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challenges, collaboration, engagement, ecosystem, innovation, Technology, Technology (General), and T1-995

The objective of this literature review was to identify the challenges in the innovation ecosystem of West Java, Indonesia. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) and qualitative method, over 100 works from 2012 to 2022 were analyzed. The focus was then narrowed to 67 articles, significantly contributing to this review paper's discussions. Additional relevant references were included based on keywords such as Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), Intellectual Property, and Innovation Ecosystem. The literature review area was West Java, chosen due to the abundance of articles circulating within the region. West Java had the highest patent and intellectual property registrations, attributed to the presence of reputable universities. The main issue identified was the lack of synergy among the actors and limited youth participation, thereby worsening challenges in sustaining the funding. The analysis underscored the potential to enhance youth participation through government initiatives. To validate such results and formulate tailored recommendations for each actor in innovation ecosystem, further reviews were recommended. This aimed to enhance innovation productivity emanating from HEIs and other important actors.

artificial skin, fibroblasts, human umbilical cord blood serum, platelet-rich plasma, poly(?-caprolactone), Technology, Technology (General), and T1-995

The need for effective artificial skin as a substitute for damaged skin in chronic wound therapy is recently growing. Poly(?-caprolactone) (PCL) has been identified as a potential material for artificial skin scaffolds due to its exceptional mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, PCL lacks sufficient bioactivity, necessitating the introduction of bioactive molecules to scaffolds. Human umbilical cord blood serum (UCBS) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), rich in bioactive molecules, are promising coating materials for PCL-based scaffolds. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the effect of UCBS and PRP coatings on the mechanical properties, cytotoxicity, and cell attachment ability of PCL scaffolds. Scaffolds prepared through glutaraldehyde-mediated cross-linking of 20% (w/v) PCL followed by freeze-drying were immersed with UCBS or PRP overnight. Coating scaffolds with UCBS generated a significantly lower Young’s modulus (0.20 MPa) compared to non-coated counterparts (0.27 MPa), while PRP-coated scaffolds showed no substantial change (0.24 MPa). Both UCBS and PRP coatings significantly increased (p < 0.05) the viability and attachment of primary human fibroblast cells on scaffolds, showing the potential to enhance PCL cytocompatibility for artificial skin.

alloy 617, fatigue life, fractography, low-cycle fatigue, slow strain rate test, Technology, Technology (General), and T1-995

Alloy 617 is identified as a potential material for defense applications, particularly in military air platforms. Therefore, this study aims to examine the impact of strain rate on Alloy 617 properties during low-cycle fatigue (LCF) at room temperature (RT). LCF life properties and damage mechanism of alloy 617 are examined across a strain rate range of (5x10-4 ~ 10-2 s-1) in a fully-reversed controlled total strain range of 1.2%. Slow strain rate test (SSRT) is found to be a cost-effective method for assessing the material capability to respond to environmental interference. This study shows that LCF life of Alloy 617 is strongly influenced by the time-dependent mechanism, in terms of SSRT. The relationship between total strain, plastic strain, and time to failure with strain rates are established and expressed using the power law function to describe the fatigue life. Fractured specimens undergo metallography examination using an electron microscope, and fractography is discussed to differentiate the impact of SSRT on the physical damage characteristics under LCF loadings. LCF resistance of Alloy 617 is found to be time-dependent. Based on the results, it is recommended that the factor of safety must be considered in the designing phase to evaluate the fatigue life.

deep learning, earthquake, ensemble, narx neural network, subduction, Technology, Technology (General), and T1-995

