• * Contents * Acknowledgments * List of Abbreviations * List of Figures and Tables *1 Unpacking the World Food Economy *2 The Rise of a Global Industrial Food Market *3 Agricultural Trade Rules Liberalization *4 Transnational Corporations *5 Financialization of Food *6 Can the World Food Economy Be Transformed? * Notes and references * Selected Readings * Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

We all need food to survive, and forty percent of the world's population relies on agriculture for their livelihood. Yet control over food is concentrated in relatively few hands. Turmoil in the world food economy over the past decade - including the food price crisis, intensification of land grabs, and clashes over rules governing global food trade - has highlighted both the volatility and vulnerability inherent in the way we currently organize this vital sector. At the same time, contrasting extremes of both undernourishment and overnourishment affect a significant proportion of humanity. There is also growing awareness of the serious ecological consequences that stem from industrial models of agriculture that are increasingly spreading worldwide. The revised and updated second edition of this popular book aims to contribute to a fuller understanding of the forces that influence and shape the current global food system. In it, Jennifer Clapp explores how the rise of industrial agriculture, corporate control, inequitable agricultural trade rules, and the financialization of food have each enabled powerful actors to gain fundamental influence on the practices that dominate the world food economy. A variety of movements have emerged that are making important progress in establishing alternative food systems but, as Clapp's penetrating analysis ably shows, significant challenges remain.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Acknowledgments page viii List of Abbreviations x List of Figures and Tables xiii
• 1 Unpacking the World Food Economy 1
• 2 The Rise of a Global Industrial Food Market 24
• 3 Uneven Agricultural Trade Rules 57
• 4 Transnational Corporations 90
• 5 Financialization of Food 125
• 6 Can the World Food Economy Be Transformed? 158 Notes 184 Selected Readings 203 Index 210.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Food is one of the most basic resources that humans need for daily survival. Forty percent of the world's population gains a livelihood from agriculture and we all consume food. Yet control over this fundamental resource is concentrated in relatively few hands. The 2008 food price crisis illustrated both the volatility and vulnerability built into the current global food system; at the height of the crisis, the number of hungry people on the planet climbed to over 1 billion. At the same time, there are serious ecological consequences that stem from an increasingly industrial model of agriculture that has spread worldwide. This book aims to contribute to a fuller understanding of the forces that influence and shape the current global food system. Author Jennifer Clapp explores how corporate control, inequitable international agricultural trade rules, and the financialization of farm commodities have each had a fundamental influence on the practices that dominate today's global food system. By contrast, farmers and consumers, particularly in the developing world, have had little voice to change the rules of the game. But movements are emerging to challenge the dominant global system. The extent to which these alternative movements can displace it, however, remains to be seen.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
This book offers an incisive and highly readable introduction to the key forces which shape and control the international politics of food. The impact of corporate power, international agricultural trade rules and the financialization of farm commodities are explored alongside new movements which are challenging the dominant global food system.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Food Aid Politics: The Old and the New
• 2. Past and Present Food Assistance Trends
• 3. Donor Policies on the Question of Tying
• 4. U.S. Debates on Tied Food Aid
• 5. The GMO Controversy
• 6. Food Aid at the WTO
• 7. The 2007-2008 Food Crisis and the Global Governance of Food Aid
• 8. Conclusion: Prospects for the Future of Food Aid PoliticsReferences Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Food aid has become a contentious issue in recent decades, with sharp disagreements over genetically modified crops, agricultural subsidies, and ways of guaranteeing food security in the face of successive global food crises. In Hunger in the Balance, Jennifer Clapp provides a timely and comprehensive account of the contemporary politics of food aid, explaining the origins and outcomes of recent clashes between donor nations-and between donors and recipients.She identifies fundamental disputes between donors over "tied" food aid, which requires that food be sourced in the donor country, versus "untied" aid, which provides cash to purchase food closer to the source of hunger. These debates have been especially intense between the major food aid donors, particularly the European Union and the United States. Similarly, the EU's rejection of GMO agricultural imports has raised concerns among recipients about accepting GMO foodstuffs from the United States. For the several hundred million people who at present have little choice but to rely on food aid for their daily survival, Clapp concludes, the consequences of these political differences are profound.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Food aid politics : the old and the new
• Past and present food assistance trends
• Donor policies on the question of tying
• U.S. debates on tied food aid
• The GMO controversy
• Food aid at the WTO
• The 2007-2008 food crisis and the global governance of food aid
• Conclusion: Prospects for the future of food aid politics.

