Maier, Kris W. C., Mochnacz, Neil J., Bajno, Robert, Chapelsky, Andrew J., Rodger, Peter, and Reist, James D.
Arctic. Mar2021, Vol. 74 Issue 1, p42-50. 9p.
Subjects
CHARS, MITOCHONDRIAL DNA, WATERSHEDS, GENETIC markers, and ARCTIC char
Abstract
Northern form Dolly Varden is an anadromous char with significant ecological value found in high-gradient rivers of the Western Arctic. Because of declines in population abundance, Dolly Varden was recently designated as "Special Concern" under the federal Species at Risk Act. This species is also of great cultural and dietary significance to Indigenous Peoples of many communities in the Western Arctic; thus, expanding knowledge of the distribution, biology, and essential habitat is an important priority. We present results of a fisheries survey in the headwaters of the Arctic Red River, Northwest Territories, that focused on confirming the presence of Dolly Varden. Of 143 fish captured among 12 sampling locations, two were Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus), 33 were slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus), and 108 were char identified using qualitative and quantitative morphological features. A subsample of 44 char voucher specimens were frozen whole and later identified using a linear discriminant function (LDF) based on meristic counts and morphological measurements, and a mitochondrial DNA genetic marker. LDF scores indicated that char collected in the Arctic Red River were northern form Dolly Varden. Genetic analysis showed that all but one char possessed mitochondrial DNA sequences common in northern form Dolly Varden from Canada. Our results confirm the presence of Dolly Varden in the Arctic Red River headwaters, extending the confirmed known distribution of this taxon in the Northwest Territories approximately 450 km south and 100 km east of previously delimited areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Schistochila gradsteinii Thouvenot sp. nov., is added to the five Schistochila Dumort. species formerly known in New Caledonia. The new species is distinctive by the lack of underleaves, bilobed leaves entire margined, with larger ventral lobes oblong-lanceolate to oblong-ovate, apiculate, dorsal lobes oblong-ovate, inserted on the dorsal surface of ventral lobes, the free margins not reaching the ventral margins, leaf cells with seemingly 3-layered trigones, stems with a conspicuous epidermis. It shares with the endemic S. vitreocincta (Herzog) X.L.He & Glenny some features distinctive from the rest of the genus. In addition, the occurrence of S. vitreocincta is clarified, the gynoecium of S. integerrima Steph. is newly described and a key to the New Caledonian species of Schistochila is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Contrairement aux adjectifs comme amusing et touching, certains adjectifs en ing/ant sont psychologiques sans être dérivés d'une base verbale psy, comme jaw-dropping 'surprenant' et marrant. Il est un fait que les émotions déclenchent des réactions physiques, et les verbes de ces adjectifs nomment ces réactions. Le présent article asserte que, toutes choses égales par ailleurs, les langues peuvent avoir des constructions de ce type, c'est-à-dire un objet formel à lecture psy enchâssant un V nommant la réaction physique à la cause psy : une construction phy-dans-psy. L'article traite d'adjectifs de cette forme dans deux langues différentes, qui montrent des similitudes et des différences en fonction de leurs grammaires individuelles, et il propose une analyse originale des adjectifs comme f…ing en anglais selon cette voie. Contrary to adjectives like amusing and touching, certain Ving/ant adjectives have a psych reading without originating from a psych verb, such as jaw-dropping 'surprising' in English and marrant 'amusing' in French. It is a fact that emotions trigger certain characteristic physical effects. The verbs of such adjectives name that physical effect. This article claims that languages can, provided that independent grammatical conditions are respected, display constructs of that phy-inside-psych form, namely, a psych construct with an embedded V naming the physical effect triggered by the psych cause. This articles deals with such adjectives in two different languages, showing similarities and differences due to their particular grammar, and it offers an original analysis of effing adjectives along those lines.
études amazighes, kabyle, morphologie, sémantique, syntaxe, amazigh studies, morphology, semantics, and syntax
Abstract
Il est généralement admis que le passif amazigh est réalisé par trois formes : mm-, ttw- et le morphème zéro dans le cas des verbes mixtes. Il n’est souvent pas expliqué pourquoi trouvons-nous trois manières différentes d’exprimer une même réalité linguistique, ce qui est en contradiction flagrante avec la règle de l’économie linguistique valable pour toutes les langues naturelles. Nous allons, dans le cadre de cette contribution, essayer d’y remédier en explicitant les valeurs sémantiques et fonctionnelles de chacune de ces formes. Nous essayerons également de montrer l’émergence d’une quatrième forme. En effet, les dérivés en n-/nn- ont toujours étaient considérés comme des variantes phonétiquement conditionnées de la forme en mm-, ce qui est certainement vrais au plan diachronique. Cependant, nous avons relevé en synchronie des combinaisons de ce morphème avec des verbes incompatibles avec le morphème du passif mm-. Ces cas étant rarissimes, nous pensons qu’il s’agit du début d’apparition d’une nouvelle forme. It is generally accepted that the Amazigh passive is realized by three forms : mm-, ttw- and the zero morpheme in the case of mixed verbs. It is often not explained why we find three different ways of expressing the same linguistic reality, which is in flagrant contradiction with the rule of linguistic economy valid for all natural languages. We will, within the framework of this contribution, try to remedy it by explaining the semantic and functional values of each of these forms. We will also try to show the emergence of a fourth form. Indeed, derivatives in n-/nn- have always been considered as phonetically conditioned variants of the form in mm-, which is certainly true on the diachronic level. However, in synchrony, we have noted combinations of this morpheme with verbs incompatible with the passive morpheme mm-. These cases being extremely rare, we think that it’s about the beginning of appearance of a new form.