Earthquake is a natural hazard causing significant damage and loss of lives. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the development of earthquake early warning system, using machine learning methods. One of the promising method is the use of Neural Network-Based Nonlinear AutoRegressive with eXogenous inputs (NN-based NARX) system, which has gained attention for the potential to improve the prediction accuracy and the robustness of earthquake early warning system. NN-based NARX system is composed of an effective recurrent neural network in modeling the time-series data. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the performance of Ensemble Deep Learning NARX system, regarding earthquake occurrences estimation in the subduction zone, including Sunda Strait, Southern Java, and Bali Region. Ensemble Deep Learning NARX system was developed as the predictor to improve the performance characteristics of NN-based NARX system in determining earthquake occurrences in the subduction zone of Java Island. The proposed Ensemble model combined multiple NARX system, each trained on a different subset of earthquake data, using the diversity and complementarity of individual model. The results showed that Ensemble Deep Learning NARX system outperforms individual model and traditional method, yielding a significantly improved estimation performance. The mean square error (MSE) of the testing data set was 5.97x10-23, 8.97x10-24, 9.73x10-26 for Sunda Strait, Southern Java, and Bali Region, respectively. The research provided valuable insights for seismic hazard assessment, facilitating the development of proactive measures for earthquake mitigation and preparedness in the regions.

Technology, Technology (General), and T1-995

In some countries, the rules about how to grow their economy are changing. They are focusing more on green economic growth to develop despite global uncertainties. Green growth means changing current industries and creating new eco-friendly ones. Figuring out how to do this well is a big question, like a billion-dollar question. The answers depend on each country's economy, industries, location, people, resources, technologies, relationships with other countries, money, and politics. We're shifting towards materials that are low in carbon and can be recycled in various products, such as plastics, packaging, and textiles. Achieving this requires innovative methods for manufacturing, designing products, and running businesses smartly. This involves developing new items with low-carbon materials like steel, aluminium, and concrete. When constructing highly energy-efficient buildings with no net emissions, we must use materials that can be recycled, effectively manage temperature, and employ digital technology to reduce both the initial and ongoing carbon footprint. More and more people moving to cities means there's a good chance for new and smart ideas in engineering and design to grow. These ideas are important because they help make cities sustainable and build important things like data centers and the latest tech. The many different digital technologies we use today are a big part of making green growth happen. They help with ideas that recycle and are good for the environment in our tech stuff. Human activities, urbanization, and climate change contribute to biodiversity loss. Engineering approaches, such as habitat restoration, conservation planning, and sustainable land use practices, are crucial for preserving and restoring ecosystems. The increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events require innovative engineering solutions for disaster preparedness, early warning systems, and resilient infrastructure to minimize the impact of natural calamities on communities. Degraded land and deforestation can be addressed through reforestation, afforestation, and sustainable land management practices. Engineering solutions may involve soil conservation, watershed management, and the restoration of degraded landscapes. Overfishing, pollution, and climate change threaten marine ecosystems. Engineering interventions, such as marine protected areas, sustainable fishing practices, and the restoration of coral reefs, contribute to the preservation and rehabilitation of marine environments. Urbanization often disrupts natural ecosystems. Sustainable urban planning, green infrastructure, and smart city technologies are examples of engineering solutions that can help restore and enhance urban ecosystems while fostering a balance between urban development and environmental conservation. Transforming food and farm waste into valuable materials presents an eco-friendly growth opportunity. This aligns with the concept of a circular economy, where waste is considered a resource that can be repurposed. Recycling and repurposing waste contribute to resource efficiency by reducing the environmental impact associated with disposal. It can also lead to the development of new industries and markets for recycled materials. Converting waste into valuable materials supports environmental sustainability by minimizing the generation of pollution and reducing the pressure on natural resources. The concept of a circular economy involves minimizing waste and maximizing the reuse and recycling of materials. Digital technologies play a crucial role in enabling circular economy practices for e-waste by improving the efficiency of collection, sorting, and recycling processes. Advanced sorting and segregation technologies contribute to resource recovery from e-waste. Precious metals, rare earth elements, and other valuable materials can be extracted and reused in the production of new electronic devices, reducing the need for virgin materials. Digital technologies can be employed to create labelling systems that provide information about the components and materials used in electronic devices. This facilitates efficient sorting and recycling by providing essential details for automated processes. These machines allow users to return used electronic devices for recycling in exchange for incentives or discounts. By incorporating digital technology, these machines can identify and sort different types of devices, ensuring that each component is properly handled during the recycling process. Automated robotic systems equipped with artificial intelligence and computer vision capabilities can efficiently sort and segregate various components of e-waste. This not only improves the accuracy and speed of the recycling process but also reduces the manual labour required. The adoption of digital technologies in e-waste management creates opportunities for skilled jobs related to the development, implementation, and maintenance of these technologies. This includes roles in robotics, artificial intelligence, data analysis, and software development. As e-waste recycling processes become more sophisticated and automated, new jobs are likely to emerge in the recycling industry. These jobs may include positions related to the operation and maintenance of recycling facilities, as well as roles in research and development for innovative recycling technologies. The emphasis on sustainable practices in e-waste management contributes to the growth of the green technology sector. This sector can generate employment in various fields, including renewable energy, waste management, and environmental consulting. Green growth starts with using certain technologies. To make it happen, we need to come up with better engineering ideas, use eco-friendly infrastructure, invest in sustainable practices, make the market encourage green choices, improve our workforce skills, try new business approaches, and get people to make greener choices. When a country does all these things, it can grow in a green way and not fall behind others in the world who are also trying to be environmentally friendly.

