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GOVERNMENT business enterprises, MANUFACTURING processes, SOCIALISM -- China -- History, CHINA, and HISTORY of government business enterprises

The article explores Chinese socialism and the history of state-owned enterprises (SOE) in China particularly steel manufacturer Anshan Iron & Steel Works. Topics discussed include the reliance of SOE in the Chinese region of Manchuria on machines and manufacturing knowledge imparted by the Soviet Union in the 1950s, the contribution of SOE in Maoist China to the Chinese socialist political economy, and the link between Chinese SOE and state bureaucracy.

China -- Politics & government, Socialism -- China, Capitalism -- China, Solidarity, Chinese investments, South America -- Foreign relations, and United States -- Foreign economic relations

China's engagement with global capitalism is driven by the emergence of a statist and private transnational capitalist class. Nevertheless, aspects of China's foreign policy from the Maoist period still echo today. Consequently, elements of third world solidarity and opposition to Western domination continue to exist as China's past is redefined to further its transnational strategies in Latin America and the US. The main Chinese investments in South America have been in energy and infrastructure among the left lead countries of the Pink Tide. In the US, Chinese capital has grown despite heated political rhetoric. This paper will examine how economic ties in South and North America reflect past and present conditions, and if China has initiated a non-Western globalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALISM, MODERNITY, CHINA, HUNGARY -- Social conditions, and MAGYAR (Hungary)

This paper reconstructs the ways in which the Hungarian People's Army Performing Arts Ensemble arranged its repertoire to perform socialist Hungary in the autumn of 1956, during the Ensemble's tour in the People's Republic of China. The paper performs a close reading of a single archival document, the program of the Ensemble's début performance before non-European socialist audiences that took place in Shenyang on September 21, 1956. The repertoire featured a simple chronological, quasi-historical overview of musical and dance traditions from Hungary. It offered a vague, highly stylized set of references to Hungary's military traditions. It attempted to realize the triple formula of a new, 'modern, Magyar, European,' art form, and foregrounded a plebian ('peasant-') progressive-patriotic theme with hints of ethnic nationalism. The program provided the absolute minimum of the standard Stalinist fare, resolutely avoided any reference to the USSR or Russia, and, most fascinating, closed with a self-ironical dance piece featuring a powerful allegorical story of socialism with a 'Hungarian face,' something that represented a resolute break with the Stalinist aesthetic canon and reinforced the group's political commitment to a socialism that is 'modern, Magyar and European.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematical models of decision making, Socialism -- China, Rule of law, Fuzzy sets, and Civilization -- Chinese influences

It is a complex system, which has extensive content, to build socialistic political civilization. Socialistic political civilization includes lots of aspects, such as political consciousness civilization, political system civilization, political behavior civilization and civilization of the rule of law. Comrade Jian Zemin points out, the rule of law belongs to the category of political construction; it is one of the content of political civilization. During the new historical era of building the well-to-do society in an all-round way, to strengthen the rule of law and to build the socialist country running by law is not only the important content and symbol of socialistic political civilization, but also the necessary insurance and way to build it. In this paper, we study on the multiple attribute decision making problems to evaluate the efficiency of socialism with Chinese characteristics by the rule of law with triangular fuzzy information. Then, we have developed the triangular fuzzy Hamacher correlated geometric (TFHCG) operator. We have exploited the TFHCG operator to multiple attribute decision making to evaluate the efficiency of socialism with Chinese characteristics by the rule of law with triangular fuzzy information. In the end, an example to evaluate the efficiency of socialism with Chinese characteristics by the rule of law with triangular fuzzy information has been proposed to prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RURAL population, SOCIALISM, CULTURE, EVERYDAY life, and MANNERS & customs

From the mid-twentieth century, the evolving tension between modernity and tradition has become a troublesome issue for the newly-established independent nation-states in Asia. With the ethnographic methodology of field study, this article retraces the drama practice in 1960s’ rural China and tries to reveal the practical formation and specifically, the operative mechanism with which the socialist new culture remolds and summons the subjectivity of People. In such practical process, the subjectivity of People is a key concept of socialist values and a leading principle of people’s everyday life in rural China, which contributes to the formation of a “new tradition” in practice. The “new tradition” has a profound influence on the pathway of the Chinese socialist development, and may also provide necessary reference to other Asian states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALISM, HISTORY, ECONOMIC policy, GREAT powers (International relations), CHINA, TIANANMEN Square Massacre, China, 1989, and CHINA -- Foreign relations -- 1976-

When external eyes turned to China 30 years ago (if they did at all), the focus was still on the extent to which it might be breaking away from its socialist economic past. And though we did not know it at the time, intra-elite debates over how far (and to where) reforms should go would eventually play some part in shaping what happened in Tiananmen Square in 1989; events that would place China on the verge of international isolation. This paper traces the evolution from isolation to a position where some in China now think it is now second only to the USA in the ranking of world powers. It will focus on how scholarship on China in the journal has changed over the years, but also on some of the constants and recurring questions and issues that have inspired research over the years. In addition, notwithstanding a very real and very large shift in China's global power capabilities, it will suggest that asking if China matters, or more correctly, how China matters in different issue areas, remains a very useful intellectual exercise today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic development, Mixed economy, Socialism -- China, and Maoism

