emotional quotient, reciprocation accountability, sustainability governance., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The purpose of this research is to determine the application of reciprocation accountability which is accompanied by emotional quotient to be able to realize sustainable governance. This research is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. The results of this study showed that the existence of accountability at Wong Solo Restaurant is very appreciated by the leadership and the subordinates. The existing form of accountability is horizontally and vertically. In improving the accountability of reciprocation accountability leadership in carrying out its responsibilities need to have high emotional intelligence. The form of sustainability is same with good governance, transparency and accountability.

mental well-being, preparatory class, education, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The aim of this research is to investigate the mental well-being levels of individuals who are educated in university preparatory classes according to different variables. In the research, a descriptive screening model has been used. The study group consists of male and female participants in preparatory classes at Kyrgyzstan Turkey Manas University in the 2019-2020 academic year. To evaluate the Mental Well-Being level, "Personal Information Form" prepared by the researcher and the data of the research, "Mental Well-Being Scale", a scale -original name being "Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale" -developed by Tennant and his fellows (2007) adapted to Turkish by Keldal (2015) was used. Independent Samples T Test for frequency distributions, normality analyses and binary group comparisons, and one way ANOVA test for more than two group comparisons were conducted to provide descriptive information about the participants. As a result, there has been no significant difference in the answers given to questions such as gender, age and division variables, number of close friends, who help you the most when you encounter a problem, which sport branch you are engaged in, who encouraged you to exercise, how long you spend on your daily workouts, and specify some of your reasons to exercise. However, it has been determined that there is a meaningful difference in the answers given to the question of how long you have been playing this sport.

cultural rituals, daily activities, food consumption, myth, shamans., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This study aims to analyze the pregnant women myths in the Malay community of Dumai City, Indonesia. The qualitative research: Phenomenology Study. The total informants were 11 participants (Pregnant women, shaman, midwife, and Primary Health Care Heads). Data collection through in-depth interviews and non-participant observation. Data analysis uses content analysis. The results showed that three things were during pregnancy, namely: cultural tradition in pregnant, food consumption, and activities. That even for pregnant women in “Lenggang Perut” (seven months pregnant ceremony). Use porcupines, scissors, and needles in the body to avoid the devil. Cannot consume sugar water from “Tebu” (a kind of sweet plant), pineapple, and “Tape” (food from cassava fermentation) because it will cause bleeding or abortion. Prohibited activities, bathing at night, sitting in front of the door, for early gestation may not leave their homes and still visit shamans. Until now, this myth is still practiced by pregnant women in the Malay community, although there is no empirical research that proves the real impact of the myth.

young people, covid-19, pandemic, perception, transparency, authorities, measures, decision making, public administration, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Transparency is generally defined by political scientists as the principle of allowing the public to obtain information about the operations and structures of a given entity (Etzioni, 2014). Transparency symbolizes a mechanism for promoting good governance and public confidence in a modern and democratic public administration (Jashari and Pepaj, 2018). The theory of open public administration gives the individual a greater role in the adoption of the executive regulations and greater transparency in the operations of the public administration (Bugaric, 2004). A fully transparent administration, either at central level or at local level, involves informing and participating citizens in the decision-making process, becoming an indispensable principle of the rule of law. On the other hand, democratic citizenship involves obtaining information about the problems that affect you and working with others to influence how society will solve those problems (Portelli and Solomon, 2001). The objectives of the study are: (1) Identification of the degree of knowledge of the concept of decision-making transparency in public administration; (2) Analysis of the perception regarding the degree of decision-making transparency and communication of the local and central public administrations in the context of the crisis generated by the Covid-19 pandemic; (3) Analysis of the degree of confidence the crisis management generated by the new Coronavirus by public institutions. The questionnaire, which included 10 items, was applied, on a sample consisting of 200 students and graduates of the Faculty of Law and Administrative Sciences - “Ovidius” University of Constanța (Romania, European Union). The period of application of the questionnaire was April 4-10, 2020. Of these, 80.77% are female, and 19.23% are male, with an average age of 27.5 years. Most of the respondents (56.41%) are undergraduate students, and the remaining 43.59% are study participants are graduates or masters of the same Faculty. At the same time, 71.79% of the study participants come from urban areas, and 28.21% from rural areas.

public trust, e-government, government websites, social media, digital payment, service delivery, bangladesh, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Globally, public trust in their government has gradually been declining. It is acknowledged that public trust is the sine qua non of good governance. With the advent of the internet, the influence of ICT on society and the dependence of government on ICTs have grown far beyond our expectations. Moreover, electronic governance and trust foster each others: electronic governance promotes trust, and vice-versa. Other ways, the promotion of electronic government can be a way to increase the citizen trust in government and improve citizen evaluations of government. Simultaneously, many government institutions in both developed and developing countries have entered the digital highway and introduced e-service delivery to the citizens. However, there exists a question of trust in e-governance across the globe as the question of the trust in governance is yet to be solved. This paper intends to illustrate the impacts of online services and initiatives that play imperative role in building public trust in government. It is obvious that there is a significant relationship between public trust and use of ICT based service delivery. The study shows that e-government initiatives can enhance public trust by improving interactions and responsiveness and encouraging participatory mechanisms. Therefore, the government of Bangladesh introduced numerous apparatus/avenues of e-services ranging from education and public utilities to law enforcement. Despite positive impacts, building trust in e-governance has also created special challenges within shifting governance contexts.

achievement, language exposure, subject familiarity, narrative essay, esl instruction, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Narrative writing is often an option in English composition examination, especially in WAEC/NECO conducted English language Paper 1. Performance in essay writing has been found to determine the overall success in English language. Efforts to improve students’ performance in the subject have largely focused on instructional strategies without much attention to process-based variables such as language exposure and subject familiarity that can influence learning outcomes in ESL classrooms. Despite the contributions of these studies to pedagogical practices in ESL classroom, students’ achievement in English composition has not improved significantly. However, process-related variables such as quality and volume of exposure to the target language and subject familiarity have been found to predict learning outcomes in a second/foreign language classroom. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between language exposure and subject familiarity on achievement in narrative essay. The study tested three null hypotheses and a total of 350 participants were randomly selected from four senior secondary schools in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Nigeria. Data was collected using two research instruments and the results showed a positive non-significant relationship between the independent variables and students’ achievement in narrative essay. Also, there were no composite and relative contributions of language exposure and subject familiarity to students’ achievement in expository essay.

transformational leadership, basic psychological needs., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Transformational leadership theory is an essential topic in management research. This style of leadership requires a leader's ability to identify and observe the psychological needs and values of followers, as well as to stimulate work motivation. Transformational leadership is characterized by four groups of factors: individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation and charisma or idealized influence. The role of a transformational leader is motivational in nature. Within the theory of self-determination, the authors emphasize the importance of the basic psychological need for relatedness with others, the feeling of personal competence and autonomy in performing a given behavior. Recent research has shown that perceived transformational leadership contributes to meeting the basic psychological needs of employees. Satisfying each of these needs directly impacts positive outcomes and achievement of organizational goals. The most commonly reported positive outcomes include trust of employees in the organization, positive feedback from managers, belief in one’s own ability to contribute to the organization, recognizing opportunities for progress, feeling of security, job satisfaction and a high level of enthusiasm for work. Transformational leadership facilitates the adoption of common motivational principles in the organization, empowers managers and gains the support of followers in their efforts to build a strong and stable organizational culture.

soe, albania, guerrillas, david smiley, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

After Mussolini entered World War II on the side of Hitler, the British sent a colonel into Albania in April 1941 to help the resistance, but he was soon captured. It would not be until April 16, 1943, that two more SOE officers, Lt. Col. Neil McLean and Captain David Smiley, parachuted into northern Greece and crossed the border. Others would follow, including a former lieutenant in the Spanish Foreign Legion, Peter Kemp; Himalayan explorer Bill Tillman; and Reginald Hibbert, whose view of events in Albania in the years to come would put him bitterly at odds with his fellow SOE officers. SOE operations were hampered by woeful British ignorance about Albania. London had only a lower-level diplomatic presence there before the Italian occupation, and the main source of information had been an elderly Englishwoman who had lived there for 20 years. This paper told the story of SOE operations in Albania.

disciplinary labour liablity, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The essential role of the disciplinary sanctions is similar to that of the criminal sanctions and consists in the future prevention of facts that could affect the labor relations, which result from the individual employment contract concluded between the employer and the employee according to the law. In the current labor law, the legislator left within the employer the power to sanction the employee in the situation in which he violates the discipline of work, but this possibility is not a non-binding one, but one in strict compliance with the legislation in force. For the correct application of the disciplinary sanctions, that is to say, without prejudice to the rights of the employee, no disciplinary sanction, except the written warning, can be disposed of before carrying out the preliminary disciplinary investigation. Once the employee's guilt has been ascertained and after carrying out the preliminary investigation in accordance with the imposed procedures, the employer is able to establish the disciplinary sanction taking into account the following legal criteria, such as the circumstances in which the act was committed, the degree of the employee's guilt and, not in last, the general behavior at work. The disciplinary sanction, in general, in order to be implemented by the employer, must be outlined by means of a written one, respectively by a sanctioning decision that is communicated to the employee so that he is aware its provisions, and in certain cases it can challenge an eventual abusive behavior of the employer. Through this administrative instrument there are clearly described the deviations of the employee from the labor norms.

assessment planning, implementation of assessment, processing of assessment results, utilization of assessment., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The purpose of this study was to determine the understanding and implementation of the knowledge assessment carried out by teachers at the elementary school level starting from planning, implementing, processing results, utilizing results and identifying problems in implementing knowledge assessment. This study used a qualitative approach. Research took place in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Province. The research subjects were public and private elementary school teachers who had taught in classes applying Curriculum 2013. The research instruments consisted of questionnaires and FGD (focus group discussion) guidelines. The results showed that on the assessment planning, teachers lack understanding in the formulation of instrument outlines, especially in describing the Basic Competency into the question indicators, making questions about the aspects of knowledge based on the indicator, and making scoring guidelines. In the implementation of the assessment, some teachers did not understand the use of various assessment techniques for knowledge aspect. The frequency of carrying out daily knowledge assessments varies, including for every KD (basic competency), every day, for every sub-theme, for several sub-themes, and for every theme. In assessment result processing, some elementary school teachers still lack understanding about processing and reporting in knowledge assessment whether in the form of numeric scores, predicates, and descriptions. In the utilization of the assessment, all elementary school teachers in Sleman Regency have applied the assessment of learning function as each daily assessment result is used by the teacher to review student achievement in each KD. In the aspect of assessment for learning, some teachers have made use of assessments for remedial activities and lesson enrichment and to evaluate the learning process. Lastly, regarding the use of assessment as learning, some teachers have provided results of student assessment and used it to provide guidance and advice to students.

rhetorical devices, political speech, list constructions, contrastive pairs, metaphors, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Nigel Farage’s speeches and rhetoric have been instrumental and effective in the British voters’ decision to withdraw from the European Union. This paper aims to study rhetorical devices in the speeches of Nigel Farage at the European Parliament: list constructions, contrastive pairs etc. Having identified and classified the rhetorical devices, I proceed to perform a frequency analysis with the purpose of determining the number of times each device occurs. Thus the research questions are: (a) what rhetorical devices permeate the speeches? and (b) what is their frequency of occurrence? In order to achieve these objectives, I have studied twenty speeches Farage delivered at the European Parliament during the period from 2010 to 2017. I examine rhetorical devices that were previously treated as nonessential in Farage’s speeches (cf. Hädicke 2012) and I present arguments against the claim that the three-part list is the most common strategy in political speeches.

