact of competing reform discourses on both the social domain and the public sphere.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• Part 1: The Big Picture
• 1. The Misallocation of Time
• 2. Time Use and Public Policy
• Part 2: Using the Yardstick of Time to Capture Care
• 3. Proximity, or Responsibility?: Measuring Parental Child Care Time
• 4. Making the Invisible Visible: The Life and Time(s) of Informal Caregivers
• Part 3: Valuing Child Care and Elder Care
• 5. Bringing Up Bobby and Betty: The Inputs and Outputs of Child Care Time
• 6. Valuing Informal Elder Care
• Part 4: Parenting, Employment and the Pressures of Care
• 7. Packaging Care: What Happens When Children Receive Non-Parental Care?
• 8. Parenting and Employment: What Time-Use Surveys Show
• 9. The Rush Hour: The Quality of Time and Gender Equity
• Part 5: International Comparisons
• 10. Dual Earner Families in Four Countries
• 11. Parenthood Without Penalty.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The time we have to care for one another, especially for our children and our elderly, is more precious to us than anything else in the world. Yet we have more experience accounting for money than we do for time. In this volume, leading experts in analysis of time use from across the globe explore the interface between time use and family policy. The contributors: * show how social institutions limit the choices that individuals can make about how to divide their time between paid and unpaid work * challenge conventional surveys that offer simplistic measures of time spent in childcare or elder care * summarize empirical evidence concerning trends in time devoted to the care of family members * debate ways of assigning a monetary value to this time. This informative and enlightening book is well researched, well thought through and well written. An important read for students of feminist economics, sociology and gender studies, the contributors here argue that time is not money, in fact time is more important than money.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction / Peter Neary
• The Canadian veterans' heritage from the Great War / Desmond Morton
• Awaiting return : life in the Canadian Army's overseas repatriation depots, 1945-1946 / Dean F. Oliver
• Getting it right the second time around : the reintegration of Canadian veterans of World War II / Jeff Keshen
• The Veterans Charter : the compensation principle and the principle of recognition for service / Don Ives
• National Selective Service and employment and seniority rights for veterans, 1943-1946 / Michael D. Stevenson
• Canadian universities and Canadian veterans of World War II / Peter Neary
• From neurasthenia to post-traumatic stress disorder : Canadian veterans and the problem of persistent emotional disabilities / Terry Copp
• Going back to main street : the development and impact of casualty rehabilitation for veterans with disabilities, 1945-1948 / Mary Tremblay
• Family allowances, old age security, and the construction of entitlement in the Canadian welfare state, 1943-1951 / James Struthers
• Canadian domesticity in the postwar era / Doug Owram
• A half-century on : the veterans' experience / J.L. Granatstein.

Desmond Morton sets the scene with a survey of the experiences of veterans of the Great War, who found much to fault in Ottawa's policies; Jeff Keshen looks at the very different experience of Canada's veterans of World War II. Dean Oliver examines the organization and administration of the return of Canadian soldiers from Europe after VE-Day, and Don Ives examines the philosophy and program of the Veterans Charter. Focusing on specific benefits of the Charter, Michael Stevenson looks at issues surrounding veterans' right to reinstatement in civil employment, Peter Neary deals with educational benefits made available through the Veterans Rehabilitation Act of 1945, and Terry Copp and Mary Tremblay examine rehabilitation of veterans with psychiatric and physical disabilities. Taking a broader scope, James Struthers provides an insightful assessment of the construction of the Canadian welfare state and Doug Owram offers a revisionist appraisal of Canadian society in the postwar era. J.L. Granatstein concludes the volume with a probing reflection on the meaning for Canadians of the veteran experience and of their country's participation in World War II. The achievements of this generation of Canadian soldiers are sometimes downplayed; this collection of essays puts their achievements on the historical record and pays tribute to their memory and accomplishments.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Acknowledgments Introduction The Decline of the Orphanage and the Invention of Welfare The Institutional Inclination Two Dimensions of Institutional Change Institutional Self-Doubt and Internal Reform From Orphanage to Home The Orphanage Reaches Outward "The Unwalled Institution of the State" The Perils of Placing Out "The Experiment of Having No Home" Mobilizing for Mothers' Pensions Religious Wars Conclusion: An End to the Orphanage Notes Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book examines the connection between the decline of the orphanage and the rise of welfare. Matthew Crenson argues that the prehistory of the welfare system was played out not on the stage of national politics or class conflict but in the micropolitics of institutional management. New arrangements for child welfare policy emerged gradually as superintendents, visiting agents, and charity officials responded to the difficulties that they encountered in running orphanages or creating systems that served as alternatives to institutional care. Crenson also follows the decades-long debate about the relative merits of family care or institutional care for dependent children. Leaving poor children at home with their mothers emerged as the most generally acceptable alternative to the orphanage, along with an ambitious new conception of social reform. Instead of sheltering vulnerable children in institutions designed to transform them into virtuous citizens, the reformers of the Progressive Era tried to integrate poor children into the larger society, while protecting them from its perils.

