articles+ search results

depressive disorder, product design, adolescents, therapeutic toys, psychology, Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, and T351-385

Adolescent mental health issues are on the rise, with rates rising from one in ten in 2011 to one in five in 2016. This issue was predicted to be one of the top causes of global disability by 2020. Hence, with the aim to develop a therapeutic toy for self-managed depression, this paper intends to elucidate the product design process based on the criteria of therapies practiced by patients to manage mild and moderate depression. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a clinical psychologist, three licensed counsellors, and six young depressive disorder patients as a methodology for gathering empirical data, which was then followed by the design process. The result of the interview indicates a multitude of design needs in self-managed depression. Therefore, a few design criteria have been proposed and a set of the non-working models of the therapeutic toys was successfully developed as a proposal for potential future development and production. It is hoped that the outcome of the study exhibits the synchronization of the design thinking process inside the ergonomics ergo system framework in order to generate the design for the patient.

design thinking, design language, computational design, design development, architectural structures, prototyping, Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, and T351-385

This paper explores the creation of architectural structures through parametric design tools. The proposed methodology presents an alternative framework of using digital tools for the product design development from the design thinking point of view. The main core of the suggested design process includes a great number of theoretical issues from design identity, design language and architectural design areas. As a result, designers can develop constructions for public spaces that are based on innovative morphologies by using new digital design techniques such as computational design (Rhino3D © and Grasshopper ©). The development of an architectural structure that aims to bring greenery into the city and increase the rest and action spaces is presented. A valuable aspect of this exploration is in positioning the proposed design framework inside - to aid in the creative process and better leverage downstream outcomes. The final steps of the proposed methodology include the production of the final architectural structure through rapid prototyping, laser cutting and engraving techniques.

armature, stop-motion, animation, industrial design, Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, and T351-385

The development of prototype stop-motion armatures for a wide variety of applications commonly involves the use of metal, stainless steel, and brass. This research aimed to design stop-motion armatures using new materials and concepts for both basic and advanced stop-motion animations and to design the armatures to be fit and relevant to the characters that were made according to physiology and flexibility in use with a variety of functions. The present research used research samples consisting of 6 experts in materials, industrial designers, and designers of animation movies. They were asked to examine, edit, and evaluate the product prototype. The instruments used in the research were in-depth interviews and questionnaires. The data were analyzed by using mean and standard deviation. The results of the research are as follows: 1) regarding the development of stop-motion armatures, there were 9 armature models; 2) based on the research, test, and experiment, the suitable material was polyamide or nylon plastic, which is flexible and durable. It was good for the movement and forming of the position of the characters firmly; 3) regarding the test of efficiency for these armatures, the overall evaluation was at a high level. The mean score was 3.52, while the standard deviation (SD) was 0.43. The design of these stop-motion armatures shows a distinctive point in that they can be produced in industrial systems with a large number of items made at the same time. Further, this production process makes the armatures able to be fully modified or adjusted according to the characters designed.

printability, encapsulation, rose oil, coating, Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, and T351-385

In this study, rose oil was encapsulated with stearic acid substituted polyvinyl alcohol macromolecule. In the first part of the study, stearic acid substituted polyvinyl alcohol macromolecule was synthesized and its chemical structure was elucidated by ATR-FTIR and ¹HNMR. Then, rose oil was encapsulated using this obtained polymer. The chemical structure of the obtained capsules was made by ATR-FTIR, and dimensional analysis was done by scanning electron microscope (SEM). After the obtained capsules, a paper coating formula was prepared and coated on 80 g/m² paper. The resulting scented papers were printed using the screen printing technique. The color, gloss, and deformation of the capsules on the surface of the printed and unprinted papers were determined by spectrophotometer, glossmeter and SEM. As a result, it was determined that the synthesized polymer could encapsulate the rose oil and the papers using these capsules could be printed without deformation.

design thinking, sustainability, food waste, internet of things, smart-object dimensions, Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, and T351-385

