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Energy drinks, caffeine, taurine, health concerns, and Romanian marketJournal: Technium Social Sciences Journal

Energy drinks are beverages that contain caffeine, taurine, ginseng, guarana, vitamins, herbal supplements, and sugar. Their ingredients are generally regarded as safe for consumption, but some of them raise some concerns. Caffeine is especially regarded as problematic, especially for some categories of consumers. Nevertheless, energy drinks also offer some advantages. In this study, we aimed to analyze the ingredients found in the energy drinks that were commercially available on the Romanian market. We analyzed products gathered over one year (March 2018 – March 2019). We used the information found on the companies' websites and directly on the products. We included 120 energy drinks found on the market. Most of the inspected products (93.4 %) contained caffeine and/or taurine (75 %). Many other products contained herbal ingredients such as guarana and ginseng. Vitamins and minerals were also abundant in these products. The vitamin concentrations are mostly negligible. Finally, all the energy drinks contained preservatives, food colorants or stabilizers, ingredients that are safe and authorized for use. In conclusion, energy drinks' consumption is mostly safe and all their ingredients are approved. However, special attention should be dedicated to some particular classes of consumers. Energy drinks should not be used in large quantities and children should be discouraged to consume them. The population must be further informed in regards to their risk, the negative effects when consumed in combination with alcohol and the danger they represent for children.

asean member states, refugees, covid-19, coronavirus, south east asia, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This paper identifies and analyzes the efforts of ASEAN member states in addressing the contemporary threats and hardships experienced by refugees. The situation is further exacerbated by the pandemic brought about by the COVID-19 coronavirus. As an international organization, ASEAN is expected to have a collective and cooperative strategy to address this. However, ASEAN member states do not exhibit large-scale collaborative efforts to resolve the plight of the refugees. Rather, mutual agreements seem to be limited to the host/transit country and the native country of the refugees. Liberal institutionalist theory that emphasizes the function of international institutions to aid multinationals cooperation in certain areas is used to explain ASEAN’s role to deal with the plight of refugees in South East Asia. It is recommended for ASEAN members to re-examine the potential of international relations in securing a safer and sustainable future for refugees.

value creating university, evolution indicators, higher education system, ali abad katoul, iran, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Today, most of high education experts consider value creation (a term different from entrepreneurship or entrepreneur) a condition for the survival and development of universities and higher education systems. Because in the era of the development of advanced technologies and knowledge-based industries in the global, regional, national and even local economies only through the strengthening of university-industry interaction can cope with current widespread crises. The purpose of this study was to design a model of value creating University with emphasis on indicators of higher education system. The research method in terms of purpose and implementation was applied and mixed (combination of exploratory plan and taxonomy development plan) respectively. The statistical population consisted of two qualitative and quantitative groups. In the qualitative part 15 individuals were selected from the academic experts and professors in Golestan province and in quantitative part 140 individuals of the staff from the Ali Abad Katoul University. The selected sample volume based on Morgan's formula was 103. Sampling in the present study was judgmental or purposive at the first stage and simple at the second stage. The research tool was a questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted manually in qualitative part by Grounded method (open-axis-selective coding) and in quantitative part by structural equation method and SPSS and Amos software. The results showed that (1) interventionist conditions with focus on the indicators of higher education system, i.e. structural component, had a positive effect on the central category, (2) central category has a positive effect on the encouraging, financial and pragmatic strategies, (3) strategies have positive impact on individual and social outcomes, (4) intra-organizational platforms have positive impact on central category and (5) the causal category, namely the indicators ​​of the value creating university and the evolution of the higher education system, has a positive effect on the central category.

exclusivity clause, e-commerce, vertical agreements, eu law, international commercial law, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

In the context of internet sales can we still speak about a traditional exclusivity clause inserted in commercial contracts? As a market development, we can see that even without the COVID 19 pandemic, Internet sales were boosted all over the world. With international actors such as Amazon, JD.com Inc., E-bay or Apple as well as many others, we have seen ecommerce sale rise up to 3.46 trillion US dollars in 2019 alone. Even if these sales only amount to 16.4% of global sales, according to digital commerce specialists, the numbers will be much higher during and post pandemic. This being said, is there any place left for traditional exclusivity clauses inserted in many commercial contracts such as franchise, distribution or agency contracts? What will happen with specific clauses that grant one of the parties the right to an exclusive use of a territory or the right to address a certain population? During the years, doctrine as well as jurisprudence has shown that exclusivity clauses must be drafted with balance; the risk is huge in the sense that it might restrict the free access to the market, offer clients products that are of lesser quality or lead to a stranglehold of the market. On the other hand, the use of contracts that contain exclusivity clauses might become irrelevant for the beneficiary as they will no longer offer the protection and specific interest. The study aims to analyse exclusivity clauses as defined in the national and international regulations as well as study the current framework and the jurisprudence’s position on exclusivity clauses, especially the ones related to e-commerce.

traditional indonesian snack creations, entrepreneurship learning media, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This research seeks to provide a meaningful entrepreneurship learning experience for students, and to increase cultural literacy, especially concerning traditional snacks among students, the millennial generation with the tendency of showing antipathy to traditional snacks. This research used a qualitative design with data collection techniques of documentation, questionnaires, and interviews. The informants were students of the Elementary School Teacher Education study program at PGRI University of Palembang who attended entrepreneurship course, amounted to 36 students. The research results showed that the implementation of learning media in the form of traditional Indonesian snack creations has provided opportunities for students to gain valuable lessons that they might not have obtained in entrepreneurship learning through theory and discussion in the classroom, the entrepreneurial activities ran well which more than 80% of students made a profit in their entrepreneurial activities, and the students’ entrepreneurship learning outcomes increased in line with the implementation of learning media of traditional Indonesian snack creations.

keywords. effective delegation, motivation, responsibility, manager, business, activities, responsibility, time, motivation., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Abstract. Time management is a primary issue in managers’ job. The implementation of the advantages enables the manager to neglect all those tasks that hinder the fulfilment of more important tasks that can be done by others or should be left for later. The main role in the continuity of the work process has the manager, who manages the entire process. Delegation of tasks is one of the essential skills of effective management, which is becoming more and more a priority of managerial staffs. One key element of the manager is to find the right people for the right tasks. Successful managers are those who can get the best performance from subordinates. To achieve this, besides the information, knowledge and tools which they give to subordinates, they must also motivate them. At the same time, effective delegation requires that the authority for the use of resources be equal to the responsibility given to delegates. The purpose of this research is to identify how much effective delegation enables managers to have more time for priority activities. To achieve this, in the paper was discussed the process of delegating of 135 business managers in financial and insurance activity in Kosovo. In order to obtain the right information on the attitudes and the way of delegation from the managers of these businesses, was used a survey of 135 business managers. The results of this study proved H.1 hypothesis. Effective delegation enables managers to have more time for priority activities.

sports colleges and universities, visual recognition system, creativity and performance, color language, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The university visual identification system is an extension of the enterprise visual image identification system, which displays the university visual brand image jointly through the logo, standard color, standard font, auxiliary graphics and standard combination. As far as the visual image recognition system of sports colleges and universities is concerned, the refinement, digitization and standardization of the image are important means to realize the visual symbol of sports characteristics and its attached value and cultural connotation. This article from the perspective of visual communication design, following the integration and fine-tuning and complement, using the theory of the method of literature study method, graphic method and contrast method, etc, has carried on the induction summary to the visual image of sports colleges and universities at home and abroad, taking Wuhan sports college as an example, discusses the basic connotation of Visual identification system, Wuhan institute of physical education including signs, standard colors, fonts, graphics and standards, etc., and the design result is given.