dynamic capabilities, firm size, sustainable performance, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This study sought to investigate the effect of dynamic capabilities on the performance of selected manufacturing firms in Kenya. It also aimed at examining the moderating effect of firm size on the effect of dynamic capabilities on the performance of manufacturing firms. The study utilized both the descriptive and explanatory research design which was cross-sectional survey in nature. The study population comprised of all the 70 food manufacturing listed in the Kenya Association of Manufacturer’s directory. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect primary data from 190 respondents. Multiple regression analysis was used to establish the nature and magnitude of the relationships between the independent and dependent variables. The findings indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between dynamic capabilities and performance of food manufacturing firms in Kenya. Firm size was found not to have significant relationship with firm and does not moderate the relationship between dynamic capabilities and performance. The findings supported the theoretical foundation of the dynamic capabilities theory that a firm performance and sustainable competitive advantage depends on its ability to reacting rapidly and flexibly to changing market environments. The study recommends that policy makers should link performance of food manufacturing firms with national goals and in this regard, include acquisition of dynamic capabilities by food manufacturing firms in their policy interventions aimed at increasing food security.

internalization, history of the spice track, archipelago, spices, historical awareness, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The archipelago (now Indonesia) in the past was known as the center of the spice commodity, which was needed for various purposes by other nations, such as: China, India, the Middle East, and Europe. This has caused the archipelago to become a destination for traders from other countries for thousands of years, thus creating a trade route called the Spice Route. The glory of the Spice Route in the Archipelago reached its peak in 1500 until 1650, but then collapsed after being ruled by European nations. Nevertheless, the existence of the history of the Spice Track needs to be internalized to students as one of the nation's branding and nation pride of the Indonesian people. The problems are: (1) What is the strategy of internalizing the teaching of the Spice Path to students? (2) What are the efforts made by the government, to support efforts to internalize the historical awareness of the Spice Track? The aim is to instill awareness to the younger generation about the glory of the Indonesian people in the past as a producer of spices. The results showed that the strategy undertaken by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia to internalize the history of the Spice Track to the younger generation was through: exhibitions, historical visits, and discussions / seminars. However, the internalization effort has not been evenly carried out in all provinces, districts and cities. To that end, internalization of the history of the Spice Route can also be done through museum visits, especially provincial state museums located in provincial capitals. Awareness about the history of the Spice Route can also be used to break the efforts of the Chinese government to promote the Maritime Silk Road for their political trade interests.

flopping economy, survival strategies, teachers, school, livelihood, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Currently, teachers’ salaries in Zimbabwe are insufficient to sustain the harsh economic situation yet teachers seem to be meeting their monthly livelihood demands. A study to explore different survival strategies engaged by teachers under this current flopping economy was conducted in the Gweru urban. A total of 55 participants were randomly selected from five different schools. Questionnaires and in-depth interviews were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and Chi-Square test for association (SPSS version 21) were used to analyse the data. Findings revealed that teachers have adopted 15 survival strategies to augment their meagre salaries. Over 50% of the teachers indicated that borrowing money from banks/microfinance institutions, conducting extra lessons, poultry production, cross border trading, part-time teaching at private schools, production of horticultural produce and selling of goods (maputi “dried corn”, sweets, peanut butter, snacks etc...) were pillars to their survival in this collapsing economy. Gender influenced the adoption of cross border trading (χ2 = 4.558; p

cement holding, labour, board of directors, welfare, state-owned enterprises (soe), pt semen indonesia (persero) tbk, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This research aims due to disclose many phenomena that against with leadership’s theories. There are wide gap between capacities and capabilities of board of directors (BOD) and or board of commissioners (BOC) in terms understanding labour’s right and obligations. Lack of these understandings have triggered conflicts and disputes and drive to the mass demonstrations in the country. The methodology presented is event case study and mixed of quantitative and qualitative to build scientific research arguments. It found that violating labour’s welfares have proven occurred in the State-owned cement holding of PT Semen Indonesia since 2012 and therefore requiring academic advocating supports worldwide. These phenomenon are quite significant due to generally social behaviour in Indonesia, when none have risen consents and or delivered critics then the conditions are becoming normal, common, and legal. The most important is labour’s right and or labour’s welfare must be defended according destiny of human being and in accordance with regulations applied.

influence, parents, adolescents, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

transformational leadership, organizational culture, work commitments, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of transformational leadership, organizational culture on work commitments in junior high schools throughout South Jakarta. The study was conducted on work commitments to the study population 84 and sample selection 69 employees of the Education Office of North Bengkulu. This research uses a quantitative approach with a path analysis method. The results showed that: (1) transformational leadership had a direct positive effect on work commitment, (2) organizational culture had a direct positive effect on work commitment, (3) transformational leadership had a direct positive effect on organizational culture. Based on the results of research to improve teacher work commitments that need to be improved is Transformational leadership, organizational culture.

buddhist bronze sculpture, mount abu, metal casting, superimposed stories, archaeology, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Rohida police station recovered an old sculpture, accidentally discovered from the cemetery of Bharja/Bhaja village. It is a broken bronze Buddhist Idol and very rare sculpture. It has exquisite Antique beauty with rust in red and corrosion in green. Sculpture of Buddha seated in Padma Asana (lotus posture) and his hand in Dhyan Mudra (meditation posture). Buddha is wearing the robe; the robe is decorated with the scene of Buddhacharita story, superimposed on the visible crust. This Sirohi district has the history of Jainism and Hinduism only, till the date there is no evidence regarding Buddhism practices in Sirohi district of Rajasthan. Sirohi is famous from its silk route in the valley, ancient Chandrawati city and Mount Abu, where thousands of temples of Jainism and Shivanism were built. Objective: what were the technique and technology used to manufacture sculpture? Where this artefact came from? What are the main characteristics & features of this sculpture? What carving scene depicted in this sculpture? Research analysis: For analysis of this sculpture we carefully look sculpture and magnify scene to compare with the stories of Buddhacharita. Moreover, check out that this sculpture is indigenous work of ancestral craftsmen or not. Also compare superimposed stories of Buddha and his life. Scientific method: Buddha sculpture is hollow in nature but very heavy in weight; Craftsman used the lost wax method to manufacture it. In ancient time the science behind manufacturing sculpture is very time consuming, first sculptors need to imagine about the subject, draft and then mould through melting, condensing, chiselling, hammering and exquisite carving. One of the oldest methods of metal casting according to Archaeo-metallurgy is bee wax method; this technique is now termed as the lost wax method. Conclusion: In the end, we like to conclude that in the history of Sirohi exploration, first time unearths the Buddhist sculpture but we have certain doubts that it mustn’t belong to Sirohi district. This idol is required for further critical research like dating and detailed mould-casting technique used in the manufacturing of this sculpture.

autoethnography, teacher identity, reflective practice, community of practice, social constructivism, continuing professional development, narratives, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The autoethnographic study aims to explore the teacher researcher’s dilemmas about the practices of English language teaching in the public school context in Turkey and the reasons behind them. Narratives were used to depict the experiences which led to the dilemmas; the researcher’s journey of learning, lived experiences and interactions in the community of practice. The narratives, which portrayed the emergence of dilemmas, were analysed through reflections on them. The reflections were also supported by the other mixed methods studies, theoretical and regulatory documents. The results demonstrate that the dilemmas arise from the gap between the theory and practices of English language teaching in the public school context in Turkey. The study is situated in the interpretivist paradigm of research and holistic-content analysis was used as a technique of narrative analysis. Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory of learning, Wenger’s community of practice, Dewey’s reflective practice, and Miller’s teacher identity concepts establish the theoretical framework of the study.

effects of covid-19, malaysia, pandemic, self-interest and opportunism, social behaviour, social dilemma, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The health crisis of the COVID-19 outbreak has global impacts on humanity and the economy. Such pandemic effects are believed to have influenced human behaviour; issues of panic buying (overbuying) and noncompliance among individuals are shown evident. However, the underlying understanding on such behaviours due to the pandemic remains unclear. Therefore, this perspective paper adopts the social dilemma theory and microeconomics concepts to analyse and explain the effects of COVID-19 on social behavioural reactions. It attempts to address the questions of what and why are the behaviours of individuals shown during the coronavirus pandemic and showcase how the theory is associated with current social phenomena. Real scenarios based on media reporting from the sociodemographic context of Malaysia, concerning the following issues; (i) competition over daily essentials; (ii) self-honesty of individuals; and (iii) adherence to government policies and measures enforcement (governance) were discussed. A conceptual framework was developed to illustrate interrelationships between social dilemma concepts and the phenomena. In essence, due to fear, uncertainty and greed, selfinterest and opportunistic (defective/unethical) behaviours of most individuals prevailing over societal collective interest amid the pandemic have been prevalently observed in the above instances, although a cooperative choice can eventually result in a better outcome for everyone. Not only do these non-cooperative behaviours of individuals create inconveniences, dissatisfactions and other forms of negative externalities, they also incentivise others to act selfishly, if no restrictions are imposed, that may eventually cause government interventions failures. This paper demonstrates the relevancy of the social dilemmas theory in better understanding fundamental human behavioural reactions amid the health crisis and the importance of incorporating the findings into government policymaking. These sociopsychological considerations help the government formulate holistic measures, namely stringent sanctions and monitoring enforcement, as well as incentivising cooperative and compliant behaviours of the public, which then contribute to curbing the COVID-19 pandemic more effectively.

employee motivation, job satisfaction, public sector, logistic regression, erbil, iraq, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Motivation is a general term that refers to the needs, demands, desires, or individual’s internal forces. The main objective of this study is to investigate the factors affecting job satisfaction and motivation of employees in the public sector in Erbil- Iraq. To achieve this purpose, the researcher was required to get the questionnaire filled from employees working at different organizations. Data were obtained from randomly 250 employees working at different organizations and the questionnaire was distributed in 2019. A questionnaire was designed and used to record information based on a 3-point Liker scale. Descriptive statistics and Binary Logistic regression by using SPSS program analysis used. The results indicated that some factors such as "education", "job status", "training and development", "justice" and "job security" have an impact on motivating employees.

-environment, maintenance, recreation, facilities, usage and park, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Assessment of Environmental and Recreation Facility Maintenance was carried out in Kainji Lake National Park. Questionnaire method of data collection was employed to collect the data needed. Purposive and simple random techniques were adopted to sample respondents in the study area. One hundred questionnaires were designed and administered. The data collected were analyzed through simple percentage and presented in table and charts. However, the results showed that recreation facilities are 99% present, while swimming pool is 65% functional. The study showed that visitors came there three times in a week indicating 44% of the respondents while on maintenance of the park environment and the facilities indicated 94% and 88% of the respondents respectively. The study further recommended the followings facilities basketball pitch. Hockey game, volley ball and well-constructed swimming pool.

information technology, organizational culture, performance, service quality, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Purpose: This study aims to investigate and develop a model of empirical research on Information Technology, Organizational Culture and Personnel’s Performance to Service Quality by proposing Personnel’s Performance as a mediating variable. Design/methodology/approach:The study was conducted by surveying 100 police officers and 100 community Personnel at the join operation office between Police with Local Government of Bandung city (“Samsat”), and the data were analyzed by structural equation model, using Smart PLS. Finding: The paper finds that all hypotheses are accepted and the result of the study proves that personnel’s performance with indicators; effectiveness and efficiency, authority and responsibility, discipline, initiative, acts as an intervening variable on the influence of Information Technology and Organizational Culture toward Service Quality. Research limitations/implications: Future research should be conducted to examine the influence of all personnel performance of Indonesian Police in all join operation office between police with local government in order obtained more varied result. Besides the variables should be developed to examine the influence factors of Service quality such as; management knowledge and others. Practical implications: The proposed of information technology and organizational culture with the high loading factors which are related to increase Personnel’s Performance may help in increasing Service Quality. Both indicators could be increased together in order Personnel’s Performance be increased and impacted to service quality. Originality/value: The value of this paper as the strengthen is the model empirical research that redesign of Personnel’s Performance as mediate variables with more indicators that has high loading factor and significant value, so the Personnel’s Performance may act as mediate variable between exogenous with endogenous variable.