Food waste is a huge problem across the world, but it's especially bad in developed countries such as Malaysia, according to the previous study. It is estimated that 1.3 billion tonnes of food are lost or wasted every year, accounting for one-third of all food produced for human consumption. Hence, the goal of this study is to supplement the solution within the framework of product design process based on the evaluation of food waste behaviour among household in Malaysia. As an approach for acquiring empirical data, a survey study was conducted with 52 respondents in Malaysia, including an analysis of similar existing products on the market, which was then followed by the design process. The findings suggest a multitude of design needs in preventing food waste behaviour among household in Malaysia, including the issues of the existing similar products on the market. Therefore, a few design criteria have been proposed and a set of semi-working food tracking models was successfully developed as a proposal for potential future development and production. It is hoped that the outcome of the study exhibits the synchronization of the product design process inside the smart-object dimensions in order to generate the design that helps to manage and reduce the amount of food waste created among household in Malaysia.

reading time, typography, usability testing, visual performance, Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, and T351-385

The length of a word depends on the number of characters that make it up. Since we are constantly confronted with words (information), a suitable typeface should be chosen to make reading comfortable and easy. The number of characters can affect how visible a word is and, more importantly, how quickly the word can be read and understood. For this reason, we conducted tests with five-letter words randomly displayed at the four positions on the screen. The study examined the minimum time required to recognize five-letter words. Five different typefaces (Calibri, Georgia, Swiss 721, Trebuchet, Verdana) were included in the study to determine which of the screen typefaces read the fastest. The Georgia typeface performed the best regardless of the other conditions. The time to read upper-case letters was much shorter than lower-case and sentence-case letters. For words presented in the upper positions of the screen, the recognition time was shorter than for the lower positions of the screen. Different combinations of variables showed that some were better suited for on-screen use.

haptic tool, visually impaired people, cad modeling, conceptual design, criteria based model design, 3d printing, soccer, ahp. fuzzy saw, Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, and T351-385

Loss of eyesight inflicts multiple difficulties in everyday lives’ tasks affecting not just the visually impaired but also their loved ones. The sense of being depleted by the otherwise visually perceived satisfaction from attending various events becomes a burden not just in terms of joy but also in relation to accompanying parties. The aim of this research work was to provide a worthy perceived experience of attending a soccer match with the company of a friend, centered at the visually impaired person’s needs and perspective. The methodology developed was based on a holistic approach combining a number of creative tools, in order to explore, visualize and evaluate the proposed solutions, with advanced CAD modeling, rendering techniques and 3D printing technology for improved representation and prototyping of the final product. Evaluation via multi-criteria decision-making casted the developed system as quite usable, suitable for assisting the visually impaired users in absorbing valuable information regarding the real time progress of a live soccer event using the selves-developed tactile interface. That way, visually impaired people are able to use the final product with a great deal of success and “feel the view” and the “time” in a variety of cases, allowing them to better enjoy attending an entertainment event, such as soccer, with the interactive company of a friend.

competency assessment scale, graphic design graduates, exploratory factor analysis, validity and reliability, malaysia, Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, and T351-385

The criteria for measuring the competency levels of graphic design (GD) graduates have continuously been shaped by the changing context of practice. However, previous studies provide little evidence on the existence of an effective competency assessment scale for GD graduates. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of a preliminary competency assessment scale for GD graduates in Malaysia. 207 final year GD degree students in Malaysia were sampled to validate the scale. The data was analysed using exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach’s reliability test. The results suggested that the preliminary scale consists of 12 constructs and 59 items under five competency dimensions. All 12 constructs yielded high internal consistency values, ranging between .723 and .914. Theoretically, the validated scale contributed to a new body of knowledge to the competency assessment of GD graduates in Malaysia. Practically, the findings provided relevant stakeholders with prescribed standards of performance and appropriate tools to assess the competency levels of new entrants to the GD profession.

color imaging, color physics, environmental aspects on color and coating science and technology, resins and additives, organic colorants and their applications, inorganic pigments and glazes: synthesis and applications, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, and T351-385

offset thermosensitive plate, printing plate, surface morphology, adhesion, reproduction-graphic properties, Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, and T351-385

This article discusses the technological possibilities of assessing the quality of offset thermosensitive printing plates by studying the influence of the structural and physical properties of their construction layers, as well as the parameters of digital computer-to-plate recording on the quality of formation and reproduction of image elements. The article presents an original conceptual model for determining the integral quality indicators of printing plates, taking into account their structural and physical properties, a set of modern methods for evaluating the quality of offset printing forms is presented, such as evaluating the surface morphology of polymer registering layers and a substrate – a basis of the printing form; assessment of the adhesion of polymer layers of offset printing plates to the substrate surface, taking into account the influence of image recording parameters; investigation of the influence of the chemical state of the registering layers of offset plates on the adhesion of printing elements to inks; assessment of the influence of the processes of thermal action of laser radiation and the temperature gradient on the surface structure of the polymer layer of a thermosensitive plate and the accuracy of the formation of the quality of discrete image elements on printing plates. These researches are aimed at determining the relationship between the structural and physicochemical properties of offset thermosensitive plates and integral indicators of the reproduction quality of raster and line image elements in a digital recording system.