dignity, exclusion, federalism, inclusion, madhesh movement, and nation-building, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The study aims to explore the genesis and the role of the Madhesh movement on state-restructuring in Nepal as well as challenges. This social movement erupted in January 2007 in the Tarai/Madhesh (southern plain terrain) region of Nepal after the issues of federalism and proportional representation were not included in the Interim Constitution. The data collection of this empirically-based study was carried out through In-depth interviews with participants (politicians, journalists, and ordinary people) of the movement, and direct observation. The Madheshi community as the excluded community in Nepal seemed to have angered against state-sponsored discrimination and exclusion that had been occurring for centuries. Madheshis were treated as non-Nepali; though the history of Nepal’s Tarai/Madhesh has been old. The movement was spontaneous to a large extent against the state's prejudices and discriminations. This movement brought the changes, promoting social justice and equality in essence, and Madheshis / minorities’ rights and inclusion in particular. As a result, the number of electoral constituencies was increased as it reached 120 in Tarai/Madhesh while it was 80 only; the representation of Madheshi and other minorities in the political arena reached 35 % and more, while it was 20% only. The main output of this movement was that it contributed to ensuring the principle of inclusion and federalism as a political system.

organizational culture, work discipline, employee performance, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Performance problems are of course inseparable from the process of results and efficiency, in this case performance or work performance is the quality and quantity of work achieved by an employee in carrying out his duties in accordance with the responsibilities given to him. Many factors influence employee performance, both from within and from within the organization where the employee works. Of the many aspects that are considered important in employee performance, they can be classified into two factors, namely organizational culture and discipline. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze Work Discipline on Employee Performance at PT. BFI Finance Indonesia Tbk. simultaneously or partially. This study usesmethods descriptive and verificationwhere the population is drawn from the employees of PT.BFI Finance Indonesia Tbk, by using a saturated sampling technique in sampling, this is done because the population is relatively small. Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, coefficient of determination, and hypothesis testing. Based on the calculation of the coefficient of determination and hypothesis testing, it shows that organizational culture has a significant effect on employee performance variables, work discipline has a significant effect on employee performance variables and simultaneously there is a significant effect of organizational culture and work discipline on employee performance.

moral conduct, ethical dilemmas, deontological code, social work, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The most acute symptom of modernity is the ethical component of society, the so-called spiritual crisis. The essence of moral crisis consists in reducing religiosity; the major effects of diminishing religiosity are: blind obsession for money, selfishness, proliferation of the lack of honesty, decline of the family as a social institution, public proliferation of sexuality, increase of discord, amplification of conflicts of all kinds (between individuals, between the individual and society, between social groups, between generations). The real world alienated itself and even broke away entirely from the world of spiritual, social and moral life. Nowadays, we talk about science, politics, religion, culture, economics, as if they were different fields, as if the involvement of a problem from one field into another field would not be allowed. In this sense, culture should not be involved in matters of science, morality cannot be compatible with business; and in politics we cannot guide ourselves by moral principles. Such attitudes lead to antisocial and deviant patterns of behavior: lying, violence, discrimination, corruption, tax evasion, crime etc.

social adaptation, veterans, civilian field, subjective and objective indicators of social adaptation., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This paper presents the classical and modern sociological approaches to the analysis of social adaptation and integration; the features of social adaptation of veterans of armed conflicts are revealed. The methodology for measuring the levels of social adaptation of veterans of armed conflicts is presented and tested. It has been found that the majority of Ukrainian veterans has the middle level of social adaptation (39%); they currently need support from society in order to finally adapt to civilian life. 33% of veterans have not adapted to civilian life; such veterans usually do not have a job/housing/family/children. 28% of Ukrainian veterans have high level of social adaptability.

public green open space, vitality, cultural meaning, historical site., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Characteristics and cultural understanding of visitors, was developed into a public green open space (PGOS). Urban PGOS is one of the elements that form the shape of the city. On the other hand, in the context of historical and cultural developments, public spaces in smaller cities or areas are the center of social activity as a pragmatic space for social and cultural interaction. As a result, social interaction function becomes the first function and there is a shift from a communal into a more individualized function of exposure or exhibition. These differences lead to a shift in the function and meaning of the function, as well as the existence of the public space, causing a redefinition of the public space where the soul is located. The addition of new functions, which have different characters and characteristics, to the existing functions, is necessary to examine in-depth, especially the use and understanding of adding functions so that the public open green space and the historic site in it can still be run in the corridor expected to provide public space appropriately in terms of principle and popular culture context. However, over time, the urban public green open space has experienced a shift because the function of the initial idea was built first with the phenomenon of the utilization and meaning of space by the community that existed before. This paper presents a critical analysis of how the design of the public open green space design developed from a historic site forms the dynamics of cultural meaning, how the historical site survives its functional vitality, and how important the place is in the realm of meaning to be built.

second language learning, efl, technology, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The paper examines the integration of technology into various language learning aspects, mainly how technology can enhance language learning and teaching. The focus is on selected studies that highlight the significant role of technology in promoting higher levels of motivation, enhancing language input, contextualizing the language learning process through access to various cultural materials, improving learners’ L2 attitudes and enhancing better language teaching instruction. In examining these areas, we hope to provide pedagogical insights that would help practitioners and curriculum developers to utilize technology in an effective way to promote a better language learning experience.

circular economy, sustainable development, microenterprise role, risks, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Over the last decades, a high degree of importance was given to the sustainable development of our world. At European level, the European Union developed a series of standards and fiscal regulations in order to support the achievement of sustainable development goals. An important step is the transition from a linear economy to a circular economy and a primary role in this transition is played by the adaptation of design and manufacturing processes to modern environmental and energy efficiency standards. This process of transformation can be achieved either by an internal department working within the company or by a specialised third-party consulting company. The second option is preferable due to the fact that it does not require a further specialisation process for some employees in order to enable the company to develop a project. As a response to these market requirements, at a European level, within the Common Market, specialised consulting companies started to emerge and develop. This paper details the role and the risks a consulting services microenterprise active in the field of eco-design and eco-manufacturing has to assume in the current socio-economic context; particularly in regard to factors that facilitate the transition from a linear economy to a circular economy.

leadership, organizational culture, system communication, human capital, productivity, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The rationale of this have a see at was to decide the association between authority, organizational culture and communication framework on human capital execution and suggestion on efficiency upgrade at the Secretariat of the Regional People’s Representative Council. The approach utilized is quantitative the utilize of way examination strategy. The amount of respondents is 102 people who are workers of the Secretariat of the Regional People’s Representative Council. The see at was carried out starting from checking out considers contraptions, checking out theories both for halfway connections, synchronous connections and coefficient of determination, at that point the remaining degree changed into inspected for the achievability of a considers show based completely on a few measures, particularly: hypothetical plausibility, exactness of estimation of the parameters, informative capability and estimating capacity. From the examination results, it is discovered that leadership (X1), organizational culture (X2) and communication system (X3), human capital (Y) and productivity (Z) have a huge impact.

inflation, exchange rate, interest rate, stock price index, consumer goods industry sector, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This research essentially aims to examine the extent to which macroeconomic variables (including inflation, exchange rate, and interest rate) have a significant influence on stock price index and the level of significance for that influence. The researchers focused more on consumer goods industry companies that are listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) within 2015 until 2019, with consideration for the stock price of consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) as claimed to be the most defensive stock. This study finds that inflation, exchange rate, and interest rate, as composite variables, have a significant influence on stock price index. A partial test revealed that inflation, and exchange rate have negative significant influence on stock price index, while interest rate is found to be nonsignificant.