Food aid has become a contentious issue in recent decades, with sharp disagreements over genetically modified crops, agricultural subsidies, and ways of guaranteeing food security in the face of successive global food crises. In Hunger in the Balance, Jennifer Clapp provides a timely and comprehensive account of the contemporary politics of food aid, explaining the origins and outcomes of recent clashes between donor nations-and between donors and recipients.She identifies fundamental disputes between donors over "tied" food aid, which requires that food be sourced in the donor country, versus "untied" aid, which provides cash to purchase food closer to the source of hunger. These debates have been especially intense between the major food aid donors, particularly the European Union and the United States. Similarly, the EU's rejection of GMO agricultural imports has raised concerns among recipients about accepting GMO foodstuffs from the United States. For the several hundred million people who at present have little choice but to rely on food aid for their daily survival, Clapp concludes, the consequences of these political differences are profound.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Food Aid Politics: The Old and the New
• 2. Past and Present Food Assistance Trends
• 3. Donor Policies on the Question of Tying
• 4. U.S. Debates on Tied Food Aid
• 5. The GMO Controversy
• 6. Food Aid at the WTO
• 7. The 2007-2008 Food Crisis and the Global Governance of Food Aid
• 8. Conclusion: Prospects for the Future of Food Aid PoliticsReferences Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Food aid has become a contentious issue in recent decades, with sharp disagreements over genetically modified crops, agricultural subsidies, and ways of guaranteeing food security in the face of successive global food crises. In Hunger in the Balance, Jennifer Clapp provides a timely and comprehensive account of the contemporary politics of food aid, explaining the origins and outcomes of recent clashes between donor nations-and between donors and recipients.She identifies fundamental disputes between donors over "tied" food aid, which requires that food be sourced in the donor country, versus "untied" aid, which provides cash to purchase food closer to the source of hunger. These debates have been especially intense between the major food aid donors, particularly the European Union and the United States. Similarly, the EU's rejection of GMO agricultural imports has raised concerns among recipients about accepting GMO foodstuffs from the United States. For the several hundred million people who at present have little choice but to rely on food aid for their daily survival, Clapp concludes, the consequences of these political differences are profound.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This comprehensive and accessible book fills the need for a political economy view of global environmental politics, focusing on the ways international economic processes affect environmental outcomes. It examines the main actors and forces shaping global environmental management, particularly in the developing world. Moving beyond the usual emphasis on international agreements and institutions, it strives to capture not only academic theoretical debates but also views on politics, economics, and the environment within the halls of global conferences, on the streets during antiglobalization protests, and in the boardrooms of international agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and industry associations. The book maps out an original typology of four contrasting worldviews of environmental change--those of market liberals, institutionalists, bioenvironmentalists, and social greens--and uses them as a framework to examine the links between the global political economy and ecological change. This typology provides a common language for students, instructors, and scholars to discuss the issues across the classical social science divisions.The second edition of this popular text has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect recent events, including the food crisis of 2007-2008, the financial meltdown of 2008, and the Copenhagen Climate Conference of 2009. Topics covered include the environmental implications of globalization; wealth, poverty, and consumption; global trade; transnational corporations; and multilateral and private finance.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This comprehensive and accessible book fills the need for a political economy view of global environmental politics, focusing on the ways international economic processes affect environmental outcomes. It examines the main actors and forces shaping global environmental management, particularly in the developing world. Moving beyond the usual emphasis on international agreements and institutions, it strives to capture not only academic theoretical debates but also views on politics, economics, and the environment within the halls of global conferences, on the streets during antiglobalization protests, and in the boardrooms of international agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and industry associations. The book maps out an original typology of four contrasting worldviews of environmental change--those of market liberals, institutionalists, bioenvironmentalists, and social greens--and uses them as a framework to examine the links between the global political economy and ecological change. This typology provides a common language for students, instructors, and scholars to discuss the issues across the classical social science divisions.The second edition of this popular text has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect recent events, including the food crisis of 2007-2008, the financial meltdown of 2008, and the Copenhagen Climate Conference of 2009. Topics covered include the environmental implications of globalization; wealth, poverty, and consumption; global trade; transnational corporations; and multilateral and private finance.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Peril or prosperity? : mapping worldviews of global environmental change
• 2. The ecological consequences of globalization
• 3. The globalization of environmentalism
• 4. Economic growth in a world of wealth and poverty
• 5. Global trade and the environment
• 6. Global investment and the environment
• 7. Global financing and the environment
• 8. Paths to a green world? : four visions for a healthy global environment.