anaerobic digestion, biogas, boarding school, organic waste treatment, Technology, Technology (General), and T1-995

There are approximately 36,600 religious boarding schools in Indonesia accommodating a student population of 3.4 million. Traditional religious boarding school is one of the most significant contributors to waste generation after housing. This study is aimed to measure waste generation and the potential to implement anaerobic digestion in traditional boarding schools. At Al Hikam Boarding School, with a population of 265 residents, the average daily waste generation was measured at 33.6 kg/day, with organic waste constituting 41.8%. Over three months, the study included the stages of seeding, acclimatisation, and operation of anaerobic digestion using organic waste generated by the boarding school and traditional buffet. With an input of 7.6 kg/day, the results showed that organic waste used had a pH, total solid (TS), volatile solid (VS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and temperature of 6.1±0.38, 25±0.092%, 95±0.0054%TS, 453±188 g/L, and 29.5±1.12°C, respectively. The digester reported a volatile solid destruction (VSD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction of 91±0.015% and 89±0.081%, respectively. This produced biogas volume and methane yield of 805±219 L/day and 292±130 L.methane/kg.VS. So, anaerobic digestion with a Toren Biogas reactor is the recommended technology to manage organic waste at traditional boarding schools, with a potential reduction factor of 54%.

healthy building, indoor air quality, machine learning, Technology, Technology (General), and T1-995

Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) is the health and comfort issues experienced by people during the time indoor. As urban dwellers typically spend 90% of the time indoor, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) becomes essential. Consequently, ensuring appropriate air exchange in building is essential, with Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system playing a crucial ole in maintaining indoor comfort. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a predictive machine learning (ML) model using Industry 4.0 technological advancements to optimize HVAC system design that meets IAQ parameters in Indonesia healthy building (HB). An extensive literature review was carried out to identify IAQ parameters specific to Indonesia HB. Furthermore, four ML models were developed using the RapidMiner Studio application, validated with the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and confusion matrix methods. The results showed that the cooling load and the chiller-type prediction models had a relative error of 1.11% and 3.33%. Meanwhile, Air Handling Unit (AHU) type and filter area predictive model had a relative error of 10% and 1.22%, respectively. These errors showed the accuracy of ML model in predicting HVAC system of HB.

bragg wavelength, fiber bragg grating, low hydrostatic pressure, Technology, Technology (General), and T1-995

The aim of this study was to investigate the detection of low hydrostatic pressure, serving as the foundation for developing an underwater pressure sensor. This included creating a single-mode, uniformly structured Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) with a stainless-steel coating. The experiment included loading the sensor with different volumes of fresh water ranging from 0 ml to 6 ml, in increments of 0.25 ml, in the perpendicular vertical direction. This volume range corresponded to hydrostatic pressures ranging from 0 Pa to 40.55 Pa. The experimental results showed a consistent linear relationship between low hydrostatic pressure and Bragg wavelength, implying a sensitivity of 0.8092 pm/Pa, according to theoretical expectations. Subsequently, mathematical simulations were conducted based on the results to predict the sensor performance under various potential seabed temperatures. The simulation results indicated that as the temperature rose, there was a corresponding increase in the reflected wavelength difference by 5.3754 ×10-9 nm/Pa for every 1°C increase in seawater temperature.