• Preface
• Contents
• Part I: The Turn to Nonprofits
• 1. Contracting for Services in the Welfare State
• The Scope of Nonprofit Service Organizations
• Issues for the Welfare State
• 2. Nonprofit Organizations and Community
• Nonprofits as Manifestations of Community
• Community and the Theory of Nonprofit Organizations
• Toward a Political Explanation of Nonprofit Organizations
• Three Types of Nonprofit Service Agencies
• Part II: The Contracting Regime
• Introduction to Part II
• 3. The Political Economy of Nonprofit Revenues

• Historical BackgroundImpact at the Service Delivery Level
• The Reagan Era and a Changing Federal Role
• 4. Guardians of Community and Issues of Governance
• Boards of Directors
• Executive Directors
• Boards, Executives, and Community
• 5. Service Providers for the Welfare State
• Professionalization
• Deprofessionalization and Government Funding
• Volunteers and Organizational Capacity
• The New Street-Level Bureaucrats
• 6. Services and Clients under Contracting
• Imperatives of Public and Nonprofit Service Organizations

• Significance of Differences between Government and NonprofitsChanges in Practices under Contracting
• 7. Dilemmas of Management in Nonprofit Organizations
• Understanding the Nonprofit Organization
• Cash Flow
• The Dance of Contract Renewal
• The Question of Goal Succession
• Part III: Implications for the Welfare State
• 8. The New Politics of the Contracting Regime
• Individual Agencies in the Political Process
• The Rise of Associations of Nonprofit Providers
• The Corporatist Politics of the Contracting Regime
• The Nonprofit Sector under Attack

• 9. Privatization in Human Services: A CritiqueWhy Does Government Contract with Nonprofit Agencies?
• Perfmmance Assessment
• The Irony of Privatization through Contracting
• 10. Government, Nonprofit Agencies, and the Welfare State
• Issues of Citizenship
• Contracting as Symbolic Politics
• Toward a Balanced Approach to Communal Prouision
• Tables
• Notes
• Index