This comprehensive and accessible text fills the need for a political economy view of global environmental politics, focusing on the ways key economic processes affect environmental outcomes. It examines the main actors and forces shaping global environmental management, particularly in the developing world. Moving beyond the usual academic emphasis on international agreements and institutions, it strives to integrate debates within the real world of global policy and the academic world of theory.The book maps out an original typology of four contrasting worldviews of environmental change -- those of market liberals, institutionalists, bioenvironmentalists, and social greens -- and uses these as a framework to examine the links between the global political economy and ecological change. This typology not only helps students understand and participate in debates about these worldviews but also provides a common language for students and instructors to discuss the issues across the social sciences. The book covers globalization and its consequences for the environment; the evolution of global discourse and global environmental governance; wealth, poverty, and consumption; the impact on the environment of global trade and trade agreements; transnational corporations and differential environmental standards; and the environmental effects of international financing, including multilateral lending and aid and bilateral and private finance. Brief, illustrative case studies appear throughout the text.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This comprehensive and accessible text fills the need for a political economy view of global environmental politics, focusing on the ways key economic processes affect environmental outcomes. It examines the main actors and forces shaping global environmental management, particularly in the developing world. Moving beyond the usual academic emphasis on international agreements and institutions, it strives to integrate debates within the real world of global policy and the academic world of theory.The book maps out an original typology of four contrasting worldviews of environmental change -- those of market liberals, institutionalists, bioenvironmentalists, and social greens -- and uses these as a framework to examine the links between the global political economy and ecological change. This typology not only helps students understand and participate in debates about these worldviews but also provides a common language for students and instructors to discuss the issues across the social sciences. The book covers globalization and its consequences for the environment; the evolution of global discourse and global environmental governance; wealth, poverty, and consumption; the impact on the environment of global trade and trade agreements; transnational corporations and differential environmental standards; and the environmental effects of international financing, including multilateral lending and aid and bilateral and private finance. Brief, illustrative case studies appear throughout the text.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface List of Abbreviations and Acronyms List of Tables Map of Guinea Introduction Africa, Agriculture and the World Bank Guinea's Agricultural Sector in Historical Perspective The Politics of Reform Implementation Agricultural Performance and Farmer Decision-Making Trade and Marketing of Agricultural Products The Bank's Agricultural Project and Policy Strategy The World Bank and Africa's Future Prospects Bibliography Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

With the adoption of a World Bank-sponsored structural adjustment programme in the mid-1980s, Guinea underwent a dramatic change in its economic and agricultural policies. The country's experience over the past decade illustrates some of the most pressing problems encountered by African countries pursuing economic reform. This book analyses these difficulties by examining the adjustment experience in Guinea as it affected the country's overall political economy and the agricultural sector in particular. It also places this case within the broader context of African adjustment.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Foreword: Poverty, Inequality and the United Nations System Louise Frechette. Introduction. Governing Global Poverty and Inequality Rorden Wilkinson and Jennifer Clapp
• Part 1: Development and the Governance of Poverty and Inequality
• 1. Global Governance Meets Development: A Brief History of an Innovation in World Politics Eric Helleiner
• 2. What Type of Global Governance Would Best Lower World Poverty and Inequality? Albert Berry
• Part 2: Bretton Woods and the Amelioration of Poverty and Inequality
• 3. IMF Rhetoric on Reducing Poverty and Inequality Bessma Momani
• 4. The Effect of IMF Programs on Public Wages and Salaries Irfan Nooruddin and James Raymond Vreeland
• 5. Reforming the World Bank Catherine Weaver
• Part 3: Promising Poverty Reduction, Governing Indebtedness
• 6. Governing Global Poverty? Global Ambivalence and the Millennium Development Goals David Hulme
• 7. The Paris Club, Debt and Poverty Reduction: Evolving Patterns of Governance Thomas M. Callaghy
