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The Bill of Rights is an extraordinary collection of original documents, carefully introduced and put into context by historian John Patrick, that traces the origins of the Bill of Rights back to England's Magna Carta and its legal traditions through to present day controversies over freedomsof speech, religion, bearing arms, assembling, and more. Examples of challenges to the Bill of Rights include:* The Sedition Act of 1798, which made it illegal to express criticism of the U.S. government * The internment of Japanese Americans during World War II * George W. Bush's Executive Order of November 13, 2001, expanding the government's authority against individuals when terrorism is suspected.

• To the people of the State of North Carolina, by a citizen of North Carolina (James Iredell)- To the people of the District of Edenton, by a citizen and soldier (unidentified).

A solid grasp of civics will benefit most people, among them law students and people who work in the legal profession, in government, or in businesses affected by law and government. This book covers The Rule of Law. The U.S. Constitution and other types of laws. The powers and functions of the U.S. government's branches. This book contains an annotated copy of the U.S. Constitution and Declaration of Independence.

• Introduction
• Flaws in the Articles of Confederation
• Economic turmoil in the states and the road to Philadelphia
• The Constitutional Convention
• Slavery and the Constitutional Convention
• Critics of the Constitution : the Antifederalists
• The ratifying contest
• The Bill of Rights
• Conclusion.

Most Americans revere their Constitution yet know relatively little about its origins. Indeed, until now, nobody has written a comprehensive history of the Constitution's making. Based on prodigious research and told largely through participants' voices, Michael J. Klarman's The Framers' Coup: The Making of the United States Constitution fills that void. Klarman's narrative features colorful characters and riveting stories, such as the rebellion by debtor farmers in Massachusetts that contributed enormously to the Constitution's creation, George Washington's agonized deliberations over whether to attend the Philadelphia convention, Patrick Henry's demagogic efforts to defeat ratification in Virginia, and the political machinations of Alexander Hamilton and John Jay at the New York ratifying convention that produced an improbable victory for ratification. Three principal themes characterize Klarman's narrative. The first is contingency. The Philadelphia convention almost did not take place; once assembled, it nearly failed; and the Constitution it produced almost went unratified. Second, the Constitution was more a product of ordinary political struggle than of disinterested political philosophizing. Creditors and debtors, city dwellers and backcountry farmers, northerners and southerners-all had competing interests and fought for them with the weapons of ordinary politics, such as the disparaging of adversaries' motives, character assassination, and even threats of violence. Finally, the Framers wrote a Constitution very different from what most Americans anticipated or wanted. Many of its features were designed to insulate the national government from populist political influence. Why was the Philadelphia convention so unrepresentative of national opinion, and how did the Framers convince ordinary Americans to approve a scheme that drastically reduced their political influence? For anyone interested in a comprehensive, lively, and provocative account of the making of the American Constitution, this is the ideal volume.
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• Introduction / Karen Orren and John W. Compton
• A lighter touch : American constitutional principles in comparative perspective / Gary Jeffrey Jacobsohn
• Due process : a unified understanding / Donald A. Dripps
• Civil liberties and the dual legacy of the founding / John W. Compton
• Political representation and the US Constitution / Andrew Rehfeld
• Equality / Ken I. Kersch
• Overcoming sovereign immunity : causes of action for enforcing the Constitution / Ann Woolhandler and Michael G. Collins
• Federalism / Barry Cushman
• Separation of powers / Mark A. Graber
• Executive power and national security power / Andrew Kent and Julian Davis Mortenson
• The Constitution and the administrative state / Edward L. Rubin
• Constitutional judgment / Howard Schweber
• Suits against officeholders / James E. Pfander
• Habeas corpus / Amanda L. Tyler
• The Supreme Court, the Constitution, and American public policy / John I. Hanley and Gordon Silverstein
• The Constitution, the law and social change : mapping pathways of influence / Tomiko Brown-Nagin
• Balancing privacy and national security : a rule of lenity for national security surveillance law / Orin S. Kerr.