breast cancer, morus sp, pd-1/pdl-1, ppar-?, triple negative breast cancer, Technology, Technology (General), and T1-995

Morus sp is a plant containing polyphenol compounds such as Chalcomoracin, Morushalunin, and Guangsangon E. These compounds play a crucial role in modifying proteins and signaling pathways that influence the progression of cancer cells, including breast cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the interaction between Chalcomoracin, Morushalunin, and Guangsangon E on PD-1 and PPAR proteins as well as determine the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of these compounds. To achieve this, molecular docking was conducted on PD-1 (PDB ID: 57w9) and PPAR (PDB ID: 5two) human proteins. The results showed that Chalcomoracin and Guangsangon E had binding capabilities to both PD-1 and PPAR, while Morushalunin interacted exclusively with PD-1 protein. The interaction between Guangsangon E and PPAR was -12.29 (Kcal/mol), and for Chalcomoracin with PPAR, it was -5.69 (Kcal/mol). Docking scores for Chalcomoracin, Morushalunin, and Guangsangon E on PD-1 were -6.21 kcal/mol, -8.91 kcal/mol, and -9.28/kcal/mol, respectively. Based on PASS analysis, Morushalunin had potential as an HIF1a-inhibitor, while Chalcomoracin demonstrated activity as an MMP-9 expression inhibitor. Guangsangon E showed activity on both proteins. Additionally, drug-likeness score (DLS) for Chalcomoracin, Morushalunin, and Guangsangon E were 1.14, 1.09, and 0.79, respectively. These concluded that the compounds could effectively interact with PD-1 and PPAR two important proteins in breast cancer.

covering layers, energy usage, flat roof, insulation layers, Technology, Technology (General), and T1-995

Wasteful consumption of electricity in high-rise building in Indonesia is the primary trigger for the increase in carbon emissions. Predominantly, the excessive use of electrical appliances and air conditioning systems is the principal factor contributing to the use of energy within these structures. To effectively address this issue, the importance lies in adopting suitable building envelope material. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of different insulation types and roof covering in improving the energy-saving performance of office building. There were six proposed renovation for the flat roof of building, consisting of two approaches, namely (1) the incorporation of insulation and (2) the replacement of roof covering layers. Scenarios A1, A2, and A3 have incorporated 100 mm of polyurethane (PU) foam, polyisocyanurate (PI) foam, and fiberglass batt into the design. Meanwhile, Scenarios B1, B2, and B3 opted for ceramic material, Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) membrane, and grass vegetation as roofing material for the existing roof. The results showed that the addition of insulation to roof through Insight 360 and the replacement of roof covering layers produced an energy reduction of 19.5% to 20.2% and 19.5% and 23.5%, respectively. The implementation of green roof in scenario B3 was selected as the most promising renovation option, achieving a remarkable 23.5% reduction in energy consumption.

critical temperature, filling density, hot working, mgb2 superconductors, wire, Technology, Technology (General), and T1-995

This study aimed to investigate the use of the hot working in a sealed tube method for the production of Magnesium Diboride (MgB2) wires from a powder state. The wires were synthesized using different initial filling densities of 60%, 80%, and 100%. The Magnesium and Boron powder was ground using agate mortar into a stoichiometric mixture by weight of Mg:B=1:2 and then packed into a stainless steel (SUS316L) tube. Subsequently, the pack was sintered for two hours at 800°C in an air atmosphere and continuously rolled to form a wire. XRD and SEM analyses were then conducted to observe the phase development of the sample produced. The diffraction pattern and microstructure observation results showed that MgB2 phase was successfully created using economically advantageous raw materials of crystalline Mg and amorphous B with 60% filling density. The size of the crystallites and superconducting phase was shown to experience a significant increase. The R-T cryogenic magnet assessed the sample of critical temperature, and MgB2 produced using full amorphous boron had a transition temperature of 39 K.

network design, plastic waste management, reverse logistics, robust optimization, Technology, Technology (General), and T1-995

