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• Preface
• Chapter One. Tentsmuir in prehistory
• Chapter Two. Tentsmuir in history
• Chapter Three. Sand and water
• Chapter Four. Tentsmuir's dunes -a changing landscape
• Chapter Five. Tentsmuir's wetlands
• Chapter Six. Land, people and resources
• Chapter Seven. Tentsmuir's thriving birds
• Chapter Eight. Tentsmuir's declining birds
• Chapter Nine. Tentsmuir's mammals butterflies and moths
• Chapter Ten. Saving the Wilderness
• References.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Tentsmuir has been a scene of human activity for over 10,000 years. It witnessed one of the earliest known occurrences in Scotland of Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and has supported human activities throughout the Neolithic and Iron Age. In medieval times it was a home for the Norman nobility, and then a royal hunting forest with highly-valued fishing rights for Scottish Kings. Tentsmuir is prone to flooding in winter due to the front line of dunes blocking drainage to the sea. It provides a natural refuge for a wide range of plants, as well as resident and migrating birds, and other animals, including outstanding populations of butterflies and moths. Consequently, this led to the creation in 1954 of a National Nature Reserve at the north-eastern end of the Tentsmuir Peninsula. Initially, an active period of coastal accretion more than trebled the size of the reserve. Now, however, Tentsmuir is eroding in places. The probability of rising sea levels and increasing exposure to storms may cause a level of destruction such that the physical existence and biological future of Tentsmuir cannot be guaranteed. This book is an attempt to record how even within a limited geographical area, such as this peninsula on the east coast of Scotland, plant and animal communities are constantly reacting to environmental change. Frequently, it is difficult to decide whether or not these changes should be resisted, encouraged, or ignored. Examples are provided of instances where human intervention to counteract change has resulted in negative as well as positive consequences for biodiversity.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• Chapter One. Tentsmuir in prehistory
• Chapter Two. Tentsmuir in history
• Chapter Three. Sand and water
• Chapter Four. Tentsmuir's dunes -a changing landscape
• Chapter Five. Tentsmuir's wetlands
• Chapter Six. Land, people and resources
• Chapter Seven. Tentsmuir's thriving birds
• Chapter Eight. Tentsmuir's declining birds
• Chapter Nine. Tentsmuir's mammals butterflies and moths
• Chapter Ten. Saving the Wilderness
• References.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Tentsmuir has been a scene of human activity for over 10,000 years. It witnessed one of the earliest known occurrences in Scotland of Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and has supported human activities throughout the Neolithic and Iron Age. In medieval times it was a home for the Norman nobility, and then a royal hunting forest with highly-valued fishing rights for Scottish Kings. Tentsmuir is prone to flooding in winter due to the front line of dunes blocking drainage to the sea. It provides a natural refuge for a wide range of plants, as well as resident and migrating birds, and other animals, including outstanding populations of butterflies and moths. Consequently, this led to the creation in 1954 of a National Nature Reserve at the north-eastern end of the Tentsmuir Peninsula. Initially, an active period of coastal accretion more than trebled the size of the reserve. Now, however, Tentsmuir is eroding in places. The probability of rising sea levels and increasing exposure to storms may cause a level of destruction such that the physical existence and biological future of Tentsmuir cannot be guaranteed. This book is an attempt to record how even within a limited geographical area, such as this peninsula on the east coast of Scotland, plant and animal communities are constantly reacting to environmental change. Frequently, it is difficult to decide whether or not these changes should be resisted, encouraged, or ignored. Examples are provided of instances where human intervention to counteract change has resulted in negative as well as positive consequences for biodiversity.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Arctic climate history
• 2. The Holocene at high latitudes
• 3. Human arrival in the Arctic
• 4. Tundra diversity
• 5. Taiga and bog
• 6. Arctic survival in mammals and birds
• 7. Plant survival in cold habitats
• 8. Demography and reproduction
• 9. Evolution in the Arctic
• 10. Disturbance, pollution, conservation, and the future.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The Arctic Tundra and adjacent Boreal Forest or Taiga support the most cold-adapted flora and fauna on Earth. The evolutionary capacity of both plants and animals to adapt to these thermally limiting conditions has always attracted biological investigation and is a central theme of this book. How the polar biota will adapt to a warmer world is creating significant and renewed interest in this habitat. The Arctic has always been subject to climatic fluctuation and the polar biota has successfully adapted to these changes throughout its evolutionary history. Whether or not climatic warming will allow the Boreal Forest to advance onto the treeless Tundra is one of the most tantalizing questions that can be asked today in relation to terrestrial polar biology. Tundra-Taiga Biology provides a circum-polar perspective of adaptation to low temperatures and short growing seasons, together with a history of climatic variation as it has affected the evolution of terrestrial life in the Tundra and the adjacent forested Taiga. It will appeal to researchers new to the field and to the many students, professional ecologists and conservation practitioners requiring a concise but authoritative overview of the biome. Its accessibility also makes it suitable for undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in tundra, taiga, and arctic ecology.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Arctic climate history
• 2. The Holocene at high latitudes
• 3. Human arrival in the Arctic
• 4. Tundra diversity
• 5. Taiga and bog
• 6. Arctic survival in mammals and birds
• 7. Plant survival in cold habitats
• 8. Demography and reproduction
• 9. Evolution in the Arctic