work discipline, employee benefits, employee productivity, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Performance productivity is a result of work that can be achieved by a person or group of people in an organization both quantitatively, according to their respective responsibilities and responsibilities, in an effort to achieve organizational goals, in which there is an intrinsic element that must be achieved first. in order to provide stimulation for increased performance. The intrinsic elements include the provision of allowances and work discipline. Providing allowances to employees is one of the main things that must be considered by the Bandung Geological Survey Center, because if employees do not get remuneration in accordance with the amount of sacrifice in work, then there is a potential for a decrease in discipline and an impact on performance productivity. This research is included in the category of causal associative research using a quantitative approach. Causal associative research is research that aims to determine the influence between two or more variables. This study will explain the relationship affecting and being influenced by the variables to be studied, namely the influence of allowances and work discipline variables on the productivity variables of the Bandung Geological Survey Center. The research design was carried out in a cross- sectional manner using a quantitative approach. This research was conducted at the Bandung Geological Survey Center. The results of hypothesis testing using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with the smart PLS method found that the employee productivity variables at the Bandung Geological Survey Center were influenced by the influence of work discipline (27.34%) and the provision of allowances (9.07%) on employee productivity at the Bandung Geological Survey Center. The results of the study conclude that an expectation of productivity from performance which is influenced by discipline and provision of allowances is in accordance with the implementation of good governance as a form of bureaucratic reform that will further improve the performance of the Bandung Geological Survey Center itself.

community participation, disaster management, tsunami disasters, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Currently, the biggest incidence of disasters caused 426 people’s death in West Java is tsunami in the coast of Sunda Strait. One of the causes is unsuitable coastal layout managements. The participation of community in disaster management is needed to accelerate the recovery situation. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of the Pandeglang’s community participation in recovering tsunami disasters. The method of the research is qualitative with description design. The results are the communities of Pandeglang District, the village’s head and the district’s head had had the collaboration how to involve the participation in disaster management of tsunami disaster starting from: 1) preparedness and mitigation program were starting from making planning program until finishing it, at the pre-disaster period; 2) communities have participated in making post commands, helping in evacuation of the disaster’s victims and distributing many kinds of relief materials to the disaster’s victims actively at the emergency response response; 3) most of the disaster’s victims had collaborated to occupy the temporarily shelters and followed the back to normal life programs, at the post disaster period. Although the participation of Pandeglang community was not going as well as the Pandeglang Administration’s District suggestions, but the important thing is most of them had participated actively. The conclusions of this research are: 1) the community participated and embroiled on the pre-disaster period, emergency response, and post-disaster period; 2) the level of the community’s participation in Pandeglang District had achieved on acting together levels.

abortion traumas, children, the procreation, political and social life, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

In the political and social life of the last centuries, almost every social aspect has been debated in a context of political influences and interests, of the opposition of different groups of more or less political nature. The family has always been the most favorable environment for the birth and perfection of the human being. The procreation, care, upbringing and preparation for life of a new creature have been and are a fundamental concern of any family. Children represent the "golden fund of a people" and maintain the natural human potential, give natural and spiritual strength to a people. One of the aspects that received special attention was the right of women to have a say in their own reproduction, namely the right of women to choose whether or not to keep a pregnancy. Immoral in terms of the Church, outlawed by the legislation of some states, the right to abortion has had a sinuous evolution on the social scene of many states. This issue has many political, moral and social connotations, being politically regulated differently by different states.

crime, evil, corruption, philosophy and government, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Hannah Arendt argued that evil is all too frequently the product of normal citizens following the principles and prescriptions of a morally corrupt government. However, is it acceptable to blame the public organizing structure of the state or the bureaucracy as the source of rampant corruption? Through a documentary analysis based on the systematic examination and review of key sources published in various sources, it may conclude that corruption is a form of banal crime after Arendt's line of thought about the banality of crime, since the individuals involved are unable to think objectively and judge in a reflective and representative way. They blindly follow the orders of superiors and the old corrupt laws or the method of work.

communication, organisation, performance, interaction., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

In circumstances of constantly changing concepts related to the organisation as well as the progress of its performance and behaviour, communication has become a focus of many researchers who have consistently analyzed it in relation to organisations of various forms. This study aims to assess the role of communication and interaction in enhancing organisational performance. This study involved 607 respondents employed in banks and insurance companies. The methodology used for this study was the integration of quantitative methods. We have used two instruments in this study, one questionnaire to measure the role of communication and interaction and the other one organisational performance.

communication, deaf and hearing people, social relations, social status, attitudes., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The communication isolation to which deaf people are exposed often influences the building of social relations and determines their social position. The paper presents research on the position of deaf people caused by communication and social factors. The sample consisted of deaf (n=127) and hearing (n=99) respondents. In the evaluation of the results was used descriptive and factor analysis. The research isolated communication discriminatory factors and factors of discrimination in the evaluation of social functions, based on which it can be concluded that communication plays a key role in building social relations of deaf people, but also that their position is conditioned stereotypical and discriminatory attitudes of the hearing environment.

blm (black lives matter), defunding, hostility, injustice, racism, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

With the recent revival of the Black Lives Matter movement reaching all corners of the world, I wanted to dive deeper into the topic and figure out what the stem issues were. More precisely, I set my eyes on unearthing what kind of correlation the police force had with the movement. What made the movement change so much this year compared to the Black Lives Matter movement in 2014? Did the cops have any influence on this change? Through my thorough research, I concluded that the decisions made by the police force has influenced both the aim of the Black Lives Matter movement and the purpose as a whole. Due to the conflicts between the police and protesters all over the world, the aim of the Black Lives Matter movement has shifted to future police implications; for the first time in movement history, advocates fought for the defunding of police. Instead of solely focusing on systematic racism and police brutality, protesters spread awareness for topics like defunding the police and removing the usage of loaded firearms. Compared to 2014’s movement, which focused on systematic racism and injustice, this year’s movement saw a great uprising of police animosity.

organizational citizenship behavior for environment, leadership style, organizational culture, work motivation, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Organizational Citizenship Behavior for Environment (OCBE) is very important to encourage the achievement of a Green Organization. This study aims to determine the effect of Leadership Style, Organizational Culture and Work Motivation on OCBE in two groups of workers, namely generation X and generation Y. This type of research is a quantitative research with a survey method with a sample of 86 employees in the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance. Analysis of research data using SEM-PLS. The results of this study indicate that Leadership Style, Organizational Culture, and Work Culture have an effect on employee OCBE either directly or simultaneously on generation Y employees but in the group X generation employees it is proven that Organizational Culture has no effect on OCBE.

evaluation, implementation, school operational assistance, anambas, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The purpose of this research is to see and evaluate a policy that has been implemented by the Anambas Regency, Riau Islands Province regarding regional operational assistance in a school. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method with interview data collection techniques, surveys and documentation and data analysis techniques used in the study include three streams of activity, namely: data reduction, data presentation (display data), and conclusion / verification (conclusion drawing / verification). The result of this research is that regional operational assistance which is distributed to schools needs to be reviewed because many do not match the portion of the school because the inappropriate amount makes school operational assistance funds large and not on target.