It has been 40 years since Deng Xiaoping broke dramatically with Maoist ideology and the Maoist variant of socialism. Since then, China has been transformed. Forty years ago, in 1978, China was unquestionably a socialist economy of the familiar and well-studied 'command economy' variant, even though it was more decentralized and more loosely planned than its Soviet progenitor. Twenty years ago-that is, by the late 1990s-China had completely discarded this type of socialism and was moving decisively to a market economy. China today is quite different both from the command economy of 40 years ago, and from the 'Wild West Capitalism' of 20 years ago. Throughout these enormous changes, China has always officially claimed to be socialist. Does the 'socialist' label make sense when applied to China today? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALISM, CIVIL society, CHINA, and CHINA -- Politics & government

This article analyzes the Chinese Communist Party’s “Core Socialist Values” (shèhuì zhŭyì héxīn jiàzhíguān) to show how each of these twelve values is defined, both independently and in relation to others. Using a Gramscian analytical approach, the article examines how a Chinese “integral state” is being prepared to ensure that consensus to the state’s proscribed values is not undermined by competing discourses. Consideration is given to how civil society becomes the ground for building consensus, reinforced by coercive strategies emanating from the Chinese state. In conclusion, the paper argues that the Core Socialist Values campaign represents a shift in focus under the current Xi Jinping Administration to emphasize the superstructure over the economic base, with the objective of creating citizens of and for the People’s Republic of China. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

MIGRANT labor, SOCIALISM, CAPITALISM, LOSERS, CORPORATE capitalism, and CHINA

This article examines the emergence since 2011 of the ‘Diaosi’ (loser) identity among second-generation migrant workers in China. This subjective identification of a new social category with little hope can be contrasted with the hopeful policy constructions of a strong China eager to promote the civilizing ‘suzhi’ (population quality) of its population nationally and internationally. Yet, as this article shows, in four steps, these phenomena are intertwined. First, it locates the emergence of this ‘Diaosi’ subject in the global and national dialectics of hope in China since the global financial crisis. Second, drawing on neo-Foucauldian and neo-Gramscian scholarship, Diaosi marginality is related to the interactions among global capitalist production, the socialist market economy, continuous state domination via a household registration system (hukou), and the civilising discourse of ‘suzhi’. Third, it shows how the Diaosi embody their multiplex loser identity and marginality affectively and expressively in their everyday demeanour. Fourth, it examines recent efforts by state/corporate capital and the party-state to re-make and re-hegemonize Diaosi life in the name of consumption, civility, and social stability. The article ends with some neo-Gramscian remarks on the complexities and contradictory consciousness of marginal social categories, such as the Diaosi, and their openness to passive revolution and (re-) hegemonization. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

COVID-19, COVID-19 pandemic, SOCIALISM, SOCIALISM -- China, WESTERN countries, and POLITICAL systems

This article compares the response of the Chinese state to the COVID-19 pandemic with that of the major Western capitalist countries. It collates evidence showing that China has mobilised unprecedented governmental, economic, technological, scientific and human resources in order to get the viral outbreak under control. In countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom, on the other hand, the response to COVID-19 has thus far been insufficient, and as a result these countries have not had anywhere near China's level of success in protecting their populations from infection. Analysing the reasons for this disparity, the article concludes that China's socialist economic and political system, along with the leadership of the Communist Party of China, have been indispensable factors in China's extraordinary efforts to respond to one of the greatest threats to humanity in modern history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radio broadcasting, Socialism -- China -- History, Government ownership, and Political parties -- History

When socialist China was founded in 1949, led by the Chinese Communist Party and with Mao Zedong as the leader, radio was the most technologically viable medium with little presence of television. As propaganda is the dominant conception mobilized to interpret the role of media in Mao-era China (1949-76), radio is no exception. However, we still do not fully understand how radio worked and the degree to which programming shaped both public and individual life during this era. Addressing these questions is crucial if we are to explore the involvement of radio in modernizing Mao-era China beyond propaganda. Drawing largely upon Chinese material available pertinent to radio in Mao-era China, this article starts by examining the circumstances in which a state-owned radio system was constructed. It then moves on to scrutinize the materiality and forms of listening exercised in Chinese everyday lived reality. It investigates: several radio genres that were prominent during the Maoist era; and; the multiple dimensions that guided radio's production of a socialist subject. Taking the historical context and specific radio practices into account, this article aims to address issues - both theoretical and empirical - to localize the relationship between radio and modernization in socialist China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALISM, CHINESE folklore, CHINA, and CULTURAL Revolution, China, 1966-1969

An introduction is presented in which the edsitor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including inaugural of the journal "Geyao zhoukan," politicized disciplinary orientation in socialist China, and disciplinary communication between international folklore and Chinese scholars.