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• Introduction: entrepreneurial inputs and outcomes: new studies of entrepreneurship in the United States (G.D. Libecap). Does venture capital spur innovation? (S. Kortum, J. Lerner). Commitment signals in the interaction between business angels and entrepreneurs (D. Prasad et al.). Entrepreneurial financing, savings, and mobility (V. Quadrini). Collusion and collective action in the patent system: a proposal for patent bounties (J.R. Thomas). The effects of strengthening patent rights on firms engaged in cumulative innovation: insights from the semiconductor industry (R. Ham Ziedonis, B.H. Hall). The role and experience of start-ups in commercializing university inventions: start-up licencees at the University of California (R.A. Lowe). Minority and female entrepreneurship (P. Roberson-Saunders). The invisible hand and economic progress (R.G. Holcombe). Innovative upstream investments & input supply contracts (J. Kerkvliet, J.F. Shogren).
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The performance of economies depends upon entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs identify new opportunities, implement new technologies, provide new products and services, and generally, make an economy vibrant. Yet, little is understood of the institutional structure that supports entrepreneurship or of the economic and sociological factors that encourage entrepreneurial activity. The papers in this volume represent research on these issues. The material is relevant for both an academic and lay audience. Three papers by Kortum and Lerner; Thomas; and Ziedonis and Hall examine the US patent system and its relationship to venture capital, its impact on R&D expenditures and access to new technologies, and its affect on "patent portfolio races." Two others by Prasad, Vozikis, and Bruton, and Quadrini address financing issues, including the importance of private savings by entrepreneurs for self financing of new ventures and for signaling venture quality. Quadrini shows that entrepreneurs experience greater upward mobility than do others in the population. A related paper by Lowe explores the role and experience of start-ups in commercializing university inventions, a growing source of new technology. Kerkvliet and Shogren examine innovation in the institutions used by firms to obtain productive inputs. Two other papers by Roberson-Saunders and Holcombe examine the characteristics of entrepreneurs and the importance of entrepreneurial activity in the economy in the generation of new products, processes, and services and outlines policies for encouraging entrepreneurship. This collection of papers highlights the variety of issues associated with gaining a better understanding of entrepreneurship.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1:
• Bigger, Better, Faster, Cheaper Why Entrepreneurship Is More Vibrant and Sustained in the United States than Elsewhere Chapter 2:
• Gorillas and Guerillas How Start-ups and Established Companies Make Each Other Better Chapter 3:
• European and Colonial Foundations Where America Got Its Crazy Ideas About Property Rights and the Right to Compete Chapter 4:
• Upstart Nation How the Bickering New States Created a Constitution of Competing Interests Chapter 5:
• Building the Entrepreneurial Republic How America Balanced the Race to Get Ahead with the Desire to Stay There Chapter 6:
• The Evolution from Small Business to Big How Upstarts Challenged Incumbents to Create the First Unicorns Chapter 7:
• The Age and Aging of Incumbents What Happens When Giants Fall Asleep Chapter 8:
• The Entrepreneurial Revolution It's Cool to Get Rich, Man Chapter 9:
• The Inflection Point Avoiding Pitfalls in Tackling Social Issues Chapter 10:
• Maintaining the Entrepreneurial Advantage Pursuing Shared Prosperity Without Killing the Goose
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• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Will America's entrepreneurial spirit continue to define its destiny? What can the rest of the world learn from America's experience? In Launchpad Republic: America's Entrepreneurial Edge and Why it Matters to All of Us, Howard Wolk and John Landry provide an insightful and thought-provoking history of entrepreneurship in the United States, with a focus on the political, legal, and cultural forces that have sustained "creative destruction" and propelled the country forward for more than 200 years. In telling this story, the book highlights the critical features that have set America apart from other countries and identifies the key attributes necessary for it to maintain leadership for years to come. Entrepreneurship is a rebellious act, and America's democratic system is unique in enabling new companies to challenge established ones. As a result, the country enjoys not just more robust start-up activity, but also a dynamism that forces big companies to improve-or face the consequences. It protects both property rights and the right to compete in ways not enjoyed elsewhere, encouraging investment and innovation. Aside from assessing how American entrepreneurial capitalism unfolded, the authors address current challenges such as the rise of the "Big Tech", concerns about inequality, inclusivity and sustainability, and the evolution toward stakeholder capitalism. They compare the American approach to both Continental Europe's consensus-oriented framework and China's authoritarian model. Launchpad Republic offers readers: Insights into how America's political, legal and cultural history helped make the country the most dynamic economy in the world since inception A framework for understanding how the country's balanced and limited government, decentralized financial and corporate system, and responsiveness to consumers all served to enable innovation and improved standard of living while avoiding many of the pitfalls of cronyism and protectionism Fascinating comparisons between the United States and other countries, both historical and contemporary, that provide important context to many of today's critical issues A book that covers important topics in an easy to read style, Launchpad Republic belongs in the library of every policy wonk, capitalist, entrepreneur, founder, business leader, amateur historian, and technologist with an interest in how America's relentless entrepreneurial spirit has influenced-and will influence-its destiny.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book is a biographical sketch and interview compilation of leading African American entrepreneurs in the USA. In recent years, African American enterprises have grown in numbers and have become an important contributor in the national and global economy. In addition to introducing the movers and shakers of African American business, this book shares their viewpoints on pathways to success, overcoming obstacles, as well as practical advice for aspiring entrepreneurs. With inspiring stories and practical business know-how, this book offers value to teachers and students of entrepreneurship, policy makers, and the business community.