political sophistication, political power, international relations, political perception, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The aim of this paper is to create a comprehensive image of power at the beginning of the XXI-st century. The research objectives are related to: i. the radiography of the perception of the political power regarding the main actors: USA, Russian Federation and China; ii. the identification of the relationship between global economy conditions, terrorist attacks and the dynamics of the political power in international arena; iii. the estimation of the magnitude of the statistical correlation between economic development, democratic order and the perception of the political power in international sphere. The research design is obviously quantitative, being based on descriptive statistics and linear and non-linear equations of regressions for estimating the main predictors and vectors which could influence the perception of the power. We use comparative case studies between USA, Russian Federation and China for exploring several associations between independent factors and the perception of the power and influence in the international context. Regarding the empirical findings, we have to stress that China’s power and influence are related with cyber-attacks from other countries (r = 0.707, p < 0.01) and USA’s power and influence are related with the conditions of the global economy ( r = 0.594, p = 0.01). Regarding the perception of the Russian Federation’s power and influence, we can observe linear associations with cyber-attacks (r = 0.605, p = 0.01) and flawed democratic order (r = 0.429, p= 0.02). Empirical findings reflect a new political geometry in the international arena, where the classical system is replaced by a multipolar model with two dominant political actors: USA and China. Synthesising, this article reflects the importance of the political perception and the political psychology in the sphere of international relations, where we can make the distinction between real and potential (or perceived) political power. This new geometry implies a new level of significance and a new semiotic strategy for interpreting both subjective and objective facts of the political world.

fish-eating, physical fitness, somatic constitution, school achievements, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Easily digestible and low-calorie fish products are important components of a proper human diet. The main aim of the study was to assess the relationship between somatic constitution, physical fitness and school grades and the consumption of fish products by junior high school students . The research was carried out at Junior High Schools No. 8 and 9 in Rzeszów, in the school year 2014/2015. The mean age of examined girls was 13.96 ± 0.26, and boys - 13.97 ± 0.31 years. 118 students (58 girls and 60 boys) participated in the study. Basic somatic parameters were measured and tests concerning motor skills from the Eurofit test were performed. A short survey on the consumption of fish products by students was conducted and information on the results of junior high school final exams were obtained. The research showed that boys who have not consumed any fish products or had them rarely in their diet featured a taller body height. The opposite phenomenon was observed in the population of girls. In the group of boys, better exam results in selected subjects were achieved by those consuming fish less often, i.e. once a week or not at all. In the case of the females this phenomenon is only observed in relation to the exam in the school subject called Nature. The analysis of variance carried out in terms of the frequency of fish consumption showed that depending on the amount of fish products in the respondents' diet, the gender significantly differentiates the level of physical fitness of examined girls and boys (except for tapping).

police, judge, interests, situation, condition, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This study aims to investigate the factors that influence the giving of discretion by police officers in the field in providing services to the public or when carrying out their functions and duties and responsibilities. Discretion is a phenomenon like Noumena. As a phenomenon, the empirical context of Discretion can be detected by the human senses. As a noumena, Discretion is in the context of the inner intentions and emotional conflicts of the discretion maker. Discretion is found in almost all aspects of human life, even doing an action or not doing an action can be categorized as Discretion. This Literature Study uses descriptive qualitative methods with results ; (1). Discretion tends to damage the normal structure of solving a problem, (2). Discretion is a method (mission) to make a balance between existing situations and conditions (reality) with expected situations and conditions (vision). (3). Discretionary actions relate to the interests of many parties, (4). Discretion must be carried out by the right person, in the right place, and at the right time.

interpersonal communication, organizational citizenship behavior (ocb), servant leadership, trust in leadership, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of servant leadership and trust in leadership on interpersonal communication and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). In addition, this study also aims to analyze the role of interpersonal communication as a mediation on the effect of servant leadership and trust in leadership on OCB among employees at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Udayana University. This study uses an associative approach with a locus at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Udayana University. So that the population of this research is all 122 employees of the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Udayana, and the sample is taken with saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis. The results showed that servant leadership and trust in leadership had a positive and significant effect on interpersonal communication. Likewise, servant leadership, trust in leadership, and interpersonal communication also have a positive and significant effect on OCB. Interpersonal communication has also been shown to significantly mediate the effect of servant leadership and trust in leadership on OCB.

flexible working arrangement, social media, self-efficacy, work-life balance, work engagement, pandemic, work for home., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The first research objective is to examine and analyze the effect of flexible work arrangements (FWA) on lecturer work involvement. The second one is to test and analyze the influence of social media on lecturer work involvement. The third one is to test and analyze the effect of self-efficacy on job involvement. The population in this research was those who work at home during a pandemic. The sample size in this study was 55 samples. The analysis technique used Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of this study was that Flexible work arrangements have no effect on employee work engagement. Social media have no effect on employee work engagement. Self-efficacy has a positive effect on employee work engagement. Employee work life balance has a positive effect on employee work engagement. Self-efficacy does not affect work engagement through the level of work life balance of employees. The limitation in this research is that employees work for home because of the pandemic and they live in Indonesia.

district offices, human resources performance, public service, training and development, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The services provided to the community by local governments in general and district governments must be oriented towards the satisfaction of community services. One of the indicators in the public service is the ability of the officers to provide excellent services. If the community feels satisfied with the services provided by the district government officials, their performance will be considered good, and vice versa, if the community is not satisfied, the performance of the district government officials will be considered poor. In the provision of public services, especially those carried out at district offices, government agencies often face obstacles that cause people to be dissatisfied with the services they provide. This study aims at answering the questions of how the community perceive the service that they receive from the district staff, what obstacles are often encountered by the employees in terms of services at the district offices, and what efforts should be made by district institutions to improve the quality of public service. This study uses a phenomenological approach from a qualitative research design by applying semi structured interviews in data collection. The research proved that the competence of civil servants on public service can be improved through training and development program after conducting the Training Needs Analysis (TNA) so that the training can be conducted effectively and relevant to the employees’ needs. This study contributes significantly to the quality improvement of the government employees and the public service at the district level. In addition, the results of this study can be used as input for authorized institutions in the improvement of the human resources performance.

crowdsourcing, crisis management, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The study aims at indicating the relation between the crowd sourcing and crisis management from the perspective of the employees in the city soft drinks company in Gaza Strip, where the study community represents all 60 workers in the company. A simple random sample of "40" agents was selected, using a comprehensive survey method. The study followed the analytical descriptive approach, based on the identification of a data collection tool, and concluded a number of findings, the most important of which were: A positive correlation between crowd sourcing and crisis management in the company, and it was found that the company was doing crowdsourcing with a high relative weight of 85.06%. It was found that collaboration with the public was very high (86.64%), communication with the public and information gathering was very high (86.42%), and the company's ability to classify information with a very high relative weight of (84.83%), Its ability to choose alternatives was high (82.08%), and the company's ability to manage crises with a high relative weight (83.73%). The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the sample's responses to the relationship of collective counting dimensions, "communication and information gathering from the public, selection of alternatives" to "crisis management, but age-varying dimensions" classification of information, and collaboration with the public, the overall degree of crowd sourcing" was in favor of age (From 20–less than 35), the study also recommended that a behavioral information portfolio be found to monitor the marketing behavior of the public toward the business of the company. And to provide a firm’s crisis management department or committee to leverage the crowd outsourcing of expected crises effectively.

motivation, work environment, employee performance., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This study aims to determine how motivation and work environment to the performance of employees of PT. Bivouac Outdoor Equipment Bandung, as well as to find out how much influence Motivation and Work Environment on Employee Performance at PT Bivouac Outdoor Equipment Bandung, either partially or simultaneously. The research method used in this research is descriptive calculation method and verification method. As for the population is all employees of PT. Bivouac Outdoor Equipment, amounting to 50 people with the same number of samples as the population because the number of population is less than 100 people. The results showed that the motivation was considered good and the work environment was considered good. Simultaneously, Motivation and Work Environment affect Employee Performance at PT Bivouac Outdoor Equipment Bandung.

