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Medicine

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated an immediate and large-scale uptake of online treatment for mental health care. However, there is uncertainty about what the “new normal” in mental health care will be like in post–COVID-19 times. To what extent will the experiences gained during the pandemic influence a sustainable adoption and implementation of online mental health care treatment in the future? ObjectiveIn this paper, we aim to formulate expectations with regard to the sustainability of online mental health care after COVID-19. MethodsIn an interview study, 11 mental health care professionals were asked about their experiences and expectations for the future. Participants were recruited from a mental health care organization in the Netherlands. The interviews took place between April 7-30, 2020, at the peak of the COVID-19 crisis in the Netherlands. The data were analyzed using a thematic coding method. ResultsFrom the interviews, we learn that the new normal in mental health care will most likely consist of more blended treatments. Due to skill enhancement and (unexpected) positive experiences with online treatment, an increase in adoption is likely to take place. However, not all experiences promise a successful and sustainable upscaling of online treatment in the future. Mental health care professionals are learning that not all clients are able to benefit from this type of treatment. ConclusionsSustainable upscaling of online mental health care requires customized solutions, investments in technology, and flexibility of mental health care providers. Online treatment could work for those who are open to it, but many factors influence whether it will work in specific situations. There is work to be done before online treatment is inherently part of mental health care.

NIGHT work, SLEEP-wake cycle, DROWSINESS, SHIFT systems, and WAKEFULNESS

Nightshift workers go against the natural sleep-wake rhythm. Light can shift the circadian clock but can also induce acute alertness. This placebo-controlled exploratory field study examined the effectiveness of light glasses to improve alertness while reducing the sleep complaints of hospital nurses working nightshifts. In a crossover within-subjects design, 23 nurses participated, using treatment glasses and placebo glasses. Sleepiness and sleep parameters were measured. A linear mixed model analysis on sleepiness revealed no significant main effect of the light intervention. An interaction effect was found indicating that under the placebo condition, sleepiness was significantly higher on the first nightshift than on the last night, while under the treatment condition, sleepiness remained stable across nightshift sessions. Sleepiness during the commute home also showed a significant interaction effect, demonstrating that after the first nightshift, driver sleepiness was higher for placebo than for treatment. Subjective sleep quality showed a negative main effect of treatment vs. placebo, particularly after the first nightshift. In retrospect, both types of light glasses were self-rated as effective. The use of light glasses during the nightshift may help to reduce driver sleepiness during the commute home, which is relevant, as all participants drove home by car or (motor) bike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychométrie, Psychometrics, Psicometría, Condition travail, Working condition, Condición trabajo, Environnement social, Social environment, Contexto social, Homme, Human, Hombre, Milieu professionnel, Occupational environment, Medio profesional, Modèle Rasch, Rasch model, Modelo Rasch, Théorie item réponse, Item response theory, Teoría item respuesta, Vie privée, Private life, Vida privada, item response theory, measurement, privacy, social environments, working conditions, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Psychologie du travail, Occupational psychology, Condition de travail. Performance. Stress, Work condition. Job performance. Stress, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

In this paper, we develop two behavior-based privacy-need measures for office environments. These two new scales are designed as objective measures, since they try to avoid introspection. One scale assesses people's motivation to withdraw from social interaction (i.e., the Need-For-Privacy [NFP]) and the other the motivation to seek social exchange (i.e., the Need-For-Socializing [NFS]). Based on survey data from 204 bank employees, our newly-developed measures demonstrated reasonable reliabilities (>.70). Regarding construct validity, we found our NFP scale to overlap (R2> 25%) with an established NFP measure (Kaya & Weber, 2003) and a need-for-solitude instrument (Pedersen, 1988). The results also corroborate the fact that people's NFP and their NFS are relatively distinct motivos (R2 = 10%).

AGGRESSION (Psychology), ECOLOGY, METROPOLITAN areas, POPULATION geography, SOCIAL skills, QUALITATIVE research, and THEMATIC analysis

Aggression is strongly influenced by the surrounding socio‐physical context, and the development of aggressive behavior is best understood through a continuous cycle of ongoing person‐environment interactions. Empirical studies, nevertheless, have been predominantly conducted in the laboratory, studying aggression as a short‐lived phenomenon, emerging from and within an individual, and – with situational factors studied in isolation – devoid of its context. The present field study, conducted in an urban nightlife area, complements this research. A qualitative, multi‐method approach was followed by thematic analysis to investigate ongoing behavioral patterns of the crowd vis‐à‐vis the changes in the context that co‐occurred with the development of unwanted behaviors, including aggression. In our study, we identified atmosphere as a dynamic and mood‐like, but extra‐individual state of the socio‐physical setting related to the development of aggression. Our results suggest that atmosphere affects the behavior of groups and individuals by emerging from and feeding into ongoing interactions between people and the environment. At the individual level, it appears to play its part as proximate determinant of behavior; at the crowd level it reflects the synergetic product of all those persons’ states, behaviors and interactions. Implications for aggression theory and for applications aimed at curbing aggression are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]