covid-19, online learning, pandemic, online classes, engineering, Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, and T351-385

In this work we wanted to determine how students of Graphic engineering and design perceived online learning a year after the transition from traditional to online classes. The goal was to better understand problems, challenges, and good sides of online learning in this study field, and determine factors that impede knowledge transfer. The students' responses were collected via an anonymous online survey, which consisted of a series of questions that covered: conditions in which online classes are attended, communication channels, problems and how they are dealt with, understanding and motivation. The biggest challenges for our students were to sustain their attention and concentration during classes despite the distractors in their environments, and to keep their motivation despite the lack of direct interaction, social isolation, and too much computer time. Their technological and digital literacy were of great use in adapting to the online platforms and applications, as well as in solving technical problems that prevented them from following the classes. Even though online courses allow students to be more flexible and potentially combine work and study, most of our students do not think that their attendance and engagement in the studies increased in the last period. It is also undisputed that our students were dealing with a lot of stress and anxiety and that their emotional state highly influenced their perception of online learning. Hence, we firmly believe that apart from making online courses more engaging and interactive, it is of utmost importance to find a proper way to motivate and psychologically support students in the online learning environment, especially in times that require a high degree of resilience.

visual effects, 3d character, animation, computer generated environment, digital compositing, Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, and T351-385

The paper presents visual effects and their importance in the creation of visual media and film industry. After defining the field and the term visual effects, the reader is introduced to the techniques and approaches used to create visual effects, i.e., computer-generated Imagery, 3D computer graphics, motion capture, matchmoving, chroma key, rotoscoping, matte painting, and digital compositing. This is followed by a presentation of the history of visual effects from its beginnings to the digital age, taking in the most successful examples of film production such as Terminator, Toy Story, The Matrix, and Star Wars. As an example of the most representative production, the paper includes a more detailed description of the techniques, methods, and approaches used in the Lord of the Rings film trilogy, focusing on the creation of the visual appearance of the Gollum character, his movement, and facial expressions, the creation of crowds with autonomous agents and the introduction of digital duplicates. The review concludes with an overview of trends for the future of the field.

art audience in turkey, fine art prints and audience, contemporary printmaking, Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, and T351-385

The social and cultural changes brought about by industrialization and the Industrial Revolution highlighted the value of printmaking as a new means of expression in artistic presentation. The innovative mechanical production methods influenced their artistic production through the interest and experimentation of many artists, whose numbers should not be underestimated. On the other hand, the transfer of examples of traditional Japanese printmaking (Ukiyo-e) to Europe in 1700-1900 caused profound effects on Western art, beginning with Impressionism, one of the modern art movements. Especially in the last two decades, rapidly digitalizing technology has also provided radical changes in many social-cultural and economic fields. As a reflection of this, it has caused a change in the presentation of contemporary art and caused the formation of an innovative attitude that transforms-triggers the perception of the audience. Two effective factors are emphasized in the context of the effect of fine art print works on the phenomenon of art. One is the artist of the time, who uses all the media tools of his time with pure intuition to transform his artistic expression, his dreams into reality, and another is the audience of the artwork, who accepts only a part of his artistic presentation, which is helped by all technological tools, by discussing, and few of which will be praised by future generations. In this context, digital technology promises a free space to thousands of artists who produce screen presentations or artistic prints on many different media, enabling us to see them everywhere. It has indisputable that digital technologies are a new tool with a different line for artists, apart from the usual art presentation of contemporary art, which is in different quests with an innovative attitude in every period. From this point of view, in addition to the dynamic visual presentations in different places and platforms where the art audience can be involved and integrated into the contemporary art environment, the innovative attitude that fine art print artworks brings to the effect and behavior of the audience should also be considered. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how digital print technology and print works influence audience perception. The survey data analysis is interpreted in this article through excerpts from the dissertation titled “Effects of fine art printmaking on phenomenon of the art” which is still in progress.

Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics and T351-385

Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics and T351-385

How might design principles and practices adapt their approaches to create innovation and attend to the diversity that characterize the contemporary world? This reflection leverages the involvement of a plurality of peoples each inhabiting different geographies, including voices from the fringes, outside the mainstream, to pick up on new trends, practices, and future references of globalization. The relationship between Design and Innovation represents the field of research of the Latin Network for the Development of Design Processes, founded in 2008 and now operating through the Advanced Design Unit of the Università di Bologna. It operates as an intercultural zone of encounter and discussion, as a seedbed for creativity and ideas. The paper intends to investigate the roots, processes and cultural flows that characterize design innovation, considering Advanced Design as the framework within which innovation is contextualized, activating research on the geographies of innovation promoted by/with/for the design cultures, considering their changes and mutations: a collective creativity may recover in design its capacity to operate in a more political way, a praxis that works responsibly to facilitate the process and platforms for collaboration at different scales, local, global but always oriented to include and enhance our social capability to aspire, our responsibility to be critical and constructive.

Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics and T351-385

This article is part of the discussion about what to do with regard to the Anthropocene and how to project design in a direction oriented towards caring for the Planet. Overcoming the environmental crisis implied by the notion of Anthropocene involves questioning or, rather, redesigning the culture of design in terms of its ontological, methodological, and ethical suppositions. Specifically, this article proposes analytic displacements in order to problematize the hegemonic paradigm of user-centered design, opening the discussion up to other ways of being and world-making. To that end, we focus on the question of how to deploy planet-oriented design. We develop four points: bringing design down to Earth, situating design, decelerating design and intersectionalities in design. This article is meant to contribute to expanding this research agenda of design for transitions, focusing on the need for design that fosters more careful and ethical cohabitation on a damaged Planet.

Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics and T351-385

This article engages with the claimed limitation that critical design fails to address the problems it condemns, such as capitalism, and suggests looking at the different ways critical design practices have related to production in the past. Three examples from different historical moments are discussed through the theoretical lens of tension with progression. The discussion brings to light four areas of reflection which concern the way we understand progression, time, socio-technical contexts, and use. These — all suggesting that critical design is frictional yet can also be progressional — are presented as perspectives relevant to better position critical design in relation to production and to assess its potential contributions.

Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics and T351-385

In its relationship with technological objects, design has historically used aesthetic, stylistic and symbolic devices to tame what was perceived as wild. Drawing on the ideas offered by the framework of domestication, this paper addresses the issue of the relevance of the relationship between user and technological object in an era characterised by the rapid transformation of physical objects towards dematerialisation. Does it still make sense to speak of affordance in the face of a shift from the physical plane to the virtual in the user-object relationship? And what happens to this relationship when technology loses its materiality and becomes ephemeral?

Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics and T351-385

Lately, designers have become deeply interested in the materials generation process. With an approach of transforming unconventional elements into possible materials, they discover many possibilities with new characteristics ready to explore. This article discusses a study proposing concepts of materials generation, focusing on self-production in a pandemic context of domestic isolation and resource limitations. It follows the Do-It-Yourself Materials approach to create homemade samples (organic waste-based) and the experience- based method called Material Driven Design (to search for new insights in the material samples) as a framework. The research presents some tools to measure and understand possible new materials. It evaluates the materials experience generated in users when using unconventional sources for their creation and shares some information to get a more straightforward path when choosing to work with an experimental approach to developing alternative materials.

Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics and T351-385

Current global crises have generated profound environmental, social and economic instability, exacerbating the so-called “North–South divide”. To cope with increasing uncertainty and complexity, design has faced profound structural changes and reviewed its approaches. Design has come to the Responsible Innovation concept to define perspectives on how to develop products and services with a positive impact and create new forms of individual and collective knowledge. Based on ethical values of caring, Responsible Design focuses on ideas and practices that enable designers to address complex eco-socio-political wicked problems. At the intersection between Responsible Innovation and design cultures and practices, several examples of local and global initiatives can be identified. To better understand the state of the art and envision possible developments of Responsible Design, a selection of case studies was analysed, and action research was carried out. Thus, two perspectives emerge: 1) Design for Responsible Innovation; 2) and Responsible Innovation applied to Design. In both views, design becomes ethically responsible, empowering people to take care of themselves, their communities and the environment.