teacher competence, teaching practice, covid-19 pandemic, 4.0 era, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The purpose of this study is to describe the role of accounting teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic and the 4.0 era by implementing pedagogic and personality competencies to build an appropriate online learning atmosphere for students. In a situation that does not provide certainty, the world of education must be more resilient and prepare all learning needs in any condition. The role of teachers in difficult times like this is very much needed, so that the aspect of teacher readiness is a major factor in the success of a lesson. In this study using a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through interviews that were set online. Qualitative data analysis was carried out in stages: Data Reduction, Data Presentation, Conclusion Drawing and Verification. The results of the study show that the contribution of pedagogic competence and personality helps teachers to shape student attitudes and behavior in online learning. Competence pedagogic help teachers to decide strategies and teaching methods that will be implemented, knowing the characteristics of learners, helped draft the learning and use the profit to evaluate learning activities that teachers can assess online learning which based on the needs of their students. Meanwhile, personality competence is a natural competence that is inherent in a teacher so that the attitudes and actions shown by the teacher are always the attention of students to be imitated and followed.

communication, earbay, eviaryatiarbay, london school of public relation, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This study examined interpersonal communiation between perpetrators and victims of dating violence. Interpersonalcommunication that carried by 3 survivors who will also tell what has been said by perpetrator through their experiences. The research conducted by deep interview with all of subjects those as participants and a psychologist. In order to get the core words of the languange that has been used when communicating with each other. That implies interpersonal communication is important as way to read how by using certain words or sentences in interpersonl communication can build something that has impact for one who spoken to person who in romance relationship. It can created self esteem, interdependence and secure feeling or as the opposite when dating violence occured; insecure, fear, shame, humiliate, less confidence or gaslighting. Those are the findings through particular evidences base on survivor narrated of interpersonal communication with perpetrator that has been told to researcher about how they were experiences dating violence, and physical evidences has proofed how it operates. The dating violence can perpetuated and have countless negative impact when the victims survivors still tolerate such behaviors from the perpetrator (boyfriend/lover), and do not aware that those abusive treatments are must not to be accepted.

krg, higher education system, reforming quality assurance teaching, banking method, critical thinking, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The main purpose of this paper is to explain the outcomes and tangible inputs of reforming of teaching and establishing a teaching quality assurance system. The article design takes on a mix-method is employed by applying qualitative methods in a series interviews carried out with five decision-maker polices in the Ministry of higher education institutions in the KRG and quantitative methods have been applied too; the data has been collected by questionnaire and the participations are teachers from Salahaddin University, the University of Sulaimani, the University of Duhok, Koya University and Soran University. The sample in this paper consists of 575 teachers from these institutions. The results of this exploratory paper shows that the outcomes of the reforming of teaching quality assurance principle which was not quite changes in content in the sides of quality of students, relationship between student-teacher, methods of teaching, learning and evaluation of students.

legal status, registration, foreign marriage, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This study aims to analyze the legal status of overseas marriage registration from the perspective of Indonesian marriage law. Law Number 16 of 2019, amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, states that marriages conducted by Indonesian citizens outside Indonesia are legal if carried out according to law. which applies in the country where the marriage is taking place and for Indonesian citizens does not violate the provisions of the Marriage Law. Furthermore, within 1 (one) year after the husband and wife return to the territory of Indonesia, proof of their marriage must be registered at the marriage registration office where they live. There is still a problematic status of the registration law, whether it makes the validity of the marriage or is it only limited to the administrative order. This research uses a conceptual approach, a statutory approach, a historical approach and a philosophical approach. Legal materials used in this study consist of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials which are normative in nature by searching, collecting and studying literature and documents, both conventionally and via the internet. The results of this study are the legal status of marriage registration abroad in the perspective of Indonesian marriage law, precisely in Article 56 of Law no. 16 of 2019 amendments to Law no. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, it can be concluded in general that the legal status of overseas marriage registration still does not provide legal certainty regarding the validity of marriage except for the extent of an administrative order. And there are three legal principles in Article 56 of the Marriage Law, namely: the lex patriae principle, the lex loci celebration principle and the principle of public order.

etiquette, linguistic etiquette (le), pragmatics, communication, politeness, speech behaviour, speech act, speech culture. formulas of linguistic etiquette, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This current article reviews the notion of ‘linguistic etiquette’ from a pragmatic perspective. Linguistic etiquette refers to the system of norms and rules of polite speech behaviour which maintains an observance that ensures the existence of polite communication and the appropriateness of the linguistic action in any communicative event. Particularly, this article aims to explore the nature of linguistic etiquette and identify its rules, principles, and strategies. The findings of this article demonstrated that all speakers of any linguistic background are always in need to develop a set of verbal and non-verbal etiquette behaviour rules, adopt them in certain social circles and conditions, adhere to them in any practice of communication, and avoid violating them. Besides, certain norms of verbal behaviours are established and enshrined specifically for a particular society and these norms are instilled in the members of this society during their early childhood. Such norms represent the basic formulas of linguistic etiquette that are implemented at different language levels. As a pragmatic and a sociolinguistic routine, linguistic etiquette falls under the concept of politeness. The elements of linguistic etiquette are present in every conversation. Further, linguistic etiquette consists of the principles of brevity, relevance, literacy, accuracy, and the correct attitude towards the interlocutor. Finally, the findings of the current article concluded that in order to master linguistic etiquette, the interlocutors should observe and pay attention to the features of ‘speech culture’ which include the correctness of speech, the logicality of speech, the purity of speech, the accuracy of speech, linguistic ‘weeds’, speech expressiveness, speech tone, and the rules of speech behaviour.

education, mincer, sudan, wage discrimination., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The impact of education on individual earnings has not been adequately discussed in the Sudanese literature. This paper estimates the rate of return on education by modeling individual-level Sudanese survey data for 2019. The importance of these data lies in the fact that they represent the period of Islamist rule in Sudan, which spanned thirty years and ended in April 2019 as a result of a peaceful youth popular revolution. A secondary aim is to trace how demographic characteristics (marital status, gender, locale) affect individual earnings. Results show, on average, an additional year of education increases individual earnings 4% (4.4% for men, 9.2% for women). Marital status exhibits the largest impact on Sudanese individual earnings, with married respondents’ earnings 78.7% more than singles. Almost 90% of the variation in wages is determined by all levels of education, and trade pays the highest wage among surveyed occupations. Mincer models prove that the return on education was significantly positive for occupations in healthcare and electricity and significantly negative in real estate.

financial management behavior, matrealism, financial knowledge, locus of control, financial attitude, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

A large number of female teachers in junior high schools shows that the role of women is becoming increasingly important in the family and society, so it is important for Financial Management Behavior. This type of research is explanative research using a quantitative approach. The sampling technique in this study using snowball sampling, so that 100 respondents were reached who became the respondents of this study. Financial attitude, financial knowledge, locus of control were found to have a significant positive effect on financial management behavior. Materialism was found to have no effect on the financial management of female junior high school teachers in Surabaya. The next finding is that financial knowledge affects the financial management of female junior high school teachers in Surabaya mediated by the locus of control.

post covid, universal basic income, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The development of AI industries, rapidly changing technologies, and the severe inequality of wealth in the current society have increased the relevance of “Universal Basic Income” (UBI), a welfare policy where the government distributes monetary sums to every member of society regardless of socioeconomic status. In Korean Society, this has been a political issue for years and debates have been going on. Basic income has emerged as a central topic in Korean politics in preparation for the "post-corona" era. With big-name politicians from the ruling and opposition parties expressing their views, it is the first time that a "welfare issue" has occupied the heart of the political discourse since the 2010 free school lunch debate. In this paper, the disparity of expectations of UBI and the reality showed during the pandemic will be assessed using five criteria: technical capability, economic capability, social and ethical capability, political capability, and administrative capability.

