Gemi,elektrik enerjisi,güneş enerjisi,rüzgâr enerjisi,kıyıdan enerji teminİ
Abstract
Gemiler, küresel ticaretin yaklaşık %80’ini gerçekleştirmektedir. Bu oran, denizcilik sektörünün dünyaticaretinde önemli bir paya sahip olduğunun en önemli göstergesidir. Ticaret hacminin artması ile yenigemiler sisteme dâhil edilecek, daha fazla yakıt tüketilecek ve daha fazla emisyon yayılacaktır. Bunedenle, Uluslararası Denizcilik Örgütü (IMO) gemilerden kaynaklı olumsuz etkileri azaltmak ve enerjitasarruf potansiyellerini ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla enerji verimliliği faaliyetlerine dikkat çekmekte vesektörü bu konuda teşvik etmektedir.Bu çalışmada, yakıt tüketimini azaltmak ve egzoz gazı emisyonlarını minimum seviyeye indirmek içingemilerde güneş ve rüzgâr gibi yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları ile kıyıdan enerji temini gibi alternatifenerji kaynaklarının kullanılmasına yönelik çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Gemi teknolojisinde alternatifenerji sistemlerinin kullanımına yönelik güncel bilgiler verilmiştir. Ayrıca, yeni nesil gemi tasarımlarınave projelere değinilerek denizcilik sektörü temsilcilerinin gelecek öngörülerine katkı sunulmasıamaçlanmıştır.
Volume: 10, Issue: 2 169-181 Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi
Subjects
Gemi,liman,elektrik,akıllı şebeke,enerji yönetimi and Ship,port,electricity,smart grid,energy management
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, yeninesil gemi ve liman tasarımı konseptlerine uygulanabilecek ve gemilerin limandaiken alternatif enerji kaynaklarını kullanarak elektrik enerjisi ihtiyacınınkarşılanmasına imkân tanıyacak bir enerji yönetim modeli önerilmiştir. Bu modelile gemiler limandaki operasyonlarını gerçekleştirirken finansal ve çevreselşartları göz önüne alarak hem kendi jeneratörlerini kullanabilecek hem deulusal şebekeye etkin bir şekilde bağlanabilecektir. Bu sayede, gemimürettebatı bulunduğu limanda uluslararası sözleşmelerden kaynaklı çevresel birkısıtlama var ise bu kuralları karşılamak için en temiz enerji kaynağınıseçebilecektir. Çevresel kısıtlamaların karşılandığı bir limanda ise enekonomik enerji kaynağını kullanarak enerji maliyetlerinde tasarrufsağlayabilecektir.Çalışmada, gemienerji yönetim modeli ve benzetim çalışması için MATLAB programı kullanılmıştır.Benzetim çalışmasında, kabul edilebilir sonuçlar elde etmek için “M/V İnce Hamburg” isimli yükgemisine ait veriler ile Türkiye ulusal şebekesine ait gerçek veriler dikkatealınmıştır. Sadece kendi jeneratörlerini kullanan gemi ile enerji yönetimsistemine sahip ve ulusal şebekeye bağlanabilen gemi için elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır.Sonuçlar, önerilen sistem ile enerji maliyetinde yaklaşık %46’lık bir tasarruf,CO2 salımında ise yaklaşık%33’lük bir azalma sağlanacağını göstermektedir.
HOME energy use, ENERGY industries, RESIDENTIAL energy conservation, CONSTRUCTION industry, and SUSTAINABLE buildings
Abstract
The importance of sustainable development and energy efficiency efforts has increased in the construction sector. Energy-saving efforts for buildings have become more important due to the global energy crisis, and energy rating systems have been developed globally for assessment of energy performance. In this study, international green building certificate and energy performance certificate (EPC) systems are presented. The official EPC system for buildings in Turkey is illustrated with case studies. Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from residential buildings are calculated using the official national software, which is called BEP-TR. The impact of lighting on the total energy performance of residential buildings is also examined. Changes in energy performance values are discussed for various cases. As a result of this study, it was determined that residential buildings constructed before 2000 consume more energy than those constructed after 2000; they are a lower energy performance class of buildings. Use of energy-saving lamps has also had a positive impact on both lighting and total energy performance classes. This paper aims to contribute to the promotion of building energy certification systems and energy efficiency issues for the construction sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
The importance of sustainable development and energy efficiency efforts has increased in the construction sector. Energy-saving efforts for buildings have become more important due to the global energy crisis, and energy rating systems have been developed globally for assessment of energy performance. In this study, international green building certificate and energy performance certificate (EPC) systems are presented. The official EPC system for buildings in Turkey is illustrated with case studies. Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from residential buildings are calculated using the official national software, which is called BEP-TR. The impact of lighting on the total energy performance of residential buildings is also examined. Changes in energy performance values are discussed for various cases. As a result of this study, it was determined that residential buildings constructed before 2000 consume more energy than those constructed after 2000; they are a lower energy performance class of buildings. Use of energy-saving lamps has also had a positive impact on both lighting and total energy performance classes. This paper aims to contribute to the promotion of building energy certification systems and energy efficiency issues for the construction sector.