the corresponding aurther is the second one, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has caused the entire world at standstill affecting all the sectors of economies in the whole world. In order to reduce the spread of the cases and the mortality rate of this pandemics many economies have implemented a lot of social distancing measurers with the aim of separating people direct and indirect contacts as the Virus can be transferred through physical contact and is also an airborne, these isolations measures have proved to be effective in many countries. One of the most measures that the developed and developing economies are using is partial or full lockdown, despite being effective way of reducing the impact of the Virus, lockdown measures has also its own cost that the economies are to bier especially when it’s a total or full countrywide lockdown which policy makers must look into too. The approaches of lockdowns and attitudes of people towards lockdowns has been seen differencing in many countries depending on the political system of the government which is in that jurisdiction economic status of the country. This perspective recommends that Countries like Malawi and any other when implementing these lockdowns measures the authorities should consider the political system, costs and other the measures to carter for helping the people like proving stimulus package in order to have a successfully and effective lockdown which is highly recommended to be an effective way of combating the Virus.

stress, psycho-biophysical modeling, negative feedback, fear, death, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The human organism is a biophysical system. Stress represents a normal reaction of the organism which appears as a response to an aggression situation which requires an unusual and quick adaptation effort from the organism. Stress is a state of putting in alert, of mobilizing the forces of the organism in the occasion of an event which requires, in order to be kept under control, a big amount of energy in a very short time. This alert state or action preparation translated through physical and psychological manifestations. In higher-level living organisms the following forms of regulation are known: biological, nervous, hormonal, humoral and immune regulation. In the case of humans, psychic regulation also appears due to the existence of psychic activity. We study only two forms of the stress: fear and death. We present different biophysical modeling aspects. The stress in the human organism is a pertur­bation. This perturbation is regulates by negative feedback.

brexit, asean, integration, sovereignty, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Over the last few decades, ASEAN is considered as a copycat of the system of the European Union (EU). ASEAN is considered weaker, lacks strong support from its members, has less substantive achievements, and is nothing more than competition between ASEAN member countries, where the EU has gone further in its implementation. This assessment has recently been canceled. The EU is currently faced with a list of daunting challenges - the ongoing debt crisis in Greece, increasing criticism by right-wing political groups over the European Union's fundamental agreement on freedom of movement within the EU. The refugee crisis and the growing movement of secession from member states - Britain and Spain are the most prominent examples. Of course, the EU now faces its most significant and most existent challenge, political vortex and divisions with the launch of a referendum in Britain, which resulted in 'Brexit.' This paper tries to analyze how Brexit phenomenon is suspected to occur in ASEAN due to the principle of regionalism, clashes with the sovereignty of each member country. The method used is descriptive analysis with a literature review. Based on research, Brexit in the EU has a context and substance of regionalism that is different from the conditions that exist in ASEAN. Nevertheless, Brexit is an early warning for ASEAN, which has heterogeneous regionalism. Furthermore, ASEAN is pushing for centrality and strengthening ASEAN integration in responding to the turmoil and political change taking place in the Southeast Asian region.

intrinsic motivation, school community, school climate, reading achievement, structural equation modeling, multigroup structural equation modeling, structural equivalence, measurement equivalence, mediation analysis, moderation analysis., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The association between school climate and students’ achievement is currently well-documented in international literature. However, the relevant studies, that contemplate the underlying mechanisms of this association, are sparse. Therefore, the present study’s purpose is to confirm the mediating effects of intrinsic motivation and reading self-concept in the association of school climate and reading achievement. Further, due to the amassing evidence of gender-related individual differences in academic achievement, this study also examines whether the underlying mechanisms toward academic achievement are varying as a function of gender. The data of N=6,403 Greek adolescent students were extracted from the Program of International Student Assessment (PISA) for further analyses. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to examine both mediating and moderating effects. The results indicate that there is a positive indirect effect of school climate on reading achievement via intrinsic motivation and self-concept. Additionally, structural equivalence via multigroup SEM (MGSEM) showed that gender does not moderate the structural regressive relations; that is, the regression coefficients did not vary as a function of gender. These findings are discussed within the framework of improving educational practices.

budget, kua-ppas, human resources capacity, budget planning, political budgeting and public transparency, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This study aims to determine the effect of human resources capacity, budget planning, political budgeting, and public transparency on the synchronization between Regional Revenues and expenditures budget (APBD) document and General Policy of Regional Revenues and Expenditures Budget (KUA) and Provisional Budget Ceiling Priority (PPAS) document. The population in this study was councilors and officer/staff involved in the preparation of the Work Plan Budget (RKA) SKPD includes 33 SKPD. The sampling method used census method, where all the population became the samples is 127 peoples. The data in this study using primary data. The data obtained were analyzed through multiple linear regression tests. Hypotheses simultaneously and partially tested by F test and t test. Results of this study showed that simultaneous variable capacity of human resources, budget planning, political budgeting, and public transparency has a positive and significant impact on the synchronization between APBD documents and KUA-PPAS documents. In partial, the capacity of human resources, budget planning, political budgeting, and public transparency has appositive and significant impact on the synchronization between APBD documents and KUA-PPAS documents. The implications of this research can be useful as a conceptual contribution to policy makers, especially in West Lombok Regency Government and Parliament, in which they should be more consistent and have a high commitment dealing with budgeting and KUA-PPAS.

consumption, travel, consumer's behavior, marketing, tourism., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The purpose of this study is to identify the main factors influencing consumer’s behavior while travelling to Ukraine. The object of the study was the sample of people who are consumers of touristic services in Ukraine. The main hypothesis of the study was that consumer’s behavior depends on variety of factors in Ukraine, including but not limited to military conflict or terrorism. To improve the knowledge about various factors impact on consumer’s behavior the factor analysis was used, joined by a method of a principal components analysis in SPSS. Using the SPSS the main factors were determined.

economy participation, tourism development and promotion, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This study focuses on socio economic significance of women participation in tourism development and promotion in Bussa. Sampling techniques that were used in this research work include cluster and random sampling methods. New Bussa community was divided into four areas. Hundred questionnaires were administered to the study areas to get the data needed; The data collected was subjected to statistically computation using descriptive analysis such as table, and simple percentage. The results highlighted some types of leisure they engage in and whether their works disturb them. 65% of the respondents agreed that they participate in leisure activities followed by those that chose at times represent 30%. On the activities they engaged in 50% of the respondents have indoor as their leisure engagement while 31.6% of the respondents engage in Outdoor activities. On whether their jobs affect leisure activities 61.6% of the respondents were of the opinion that work does not disturb them. While on whether women help in community when they arrived, 63.3% of the respondents supported yes option while 31.6% of the respondents supported fairly. On the issue of women employment in the community 81.6% of the Respondents agreed that women are being given employment while the results also indicate the social significance of women participation in leisured based on the case of social enlightenment of women, 90% of the respondents agreed that it socializes them while 1.6% said they were not sure. On the issue of well-being 90% of the respondents agreed that participation of women bring their well-being while 3.3% claimed they were not agree and 1.6% said it is fairly. Challenges It shows that women are having challenges in leisure and tourism participation the respondents agreed that they could not be involved in tourism because of financial challenges, 85% and religious activities, 68.3% while 13.3% of the respondents claimed that it used to be sometimes while 1.6% of the respondents claimed that the traveling is not encouraging That the women participation should be adequately funded both with the public and private sectors to boost the economic and social life of Bussa people. However the results recommend that if tourism is to be promoted and to be internationally recognized the issue of women must not be left out in all ramifications.

good governance, post-conflict reconstruction, yemen, transitional economies., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The war in Yemen, which escalated in March 2015 when a Saudi-led coalition intervened, with comprehensive blockade and air campaign has turned a poor country into a humanitarian catastrophe. The impacts of the conflict in Yemen are devastating—with nearly a quarter of a million people killed directly by fighting and indirectly through lack of access to food, health services, and infrastructure. The economy has collapsed, and fighting has ravaged the country’s infrastructure. The reconstruction and recovery of Yemen will demand rebuilding the economy, restoring state institutions and infrastructure and repairing the social fabric. Good governance plays a key role in rebuilding Yemen as a post-conflict state. The task is thus to build transparent, efficient and participative governance structures that can help to stabilise the volatile transformation of post-conflict society. This paper intends to clarify how good governance can be promoted in Yemen as conflict / post-conflict country and which role the political and administrative system could play in this context. This paper is based on a literature review of the main theories and issues involved in post-conflict reconstruction, coupled with an analysis of relevant case studies and good practices from different countries. The main recommendations most urgently needed are; establishing safety and security, strengthening constitutional government, reconstructing infrastructure and restoring services, stabilizing and growing the economy, and strengthening justice and reconciliation organizations.

welfare, advocacy, educational advocacy, advocacy leadership, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Every school needs an advocate leader who can influence others to address issues, concerns, and problems that affect education, its quality, access, and the welfare of the stakeholders, especially that of the learners. This leader needs to subscribe to the redefined roles and nature of leadership. Advocacy leadership challenges educational leaders to take a progressive stance on pressing educational issues and problems. The next in line leaders need to awaken in themselves a specific advocacy and tune-in to this new trend. With this, a qualitative inquiry explored the educational advocacies of twenty graduate students involved in focus group discussions and interviews. Using the thematic network as an analytical framework, the inquiry identified 46 keywords, 51 basic themes, and 6 organizing themes. Thus, a new thematic network of educational advocacies was generated. Learners’ welfare was the most dominant educational advocacy of graduate students, while leadership and governance, professional development, culture and religion, safety and environmental protection, and community development were considered as developing and noteworthy advocacies. These educational advocacies were deemed interconnected and interdependent to each other. Also, the study comes up with relevant propositions, while it makes recommendations for further research and utilization of the new framework. The results have implications for revisiting the educational administration curriculum by mapping out the subjects that contribute to the development of educational advocacy.

maritime education, oceanographic and meteorological factors, environment, shipping, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The marine environment is a complex environment that includes both the water and the area of ​​air moving through the vessel. Depending on its mode of expression, its status parameter value, it produces direct effects, favorable and unfavorable, on navigation. Modern Meteorology and Oceanography operating methods and procedures for obtaining data for education, necessary for determining regularities that lead to phenomena and processes which occur in interdependent layers, in the marine environment and the atmosphere above the ocean (waves, storms, rain, currents, the impact on the safety of life, activities and maritime navigation challenges - in terms of visibility, stability, and immovability of the ship

ogpu, komintern, hotel lux, department iv, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

On March 27th, 1933 a British MI5 officer Oswald Allen Harker received a report on the inter+relation of the Comintern, GPU and Department IV of the Staff of the Red Army. The source of this report was a Jewish communist. Another report received by Harker, on the same day, was the OGPU method of investigation. He informed his superiors that the source of this document was the first-hand source. This article presents these documents because they are relevant to the level of knowledge of MI5 about Russian Espionage and subversive activity at that moment.

swachhta mission, cleanliness awareness, personal hygiene, menstrual cycles, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The cleanliness drive most popularly known as “Swacch Bharat Mission” started by Prime Minister Narendra Modi from 2nd October, 2014 to 2nd October, 2019 as a tribute to Mahatma Gandhi on his 150th Anniversary lays its foundation from Gandhi’s effort to eradicate the Untouchability and humiliation of Indians on account of their unhygienic lifestyle and poor sanitation habits. Receiving a negative feedback from white Europeans about Indians lifestyle, he observed, analyzed and accepted the views received by European’s, instead of defending them. Mahatma Gandhi motivated Indians to self-groom themselves to become capable to compete with white European’s, instead of fighting for Independence. Modi took over the drive in order to complete the incomplete task planned and furnished by Mahatma Gandhi. This drive is supported not only by each Indian citizen, but also by each educational institute, academic institutes, research institutes and many more. As a part of this program we also conducted a cleanliness drive in Daddu Majra colony, Chandigarh. The program begun while delivering talks to group of people of the colony highlighting the significance of cleanliness in day-today life of an individual as well as community. The role of community and collective effort of people in maintaining clean environment while practicing appropriate sanitation and hygienic conditions was discussed. The community was well motivated and inspired to work collectively for up liftment of their village area while maintaining proper surroundings, cleaning them regularly to prevent themselves from harmful diseases such as malaria and dengue. A special session was also conducted for Women in order to guide them to ensure proper disposal of their wastes during menstrual cycles and taking care of other hygienic practices during their periods. People were also motivated to spread awareness in their nearby developing villages and other rural areas and encouraging people to use proper toilets during disposal of their wastes. A well supportive behavior was shown by the community indicating the interest of community in amending their lifestyles by practicing appropriate hygienic practices.