• Part 4: Complex Multilateralism, Public/Private Partnerships and Global Business 8.Commonwealth(s) and Poverty/Inequality: Contributions to Global Governance/Development Timothy M. Shaw 9.The Global Elite, Public-Private Partnerships and Multilateral Governance Benedicte Bull 10.Business, Development and Inequality Ananya Mukherjee Reed
• Part 5: Horizontal Inequalities and Faith Institutions
• 11. Global Aspects and Implications of Horizontal Inequalities (HIs): Inequalities Experienced by Muslims Worldwide Frances Stewart
• 12. Governance and Inequality: Reflections on Faith Dimensions Katherine Marshall.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

A series of crises unfolded in the latter part of the first decade of the 21st Century which combined to exacerbate already profound conditions of global economic inequality and poverty in the world's poorest countries. In 2007, the unsound lending practices that caused a collapse in the US housing market ushered in a broader economic crisis that reverberated throughout the global financial system. This economic shockwave had a global impact, triggering not just instability in other industrialized countries, but also in their developing world counterparts, also highlighting deficiencies in the current structures of global governance to protect the world's poorest and most disadvantaged. This book offers answers to questions raised about the role of global governance in the attenuation and amelioration of world poverty and inequality. The contributors interrogate the role of systems of governance at a time of global economic crisis and continuing environmental degradation against a backdrop of acceleration in inequalities within and between communities and across the globe. Evaluating how existing systems can be reformed or redesigned to be more effective at addressing issues of poverty and inequality and providing a comprehensive discussion of a wide range of global governance initiatives this work will be essential reading for students and scholars of global governance, international relations and international organizations.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Experts examine the ways transnational corporations exercise power over governance of the global food system and the implications this has for sustainability In today's globally integrated food system, events in one part of the world can have multiple and wide-ranging effects, as has been shown by the recent and rapid global rise in food prices. Transnational corporations (TNCs) have been central to the development of this global food system, dominating production, international trade, processing, distribution, and retail sectors. Moreover, these global corporations play a key role in the establishment of rules and regulations by which they themselves are governed. This book examines how TNCs exercise power over global food and agriculture governance and what the consequences are for the sustainability of the global food system. The book defines three aspects of this corporate power: instrumental power, or direct influence; structural power, or the broader influence corporations have over setting agendas and rules; and discursive, or communicative and persuasive, power. The book begins by examining the nature of corporate power in cases ranging from "green" food certification in Southeast Asia and corporate influence on U.S. food aid policy to governance in the seed industry and international food safety standards. Chapters examine such issues as promotion of corporate-defined "environmental sustainability" and "food security, " biotechnology firms and intellectual property rights, and consumer resistance to GMOs and other cases of contestation in agrobiology. In a final chapter, the editors raise the crucial question of how to achieve participation, transparency, and accountability in food governance. Contributors Maarten Arentsen, Jennifer Clapp, Robert Falkner, Doris Fuchs, Agni Kalfagianni, Peter Newell, Steffanie Scott, Susan Sell, Elizabeth Smythe, Peter Vandergeest, Marc Williams, Mary Young.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Agrifood corporations, global governance, and sustainability: a framework for analysis / Jennifer Clapp, Doris Fuchs
• Retail power, private standards, and sustainability in the global food system / Doris Fuchs, Agni Kalfagianni, Maarten Arentsen
• Certification standards and the governance of green foods in Southeast Asia / Steffanie Scott, Peter Vandergeest, Mary Young
• In whose interests? Transparency and accountability in the global governance of food: agribusiness, the Codex Alimentarius, and the World Trade Organization / Elizabeth Smythe
• Corporate interests in US food aid policy: global implications of resistance to reform / Jennifer Clapp
• Feeding the world? Transnational corporations and the promotion of genetically modified food / Marc Williams
• Corporations, seeds, and intellectual property rights governance / Susan K. Sell
• The troubled birth of the "biotech century": global corporate power and its limits / Robert Falkner
• Technology, food, power: governing GMOs in Argentina / Peter Newell
• Corporate power and global agrifood governance: lessons learned / Doris Fuchs, Jennifer Clapp.