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Following an in-depth discussion of the theoretical underpinnings of successful entrepreneurship, the authors show how to apply the theory in actual practice. They demonstrate how to analyze the entrepreneurial firM's stage of development and then focus specifically on problems linked to that stage, how to use the Success/Failure grid as an analysis tool, and how to capitalize on favorable conditions and opportunities. A book for aspiring entrepreneurs both within and outside of established corporations, this book introduces a new perspective on the subject that both refutes individualistic myths about entrepreneurship and provides a specific theory about successful entrepreneurial activity. The authors point to the need for entrepreneurial systems--collections of individuals working together--as the real key to successful ventures...By painting a more accurate picture of how entrepreneurial ventures really work, and then offering sound advice to prospective entrepreneurs on how to achieve lasting success, this book makes a major contribution to the business literature. Money World A book for aspiring entrepreneurs both within and outside of established corporations, this book introduces a new perspectve on the subject that both refutes individualistic myths about entrepreneurship and provides a specific theory about successful entrepreneurial activity. The authors point to the need for entrepreneurial systems--collections of individuals working together--as the real key to successful ventures. They argue that there are four essential elements that must be present and operating in concert if entrepreneurship is to succeed: characteristics, competencies, conditions, and contexts. Following an in-depth discussion of the theoretical underpinnngs of successful entrepreneurship, the authors show how to apply the theory in actual practice. Planning tools like the Four C Conference--in which an assessment of each of the four necessary elements is made--and the Concert of Components Conference will enable the individual entrepreneur to begin to set up a workable entrepreneurial system. The authors demonstrate how to analyze the entrepreneurial firM's stage of development and then focus specifically on problems linked to that stage, how to use the success/failure grid as an analysis tool, and how to capitalize on favorable conditions and opportunities. By painting a more accurate picture of how entrepreneurial ventures really work--and then offering sound advice to prospective entrepreneurs on how to achieve lasting success--this book makes a major contribution to the business literature.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Foreword
• Introduction
• Part I Who Are the New Builders?
• Chapter 1 A New Generation
• Chapter 2 How Change Really Happens
• Chapter 3 The Definition of Success
• Chapter 4 More Than Grit
• Part II How We Got Here/What We're Up Against
• Chapter 5 Opportunity When You Don't Always Expect It
• Chapter 6 A Brief History of Entrepreneurship in the United States
• Chapter 7 The Elephants in the Room
• Chapter 8 Where's the Money
• Chapter 9 Failure, A Hallmark of Builders New and Old
• Part III The Invisible Army
• Chapter 10 Unlikely Heroes
• Chapter 11 The Backbone of America
• Chapter 12 Sum of Our Parts
• Chapter 13 No One Develops on the East Side
• Part IV Face to Face with the Future
• Chapter 14 A Secret of Silicon Valley
• Chapter 15 New Capital Models
• Chapter 16 Hope and Promise
• Epilogue
• Acknowledgments
• About the Authors
• Index.
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Despite popular belief to the contrary, entrepreneurship in the United States is dying. It has been since before the Great Recession of 2008, and the negative trend in American entrepreneurship has been accelerated by the Covid pandemic. New firms are being started at a slower rate, are employing fewer workers, and are being formed disproportionately in just a few major cities in the U.S. At the same time, large chains are opening more locations. Companies such as Amazon with their "deliver everything and anything" are rapidly displacing Main Street businesses. In The New Builders, we tell the stories of the next generation of entrepreneurs -- and argue for the future of American entrepreneurship. That future lies in surprising places -- and will in particular rely on the success of women, black and brown entrepreneurs. Our country hasn't yet even recognized the identities of the New Builders, let alone developed strategies to support them. Our misunderstanding is driven by a core misperception. Consider a "typical" American entrepreneur. Think about the entrepreneur who appears on TV, the business leader making headlines during the pandemic. Think of the type of businesses she or he is building, the college or business school they attended, the place they grew up. The image you probably conjured is that of a young, white male starting a technology business. He's likely in Silicon Valley. Possibly New York or Boston. He's self-confident, versed in the ins and outs of business funding and has an extensive (Ivy League?) network of peers and mentors eager to help his business thrive, grow and make millions, if not billions. You'd think entrepreneurship is thriving, and helping the United States maintain its economic power. You'd be almost completely wrong. The dominant image of an entrepreneur as a young white man starting a tech business on the coasts isn't correct at all. Today's American entrepreneurs, the people who drive critical parts of our economy, are more likely to be female and non-white. In fact, the number of women-owned businesses has increased 31 times between 1972 and 2018 according to the Kauffman Foundation (in 1972, women-owned businesses accounted for just 4.6% of all firms; in 2018 that figure was 40%). The fastest-growing group of female entrepreneurs are women of color, who are responsible for 64% of new women-owned businesses being created. In a few years, we believe women will make up more than half of the entrepreneurs in America. The age of the average American entrepreneur also belies conventional wisdom: It's 42. The average age of the most successful entrepreneurs -- those in the top .01% in terms of their company's growth in the first five years -- is 45. These are the New Builders. Women, people of color, immigrants and people over 40. We're failing them. And by doing so, we are failing ourselves. In this book, you'll learn: How the definition of business success in America today has grown corporate and around the concepts of growth, size, and consumption. Why and how our collective understanding of "entrepreneurship" has dangerously narrowed. Once a broad term including people starting businesses of all types, entrepreneurship has come to describe only the brash technology founders on the way to becoming big. Who are the fastest growing groups of entrepreneurs? What are they working on? What drives them? The real engine that drove Silicon Valley's entrepreneurs. The government had a much bigger role than is widely known The extent to which entrepreneurs and small businesses are woven through our history, and the ways we have forgotten women and people of color who owned small businesses in the past. How we're increasingly afraid to fail The role small businesses are playing saving the wilderness, small towns and redlined communities What we can do to turn the decline in entrepreneurship around, especially be supporting the people who are courageously starting small companies today.