law, labor, occupational health safety, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This study aims to examine the legal history and the concretization of the value of Pancasila as a legal basis in protecting the occupational safety and health of workers in Indonesia. The research method used in this study is a type of normative research using the Statute Approach. The analysis technique in this study was carried out in a descriptive way to describe the legal conditions and protection of workers in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the birth of labor law in Indonesia is based on a long history of labor suffering due to slavery, forced cultivation, slavery to forced labor, not vice versa because employers corporations are persecuted by the treatment of workers and employers. National labor law, specifically the Work Safety Health Act, must be able to position workers as independent legal subjects, not arbitrarily controlled by other legal subjects, be treated humanely in accordance with their dignity and status, and obtain justice as a weak party. In addition, to avoid discrimination, it must show the principle of unity in work relations, between employers and workers in corporations, or broader unity in industrial relations, namely between employers' organizations, labor organizations, and government

to extension methodology, phenomenology, hermeneutics, and criticism, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This study aims to study on the research methodology. The methodology of social science can be divided into quantitative research and qualitative research. However, the dichotomous logic of research methodology is not enough to understand social phenomena and methodological researchers have not been able to broaden academic horizons so far. Therefore, this study aims to expand the horizon of the methodology and contribute to the academic and social consensus. The researchers sought to extend the methodology. This study was compared. The process of describing behavior change by applying phenomenology, hermeneutics, and criticism is the changes in behavior of policy decision makers.

organizational development, interaction person-technology, personal meanings in the organization, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The present work discusses the importance of the interaction between human beings and technology in the organization. Technology is frequently analyzed at the organizational level from two perspectives. For the Administration, the technology is relevant because it is evident that its use increases production. For Sociology, technology is assumed as a factor that modifies the structure and implies changes in power’s formal distribution. This paper exposes the perspective of organizational development provided with an inherent understanding of the human deeper dimensions. If technology is gaze at as an extension of the capabilities of human beings, then the analysis of the organization is improved with a better understanding of how people interact with technology. Whether technology is seen by people as an enhancer of their own faculties, a competitor who displaces them from their tasks, an active collaborator to achieve objectives, or the achiever of what is simply out of reach of the action of the human being; the study of organizational development need to take account of the interaction between people and technology. The people manifest several degrees of appropriation or rejection of technologies into the organization. Beyond what it is technology, a person attributes it meanings. For the members of an organization, sometimes technology represent a form of dehumanization, although in others it signifies a profound expression of their human dimension. This research is an exploration of these nuances in the organization.

merchant marine officer, economic and financial curricula, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The education and training of the future commercial naval officers has reached a high quality international level, recognized both by the beneficiaries and by the bodies of evaluation of the activity of the institutions of higher education of the navy. The training of the commercial naval officers involves knowledge and skills in the technical field and in other complementary fields. The current challenges related to safety, security and economic efficiency lead to the consolidation of the level of education and training of commercial naval officers, through the interdependence and diversification of the curricula in the world economy of shipping, finance of the maritime industry and the specialized labour market.

effects, perception, attitude, coronavirus, covid-19, romania, health, population, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The 2019–2020 coronavirus pandemic, also known as Covid-19, debuted on December 12, 2019 in downtown Wuhan, China, when a group of people with pneumonia of unknown cause appeared, was mainly linked by the owners of stalls working on the Huanan fish market, who also sold live animals. The virus presents evidence of person-to-person transmission, and the transmission rate (infection rate) appears to have escalated by mid-January. As measures to prevent the spread of the virus, Romania has adapted a strategy to prevent and control this situation, such as: cancellation or closure of air flights, cancellation of residential meetings, closure of large stores, mandatory self – quarantine of infected persons. Thus, institutions and factories were closed, with the exception of the vital institutions, the closure of churches, educational institutions, universities, sports halls. Awareness campaigns have been launched through the media and social media, the use of disinfectant materials to clean the hands, the use of protective masks and medical gloves, the sanitizing of neighborhoods and roads with cleaning materials. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of the new Coronavirus (COVID19) on the population, both in perception and in attitude. The sample consists of 244 persons and the data obtained after the application of the questionnaire were statistically processed, obtaining the following conclusions: most of the respondents consider that the information received about Covid-19 is correct, a smaller percentage believe that the news about the new Coronavirus are exaggerated; At the same time, the respondents affirm that they will respect all the measures that the Government imposes on them: they will stay at home, they will go out only to buy the necessary products, they will wear masks, gloves, they will wash their hands often. Moreover, most respondents believe that both the country's economy and their personal economy will have to suffer greatly during this period of crisis.

national intelligence, ue states, strategists/white book,, security strategy (2006, romanian intelligence, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

National Intelligence is a priority of national security strategies and intelligence to the US security and defence or in the UE States (Strategists/White Books), by which it is proposed, for the first time, achieving an overall, systematic reforms and long term to this area for important strands of which mention: coordination, structural transformations, the formation of a new structureImprove the quality and activity of human resources reform in the intelligence research, technical development capabilities for gathering information. The dynamics of transformations is necessary to streamline the work of intelligence organizations. In Romania there is an older Security Strategy (2006) and no Intelligence strategy, which would need to be developed. Whatever the model and how to design, american or european, for turning his Romanian intelligence is important for their effectiveness by the maximum of the intelligence community and its components. All these directions and actions are required to be prepared for the strategic change in the world and intelligenceul in order to meet the new challenges of the 21st century.

leadership, organizational culture, job satisfaction, employee performance, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The purpose of the organization is to obtain maximum results and also pay attention to performance in the process of these objectives. The description of the research aims to explore the relationship between leadership and organizational culture on job satisfaction and employee performance. The independent variables of this research are leadership and organizational culture. Meanwhile, job satisfaction and performance are included in the dependent variable. This research was conducted at the Department of Transportation (Samarinda City) consisting of 83 respondents. Research is descriptive and quantitative. Data collection by questionnaire by testing the leadership and organizational culture on performance and moderated by the variable job satisfaction. Data analysis uses the Partial Least Square (PLS) technique. Empirical findings indicate that leadership and organizational culture have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Leadership and organizational culture have a positive and significant impact on performance. On one hand, the results of the study also showed that job satisfaction had a negative and not significant effect on performance. Researchers who have a focus on the variables in this study, in order to be able to use the criteria for selecting more respondents and more detailed in the future.

internationalization, sme, footwear industry, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Despite Mexican leather footwear industry is traditional, it has not increased or even maintained the level of competitiveness in the global market; the export problems of SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) have been studied by some authors but the internationalization (beyond exports and imports and including foreign direct investment, international subcontracting and international technical cooperation) has not been deeply explored so it is not documented how the process of this economic segment is occurring and if that is evolving accordingly to the theory (E.g. Uppsala model). The objective of this study is to analyze the internationalization of SMEs of the Mexican leather footwear industry to know if accumulated knowledge and experience in foreign markets effectively leads the organization to more advanced and complex stages of international exchange. A survey composed by 47 questions was applied to a sample of 21 SMEs of the Mexican leather footwear industry, their experience was also collected by semi-structured interviews. Results show that SMEs are involved in the internationalization process strongly oriented to the development of exports and imports and only a small number of them have been able to reach the stage of foreign direct investment. These results suggest that internationalization is only conceived in terms of imports and exports and efforts are carried out only to those stages even if SMEs could obtain a great benefit from the rest of the internationalization exchange (FDI, international subcontracting and technical cooperation). This behaviour might be due to some factors as: (1) the relatively low level of competitiveness of the Mexican firms in the global industry, (2) the lack of know-how and (3) the vision of the owners and managers of the company.

relationship, traits, personality, response, conflict, adolescence, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The evaluation and treatment of internalizing disorders in children and adolescents has a long and rich tradition in the psychology and clinical psychiatry of the child. However, the use of longitudinal data to elucidate the evolution and outcome of these conditions, as well as their assessment and treatment, is less developed in the embryonic development stage. However, there have been interesting developments and significant progress has been made. The emergence of the field of developmental psychopathology in the last 10 years (Achenbach, 1982, Cicchetti, 1984; Rutter & Garmezy, 1983; Sroufe & Rutter, 1984), with emphasis on the continuity and discontinuity of the behavior between the embryonic phase, childhood, adolescence, is particularly welcome and timely, providing a good concern for the future. The identification of the dimensions of the personality structure is very important during the adolescence period, because during this period the correct development of the adolescents is based on stimulating several areas in close connection with their activity. A balanced teenager chooses activities that contribute to character development, self-confidence, socializing skills, identifying passions and making decisions. Behavior disorder can be defined as persistent disruptive behavior, in which the young person repeatedly violates the rights of others or the social norms corresponding to the age. It is often preceded by opposition and defiance in the early years and may become more skewed during adolescence. Symptoms include property damage, lying or theft, harassment, breaking rules and aggression against humans or animals. Adolescents with behavioral disorders often have concomitant disorders, such as depression, suicidal behavior, and poor relationships with peers and adults. Consequences include school problems, school expulsions, academic and professional failure and problems with the law. Parents and families need support to help ensure that young people do not get away from school, and that severely affected adolescents should turn to mental health professionals for assessment and care.

papua, timor leste, diplomacy, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This research is a lesson learned from the resolution of the Timor Leste conflict which is expected to be applied in efforts to resolve the Papua problem. On 30 August 1999 through a referendum held in East Timor. The 27th province of Indonesia was finally separated from Indonesia and obtained its official status as a member of the United Nations on May 20, 2002. Learning from the settlement approach in the Timor Leste case. So the Indonesian government must have more relevant policy formulations so that the same scenario does not repeat itself in solving the Papua problem. The qualitative method is used in this research, with a case study approach. The conclusion obtained is that the Government of Indonesia is obliged to realize policies that focus on the interests of the Papuan people as well as the Indonesian government's diplomatic efforts which firmly state that the Papua problem is a domestic problem whose intervention is a violation of Indonesian law and sovereignty and to end the pressure of internationalization on Papuan cases.

facebook, reputation management, personal image, online reputation, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Controlling online content with a brand, which performs well in search and social results, is considered a major force when it comes to image analysis in the online environment. Positive reviews, press coverage and other beneficial materials are also considered useful for a brand. In addition, a strong search profile, including links from authoritative sites to positive online content, is a form of advantage. In order to investigate the interaction of Facebook users, a questionnaire was prepared which was distributed and completed by online users. The role of the questionnaire is to capture users' perception of the importance they attach to their image from the perspective of their personal Facebook profile. The objectives of the study were to identify the main reasons why Internet users use the Facebook site, the frequency with which they access the social network, the most used device for logging in and the evaluation of affirmations that confirm or disprove the use of Facebook to promote the personal image. The questionnaire was distributed on the Internet and on several Facebook groups with over 50,000 members, between June 10 and 25, 2019.

social welfare, wealth, welfare economy, welfare state, human action, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The analysis of the meaning of the social welfare is a topic of great interest for researchers, as well as for policy makers. While some researchers or economists believe that social welfare is limited to the standard of living of the society, others describe it as a material and spiritual welfare of the society and make a distinction between the social welfare of those in need of a special attention from society and general welfare of the whole society. In order to understand the true meaning of the concept of social welfare, this research focuses on an incursion into the historical past of the economic thought. The aim of the present study is to analyse the social welfare or other terms related to welfare from the perspective of the main schools of economic thought. The research reveals that the representatives of the largest schools of economic thought have not overlooked terms such as prosperity, happiness, satisfaction, usefulness, wealth, building a solid foundation to what we know today as social welfare.