International Journal of Energy Research; Jun2018, Vol. 42 Issue 8, p2741-2756, 16p, 1 Color Photograph, 4 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 4 Graphs, 1 Map
Subjects
SMART power grids, ENERGY management, ALTERNATIVE fuels, BULK carrier cargo ships, and CAPITAL costs
Abstract
Summary: In this paper, a new energy management algorithm has been suggested for the ships connected with alternative energies considering the smart electricity grid features. The algorithm focuses on the use of optimum energy source on the shipboard based on the priorities of authorities such as the most economic, environmental, or both criteria at the ports. The algorithm is performed in MATLAB, and several case studies are simulated to validate the results. The 5 maritime nations, which are at different regions: United States, Belgium, Turkey, China, and Australia, are taken into account in the case studies. The actual data of a bulk carrier ship have been used to achieve tangible results in the simulations. The results of the case studies are compared to determine the changes of energy cost and released emission to meet demand of electricity on the ships. Capital cost of the proposed concept is also given to make an economic evaluation. The results show that the ship energy management algorithm provides the significant economic and environmental advantages. This paper aims to contribute to the importance of the ships in the smart electricity grid concept for the maritime and electricity sector representatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Kalayci M, Cetinkaya E, Suren E, Yigit K, and Erol MK
Seminars in ophthalmology [Semin Ophthalmol] 2021 Feb 22, pp. 1-6. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Feb 22.
Abstract
Purpose : The objective of this study was to analyze the quality of videos on YouTube as educational resources about keratoplasty surgery. Methods : The first 100 videos found after the keyword "keratoplasty for patients" was used in the YouTube search engine were included in the study. General video assessment included duration, views, likes, dislikes, and comments. The quality and accuracy of the information were evaluated by 2 independent ophthalmologists using DISCERN score, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) score, global quality score and usefulness scoring system. Interobserver agreement and individual correlations of the data of each video were statistically analyzed. Results : Eighty-four of the first 100 videos met the inclusion criteria. The mean DISCERN score was 42.11, the mean JAMA score was 1.82, the mean global quality score was 2.35, and the mean usefulness score was 2.01. Twenty-eight (33.3%) of the surgical procedures described in the videos were penetrating keratoplasty, 18 (21.4%) were DMEK, 13 (15.5%) were DALK, four (4.8%) were DSAEK, and one (1.2%) was keratoprosthesis, while the remaining 20 (23.8%) videos did not mention any surgical procedure. Of the 84 videos, 26 (31%) had been uploaded by physicians, 46 (54.8%) by university/private health institutions, 11 (13.1%) by health channels, and one (1.2%) by a patient. Conclusion : YouTube is an important platform that can be used by patients to acquire information about keratoplasty. Increasing the number of uploads of informative keratoplasty videos by healthcare professionals will provide higher quality, more reliable, and more instructive content in this area.
Yigit K, Inan ÜÜ, Inan S, Dogan M, Yavas GF, and Cetinkaya E
International ophthalmology [Int Ophthalmol] 2021 Jan 23. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jan 23.
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate changes in macular and panretinal neuroretinal functions by electroretinographic examinations in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with intravitreal ranibizumab. Material and Methods: Sixty-four patients with DME were included in this prospective study. Patients were treated with ranibizumab injection according to the PRN regimen for over 12 months. Before treatment, all patients underwent fundus fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) assessment, full-field (ff-ERG), and multifocal electroretinography (mf-ERG). In monthly visits, BCVA and OCT were performed. Besides, mf-ERG recordings were obtained at months 3, 6, 9, and 12, and ff-ERG was performed at month 12. Results: Fifty-eight patients completed the study. The mean age was 61.1 ± 8.5 (39-80) years. The mean number of injections was 6.19 ± 1.9. The decimal BCVA improved from 0.30 to 0.45 during the 12-month follow-up (p < 0.05). Macular thickness decreased from 413.5 μm to 329.5 μm (p < 0.05). The mf-ERG recordings in the central macular region showed improvements N1 and P1 amplitudes at months 9 and 12. There was a positive correlation between the baseline central (p < 001; r: - 0.378 and p < 0.05; r:-0.335, respectively), the second ring (p < 0.05; r: - 0.260 and p < 0.05; r: - 0.270, respectively) P1- and N1-wave amplitudes, and the BCVA at month 12. Full-field ERG recordings showed that peripheral neuroretinal responses were maintained or improved at month 12. Statistically significant improvements in BCVA and macular thickness were observed at all follow-up visits. Conclusion: Multifocal electroretinographic recording started to improve 6 months after the beginning of intravitreal ranibizumab treatment in eyes with DME. This improvement was significant at months 9 and 12. A significant improvement in ff-ERG was observed at month 12.
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