communication strategy, public relations, digital banking, image, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Challenges in the digital era have entered into various fields, including banking. The banking world, inevitably, has to adjust and transform to follow such developments. Public Relations plays an important role in educating the various parties who will be involved in this change. Public Relations is required to maintain the image and reputation of the institution it represents. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the strategy of public relations of PT. Bank Central Asia in building the corporate image through digital banking, using a qualitative research approach with a case study research method. Data collection techniques were conducted using in-depth interviews, observations, and relevant literature studies. The results show that PT Bank Central Asia is aware of the current era of technology disruption, and is moving to face dynamic changes and adapting to existing technological developments, in addition to also performing digital transformation. Public Relations strategies used through the use of digital banking to build an image include: a) research / data collection to determine the problems faced, then b) prepare a plan, c) implementation which includes promotion of digital banking and customer education, and d) evaluation to monitor the implementation that has been carried out whether it is in accordance with the objectives.

discretion, abuse of authority, state financial losses, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Discretion is the authority of government administration to face problems for which there are no regulations (eemten in het recht), and/or (vage norms) so that it requires explanation, interpretation, consideration of various related interests, and/ or because there are options that can be made in regulation. By government organs in carrying out their duties, namely discretionary authority. The limits on the use of discretionary powers must not deviate from and conflict with the rules above, in accordance with the hierarchy of laws and regulations, not violating human rights and obligations of citizens, not being used arbitrarily, still in the position of the scope of the basic regulations, used in a state of coercion/urgent for the sake of public welfare/interest, and based on the General Principles of Good Governance. Responsibility of Public Officials uses discretionary powers which results in detournement de pouvair with wederrechtelijkheid which results in losses to state finances.

farmers, information-seeking behaviour, maputo city, urban agriculture, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

In the agricultural sector, which is a pillar for the development of the world economy, and for family subsistence, having information is critical. The objective of this study is to analyse the information-seeking behaviour of farmers in Maputo City, Mozambique. A case study was conducted involving ten farmers from the KaMbukwana and KaMovata Municipal Districts. For the practice of agriculture, farmers in Maputo City largely depend on information from their fellow farmers and on government institutions as a reliable source. Other sources of information include television, workshops and non-governmental organisations. There is a high perception of relevancy of information for practice of agriculture; the farmers appeal for the use of information and communications technology as a mechanism to share information.

digital marketing, private universities, covid-19 pandemic, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This study aims at answering the question of how the experiences of each university in carrying out their marketing activities, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, what are the difficulties when they implement digital marketing and how do they get students after doing digital marketing. In this study, the phenomenological approach of the qualitative research design was employed. The data collection was carried out by semi-structured interviews to dig deeper into the experiences of informants consisting of 20 marketing representatives from private universities in the areas of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi (Jabodetabek). This research shows that digital marketing is an important factor to be able to promote private universities and get students during the Covid 19 pandemic. It is also very important to recruit skilled staff on IT. We can see a very significant difference between campuses that have experts to carry out digital marketing and those that don't. This can also be seen from the percentage of the number of students admitted during the Covid-19 pandemic, where the number of students enrolling in colleges with professional digital marketing did not show a decrease but on the contrary, there was a significant increase in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic.

enhancing professional development, internee, textile and apparel design, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Although our society is most dependent on the services of professionals, still the professions are facing problems with the reliability of knowledge in individuals. As there is an element of uncertainty in the minds of professionals. The same problem is being faced by design industry professionals. Juniors and students who have to ultimately work in an organization as professionals are so confused with the demands from the designers to fulfill needs of the tentative profession. Students of design often ask questions about their ability and power to take sound and responsible decisions to make an effective design to influence design industry. Students are aware of the complications of the design process, which follows a complete step by step process, from transforming an idea to a design of value that serves manufacturers as well as consumers. Designers have the responsibility to create aesthetic and functional design as well as to keep focus on sustainability and ethical side of design.

higher education, start-up, sustainable business, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This study aims at answering questions about what are the obstacles faced by students when running sustainable business and how universities should educate students so that they are not only able to build a business but also understand and be able to develop sustainable business in the start-ups they build. In this study, the phenomenological approach of the qualitative research design was employed. Data collection was carried out by semi-structured interviews to dig deeper into the experiences of informants consisting of 30 start-up student entrepreneurs. Interviews were also conducted with representatives of universities to obtain data related to the efforts of higher education institutions in educating students to be able to build sustainable business. This research shows that 5 variables namely Social and cultural attitude towards youth entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship education, Access to finance/start-up financing, Administrative and regulatory framework, and Business assistance and supports are barrier factors faced by start up entrepreneurs which need to be improved by universities in order that students can run sustainable business professionally.

vocational schools, marketing school offer, generation z, decision-making process, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Generation Z content consumption, sharing of information and decision-making process is continuously being studied by practitioners and academia; as it is still considered in its formation. This study sheds light on the decision-making process followed by applicants that have become part of a technical vocational school in Kosovo. This study uses the AIDA model to evaluate the process for Attention development, interest creation, desire formation and action taking. 115 respondents have been part of the study. The findings from the study showcase that word-of-mouth across friends and family are of pivotal importance to respondents for awareness generation activities. Following this, the applicants have undertaken further discussions with other friends and relatives, navigated the social media pages and the website of the school to best get informed prior to taking a decision to submit their application to the school.

conventional transportation phenomenon (city transportation), and on-line transportation, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This study aims to determine the phenomenon of city transport passengers still using city transportation (Angkot) as a preference for supporting social mobility activities. The method in this research is in the form of a case study with a qualitative approach, in which to see a picture of the phenomenon of conventional transportation in the digital era in terms of passenger rationality. The location of this research is Medan City and as a source of information related to the strategy for a real research picture, namely city transportation passengers. The type of population in this study, namely passengers from city transportation who were taken randomly, with the number of informants 35 passengers, the sampling was done purposively, and the key informants were the parties from the city transportation manager, in this case, PT Rahayu Medan Ceria (RCM) and the head of the office. Medan City Transportation Agency. Technique and data analysis by triangulation. Then also analyzed what words motivate the respondents to behave (think, feel, and act), reduce, triangulate, conclude, and verify (consult the respondent and peers again). The results and discussion in this study explain that conventional transportation is a serious problem in the future that must be solved. Policies can run effectively and efficiently and can solve the problems of conventional transportation for users. Social phenomena need attention, namely the adjustment of government policies, namely providers of good transportation service needs (cheap, safe, fast, smooth, orderly and orderly, comfortable and efficient) to be the answer to divert private vehicle users to transportation users. The decline in users of city transportation (angkot) as conventional transportation is caused by the presence of online transportation in Medan City, service facilities that are not well accepted by angkot passengers so they are reluctant to use public transportation and switch to choosing online transportation and government policies make it easier to own private vehicles with a credit system bank. In general, from the results of this study, it can be concluded that angkot passengers prefer public transportation as mobility support because the tariff is relatively cheap and is associated with convenience and other factors.

conventional marketing communication, personal selling, real estate and indonesian property., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This study aims to determine the marketing communication strategies, especially the use of conventional advertising and personal sales carried out by the company in the digital era. Amidst the widespread use of the latest and most sophisticated communication channels, Indonesia's property company is still consistent in using conventional promotional tools to reach its consumers. The method used in this research is a case study within-depth interview data collection techniques. The results showed that the company carries out advertising activities only through outdoor print media and carries out personal selling activities. In general, the company's goal-setting phase still focuses on sales direction and targets. The specified objectives also become one of the important benchmarks in the evaluation phase. These objectives will be reviewed and measured again at the end of the commercialization program carried out within a certain period.