time management, service goals, organization, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This study aims to identify the effect of time management on the success of service organizations, in order to proceed with the goals that follow this study and find the relationship and influence the dimensions of each of the two variables, which is the first variable time management after the researcher chose the two methods of organization and management of goals, while the second variable was service organizations Which includes organizational performance and creative leadership, as the researcher used the descriptive approach after conducting the field study

marital satisfaction, financial status, couple, conflict, couple’s duration, marital adjustment, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Humanity’s history, with its biological, psychological, social, cultural, economic and political dimensions, belongs to the coexistence of man and woman, to the relationships between them and their children. In time, family has become one of the oldest community forms, which ensures the evolution and continuity of the human species. Family influences the most the human being. Many studies made by researchers in this field, have proved the importance of the family for people, emphasizing that family is a real laboratory for the development of a person. In contemporary society, family suffered a lot of important transformations, like female empowerment for example, which, in turn, has determined many other changes in the family life. Due to these changes, the marital couple is currently more interested in satisfying its own interests and minimizes the tasks that society assigns to the family. A sample of 30 married couples, residing in Constanta County, has been assessed with Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale, Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Scale, Kansas Marital Conflict Scale and Influence of the Material Situation on the Couple Questionnaire. The main objective of the research was to identify the relationship between these factors and the duration of the marital couple. We identified significant correlation between: (1) the couple’s duration and marital satisfaction; (2) the marital satisfaction and marital adjustment; (3) the level of the financial status and marital quarrels. Results are discussed in terms of marital counseling, the increase of marital satisfaction and the development of assistance for families in need.

goal orientation, role ambiguity, turnover intention, universities, employees, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The research was conducted to examine the relationship between, role ambiguity, goal orientation and turnover intention among faculty members of private sector universities and also to find out the moderating role of goal orientation in the relationship between role ambiguity and turnover intention. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant relationship among role ambiguity, goal orientation and turnover intention. It was also hypothesized that role ambiguity would predict turnover intention among teachers of private sector universities. Another hypothesis was that goal orientation would moderate the relationship between role ambiguity and turnover intention. And last hypothesis was that there would be significant relationship among demographic variables, role ambiguity, goal orientation and turnover intention. A sample of 250 faculty members (N = 250) age 30-45 (125 Male; 50%, 125 Females; 50%) of different private sector universities of Lahore was taken. The Role Ambiguity Scale (Rizzo et al., 1970), Goal Orientation Scale (Button, Mathieu & Zajac, 1996) and the Turnover Intention Scale (Roodt, 2004) were used to measure the study variables. Correlation analysis showed that there is positive relationship between role ambiguity and goal orientation. Role ambiguity and turnover intention have negative correlation. The results also showed that there is negative relationship between goal orientation and turnover intention. Findings also revealed role ambiguity to be the most significant predictor of turnover intention. Results also reported that there were non- significant gender difference in role ambiguity, goal orientation and turnover intention. The study can be implicated for many people including psychologists, teachers, researchers, business administrators, industrial workers and employees also helpful for them as well as their family.

life expectancy, technological development, cause and effect, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The manuscript looks into the improvement of Life Expectancy and the number of invention patents filed in USA over the last two centuries. The direct proportionality between Technological advancement and Life Expectancy proves that the two indices are co­related. However, the co­relation when viewed with the lag present between Life Expectancy and Technological advancement indicates that the Technological advancement depends on the Life Expectancy and not visa versa. This notionally proves increased Life expectancy as the cause to Technological developments being made in USA.

parenting practices, behavioral problems, adolescents, parents with psychopathology, coping, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Numerous studies suggest that symptoms of mental illness in parents become reflected in family and parent–child interactions, affecting the nature and quality of caregiving and, in turn, both short- and long-term child outcomes. Given the paucity of research in this area in Pakistan, present study aims to examine differences in parenting practices and behavioral problems among adolescent children of parents with psychopathology and without psychopathology. It also explores moderating role of adolescents’ coping on the relationship between parenting practices and behavioral problems. Sample included 348 parents and their adolescent children divided into two groups: Parents with Psychopathology and without Psychopathology. Alabama Parenting Questionnaire, Youth Self Report, and Brief COPE were used for data collection. Results indicated that adolescent children having parents with psychopathology have elevated levels of behavioral problems as compared to adolescent children of parents without psychopathology. Results of moderation analyses revealed that problem-focused coping, positive coping, and religious coping mitigated the potential impact of negative parenting practices on externalizing problems whereas denial exacerbated this relationship. The implications are discussed for implementation of effective preventive interventions with at risk families and children.

emotional intelligence, human capitol, global learning, sustainable development., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Emotional intelligence in its basic sense is defined as the term representing the ability of an individual to understand his/her own emotions as well as others. 21st century is considered globally as knowledge-based society by eminent scholars, policy makers, stake holders etc, the question still remains unanswered is 1. Have we achieved 100% literacy rate globally? 2. Is there a sustainable development in global Economy? 3. Is there an Economic and Social narrow down between developed and developing nations of the world in terms of Education, Health, Industrialization? The inventions in 20th century contributed to a large extent providing material comfort to both developed and developing nations without addressing the emotional well-being of its citizens the core constituents of human capital. Therefore, the present-day global learning environment is expected to refine the emotional intelligence trait of teachers, the key players in shaping the society to a well-equipped emotionally successful global innovator.

gender power, family decision, economic growth, solow model, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The purpose of this paper is to deal with dynamic interdependence between economic growth and family-based behavior. The decision unit on consumption and saving is the family which is composed of the husband and the wife. The model endogenously determines national growth, family goods, family wealth, and gender-differentiated consumption and labor supply with fixed distribution of power between the husband and the wife. The model is based on synthesizing a few approaches in economics. The growth mechanism and economic structure are based on a generalized Solowian growth model. The household behavior is based on Zhang’s concept of disposable income and utility. The power distribution is referred to the collective approach by Basu (2006). We first develop the model and study dynamic behavior of the model. We conduct comparative dynamic analyses to demonstrate how economic growth interacts with family behavior by allowing exogenous changes in gender power distribution, gender-based preferences and human capital, and national technological changes.

perception, integration, gypsies, work, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Over the years, the gypsies have been the subject of various discussions, being cataloged as "dirty gypsies, thieves, lazy and who do not want to learn" and especially those responsible for the negative image of Romania abroad, in other words they were "the apple of discord" in the Romanian society. The "valves" were also opened after the incidents in France 2010 that generated new discussions on the problems due to the Roma, the optimal solution in solving these problems being the integration of the Roma in the society. However, the vast majority of Romanians are reluctant to integrate the gypsies into society, especially on the labor market, and this is due to the public image, most often negative, which gypsies "enjoy". We chose this theme, in the idea of supporting the integration of the Roma in the labor market, considering this step an advantage in favor of the economy of the country, since the limited access of Roma people to the labor market causes Romania to lose at least 887 million euros annually, according to a report by the World Bank. Also, we consider it is necessary to integrate them in the labor market and due to the fact that the taxes and social contributions that they pay are far below the majority population, with notable effects on the Gross Domestic Product. A final argument that contributed to the choice of this theme is that the integration of the members of this population in the labor market could be a positive proof for the efficiency of the policies and projects implemented over time in their favor.

migration, people smuggling, people trafficking, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

In this paper, a technical and legal analysis of the crimes of people trafficking and smuggling associated with migration was made, according to the mistaken regulations in the Cuban Penal Code. For that reason theoretical and empirical methods were used. A proposal for improving the regulation of the crimes of people trafficking and smuggling associated with it in the Cuban Penal Code was established, in order to a future amendment. It was analyzed the migration as a social phenomenon with a lot of legal and criminal consequences. In addition, the crimes of people trafficking and smuggling associated with it were defined and compared; and it was made a study from the comparative law about the regulation of these crimes in the foreign legislations.

drugs, retrospective survey, niger., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Drug is a substance, which trouble brain. One of the reasons for juvenile delinquency is drug use. The present work is a retrospective study based on seizures of drugs made by the Niger courts and. Evaluation of the drug utilization by people according to the statistics of drug seizures from 2013 to 2016 of the Central Office for the Suppression of Illegal Traffic in Narcotics (OCRTIS). According to the statistics of drug seizures from 2013 to 2016 of the Central Office for the Suppression of Illegal Traffic in Narcotics (OCRTIS). Nine (9) types of drugs belonging to six (6) families were seized in Niger including: Amphetamines, Cannabis, Crack, Cocaine, Diazepam, Ephedrine, Heroin, Methamphetamines and Tramadol. These come from all countries bordering Niger but also from East Africa and Central Africa and the data gathered was analyzed using MS Excel. It should be noted that the percentage of those charged varies according to age group whose: the under 18’s are 6%, 59% are between 18 and 29 years, 25% are between 30 and 39 years, the 40 years and over are 10%. So most of the people which have been arrested are minors between 18 and 39 years old. In addition, it is necessary to mention 2% of women against 98 % of men in the said sale and consumption. If the number of seizures increases each year, the possibility of drug consumption by its users would also grow and highlights important diseases related to their consumption. Thus, the more appropriate implication of the blood and urine tests of these drug users.

industrial policy, herfindal index, market penetration, export diversification index, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Export sector is considered as the backbone of any economy. The economy which is efficient and competitive in global market enjoys better export performance otherwise become dependence on foreign goods market. Pakistan being a developing economy faces worse export performance as compare to its past competitors and currently economy faces huge current account deficit. The current study made an attempt to check the relationship between Industrial Policy and export diversification using ARDL approach because of different integration nature of variables under consideration from 1980-2018. The findings of the study suggests that there is strong relationship between industrial Policy instruments and export diversification both in short run and long run and by enhancing strong and visionary Industrial Policies and less relying on imports, the economy can enjoy sufficient growth and diversify its export structure.

csr, extractive industries, government, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This article aims to illustrate the role of government in the implementation of CSR in the extractive industries. The extractive industries need support from the government to resolve various problems which have emerged in conducting their CSR. These problems have arisen because of the contradiction and tension in the role or framework of business communities of the extractive industries, as an economic and social agent. To address those problems, based on a structural functional perspective, the extractive industries need other institution primarily government to establish policies or regulations in conducting their CSR. This study employs systemic review method reviewing 70 journal articles of research studies which focus on the implementation of CSR in the extractive industries in Indonesia. This study found that government has an important role to stipulate several regulations mostly at a national level. The regulations require the extractive industries to implement CSR to specifically address various negative impacts, socially, culturally and environmentally, on the affected communities. This study, however, also found that there is insufficient guideline at a local level in relation to CSR. Consequently, the extractive industries have no guidelines in how to establish their CSR activities, to what extend they should involve the local communities as well as the local governments in these activities and to address various problems which have emerged in the implementation of CSR. The lack of guidelines has also given rise to the different perception of the local governments on how they should be involved in the implementation of CSR.

tourism, global economic integration, lebanon, european union., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Tourism is considered as one of the major components in the economy, since it increases job creation, enhance the social level, decrease poverty and increases the opportunities for entrepreneurs to prove their skills especially women (Caroline Ashley) . Having an integrated economy where borders are removed, tourism is more facilitated and those countries would benefit economically, where the number of tourists increase. As we can see that the EU region is considered the first destination for tourism, in addition to the nature landscape, having an integrated economy, sharing a single market played a major role in increasing this tourism trips, especially that most tourists are from Europe. Tourism is very important in Lebanon and should be developed, through building a good image, create linkages between different sectors, taking into consideration that we can get short term or long term results accordingly.

logistics costs, investment, cement project, incentives, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This practical research aims to be guidance for investors who intend to claiming projects’ incentives offered by Indonesia’s government. Many of them failed to claim such incentives due to lack documents fulfillment since preparation, they mostly unaware, when it needed just realized requiring many revisions and finally came to end-rejection. Scope of this paper is in Indonesia for investors who are in preparation-stage to do project investments. It comes to conclude that remodeling logistics’ execution can successfully reduce to only 7% of logistics costs or far below than Doing Business’ finding. Methodology applied was changing Incoterms to be free on board (FOB) instead of cost and freight (CFR).

donald trump, us president, social media communication, web 2.0, online reactions, facebook, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