Indonesia experiences a consistent annual escalation in plastic production, primarily attributed to the high demands from numerous industries. As a result of this escalated production rate, more significant quantities of plastic waste continue to be produced each year. In this regard, it is essential to comprehend that uncontrolled plastic waste generates harmful substances for humans and the environment. A reverse logistics network was introduced and developed to decrease the damaging effects of this waste on the environment. The Indonesian plastic waste reverse logistics system encountered some uncertainties due to limited data availability, showing significant fluctuations. To address these uncertainties, this study proposed a robust optimization model for the management of plastic waste within the reverse logistics system in Jakarta. The results showed that the model could accurately identify optimal facility locations and determine the exact quantity to transport between facilities while considering social, economic, and environmental factors. The results also showed that the proposed model minimized cost by 332 million USD, reduced gas emissions to 626 million m3 (ca. 1.2 billion kgCO2), and maximized labor by 611 thousand people.

atrial fibrillation, ecg, feedforward neural network, sequential method, Technology, Technology (General), and T1-995

Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) and its associated symptoms are significant problems that doctors and several studies have attempted to solve throughout the years. It is diagnosed by analyzing a patient’s electrocardiogram (ECG) data. However, continuous efforts have been made to develop an algorithm that detects AFib with optimal efficiency and cost-effectiveness. In this study, a sequential model was used based on feedforward neural network as this is arguably the simplest algorithm developed and requires minimal computing power. The results showed that training the algorithm for 1000 epochs yielded the best results. Further studies showed that using a combination of 10-fold cross-validation and blindfold validation proved an ideal way to determine the model's capabilities in distinguishing patients with AFib from those without. In conclusion, the developed model successfully distinguished between AFib and non-AFib patients with a 96.67% sensitivity, 94.61% specificity, and 95.64% accuracy.

additive manufacturing, control volume, design optimization, lattice structure, unit cell, Technology, Technology (General), and T1-995

This study aimed to optimize lattice structure design by changing the size of unit cell at a constant volume. It was observed that the changes in unit cell affected the strength of lattice structure, posing a challenge for additive manufacturing. To evaluate these effects, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted by applying static loading at one end of the surface from x, y, z-axis, and combination of model, using Inconel 625 additive manufacturing. Furthermore, the model was analyzed by plotting graphs of changes in cell size to deformation and stress. The addition of outer skin to deformation and stress behavior was also investigated. Printed parts were manufactured through additive manufacturing using PLA to assess how changes in lattice size affected overhang surface quality. The results showed that deformation and stress behavior were influenced by the smallest cross-sectional area and shape of the unit cell, as shown by the relationships within lattice structure models. The addition of compression loads also increased deformation and stress behavior, while high outer skin thickness reduced these parameters in lattice model. The results from the printed part of model showed poor surface quality, particularly on the overhanging part.

breast cancer, docking, her2, molecular dynamic, phomopsis, Technology, Technology (General), and T1-995

Since 2014, we have successfully isolated endophytic fungi from the leaves of Indonesian Annona muricata, exhibiting potential anti-breast cancer properties. The analysis of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) showed the identified fungi species as Phomopsis sp. The ethyl acetate extract derived from Phomopsis sp. inhibited MCF7 cells (IC50

crow search algorithm, closed-loop supply chain, facility location problem, hybrid method, Technology, Technology (General), and T1-995

Crow search algorithm for binary optimization (BinCSA) is currently used in some ideal models of the uncapacitated facility location problem (UFLP), but studies on its use in real-world supply chain cases remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to address the gap by introducing a hybrid method that combined the BinCSA with an exact method to solve a CLSC problem, including location allocation, transportation, and supplier selection challenges. The initial sections of the study included theoretical foundations and experimental results of the BinCSA. Subsequently, how the BinCSA works in the proposed hybrid method was discussed, and the computational results were showed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.

building envelopes, climate change, hygrothermal analysis, risk assessment, system dynamics, Technology, Technology (General), and T1-995