In recent years, government's primary response to the emergent problems of homelessness, hunger, child abuse, health care, and AIDS has been generated through nonprofit agencies funded by taxpayer money. As part of the widespread movement for privatization, these agencies represent revolutionary changes in the welfare state. Steven Smith and Michael Lipsky demonstrate that this massive shift in funds has benefits and drawbacks. Given the breadth of government funding of nonprofit agencies, this first study of the social, political, and organizational effects of this service strategy is an essential contribution to the current raging debates on the future of the welfare state.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface - Charlotte Roberts
• 1. Introduction William Southwell-Wright, Rebecca Gowland and Lindsay Powell
• Section 1: Care and the Life Course
• 2. Childcare in the Past Mary Lewis
• 3. The "Terrible Tyranny of the Majority": Recognising Population Variability and Individual Agency in Past Infant Feeding Practices Ellen Kendall
• 4.-Precious Things: Examining the Status and Care of Children in Late Medieval England Through the analysis of Cultural and Biological Markers Heidi Dawson
• 5. "That Tattered Coat Upon a Stick the Ageing Body": Evidence for Elder Marginalisation and Abuse in Roman Britain Rebecca L. Gowland
• Section 2: Care Impairment and Disability
• 6. The Palaeolithic Compassion Debate - Alternative Projections of Modern Day Disability into the Distant Past Nick Thorpe
• 7. Setting the Scene for an Evolutionary Approach to Care in Prehistory: A Historical and Philosophical Journey David Doat
• 8. "A Long Waiting for Death": Dependency and the Care of the Disabled in a Nineteenth Century Asylum Shawn Phillips
• 9 Prayers and Poultices: Medieval Health Care at the Isle of May, Scotland. C. AD 430-1580 Marlo Willows
• Section 3: Animal and Plant Evidence for Care
• 10. Towards a Zooarchaeology of Animal `Care' Richard Thomas
• 11. Rare Secrets of Physicke: Insect Medicaments in Historical Western Society Gary King
• 12. Conclusion Lindsay Powell, William Southwell-Wright, Rebecca Gowland.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Care-giving is an activity that has been practiced by all human societies. From the earliest societies through to the present, all humans have faced choices regarding how people in positions of dependency are to be treated. As such, care-giving, and the form it takes, is a central experience of being a human and one that is culturally mediated. Archaeology has tended to marginalise the study of care, and debates surrounding our ability to recognise it within the archaeological record have often remained implicit rather than a focus of discussion. In order to address this, the 12 papers in this volume bring together archaeological, historical, and philosophical perspectives to examine the topic of care in past societies, and how we might recognise the provision of care in archaeological contexts. The topic of care is examined through three different strands: care throughout the life course, namely that provided to the youngest and oldest members of society; care-giving and attitudes towards impairment and disability; and the role of animals as both recipients of care and as tools for its provision.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• AcknowledgmentsNote on Terminology and NamesIntroduction1. The Feebleminded Menace and the Innocent Child2. Two Roads to Sterilization3. Who Was Feebleminded?4. The Price of Freedom5. Sterilization and Welfare in Depression and War6. From Fixing the Poor to Fixing the System?ConclusionAppendixNotesIndex.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Between 1907 and 1937, thirty-two states legalized the sterilization of more than 63,000 Americans. In Fixing the Poor, Molly Ladd-Taylor tells the story of these state-run eugenic sterilization programs. She focuses on one such program in Minnesota, where surgical sterilization was legally voluntary and administered within a progressive child welfare system. Tracing Minnesota's eugenics program from its conceptual origins in the 1880s to its official end in the 1970s, Ladd-Taylor argues that state sterilization policies reflected a wider variety of worldviews and political agendas than previously understood. She describes how, after 1920, people endorsed sterilization and its alternative, institutionalization, as the best way to aid dependent children without helping the "undeserving" poor. She also sheds new light on how the policy gained acceptance and why coerced sterilizations persisted long after eugenics lost its prestige. In Ladd-Taylor's provocative study, eugenic sterilization appears less like a deliberate effort to improve the gene pool than a complicated but sadly familiar tale of troubled families, fiscal and administrative politics, and deep-felt cultural attitudes about disability, dependency, sexuality, and gender. Drawing on institutional and medical records, court cases, newspapers, and professional journals, Ladd-Taylor reconstructs the tragic stories of the welfare-dependent, sexually delinquent, and disabled people who were labeled feebleminded and targeted for sterilization. She chronicles the routine operation of Minnesota's three-step policy of eugenic commitment, institutionalization, and sterilization in the 1920s and 1930s and shows how surgery became the "price of freedom" from a state institution. Combining innovative political analysis with a compelling social history of those caught up in Minnesota's welfare system, Fixing the Poor is a powerful reinterpretation of eugenic sterilization.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Einleitung. Zielsetzung der Studie ; Die Fragestellungen
• Das Aufnahmeverfahren in der öffentlichen Sozialhilfe. Ausgangslage und Begriffsklärung ; Die Bedeutung des Aufnahmeverfahrens aus der Sicht der Sozialen Arbeit ; Das Aufnahmeverfahren im Wandel
• Theoretischer Rahmen : die Inanspruchnahme von (bedarfsabhängigen) Sozialleistungen. Die Nichtinanspruchnahme : ein soziales Problem? ; Das Aufnahmeverfahren und der Zugang zu Leistungen : Ergebnisse einer schwedischen Studie ; Welche Faktoren beeinflussen die Inanspruchnahme von Leistungen? ; Erklärungsmodell für die Inanspruchnahme finanzieller Leistungen
• Methodisches Vorgehen. Das dreistufige Forschungsdesign ; Untersuchungseinheit und Grundgesamtheit ; Auswahl der fünf Sozialdienste ; Die Datenerhebungen ; Beschreibung und Analyse der Grundgesamtheiten und Stichproben ; Die Datenauswertung
• Die fünf Aufnahmeverfahren. Politisch-administrative Rahmenbedingungen ; Beschreibung der Aufnahmeverfahren
• Problemlagen, Erwartungen und Wissen der Antragstellenden. Problemlagen bei der Antragstellung ; Erfahrungen mit der Sozialhilfe ; Die Bedeutung von Triggerereignissen bei der Kontaktaufnahme ; Erwartungen an den Sozialdienst und Einschätzung der Anspruchsberechtigung ; Wissen über die Sozialhilfe ; Einstellungen gegenüber der Sozialhilfe ; Zusammenfassung
• Das Aufnahmeverfahren aus Sicht der Antragstellenden. Beurteilung der Strukturqualität ; Beurteilung des Erstkontaktes und des Aufnahmegesprächs ; Die Beurteilung des Aufnahmeverfahrens und der damit verbundenen Anforderungen ; Zusammenfassung
• Die entscheidenden Faktoren im Aufnahmeverfahren. Der Stand der Aufnahmeverfahren nach sechs bis acht Wochen ; Typologie der Aufnahmeverfahren ; Individuelle Handlungsbedingungen und Ausgang des Verfahrens ; Zusammenfassung
• Schlussdiskussion. Wunsch nach Beratung steht im Vordergrund ; Der schwere Gang zum Sozialdienst ; Das Aufnahmeverfahren aus Sicht der Befragten ; Die Schattenseiten des Föderalismus
• Literaturverzeichnis. Gesetzliche Grundlagen
• Autorin und Autoren.