SNSs, such as Facebook, focus all their attention more on politician communication than institutional communication (political party, government, parliament, presidency, etc.), which encourages the implementation of communication strategies for personalized campaigns. Thus, most of the times, one can reach the paradox that the image of the politicians is more visible than the image of the party, and the personalized aspects of the strategy of the political actor can even contradict the strategies of the communication structures of the political parties. Personalized communication in social media is also highlighted by the use of tagging, most political leaders using this tool to create image links with other political personalities or civil society (ministers, political groups of the same political party, political activists or even political opponents), seeking so that the original post is reproduced and disseminated by those mentioned, in their social groups, forming conversation communities with users that confirm existing convictions. This study focused on analyzing the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that facilitate Social Media Communication of Donald Trump, the President of United States of America (number of fans, types of posts, interactions etc.) and analyzing Donald Trump's Facebook speech and identify the most commonly used expressions in Social Media during the term of President. The monitoring period is 20.01.2017 - 16.08.2019.

divorce and parental conflicts, parental alienation syndrome, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

In this paper we describe some problems of the Romanian families in contemporary society: marital satisfaction, psychological and social implications of divorce and parental conflicts and the parental alienation syndrome

power grid engineering project, schedule management, risk management, interpretative structure model, analytic hierarchy process, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Design dangers are the key risk for extraordinary viability of timetable organization in (PGEP). This paper intends to manufacture a methodically system for design RM, which comprises of three measurements, including the work force measurement, technique measurement and time measurement, explicitly supervisory faculty, the executives strategies and the development procedure, consistently. Responsibilities of staff with different capacities are examined in the supervisory faculty part, and six phases and their concurring 40 key works are guaranteed as the time measurement. RI, assessment, appraisal and expectation together framed the technique measurement. In view of this foundation, 222 planned dangers happen in the entire procedure of PGEPs are distinguished through questionnaires and interviews. At that point, the connection among each hazard is made sense of dependent on the Interpretative Structure Model (ISM) technique and the effect of each hazard is quantitatively surveyed by setting up assessment framework. The genuine act of the planned system is checked through the investigation of the primary phase of a PGEP. At long last, the outcomes show that this structure of planned RM is significant for refining the productivity of PM. It gives administrators a more clear methodology with which to lead RM encourages them to opportune recognize chances and keep dangers from happening. It is likewise simple for administrators to pass judgment on the impact level of each hazard, so they can take activities dependent on the degree of each hazard's seriousness. Generally speaking, it is gainful for power lattice endeavours to accomplish a feasible administration.

local goats, social capital, strategy, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The research aims were to determine strategies in farmers' social capital strengthening to increase trust between farmers and stakeholders, in market structure, and technical-social farmers' empowerment. The study was conducted in Benjor Village, Tumpang District, Malang Regency, and the number of respondents was 30 people. Data analysis methods used in research are SWOT analysis with IFAS (Internal Strategic Factors Analysis Summary) and EFAS (External Strategic Factors Analysis Summary) and continued with AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) analysis. The results of the study that the cartesian diagram position of local goat development in Benjor Village in quadrant IV, which means there are more weak points than strength points, more threat points than the opportunity points. Therefore, developing the local goat business needs to change the strategy through strengthening social capital in the trust of both other farmers with stakeholders.

financial recession, oil and gas, yemen, crisis, economy, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Yemen as an oil exporting country with relatively larger populations and modest oil resources has witnessed a sharp deterioration in their public finances and current account balances in 2008-2009, as a result of financial crisis mainly lower oil prices leading to a weakening of the economy.This study targeting the global crisis impact on Yemen’s economy, by analysis the macroeconomic indicators to understand how much the government achieve in term of economic efficiency which reflected in economic growth, full employment, trade balance and price stability. Yemen has less developed monetary banking system and relatively minor exposure to foreign banks, which result in fair impact from the financial global crisis. However, the government can’t sustain exchange rate and stabilize the price the non-oil declined by 3% of the determined gross domestic product (GDP) in 2009, from 6.98% in 2008. This paper found that the crisis has negative impact on the government revenues, trade balance and significant reduction in foreign direct investment (FDI), caused reduction in spending and widened the deficits in the budget and the balance of payments. Real growth has been achieved relatively high rates and through precisely the crisis. The revenues declined more than 10% in 2009 and government expenditures reduced with regards to decline in oil revenues and service delivery. The government responses were successful in the monetary policy side, but with lots of blurred in the fiscal policies which was subject for critical discussion and assessment. This paper concluded that to improve the overall Yemen’s economy and avoid any unpleasant economic event in the future, government should have a strategic plan to achieve sustain growth rate by diverse outcome resources, support the private sector and encourage investments.

social responsibility, internal marketing, organizational commitment, turnover intention, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Abstract. Employee turnover is one of the most important phenomena in the study of individuals' organizational behavior. For this reason, organizations able to identify effective factors in employee turnover are more likely to employ more effective policies and methods to maintain their human resources before they leave the organization. This study aims to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility and internal marketing on employee turnover intentions, considering the mediating role of organizational commitment. The present research is practical in purpose, descriptive in data collection methodology and a survey research in type. The research population consisted of all employees in all Tehran branches of the Melli Bank of Iran, amounting to 9405 people. The Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size, which yielded a sample size of 369 people. This research employs the clustering method for sampling and a standard survey for data collection. The statistical method utilized in this study is the structural equation method and all statistical analysis was performed using SPSS19 and AMOS23 softwares. Testing the research hypotheses revealed that social responsibility and internal marketing have a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment and organizational commitment has a significant negative impact on employee turnover intentions. Also, organizational commitment completely mediates the negative impact of social responsibility and internal marketing on the employee turnover intentions.

security council, united nation, public international low, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The United Nation Security Council, although it has been the most reformed organ of the Organization, does not currently respond to the claims of democracy of the international community. In this regard, this article proposes four theoretical legal assumptions that should underpin the democratization of the aforementioned organ, regarding the structure and operation established by the UN Charter. The use of applicable methods in the Legal Sciences allowed the formulation of the postulates, among them: the recognition of the perspective of democracy in the UN Charter, and the transformation of the voting system into non-procedural matters and in relation to the processes of reform and revision of the UN Charter.

birth, phenomenon, demography, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Birth has become a phenomenon of increasing concern. The population of Romania has decreased and is constantly decreasing, the downward evolution is not surprising, all the information on the natural and migratory movement after 1989 define a well-installed demographic decline. Romania's demographic decline is gaining new dimensions and amplifying the deterioration of the country's demographic situation. What is less known and evaluated at the true value is the depth of the deterioration of the age structure of the population in the context of the demographic decline and the implications of this deterioration from the perspective of the possible recovery of the demographic state of the country. The present demographic evolutions, respectively the characteristics of the components that have produced and are still producing these evolutions, foreshadow a strongly negative image regarding the population of Romania in the next decades, if by public policies the birth ratio will not be stimulated.

public policy, financial literacy, economy, budget, debt, credit, education, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This policy highlights the importance of financial literacy, the ability to make healthy financial decisions in regards to debt, credit and other expenses, serious matters in this Digital Age. Being financially literate in today’s economic climate is more important than ever. Understanding finances can help individuals make better money management decisions, budget money properly, adequately save for college, and be financially prepared for retirement. Romania has the lowest number of companies per capita, most of the existent companies are not financially active and rarely do make a profit, which is a concerning statistic for a state member of the European Union. The general objective of this public policy is to integrate financial literacy classes into the Romanian educational curriculum.

work and rest, diary, time management., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The present research analyses one out of multiple challenges the first-year students face during their transition to academic life, namely, the first-year students’ work and rest balance. The balance, if managed wisely, might become a strong enabler to a successful transition to university life. The study analyses a series of factors, such as the balance of work and rest of the first-year students, skills of time management and the psychological state during the first months at university. The study employs a comparative analysis to evaluate the average hours of work and rest per week of a first-year student comparing with the planned time. The data of students’ work and rest balance was collected from the diary they were asked to record for two months. A focus group was comprised of twenty-five respondents of finance, twelve students of language and three of health science study programs at Lithuanian universities.

personality traits, non-cognitive skills, autonomy, musical abilities, extraversion, physical abilities, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Through this research, it has been studied the relationship between personality traits and non-cognitive skills. The hypotheses of this study are that there is a positive correlation between a high level of extraversion and physical abilities, and there is a positive correlation between a high level of autonomy and musical abilities. The research was conducted through two research tools, the purpose of which was to identify and evaluate personality traits and non-cognitive skills. The group of participants consists of 120 people aged between 18 and 33 years. The study results attest the validity of the assumptions. In both cases, personality traits are a possible predictor of the development of non-cognitive skills, while the latter are a possible modeling factor for the personality.

team communication, oil and gas, face-to-face, effectiveness, performance, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The development of multidisciplinary team communication in oil and Gas industry is a complex area that increasingly impact on team performance and achieve the common goals. Communication is the exchange of information through actions, speech and writing or symbols. Effective team communication increases; team member’s effectiveness and satisfaction because they are given the appropriate guidelines, tools and direction on how to accomplish tasks. Team members communicate via meeting, phone calls and emails. However, In the latest year’s communication tool has increased significantly as the business world has gone global and more virtual communication options are introduced, (i.e. Skype, WebEx and Smartphones). The aim of this paper was to assess the team communication process and quantity the issues, in order to avoid project delays and suboptimal performance. To determine the extent to which verbal communication approach has an impact among the organization behavior and on the integration, effectiveness and efficiency of the team. This paper had examined this subject in one of the national Oil and Gas company, and concluded that team productivity and performance are highly affected by the way of the communication and the best way is to have effective face-to-face meeting with clear objective in regular basis.

public policies, defining the problem, making the decision, implementation of public policy, monitoring and evaluation of public policy, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

We can talk about public policies when a public authority - central or local - intends, with the help of a coordinated action program, to modify the economic, social, cultural environment of social actors. At national level, public policies can appear from any of the major state institutions (Parliament, President, Government, central or local authorities). The study of public policies is different from the traditional academic research, having an applied approach, oriented towards: (1) designing and developing solutions for the problems of society, (2) Interdisciplinarity, (3) Orientation towards problem solving: it does not have a purely academic character, but it is oriented towards the problems of the real world, looking for solutions for them, (4) Normativity. The general stages of this process are as follows: (1) defining the problem, (2) making the decision, (3) implementation of public policy, (4) monitoring and evaluation of public policy.

social support, appraisal support, tangible support, self-esteem support, belonging support, loneliness, worry, freshmen, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The impact of social support buffers most of the psychological problems such as loneliness and worry in the transition period for university freshmen. This loneliness and worry can lead to many freshmen suffering in less confidence and difficulties in interactions as a university student. The greater perceiving social support can alleviate loneliness and worry. The main aim of this study is to investigate the impact of social support on loneliness and worry among university freshmen. In this study, a quantitative approach was used. The sample was composed of 500 freshmen from four universities, Sagaing Technological University, Sagaing University of Education, Co-operative University (Sagaing) and Sagaing University. Social support perceived by university freshmen was measured by using Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) including four subscales that are appraisal support, tangible support, self-esteem support and belonging support which consisted of 40 items. The Loneliness of freshmen was examined by using the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (RULS) consisted of 20 items. Freshmen’s worry was explored by using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) which comprised of 16 items. According to descriptive statistics, all universities in the selected district gave the equal social supports to freshmen but freshmen felt that they perceived the appraisal support than other supports. The results of independent sample t-test showed that there were significant differences in social support, loneliness and worry by gender. Furthermore, the result of ANOVA showed that there were significant differences in loneliness and worry by universities. The result of correlation analyses described that there was significant interrelationship among social support, loneliness and worry. The results of this study highlighted that types of social support can impact on loneliness and worry of freshmen effectively. That is the main reason why social support should be provided as one of the effective ways to ease loneliness and worry for freshmen.