Experts examine the ways transnational corporations exercise power over governance of the global food system and the implications this has for sustainability.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
Experts examine the ways transnational corporations exercise power over governance of the global food system and the implications this has for sustainability In today's globally integrated food system, events in one part of the world can have multiple and wide-ranging effects, as has been shown by the recent and rapid global rise in food prices. Transnational corporations (TNCs) have been central to the development of this global food system, dominating production, international trade, processing, distribution, and retail sectors. Moreover, these global corporations play a key role in the establishment of rules and regulations by which they themselves are governed. This book examines how TNCs exercise power over global food and agriculture governance and what the consequences are for the sustainability of the global food system. The book defines three aspects of this corporate power: instrumental power, or direct influence; structural power, or the broader influence corporations have over setting agendas and rules; and discursive, or communicative and persuasive, power. The book begins by examining the nature of corporate power in cases ranging from "green" food certification in Southeast Asia and corporate influence on U.S. food aid policy to governance in the seed industry and international food safety standards. Chapters examine such issues as promotion of corporate-defined "environmental sustainability" and "food security, " biotechnology firms and intellectual property rights, and consumer resistance to GMOs and other cases of contestation in agrobiology. In a final chapter, the editors raise the crucial question of how to achieve participation, transparency, and accountability in food governance. Contributors Maarten Arentsen, Jennifer Clapp, Robert Falkner, Doris Fuchs, Agni Kalfagianni, Peter Newell, Steffanie Scott, Susan Sell, Elizabeth Smythe, Peter Vandergeest, Marc Williams, Mary Young.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Table of Contents for The Global Food Crisis: Governance Challenges and Opportunities , edited by Jennifer Clapp and Marc J. Cohen List of Acronyms and Abbreviations Introduction
• 1. The Food Crisis and Global Governance
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The global food crisis is a stark reminder of the fragility of the global food system. The Global Food Crisis: Governance Challenges and Opportunities captures the debate about how to go forward and examines the implications of the crisis for food security in the world's poorest countries, both for the global environment and for the global rules and institutions that govern food and agriculture. In this volume, policy-makers and scholars assess the causes and consequences of the most recent food price volatility and examine the associated governance challenges and opportunities, including short-term emergency responses, the ecological dimensions of the crisis, and the longer-term goal of building sustainable global food systems. The recommendations include vastly increasing public investment in small-farm agriculture; reforming global food aid and food research institutions; establishing fairer international agricultural trade rules; promoting sustainable agricultural methods; placing agriculture higher on the post-Kyoto climate change agenda; revamping biofuel policies; and enhancing international agricultural policy-making. Co-published with the Centre for International Governance Innovation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Table of Contents for The Global Food Crisis: Governance Challenges and Opportunities , edited by Jennifer Clapp and Marc J. Cohen List of Acronyms and Abbreviations Introduction
• 1. The Food Crisis and Global Governance
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The global food crisis is a stark reminder of the fragility of the global food system. The Global Food Crisis: Governance Challenges and Opportunities captures the debate about how to go forward and examines the implications of the crisis for food security in the worlds poorest countries, both for the global environment and for the global rules and institutions that govern food and agriculture. In this volume, policy-makers and scholars assess the causes and consequences of the most recent food price volatility and examine the associated governance challenges and opportunities, including short-term emergency responses, the ecological dimensions of the crisis, and the longer-term goal of building sustainable global food systems. The recommendations include vastly increasing public investment in small-farm agriculture; reforming global food aid and food research institutions; establishing fairer international agricultural trade rules; promoting sustainable agricultural methods; placing agriculture higher on the post-Kyoto climate change agenda; revamping biofuel policies; and enhancing international agricultural policy-making. Co-published with the Centre for International Governance Innovation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)