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This comprehensive model for school start-ups from the initial planning and opening of the school and through its initial growth is targeted at school leaders involved in the creation of charter schools, private schools, and other emerging educational entities. Here, the author presents specific tools and techniques to guide the school start-up and includes examples from educational and traditional entrepreneurs.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction. The economic contributional entrepreneurship education: an evaluation with an established program (G.D. Libecap, A. Charney). A framework for understanding technological change: lessons from information technology, 1868-1997 (J. Cortada). Internet domain names: property rights and institutional innovation (M. Mueller). Understanding factors that trigger entrepreneurial behavior in established companies (M. Morris et al.). Dynamics of rapid growth and change: a complexity theory of entrepreneurial activity (B.M. Bergmann Lichtenstein). Marketing for the entrepreneur: customer focus to multiple constituencies (R. Goldstein).
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This volume includes a series of papers which examine the contributions of entrepreneurship education on the performance of graduates. Using survey data for 2,484 entrepreneurship and non-entrepreneurship graduates, the analysis indicates that entrepreneurship education contributes to risk taking, the formation of new ventures, and firm growth. The second chapter continues with an assessment of the effects of entrepreneurship and technological change historically, focusing on the computer industry. Chapter three also examines the development of property rights in the computing industry with an assessment of the special problems of the internet. Chapter four turns to broader questions of the bases for entrepreneurial behavior within firms and presents survey data from South Africa and the US. Chapter five continues the analysis of entrepreneurial activities. A model is presented and implications are drawn. The final two chapters examine specific marketing issues for entrepreneurial firms. With ease of entry and intense competition, marketing strategies become especially critical.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Why Care?.- What Is Entrepreneurship and How Do You Find It?.- How Much and When?.- Comparisons across Space.- Individuals: Participation in the Business Life Course.- What Happens in the Start-up Process?.- Comparisons across the Firm Life Course.- Start-up Funding: Expectations, Informal Support, and Accredited Investors.- Comparisons across Space: United States and the World.- Overview and Commentary.
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This important book enhances understanding of entrepreneurial dynamics, providing the first analysis of changes in US entrepreneurial activity. Based on the unprecedented Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics, it examines adult participation in new firm creation and differences in regional firm creation activity. Shedding light on the importance of new firms for job growth, productivity enhancements, innovation, and routes for social mobility, the author tracks the success or failure of entrepreneurs, including comparisons of different groups, such as women and minorities, as well as across countries.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• 1. Independence amidst Consolidation: Independent Publishers and Bookstores
• 2. Freelancers: Flexibility and Uncertainty as a Contractor
• 3. Intersectionality and Entrepreneurial Identity
• Conclusion and COVID-19.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Entrepreneurship underpins many roles within the publishing industry, from freelancing to bookselling. Entrepreneurs are shaped by the contexts in which their entrepreneurship is situated (social, political, economic, and national). Additionally, entrepreneurship is integral to occupational identity for book publishing entrepreneurs. This Element examines entrepreneurship through the lens of identity and narrative based on interview data with book publishing entrepreneurs in the US Book publishing entrepreneurship narratives of independence, culture over commerce, accidental profession, place, risk, (in)stability, busyness, and freedom are examined in this Element.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

It's become an article of faith that American entrepreneurship is in trouble. The problems are many: lack of capital, too few entrepreneurial immigrants, excessive regulation, an aging population, slowing population growth, and rising student debt. But while experts across the country debate the causes and propose solutions, Scott Shane explains that the data just do not fit. Dismantling each of the most widely accepted theories in turn, he persuasively demonstrates that-while an evolving market is changing the nature of most startups-entrepreneurship is actually alive and well. Shane reveals how the number of incorporated startups is rising, fewer startups are failing, and the number of businesses backed by investors is increasing. The overall picture is positive. Exhaustively researched and compellingly told, this book will be read and discussed for years to come.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)