COVID-19, Countermeasures, The Role of Intelligence, The Defense of the Universe., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The COVID-19 pandemic that began in Wuhan China has threatened the safety and affected all aspects of human life throughout the world both in European, American, African, Middle Eastern, Australian and Asian countries including Indonesia. The problem of the epidemic cannot yet be fully addressed by the World Health Organization (WHO) so that all countries in the world competing to find a vaccine to tackle the outbreak. The latest development of a case that has been declared a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO) last March shows that more than 4 million people have been infected with fatalities of nearly three hundred thousand people in more than two hundred countries. This condition then gave rise to the question in the public how the role of state institutions in responding to threats to public security, especially the intelligence sector, whose information is not widely known to the public. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of Intelligence in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic within the framework of the defence of the Indonesian universe. Role theory is the author's analysis instrument to spell out the description of the role and importance of Intelligence in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is written in a qualitative methodology using a phenomenological approach and data collected from interviews and documentation studies. This research concludes that Intelligence has a real and significant role in the level of identification and detection of outbreaks and their impact so that it becomes a vital input in the formulation of policies relevant to the country in responding to the pandemic.

Artificial intelligence, stock market, technical analysis, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Technical analysis is a widely used tool in making investment decisions. Nowadays it becomes very popular in the context of big data analysis and artificial intelligence framework. Although the analysis of the results of indicators in certain markets often becomes the axis of technical analysis research, it is difficult to find articles aimed at applying and comparing this analysis in different markets. This paper attempts to answer the question of whether technical analysis indicators work in the same or different ways in the US, European, and Asian stock markets. For this purpose, 8 indicators are calculated, and their results are compared in three selected markets. The correlation between the indicators themselves in individual markets is also determined. It has been observed that the performance of technical analysis is similar in different markets so this type of analysis can be used in artificial intelligence framework.

Macroeconomic Variables, Credits to Private Sector, Banking Sector Development, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The study assessed the relationship between Macroeconomic Variables and Development in the Nigerian Banking Sector using annual time series data. Models were specified using Ratio of Credits to Private Sector to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a proxy for Banking Sector Development. At the same time, GDP growth rate, Poverty, Exchange Rate, Oil Price, Poverty, Money Supply, Inflation, and Interest rates were the selected Macroeconomic Variables used in the study. Data used were sourced from the Statistical Bulletin of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) for various editions and estimated using ARDL Bound Test and Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM). The study found that there exists a long-run relationship between Macroeconomic Variables selected and Banking Sector Development. The VECM coefficients revealed that all variables except Interest Rates have negative effects on Banking Sector Development. The VECM (-1), which showed the speed of adjustment, was rightly signed and significant, indicating a long-run causality relationship running from macroeconomic variables to banking sector development. The Impulse response from restricted VAR revealed that Banking Sector responded to the Macroeconomic Variables of which GDPGR and INT were transmitting negatively to Banking Sector Development while others were transmitting positive impulses. However, the variance decomposition found that oil price, followed by GDPGR and poverty, caused more variation in Banking Sector Development. In contrast, inflation and money supply caused the least variation in Banking Sector Development. The study, therefore, concluded that selected Macroeconomic Variables have a significant long-run relationship with Banking Sector Development. It is therefore recommended, among others that, Macroeconomic indicators should be well monitored and controlled using macroeconomic instruments promptly since when they are well managed would lead to a better developed Banking Sector in Nigeria.

rural settlements, territorial disparities, quality of life, rural development, local development strategies, rural dysfunctions, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The paper aims to perform an up-to-date radiography of the rural settlements in Romania, focusing on the main dysfunctions related to: employment, social exclusion and risk of poverty, education, health and infrastructure. Based on the overview, the article is developing scenarios for reducing the above dysfunctions, setting the scene and involving the proper actors for improving the quality of life in rural settlements, together with the potential funds dedicated for the present and future programming period.

project based learning, ladder snake media, student activities, students’ learning outcomes, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The present study aims to determine the effect of the project based learning model with snake and ladder media to fifth graders’ learning activity and outcome in social studies. The material covered was the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence. The research method used was a quasi-experimental with non-equivalent (pretest and posttest) control group design. The research respondents consisted of 36 students. Data were collected through observation and tests. The research instrument used was observation sheet containing students’ learning activities and a test of learning outcomes that had been validated by experts. Independent samples t-test was used for hypothesis testing. The students’ activity and learning outcomes improvement were determined by the results of the N-gain test. The results showed an increase in activity and learning outcomes in both classes. The experimental class performed higher activity and learning outcomes than the control class. This shows that project based learning model with snake ladder media had a positive effect primary 5 students’ activities and learning outcomes in social studies learning.

Service Quality, User Value, Satisfaction, Loyalty of Users, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of service quality and user value on the satisfaction and loyalty of users at the Padang City Library and Archives Service. The sample used was 100 respondents. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The data is processed using SPSS 16. The type of data used is primary data by distributing questionnaires. Data analysis method with path analysis technique. The results of the study found that the quality of service had a significant effect on the loyalty of users at the Padang City Library and Archives Service, the value of users had a significant effect on the loyalty of users at the City of Library and Archives Service, the quality of service had a significant effect on the satisfaction of visitors at the Department of Library and Archives of Padang, the value of users have a significant effect on the satisfaction of library users in the Padang City Library and Archives Office, satisfaction has a significant effect on the loyalty of users in the Library and City Archives Office in Padang, the quality of service through satisfaction has no effect on loyalty and so does the value of users through satisfaction does not affect the loyalty of users in the Padang City Library and Archives Service.

Youtube, Netflix, Indonesian Broadcasting Commission, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Today there are a lot of developments in broadcast technology in Indonesia, educational and quality shows are an important need for everyone. That is because quality shows will form a quality society. Broadcast technology that is currently well-known and widely discussed and widely accessed by people in Indonesia is Youtube and Netflix, people who want to access videos and films will be spoiled with the convenience provided by this platform. But what is unfortunate from the existence of Youtube and Netflix is the vastness of shows that can be accessed by everyone and also children without any screening, supervision, and mastery of the Indonesian Censorship Institution first. For now, the government still cannot do anything in filtering shows that should not be broadcast on Youtube and Netflix, because in Law Number 32 of 2002 on Broadcasting it does not explicitly explain the authority of the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission in overseeing content on both platforms like Youtube and Netflix. Therefore, in this writing the author will highlight how the Government can take a position to filter out content that should not be displayed to the public in Indonesia as well as surveillance conducted on the Youtube and Netflix platforms. The method used in this writing is Juridical Empirical in which the writer looks at the facts that exist in society and mix and match with the rules and laws that exist and apply in Indonesia. The result of this writing is that there needs to be a change in the Broadcasting Law so that there is supervision and also restrictions on the content displayed on the digital platform.

Motivation, Work Environment, Leadership Style, Employee Performance, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This study aims to determine the effect of motivation and work environment on leadership style and its impact on employee performance at the Pariaman City DPRD Secretariat. This research is motivated by the low work motivation of employees and the conditions of the work environment that do not support employees in carrying out work and leadership style that does not support employees in carrying out work, thus affecting the decline in employee performance at the Pariaman City DPRD Secretariat. The research method with a quantitative approach with the path analysis method. Data collection techniques with questionnaires, observation and interviews. The respondents of this study were 50 employees of the Pariaman City DPRD Secretariat. The sampling method uses the total sampling method in which the entire population in this study is the research sample. Hypothesis testing is calculated by the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) program version 20.0. The results of this study found that motivation does not significantly influence leadership style, work environment does not significantly influence leadership style, motivation has significant effect on performance, work environment has a significant effect on performance, and leadership style has a significant effect on employee performance at the Pariaman City DPRD Secretariat. Whereas directly motivation through leadership style has a significant influence on performance and indirectly the work environment through leadership style has a significant influence on the performance of the Pariaman City DPRD Secretariat staff. Keywords: Motivation, Work Environment, Leadership Style, Employee Performance

Damage, Immaterial damage, Accident traffic, Republic of Kosovo, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

In the Republic of Kosovo, one of the issues that is mostly encountered in practice is that of compensation for non-pecuniary damage by self-responsibility. Public transport is of great importance for the life and economic development of a country, because this development of various types of public traffic has facilitated the movement of people, and above all the transport of goods and people from one place to another. Contemporary life can not even be imagined without the different types of public traffic such as: air, road, water and rail transport which include motor vehicles of different types. But this public traffic needs normal and safe development. Because humanity today is paying a heavy price for human casualties, with the risk of health, because motor vehicles, in addition to becoming pollutants of the human environment, are also the cause of accidents with great economic damage, bodily injury. and even the loss of life of participants in public traffic. This paper will address the cause of damage from traffic accidents, the compensation of non-pecuniary damage from liability, the legal framework that regulates the field of liability.

concept of self, moderator, self esteem, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The study aimed to determine the concept of self as moderator between self-esteem and trend towards others.. The study sample consists of (300) student who chosen from two countries, and to achieve the objectives of the study the researchers use self-esteem scale, self concept scale, trend toward others scale, after collecting and processing information statistically using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS, the researchers reached the following results: • the level of self concept at university students is low. • the level of self-esteem at university student is medium. • the level of trend toward others at university student is medium. • the self concept don’t play moderator role between self-esteem and trend toward others. • It is assumed that there are significant differences in terms of self-esteem compared to Romania Algeria. • It is assumed that there are significant differences in the comparative self concept of Romania Algeria.

Work Culture, compensation, Leadership, Work Commitment, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Schools can run effectively if management functions such as planning, organizing, motivation and supervision that are functioning properly, as well as supporting elements (teachers and staff) are available and meet the requirements. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of work culture, compensation for work leadership, the influence of work culture, compensation for work commitment and the influence of leadership as an intervening variable between work culture and compensation for the kindergarten teacher work commitments in Pariaman City.The approach used in this research is quantitative research and testing the proposed hypothesis. Hypothesis testing using the path analysis model. The population in this study was the total number of kindergarten teachers in Pariaman City as many as 54 people and a sample of 54 people. The data used are primary and secondary data. Analyzed by path analysis.Based on the results of the study found 1) there is an influence of work culture on the kindergarten teacher work leadership in Pariaman City, 2) there is an effect of compensation on the kindergarten teacher work leadership in Pariaman City, 3) there is an influence of work culture and compensation together towards the kindergarten teacher work leadership in Pariaman City, 4) there is an influence of work culture influencing the work commitment of kindergarten teachers in Pariaman City and 5) there is an effect of compensation on the work commitment of kindergarten teachers in Pariaman City and 6) there is an influence of work culture and compensation on work commitment through compensation as a moderating variable kindergarten teacher in Pariaman City.

Benchmarking, Single sex, practices, militating and academic performance, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This study investigated benchmarking practices by single sex boarding secondary schools in the Western region of Kenya. The purpose was to establish why these schools engaged in benchmarking, whether they prioritised different or common benchmarking activities, and the factors militating against benchmarking. The study was guided by the theory of the learning organization. The target was 66 (37 Boys boarding and 29 Girls boarding schools, previously classified as provincial schools) engaged in benchmarking at the time of the study. A total of 20 schools representing 30% were randomly selected. Of the 240 who formed the study sample (20 principals, 20 DOSs, 100 HODs and 100 teachers) 215 (89.58%) responded. Data were collected using questionnaires with closed and open ended items, and analysed both descriptively (means and percentages) and inferentially (Chi-square and Z-test) using the Predictive Analytical Software (PASW) Version 19.0. All responses on the open ended questions were paraphrased and others reported verbatim in triangulation of findings. The study found that, schools benchmarked national and county schools. Most of the programmes benchmarked were targeted improvement in academic performance. Both categories of schools had common benchmarking interests and therefore sought information on similar practices and programmes. While most respondents reported it the practice had improved examination results, a number of challenges were pointed out. These were lack of time, lack of resources, too much focus on exams and poor implementation of benchmarked programmes. It was therefore recommended that, schools create ample time for the exercise, allocate sufficient resources for implementation of programmes and go beyond the focus on academics to benchmark on other practices that build an all round student.

Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The aims of this research were to examine the legal protection on the farmer rights in international trade under Indonesian law. The research was important to provide various alternative solutions over the problem of inabilities of farmer to be a subject of international trade and to review whether the Indonesian Government gave legal protection to farmer rights. It was an empirical legal research, which using primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected from the respondents and informants while the secondary ones were taken from primary and secondary legal materials. The validity of data used sources triangulation method while all of data were analysed by analysis of editing style through legal interpretation. The result showed that Indonesian Government through enactment of its legislation has not been providing the legal protection to the farmer rights in international trade optimally. Moreover, this study was expected to contribute in reforming over legislation that regulates the protection of farmer rights.

Finance Digitalization, organizational structure, job skills and qualifications, labour market, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Finance digital transformation has become the most commonly used words in the last decade. Enhancing the efficiency and the survival of institutions is related to the adoption of innovation of digital changes. Redesigning the organizational structure of any institution starts with employees and their skills and competencies. This article aims to show how the process of digitalization of the financial system and the adoption of new technologies have changed the approach of the workplace, the way of doing business and redefined the parameters of the financial products and services offered. The research presents the challenges faced by organizational design in the banking industry and how the structure of employees it is changed. Starting to form financial institutions cases and extrapolating to the labour market, in general, the paper underlines the movements of the job market and the possible solutions to redirect the specialization curriculums in order to equip people with those qualifications and skills which will make them employable on the current digitalized business environment.

Commitment, Compensation, Job Satisfaction, Tasks Competence, Teachers, SMA Don Bosco, Padang, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This study aims to determinethe effect of Job Satisfaction in Mediating the Relationship between Compensation, Tasks Competence and Commitment of Teachers of SMA Don Bosco Padang as many as 64 people. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to the entire population that could be used for analysis purposes. Hypothesis testing was carried out by using data analysis techniques through Path Analysis. The results of the data analysis show that of the (two) independent variables, Compensation has no significant effect. Menawhile, task competence has a significant effect on the Task Commitment variable (the dependent variable). Furthermore, the Compensation and Task CompetencyVariables have a significant effect on the Job Satisfaction variable as an intervening variable. Likewise, the Job Satisfaction variable also has a significant effect on performance. Both of the Independent Variables are eligible for the Mediation test. Job Satisfaction as an intervening variable has no influence between Compensation and Task Commitment. While Job Satisfaction as an intervening variable influences the Task Competence and the Task Commitment of Teachers of SMA Don Bosco Padang.The effect of compensation variable and career development to the commitment of the task in the first phase amounted described by value R2is 0.783 or 78.3%, when compared to the effect test of variable compensation and competency tasks to task commitment in the second stage by inserting a mediating variable work motivation where the effect described by the value R2is 0.783 or 84.6% or the increase of effect by incorporating variable job satisfaction as an intervening variable is 84.6% - 78.3%, or 6.3%

Purchase Decision, Packaging, Price, Promotion, Perceived Value, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This study is aimed to find the influence of packaging, price, promotions and perceived value on purchase decision at Snack Business 88 Solok. The method used in this study is quantitative research with a descriptive approach. The population in this study was resellers who shop at Snack Business 88 Solok City. The sample used was 72 resellers by using accidental sampling. The data analysis is multiple linear regressionstechnique.The results of the study show that: (1) Packaginghas a positive and significant effect on purchase decision at Snack Business 88 Solok City, (2) Price has a negative and significant effect on purchase decision at Snack Business 88 Solok City, (3) Promotion has a positive and significant effect on purchase decision at Snack Business 88 Solok City, (4) Perceived value has a positive and significant effect on purchase decision at Snack Business 88 Solok City, (5) Packaging, price, promotion and perceived value have a significant effect on purchase decision at Snack Business 88 Solok City.

Servqual, Customer Value, Product Quality, Emotional, Price, Cost, Customer Satisfaction, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Basically the goal of a business is to create customers who are satisfied. The creation of satisfaction can provide several benefits, including the relationship between the company's customers are harmonious, provide a good foundation for the purchase and creation of customer loyalty and establish a recommendation by word of mouth (word-ofmouth) which is advantageous for the customer, This research conducted in PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) TBK Padang Belakang Olo Branch sample of 100 customers with sample selection. In this study usingstratified random sampling technique, Bysampling in certain strata then taken at random with equal proportion according to the position in the population, With the data were analyzed by using multiple linear regression analysis. Servqual significantly affect customer satisfaction and positive experience for the customer PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) TBK Padang Belakang Olo Branch, customer value as wellsignificantly affect customer satisfaction and positive experience for the customer PT Bank Mandiri ( Persero) TBK Padang Belakang Olo Branch. Product quality can not beaffects customer satisfaction PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) TBK Padang Belakang Olo Branch. Emotionalcan not affectcustomersatisfactionforcustomers PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) TBK Padang Belakang Olo Branch . Prices are not able to affect customer satisfaction for customers Bank PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) TBK Padang Belakang Olo Branch. Cost significantly affect customer satisfaction and positive experience for the customer PT Bank Mandiri ( Persero) TBK Padang Belakang Olo Branch.It can be concluded that the higher Servqua and, customers value a customer satisfaction will also increase, in addition to lower customers' costs incurred in obtaining products and services PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) TBK Padang Belakang Olo Branch, then customer satisfaction will increase.

Economic crisis, social indicators, economic indicators, taxation, GDP, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Socio-economic indicators are usually complex indicators, i.e. they are derived from the composition of individual indicators using a method of weighting. The index of economic freedom shows us how open and friendly our country is towards 'business'. The poverty index is an indication of the standard of living of our country and it is generally considered that it can effectively reflect the various shortcomings of the population. GDP, respectively, measures, in units of money, all finished products produced annually in an economy and traded through the market. Annual GDP growth over a given period is a measure of growth. This economic growth is currently one of the most dynamic growing branches of economic science. In the research section of this paper, we examine the degree of correlation between the social indicators of Economic Freedom and Poverty with the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) financial indicator, and finally, the conclusions drawn from the processing of the correlational data are recorded for future study.

Safety, safety/security pillars, assessment, risks, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Safety is one of the basic needs of every citizen, company, city, region, and state. Long-term solutions to safety issues have brought 6 pillars to this area (ie physical security, fire safety, safety and health at work, environmental safety and security, operational safety and security, information security). The mentioned safety/security pillars comprehensively cover the area of safety within the company, region, etc. In today's society, it is necessary to focus on the effective evaluation of individual pillars of safety/security. By evaluating them, it is possible to identify places with deficiencies that may be sources of risk in the future. Sources of risk could be identified through a tool that could comprehensively assess all pillars. The result of the evaluation would be the level of safety of the evaluated pillar. Depending on the level of the safety pillar, adequate measures could be taken to address the shortcomings.

health human capital, health investment, economic growth, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Economic growth depends on factor inputs, and health human capital investment is a very important factor input. We set up a three-period overlapping generation model of personal health investment and government public health investment in the formation of physical capital and human capital and its impact on economic growth. Our findings show that health human capital investment can increase economic growth. We also conducted empirical research on the relationship between health human capital investment and economic growth by using China’s provincial panel data from 1999 to 2016. The robustness test of endogenous and interactive term regression confirms our results. We found that individual health investment has the greatest impact on economic growth. Therefore, China's health strategy is consistent with the policy of economic growth. China should further expand health investment and optimize the structure of health investment to promote its economic growth.

Organizational socialization, job satisfaction, work engagement, core self-evaluation, newcomer, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

One hundred and fifty-nine new workers in the government sector in Aceh Besar District were sampled to investigate whether their job satisfaction and engagement was influenced by organizational socialization tactics. Core self-evaluation is considered an important factor for newcomers who interact between organizational socialization tactics towards the outputs who were investigated in this study. Primary research data obtained from the results of questionnaires distributed to respondents who previously we have set. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) supported by the AMOS 24 program is used to produce an accurate analysis of the primary data of this study. Based on the results of the analyzed data it was found that job satisfaction and work engagement of newcomers within the government sector organization in Aceh Besar District were influenced by factors of organizational socialization tactics in the organization itself. In addition, the results of the investigation data analysis also found that the core self-evaluation factor is important to be taken into account by newcomers when entering the organization that is now observed. Whether the results of this investigation in other places experienced the same thing, also discussed.

Economic growth, public expenditure, effectiveness, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Ensuring high and sustainable economic growth is one of the main tasks of public spending policy. In fact, public expenditure plays an important role in the formation of physical and human capital over time. If are properly targeted, they can stimulate economic growth even in the short term, when limited infrastructure of (unskilled) workforce is a barrier to increased production. Therefore, the realized impact of public expenditures on economic growth can be considered as an indicator of their effectiveness. The goal of public expenditure is to increase economic growth by providing more employment opportunities, increasing people's income and living standards. Therefore, if they are well-managed, they can lead to the desired level of economic growth and improvement of the living standard of the population.

adolescent, personality, disorder, behavior, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

A balanced adolescent chooses activities that contribute to character development, increasing self-confidence, developing socializing skills, identifying passions and making decisions. The main purpose of the paper was to identify some dimensions in the personality structure of adolescents that correlate with other aspects of behavior. The evaluation and treatment of internalizing disorders in children and adolescents has a long and rich tradition in the psychology and clinical psychiatry of the child. However, the use of longitudinal data to elucidate the evolution and outcome of these conditions, as well as their assessment and treatment, is less developed in the embryonic development stage. However, there have been interesting developments and significant progress has been made. Outsourcing behaviors and disorders, due to their excessive or obvious nature, attract the attention of parents, teachers or others in the adolescent environment. However, there are situations where a subclinical, but significant, level of such a disorder goes unnoticed or is listed as a manifestation of the adolescent's level of adaptation. In this way, certain antisocial behaviors, such as theft, lying, destruction, violent tendencies, may remain unknown to parents or other adults. In some unfortunate cases, these outsourcing behaviors are recognized only after their occurrence, as elements of a pathology that culminated in tragic results. Similarly, certain behaviors of minor importance, but persistent, may foresee the subsequent occurrence of more serious or frequent violations of social rules and norms. Therefore, early identification of externalizing disorders at school, in the community, or in clinical institutions is extremely important for intervention and prevention efforts.

Self efficacy, Job performance, Empowerment, Theory of planned behavior., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The aim of the study was to estimate the impact of empowerment enhancement on lecturers’ job performance and self efficacy. Further to this the mediating role investigation was also the purpose of this study. In order to complete the research 375 observations were collected from lecturers working in Chinese university in Shanxi province. Structured self administered questionnaire was used for data collection. A number of statistical techniques were used for analysis purpose which yielded results. Based on collected results all developed hypothesis were accepted. Which showed that the results are matching with earlier conducted studies both in academic and corporate environment? Significance of empowerment enhancement as practical in corporate sector as in academic settings.

Branch Campuses, SUCs III, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The whole world is one in making education accessible to all. It is in this mission that gives birth to the existence of different branch campuses. The guidelines in the establishment of the branch campuses are reflected on the Manual of Regulations for Private Higher Education of 2008 and CHED Memorandum Order no. 27 series of 2009. At present, there are 388 public branch campuses in the Philippines. However, it has to be emphasized that the public branch campuses in the Philippines are temporary and are not part of the charter of the SUCs. This study analyzed and evaluated the present conditions of the branch campuses of the State Universities and College in Region III. Evaluative research was employed, with the use of a questionnaire adopted from AACCUP, interview, documentary materials of Accreditation results to gather data from the campus administrators. Results showed that the branch campuses were built to make education accessible to the nearby communities. The SUCs Branch Campuses were outstanding in their administration, VMGO, faculty, curricular offerings and instruction, and support for students. The laboratories and facilities were evaluated as inadequate. Also, no variations were identified on the branch campuses’ researches and extension services. The area of library was found to be adequate. Funding was the main problem that led to some other problems, issues, and concerns.Policy makers should create a manual for the establishment of branch campuses where uniformity on operations and allocation of budget should be clearly stated so that improvement on their infrastructures, facilities, laboratories, and equipment can be planned and actualized. Also, marketing strategies should be effective and long-term development plan should be conceptualized to assure sustainability