pentecostalism, born again church, religious conflict, inter-church, power, spiral, uganda, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Extensive research has been done on Pentecostal churches over the past years. Several studies have focused on their history and robust growth, some on their economic and developmental ethos, while others have focused on their theological stances, and growing political influence in society. Amidst these kinds of studies, is the need to address the overt challenge posed by religious conflict among Pentecostal churches. Whereas there is growing scholarly interest in religious conflict among Christian churches, this has been narrowed to intra-church conflict. However, studies on inter-church conflict, between separate Pentecostal churches, that are independent of each other, are rare. Yet inter-church feuds and conflicts among Pentecostal churches in Uganda occupy a significant part of public space and discourses. Through analysis of both print and electronic media reports and engagement with twenty key informant interviewees, this article sought to establish and analyse the nature, manifestations and root causes of inter-church conflict between Pentecostal churches in Uganda. The study established that Pentecostal pastors are not only the major protagonists of inter-church conflicts but also act as collective agents for the churches in conflict. The study further established that religious conflicts among Pentecostal churches are caused by different ideological inclinations, theological differences notwithstanding, but mainly by the desire to dominate the religious market and by power struggle dynamics within the religious leadership. This tension has a particular impact on society given pastors’ visibility, access to media and their public action in the Ugandan context.

handwriting, validation, arabic writing, bhk, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Handwriting is a complex skill that has been developing over time. To learn handwriting, children need to combine motor skills, memory, attention, visuomotor integration and other cognitive functions. The readability of writing can affect teachers' assessment of academic achievement and children's self-esteem about their ability to produce texts. Referring to the practice of Tunisian school education we find that there I a lack of scientific references to discern when the difficulties of Handwriting transits from normality to abnormality. So far we have no scale of criteria evaluating this gesture in Arabic writing. The aim of this study is to have a means of evaluating the performance of Handwriting of the Tunisian student in two measurable dimensions namely quality and speed. Thus, we undertake a validation methodology of a measurement tool on a population with varied characteristics and ordinarily representative of the Tunisian child in the six levels of primary school (age: 6.6 - 11.8). In fact, we chose to validate the Brave Handwriting Kinder (BHK) from its French version translated by Charles, Soppelsa&Albaret in (2003). The scale also makes it possible to establish a rapid and early diagnosis of writing disturbances of the child and thus to identify premature disorders related to the functions of Handwriting.

self-immunity . ritual traditional . motives . symbolic communication, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Culturally, self-immunity is one of the diversity of traditional communication in Indonesia. Self-immunity, the ritual has an integrated interaction of the relationship of Islamic teachings with traditional values. The self-immunity communication, beginning with salvation prayer is integrated with the medium. Such as the use of machetes, swords, drums, tambourines, to forms of self-courage testing with the power given from the ancestors to hurt limbs. The research is focused on expressing the motives and symbols exploration and meanings of self-immunity ritual communication. Through a phenomenological communication approach and a qualitative interpretive paradigm with data collection techniques on interviews supported by observations based on the symbolic communication perspective. The motives experienced Indigenous community due to the soul calling, willingness to preserve indigenous and ancestral culture, and self-appreciation seeking that has value and beliefs affects the Indigenous community life. The meaning as a plea to Allah, respect to ancestors, and the spirit of struggle based on the self-immunity ritual communication procession, starting with clan house, sacred tombs, self-cleansing, self-courage testing, and fabric on the neck.

agriculture, growth and development, employment, input and output table, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The agricultural sector in developing countries is the main engine of economic growth and development. Developing countries can go to their agricultural sector to overcome the crisis of underdevelopment, and while trying to expand agricultural production, they are thinking of combining this sector with advanced technologies in order to make their products more efficient. Due to its extensive connections with other economic sectors, this sector can provide the ground for wealth production, market creation, currency exchange and industry growth with its growth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of production-economic relations in the agricultural sector of Iran. In this regard, the impact of development policy and growth of the agricultural sector on employment, total economic output and other economic sectors has been evaluated. The methodology of this research has been done with the approach of input and output table and social accounting matrix. The analysis is based on the approach of technical coefficients, Leontief coefficients, backward and forward linkages and employment coefficients. Results show that there are strong linkages between the "Agriculture and Horticulture" and "Livestock and Fisheries" sectors and the "Agriculture and Horticulture" sector has a strong and rapid impact on the final demand of the "Chemical Industries" sector as well as the "Livestock and "Fishing" has had a strong and rapid impact on the final demand of the "Livestock and Fisheries" sector. The backward and forward linkages of the agriculture section in the economy are at a moderate level and this sector has a high coefficient and potential in job creation and in line with strategies to reduce unemployment with lower investment has the ability to create high employment.

electronic laboratory, electronic technologists, skills retraining programmes., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The dynamic nature of the world had resulted in state of the art electronics gadgets. This has led to calls for periodic analysis of the skills retraining programmes of electronic laboratory technologists in Universities. The study adopted the survey research design. The target population for the study was 68electronic laboratory technologists. A 60task items structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by three experts and a reliability coefficient of 0.72 obtained. Data were collected and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, version, 24). Mean, standard deviation, Cronbach’s Alpha, and principal component analysis were the statistical tools used for data analysis. Findings in the study revealed that 5 major skills retraining programmes are often deployed by electronic laboratory technologists and therefore requires module development. The study therefore recommend that a committee of experts should be inaugurated urgently to design a comprehensive module for electronic laboratory technologists that will include these five major skills retraining programmes and should be reviewed periodically.

tangible cultural heritage, intangible cultural heritage, dark tourism, post-war tourism, remnants of war, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The Biak battle was part of World War II and fought by the United States Army and the Japanese Army in 1944. Out of the 24,000 soldiers from both sides involved in the war, 6,600 were killed; 6,100 of them were the Japanese soldiers. Remnants of war and remains of the fallen soldiers scattered in post-war Biak. The war zone then started to get visits from the Japanese for pilgrimage, remnants of war were unearthed and human remains were cremated and repatriated. The battlefield drew more tourists’ interest for the dark tourism experience. Remnants of war became valuable tangible items while war history and mystical cave atmosphere became intangible items. The study aimed at exploring issues in importance and preservation of tangible and intangible in support to post-war Biak tourism. It turned out that the post-war tangible and intangible heritage in Biak require better handling and management in support to post-war Biak tourism sustainability.

politic, criminal law, the criminal sanction, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Politics in criminal law is one part of a law development plan that is carefully designed with due Regard to the accompanying aspects that Pancasila as the basis of the state becomes a source of Substantive values including the number and sources of law. Criminal law is considered good if it meets and complies with the values community and to fulfill a sense of justice in the community in accordance with the times that one side overrides the principle of legality, but the other side also prioritizes living law. This is evident in the provisions of the criminal sanctions under Article 378 of the KUHP. This article aims to find out the Political Law of Criminal Sanctions Article 378 of the Criminal Code in Reforming the National Criminal Law. Sanctions that are deemed not fulfilling a sense of justice that is only a Maximum of 4 years imprisonment cause socio-biological, philosophical and juridical problems. The results of research on several provisions of Fraud (Bedrog) and fraudulent acts in national legislation as well as the opinions of experts can be concluded that the reformulation of the formulation of sanctions in Fraud (Article 378) in the Criminal Code Law in the future can be put in (Chapter XXV Concerning Fraud) by imposing new sanctions. Namely fines and heavier imprisonment if they meet the new elements that have been formulated.

non-discrimination, hate speech, right of reply, protection of minors., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

At no time before has the focus on the role of the media and its impact on political decision making and social construction been more necessary than during this era of ‘fake news’. Competent, thoughtful, verifiable, and unbiased news reporting is the hallmark of a well-functioning news media. This paper describes the necessary and fundamental requirements for professional journalism as well as the legal obligations to guarantee a proficient media. Using EU regulations and those of the Republic of North Macedonia, the authors illustrate the importance of media regulation to assure that the rights of individuals, social, political, and religious groups are protected from the abuses that can result from unprofessional journalistic practices. Furthermore, the authors also stress the importance of media regulations to safeguard minors from content that could considered abusive and/or detrimental to their development.