This Companion provides a broad, historically informed introduction to the study of the US constitutional system. In place of the usual laundry lists of cases, doctrines, and theories, it presents a picture of the constitutional system in action, with separate sections devoted to constitutional principles, organizational structures, and the various legal and extra-legal 'actions' through which litigators and average citizens have attempted to bring about constitutional change. Finally, the volume covers a number of subjects that are rarely discussed in works aimed at a general audience, but which are critical to ensuring that constitutional rights are honored in the day-to-day lives of citizens. These include standing and causes of action, suits against officeholders, and the inner workings of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC). This Companion places present-day constitutional controversies in historical context, and offers insights from a range of disciplines, including history, political science, and law.
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• Preface Introduction:The American Constitution and American Constitutional History 1.English Origins of American Constitutionalism 2.Colonial Origins of American Constitutionalism 3.The American Revolution 4.Establishing New State and Federal Constitutions 5.Constitutional Issues in the Early Republic 6.Judicial Review, Nationalism, and State Sovereignty 7.Andrew Jackson, Democracy, and "State Rights" 8.Slavery and the Constitution 9.The Constitution and the Civil War 10.Reconstruction and the Constitution 11.The Industrial State, Victorian Moralism, Laissez-Faire Constitutionalism, and State Rights 12.The Progressive Era 13.Liberal versus Conservative Constitutionalism in the 1920s 14.The New Deal and the Constitution 15.Liberal Constitutionalism 16.Liberal Constitutionalism and Equality 17.Curbing Presidential Power 18.The Revival of Conservative Constitutionalism 19.The Supreme Court and Conservative Constitutionalism 20.The Erosion of Constitutional Comity 21.The Conservative Court, the Constitution and Judicial Supremacy 22.Presidentialism and the Security State 23.Constitution Wars Appendix A Articles of Confederation Appendix B Constitution of the United States Appendix C Justices of the United States Supreme Court Appendix D Tables of Cases Index.
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This concise, accessible text provides students with a history of American constitutional development in the context of political, economic, and social change. Constitutional historian Michael Benedict stresses the role that the American people have played over time in defining the powers of government and the rights of individuals and minorities. He covers important trends and events in U.S. constitutional history, encompassing key Supreme Court and lower-court cases. The volume begins by discussing the English and colonial origins of American constitutionalism. Following an analysis of the American Revolution's meaning to constitutional history, the text traces the Constitution's evolution from the Early Republic to the present day. This third edition is updated to include the election of 2000, the Tea Party and the rise of popular constitutionalism, and the rise of judicial supremacy as seen in cases such as Citizens United, the Affordable Care Act, and gay marriage.
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• Introduction: Reimagining the creation of the American Constitution
• The uncertainty of written constitutionalism
• Language and power
• The unfinished Constitution
• The sacred text
• The rules of the Constitution
• The "people's" Constitution
• The apotheosis of the fixed Constitution
• Epilogue: The endurance of fixity.

A stunning revision of our founding document's evolving history that forces us to confront anew the question that animated the founders so long ago: What is our Constitution? Americans widely believe that the United States Constitution was created when it was drafted in 1787 and ratified in 1788. But in a shrewd rereading of the Founding era, Jonathan Gienapp upends this long-held assumption, recovering the unknown story of American constitutional creation in the decade after its adoption-a story with explosive implications for current debates over constitutional originalism and interpretation. When the Constitution first appeared, it was shrouded in uncertainty. Not only was its meaning unclear, but so too was its essential nature. Was the American Constitution a written text, or something else? Was it a legal text? Was it finished or unfinished? What rules would guide its interpretation? Who would adjudicate competing readings? As political leaders put the Constitution to work, none of these questions had answers. Through vigorous debates they confronted the document's uncertainty, and-over time-how these leaders imagined the Constitution radically changed. They had begun trying to fix, or resolve, an imperfect document, but they ended up fixing, or cementing, a very particular notion of the Constitution as a distinctively textual and historical artifact circumscribed in space and time. This means that some of the Constitution's most definitive characteristics, ones which are often treated as innate, were only added later and were thus contingent and optional.
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• Preface
• The revolutionary Constitution
• Federalism
• Balance of powers
• Property
• Representation
• Equality
• Rights
• Security
• Epilogue: The future Constitution.

The U.S. Constitution: A Very Short Introduction explores the major themes of American constitutional history-federalism, the balance of powers, property, representation, equality, rights, and security. Informed by the latest scholarship, each theme illustrates how the Constitution has served as a dynamic framework for legitimating power and advancing liberty.
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• Prologue: Dinner at Mrs. Dailey's boarding house
• The revolutionary republics, the confederation, and their laws
• The Constitutional Convention meets
• Drafting the preamble
• Ratification and the first federal administration, 1787-1801
• The Preamble in the crisis times, 1801-1865
• Legacies of the Preamble
• Epilogue: "Our posterity".

• Structure and preamble "We the people. . ."
• Three branches of government
• Limitations on state sovereignty
• Ratification, amending, and national supremacy
• Amendments
• Conclusion.

The Constitution is not so simple that it explains itself-nor so complex that only experts can understand it. In this accessible, nonpartisan quick reference, historian Andrew Arnold provides concise explanations of the Constitution's meaning and history, offering little-known facts and anecdotes about every article and all twenty-seven amendments. This handy guide won't tell you what the Constitution ought to say, nor what it ought to mean. It will tell you what the Constitution says and what it has meant. A Pocket Guide to the US Constitution presents a straightforward way to understand the American Constitutional system. Without wading through lengthy legal prose, heavy historical analysis, or polemical diatribes, you can easily find out what the emoluments clause means, learn about gerrymandering and separation of powers, or read a brief background on why slaves in colonial America were considered 3/5 of a person. Small enough to put in your pocket, backpack, or briefcase, A Pocket Guide to the US Constitution can be used to comprehend current events, dig deeper into court cases, or sort out your own opinions on constitutional issues.
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• A tradição democrática
• Em torno da Declaração de Independência
• Breve história da constituição
• O discurso de Gettysburg
• O hino nacional
• Constituição dos Estados Unidos da América