• 10. Disturbance, pollution, conservation, and the future.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The Arctic Tundra and adjacent Boreal Forest or Taiga support the most cold-adapted flora and fauna on Earth. The evolutionary capacity of both plants and animals to adapt to these thermally limiting conditions has always attracted biological investigation and is a central theme of this book. How the polar biota will adapt to a warmer world is creating significant and renewed interest in this habitat. The Arctic has always been subject to climatic fluctuation and the polar biota has successfully adapted to these changes throughout its evolutionary history. Whether or not climatic warming will allow the Boreal Forest to advance onto the treeless Tundra is one of the most tantalizing questions that can be asked today in relation to terrestrial polar biology. Tundra-Taiga Biology provides a circum-polar perspective of adaptation to low temperatures and short growing seasons, together with a history of climatic variation as it has affected the evolution of terrestrial life in the Tundra and the adjacent forested Taiga. It will appeal to researchers new to the field and to the many students, professional ecologists and conservation practitioners requiring a concise but authoritative overview of the biome. Its accessibility also makes it suitable for undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in tundra, taiga, and arctic ecology.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Recognizing margins
• 2. Biodiversity in marginal areas
• 3. Resource acquisition in marginal habitats
• 4. Reproduction at the periphery
• 5. Arctic and sub-Arctic treelines and the tundra taiga interface
• 6. Plant survival in a warmer Arctic
• 7. Land-plants at coastal margins
• 8. Survival at the water's edge
• 9. Woody plants at the margin
• 10. Plants at high altitudes
• 11. Man at the margins
• 12. Summary and conclusions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Margins are by their very nature environmentally unstable - does it therefore follow that plant populations adapted for life in such areas will prove to be pre-adapted to withstand the changes that may be brought about by a warmer world? Biogeography, demography, reproductive biology, physiology and genetics all provide cogent explanations as to why limits occur where they do, and the purpose of this book is to bring together these different avenues of enquiry. Crawford's numerous beautiful illustrations of plants in their natural habitats remind us that the environment remains essential to our understanding of plants and their function. This book is suited to students, researchers and anyone with an interest in the impact of climate change on our world.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Recognizing margins
• 2. Biodiversity in marginal areas
• 3. Resource acquisition in marginal habitats
• 4. Reproduction at the periphery
• 5. Arctic and sub-Arctic treelines and the tundra taiga interface
• 6. Plant survival in a warmer Arctic
• 7. Land-plants at coastal margins
• 8. Survival at the water's edge
• 9. Woody plants at the margin
• 10. Plants at high altitudes
• 11. Man at the margins
• 12. Summary and conclusions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Margins are by their very nature environmentally unstable - does it therefore follow that plant populations adapted for life in such areas will prove to be pre-adapted to withstand the changes that may be brought about by a warmer world? Biogeography, demography, reproductive biology, physiology and genetics all provide cogent explanations as to why limits occur where they do, and the purpose of this book is to bring together these different avenues of enquiry. Crawford's numerous beautiful illustrations of plants in their natural habitats remind us that the environment remains essential to our understanding of plants and their function. This book is suited to students, researchers and anyone with an interest in the impact of climate change on our world.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• pt. 1. The nature of marginal areas
• pt. 2. Plant function in marginal areas
• pt. 3. Marginal habitats - selected case histories.

• Investigating survival
• limits to plant distributions
• plant survival in the Arctic
• polar and altitudinal limits to tree survival
• the anaerobic retreat
• survival in coastal habitats
• survival on the forest floor
• drought survival
• surviving predation
• surviving pollution.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Aimed at advanced undergraduates and professionals in the fields of plant ecology, plant physiology and biogeography, this book is based on a framework of ecological case histories starting with the Arctic and moving progressively south. Most major European and North American plant communities are discussed from physiological, biochemical and genetic viewpoints in an attempt to determine the nature of ecological limits to plant survival.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part I: Aquatic plants
• The aquatic environment
• Photosynthesis under water
• Growth, development and dispersal in aquatic plants
• Part II: Amphibious plants and flooding tolerance
• Oxygen stress in seeds and seedlings
• Root physiology under oxygen stress
• Whole plant responses to oxygen stress.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The physiological ecology of amphibious and intertidal plants was the subject of a special symposium held by the British Ecological Society in March, 1985. This was the first time that this particular aspect of plant life had been the subject of a symposium and it brought together eminent specialists from all over the world, many of whom have contributed to this volume. 'Amphibious' is not a word usually associated with plants, yet there are many species of higher plants that have to adjust suddenly from dry-land to an aquatic existence. The problems encountered by both crops and natural flora under soil flood or tidal flood conditions formed the discussion of this international meeting, organized by the Department of Plant Biology and Ecology of the University of St Andrews, Fife. This special publication of the British Ecological Society was produced as a tribute to D. H. N. Spence.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part I: Arctic Communities, Past, Present and Future. Part II: Arctic Communities Under Stress. Part III: Heavy Metal Pollution. Part IV: Anthropogenic Disturbance. Part V: Oil Extraction and Ecosystem Disturbance. Part VI: Ecosystem Recovery at High Latitudes.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Disturbance is no new feature in the Arctic environment. The factors that create the Arctic habitat include marked climatic oscillations, physical disturbance and fluctuations in herbivore populations. The combination of environmental stress and disturbance due to habitat instability and the possibility of periods of intense grazing impose a particularly testing blend of adverse conditions for plant survival. The physical nature of the terrain, with constant soil movement through cryoperturbation and solifluction contributes to the fragility of Arctic habitats. To this scenario must be added disturbance by man, in the quest for natural resources or merely as a result of tourism. The Arctic landscape is undoubtedly one that is frequently repaired by natural succession, but whether or not this built-in resilience is adequate to restore degraded ecosystems after human intervention is an unanswered problem that forms the subject matter of this volume.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)