philosophy, philosophy of science and philosophy of law, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

Science is a process and a product of knowledge which contains explanations of various phenomena that are the object of it’s study. Philosophy is a science with it’s own degree, it tries to find and find truth at a radical level, trying to find the deepest causes of everything that exists as far as it exists. Philosophy of science and philosophy of law are part of philosophy. Philosophy of science is a science of philosophy whose object is a particular science, it examines all matters relating to the practice of science while philosophy of law is a philosophy of philosophy whose object is legal norms, it studies all matters relating to law. Based on this fact, philosophy is the parent of the philosophy of science and philosophy of law.

tax court, invention of law, legal vacuum, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The largest source of income for the Indonesian state to date is from taxes and other levies, because it’s coercive and for the purposes of the state it must be regulated by law, which is authorized for implementation by officials of the Directorate General of Taxes and officials of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, but in its application it can there is a dispute. For this reason, dispute resolution through the Tax Court is needed which is expected to create justice and legal certainty. There are 2 (two) problems, namely 1) The executorial power of the decision of the Judge of the Tax Court Council, 2) The provision of interest compensation for excess payments after the decision of the Panel Judge at the Tax Court in the Customs sector. This research is a juridical normative, which uses a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, a case approach, a historical approach, a comparative approach and a philosophical approach. Regarding the decision of the Tax Court which has executorial power, a system of payment and return that is fast and impartial should be needed, namely a place for depositing deposits of funds managed by a third party. Regarding the legal vacuum due to the nonregulation of interest compensation for overpayments in the Customs Law, the Tax Court judges should be able to find the law.

military, defense diplomacy, border, strategy, border security, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The Indonesia-Malaysia border has been a part of cooperation since Malaysia's independence in 1957. The development of a dynamic strategic environment such as boundary violations followed by trans-national crime has made no country immune to international crime. On the other hand, border security efforts require the cooperation of the two countries. Whereas cooperation between the two countries requires clarity of boundaries. The border protection measures carried out by patrol, maintenance and border security are defense efforts through Military Operations Other Than War. According to Cottey and Foster, defense diplomacy is an effort to prevent conflict carried out by the military in the form of diplomacy carried out both in peacetime and in wartime. Delimitation is known in securing the boundary, namely the political efforts of two countries that agree to a boundary based on an agreement on paper related to existing documents. then demarcation is the effort of two countries to establish national borders by establishing border stakes. Finally, the administrative process, which is the effort of the two countries in managing the border region, to become a common and mutually beneficial space and at the same time secure the borders of the two countries. What is the relevance of border security as an instrument of defense diplomacy? How is defense diplomacy carried out as part of a defense strategy? To analyze the research questions above, a qualitative-descriptive research method was conducted. As a result, as Military Operations Other Than War, border security is an inevitable part of border diplomacy in the context of preventing conflict and maintaining Indonesian sovereignty as part of Indonesia's defense. Diplomacy is carried out in informal ways within the scope of expert working groups in the field through military to military contact, and TNI relations with civil society both Indonesia and Malaysia. Expert Working Group such as the efforts of experts from the Directorate of the Indonesian Army Topography and Malaysian topographers consisting of civilians who are assisted by the Malaysian Army Force into defense diplomacy media. The relationship established by TNI officers with tribal leaders in the border region became a persuasive diplomatic effort to further strengthen cooperation between the two parties.

ownership status, land rights, property rights to building use rights., Social sciences (General), and H1-99

However, if at the time of the auction the guarantee is won by an entity, in this case a legal entity, then the status of ownership of the land rights must be immediately changed from property rights to building use rights. This is based on a decree, namely the Decree of the State Minister for Agrarian Affairs / Head of the National Land Agency Number 16 of 1997 contained in article 2 paragraph 3, which includes the following contents : In the case of a land right, in this case a property right a body is requested for several changes to it’s rights, in this case a legal entity obtaining the rights through an auction process, then the rights must be transferred immediately and then registered from property rights to building use rights. In it’s implementation, it’s due to the fact that at the time the status of ownership of land rights, in this case ownership rights, is then converted into rights to build by an individual to an entity, which in this case the legal entity requires a lot of costs, and with a significant amount of time. Not for a moment, then it can create a new problem or problem that must be resolved immediately. The method used in this research is sociological juridical which is carried out by direct interviews with sources who are closely related to the research. Based on the results of the research, the solution is as follows: First, the application of the reduction of property rights to be converted into building uses based on Article 2 Agrarian/Head of the National Land Agency in 1997, namely: in it’s implementation, because at the time the status of ownership rights to land, which in this case is a right of ownership, is then converted into a right to build by an individual to an entity, which in this case the legal entity requires a lot of costs, and with a long time, it can create a problem or new constraints that must be immediately resolved. Second, namely the obstacles in the Status of Ownership of Freehold Land to Rights of Land through the Tender Process Based on the Decree of the Minister/Head of the National Land Agency, are as follows: Lack of transparency in and information on land tenure and ownership; Land titling cannot be done quickly; Limited skilled personnel; The demands for juridical technical accuracy of the documents on which land rights are based must be relatively accurate; Incomplete Standard to date; Until now, there is no unified definition of customary land and state land.

attitude, culture, intentional world, the conventional world, cultural frame of perception, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

There are deep relations between the human mind and the environment. The surroundings of human sarefilled with influences from past generations. Therefore, humans are shaped by the character of the world. The analysis of psychological literature concludes that children become the object of culture from birth. In the process of socialization, a child learns other scenarios from their culture. The state of mind interiorized all of these cultural scenarios. This process impacts aperson’s perception of the external world. Such influences impact the formation of conscious perception and the emotional system. Mentalities, emotions of the human mind were studied in this article as an internal factor which affects human attitude. It is demonstrated that it is impossible to think about the formation of a child’s perception of the world without, considering all of these factors. The internal factors are formed by knowledge of the world, modes of behaviour and scenarios which were learned during childhood. The sources of this knowledge, modes of behaviours and scenarios are culture driven. The basis of psychology is connected to a specific culture. Culture affects the perception of the mind’s formulation; the “cultural frame” of perception. The objects of the external world have mental meaning, which pass through the cultural frame of perception. The ways of cultural formation and the perception of it affect the formation of human attitude. The culture learned by an individual are related to the ‘thoughtless’ or ‘thoughtful’ attitude which are manifested by certain actions. The investigation showed that culture is the framework for attitude and a person reflects specific cultural attitudes.

new sports model, games, sepaktakraw, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

The research and development of this model aims to improve the achievements of sepaktakraw sports with a new sports training model in sepaktakraw games. The research method used is a method of research and development with development measures designed by Borg and Gall with the number of populations and samples in this study is as many as 65 sepaktakraw athletes central java covering jepara, kendal and semarang areas.. Based on the processing of data with statistical science with a total sample of 65 sepaktakraw athletes in can grade Bbased on theeffectiveness test results using t-test of the difference of pretest results obtained price tO = 150,338 greater than the price tt =0,000 and the posttest value obtained price tO = 197,550 greater than the price tt = 0,000 (at the level of significance 0.05), then the nil hypothesis is rejected. So it can be concluded that, there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest test results of the new game practice model in sepaktakraw games. From the research data obtained the average pretest price with mean = 85,533 smaller than the average posttest mean = 92,233. Thus it can be stated that, the product of a new game training model in sepaktakraw games is effectively used to improve the achievements of sepaktakraw athletes in indonesia. Thus it can be stated that, the product of a new sports model in sepaktakraw games is effectively used to improve the achievements of takraw football athletes in Central Java in particular, and nationally as well as internationally in general