Climate change, marked by unpredictable patterns and extreme events, is expected to persist, posing challenges over the service live of buildings. Consequently, building practitioners must incorporate future climate considerations in both the design of new constructions and in the retrofitting of existing structures. Building practitioners assess risk by characterizing the consequences of climate conditions and using tools to aid implementation. However, understanding the relationships between climate and building component responses is complex. Several studies worldwide have attempted to characterize the impact of climate conditions on building components, such as those of deterioration models and response indices. Despite these efforts, integrating research results into risk-based decision support that considers climate scenarios and building design remains limited, partly due to uncertainties, interdependencies, and benchmarking challenges. Therefore, this research highlights the significance of hygrothermal analysis and the advancements in assessment methods for climate effects on hygrothermal performance of building envelopes. An approach based on System Dynamics is proposed to create a structured and integrative tool capable of explicitly capturing factors affecting building system performance under climate change.

driving behaviour, distracted driving, driving behaviour questionnaire (dbq), road safety, structural equation modelling (sem), Technology, Technology (General), and T1-995

Traffic accidents are the eighth leading cause of death worldwide, and each year, Indonesia reports an increasing number of such incidents. Human error, specifically risky driving behaviour such as distraction, is the primary contributors to the accidents. A thorough understanding of the contributing factors to traffic accidents is crucial to enhancing road safety initiatives. Therefore, this study aimed to design a model to assess the effect of road distraction, driving behaviour, and perception of risk on self-reported crashes by private car drivers in Jakarta, Indonesia, as well as formulate strategies to improve safety. This study used a diverse group of 142 drivers from Jakarta as respondents, utilizing a combination of quantitative methods, such as Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) and Pearson's Chi-square tests, complemented by questionnaire instruments such as the Driving behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ), Road Distractions Scale (RDS), and Risk Perception and Regulation Scale (RPRS). The results showed that driver distractions significantly increase the possibility of lapses, while errors, violations, and risk perception significantly affect the incident of traffic incidents. Furthermore, chi-square analysis showed that men are more likely to commit violations and are more distracted by attractive roadside objects compared to women, who reported a higher incidence of lapses and greater disturbance from weather conditions. This study offered strategic recommendations with the potential to lower accident rates and improve driving safety overall.

adiponectin, adipoq, insulin resistance, snp, Technology, Technology (General), and T1-995

Insulin resistance is an important aspect of metabolic endocrine disorder, and adiponectin functions as an insulin-sensitizer. Changes in adiponectin levels are associated with alterations in insulin sensitivity. Insulin resistance results from various variables that contributes to abnormalities in insulin signaling, including a decrease in adiponectin levels. Genetics is recognized as one of the key elements influencing adiponectin levels, with investigations showing that ADIPOQ SNP can impact insulin sensitivity and plasma adiponectin levels. Therefore, this study aimed to examine association between ADIPOQ gene polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin resistance level. A case-control study was conducted with 60 participants recruited from Sunyaragi Community Health Center in Cirebon, West Java. Data were collected using fasting blood glucose (mg/dl) and Polymerase Chain Reaction – Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results showed that the genotype frequency of SNP in the case group was GG = 12 (40%), GT = 16 (53.33%), TT = 2 (6.67%). Meanwhile, in the control group, it was observed to be GG = 18 (60%), GT = 11 (36.67%), and TT = 1 (3.33%). Statistically analysis showed a significant association between +276 G/T polymorphism and type 2 DM. This concluded that individuals with polymorphism are at higher risk of developing type 2 DM.

exploratory modelling and analysis, geothermal, power plants development, system dynamics, uncertainty analysis, Technology, Technology (General), and T1-995

This study aimed to analyze uncertainty factors to provide knowledge and information regarding significant obstacles in developing geothermal energy in Indonesia. To achieve this, Exploratory System Dynamics Modelling and Analysis method was adopted. The results showed that four uncertainty factors have significant influence on the achievement of geothermal development in terms of total installed capacity, total revenue, and profit. Delay due to bureaucracy, social acceptance, exploration duration, and exploration permit processing time had 68% influence on total installed capacity and profit. Meanwhile, electricity price had 44% impact on total revenue. In conclusion, focus should be given to policy interventions such as streamlining bureaucratic processes, reducing delays, and shortening processing times, to enhance installed capacity and profit growth in the future.