New Statesman. 9/13/2019, Vol. 148 Issue 5488, p30-33. 4p. 1 Color Photograph.
Subjects
PHILOSOPHERS, HOMELESSNESS, LIBERALISM, and FASCISM
Abstract
The article discusses the posthumous revival of German philosopher Martin Heidegger's ideas. Topics covered include his affiliation with the Nazi Party, how his denial of mind-body dualism influences fields such as architecture and art history, and his role as an inspiration for neo-fascists and ultra-conservatives. Also mentioned are Heidegger's belief that homelessness is becoming the destiny of the world and his understanding of liberalism.
New Yorker. 10/14/2019, Vol. 95 Issue 42, p34-39. 6p. 1 Color Photograph, 2 Cartoon or Caricatures.
Subjects
PHILOSOPHERS, PHILOSOPHY & politics, and INTELLECTUAL life -- History
Abstract
The author acknowledges the influence, social experiences and contributions of German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, particularly in the field of politics and modern intellectual history. Topics discussed include his relationship with German composer Richard Wagner, the evidence of his influence in world politics according to Ronald Beiner in his book "Dangerous Minds," and Alexander Nehamas's account of Nietzsche in his book "Nietzsche: Life as Literature."
Utilitarianism--History, Philosophers--Biography, and Philosophy--History
Abstract
A colorful history of utilitarianism told through the lives and ideas of Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, and its other foundersIn The Happiness Philosophers, Bart Schultz tells the colorful story of the lives and legacies of the founders of utilitarianism—one of the most influential yet misunderstood and maligned philosophies of the past two centuries.Best known for arguing that'it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong,'utilitarianism was developed by the radical philosophers, critics, and social reformers William Godwin (the husband of Mary Wollstonecraft and father of Mary Shelley), Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart and Harriet Taylor Mill, and Henry Sidgwick. Together, they had a profound influence on nineteenth-century reforms, in areas ranging from law, politics, and economics to morals, education, and women's rights. Their work transformed life in ways we take for granted today. Bentham even advocated the decriminalization of same-sex acts, decades before the cause was taken up by other activists. As Bertrand Russell wrote about Bentham in the late 1920s,'There can be no doubt that nine-tenths of the people living in England in the latter part of last century were happier than they would have been if he had never lived.'Yet in part because of its misleading name and the caricatures popularized by figures as varied as Dickens, Marx, and Foucault, utilitarianism is sometimes still dismissed as cold, calculating, inhuman, and simplistic.By revealing the fascinating human sides of the remarkable pioneers of utilitarianism, The Happiness Philosophers provides a richer understanding and appreciation of their philosophical and political perspectives—one that also helps explain why utilitarianism is experiencing a renaissance today and is again being used to tackle some of the world's most serious problems.
PHILOSOPHERS, SCHOLARS, LOGICIANS, WORK, and HUMAN behavior
Abstract
The article focuses on philosophers have devoted considerable attention to these questions during the past forty years or so and Peter Singer's Animal Liberation, which makes a case similar to Korsgaard' though from a utilitarian rather than a Kantian point of view. It includes that every philosopher knows, to get your readers to see what your distinctions come to and what work they do is just about the whole game and Korsgaard is very good at that.
THESIS statements (Rhetoric), MEDIEVAL philosophers, MEDIEVAL philosophy, POLITICAL philosophy, and THEORY of knowledge
Abstract
The current study analyzes John Marenbon's thesis concerning the continuing significance of the History of Medieval Philosophy, especially as this thesis contributes to the current debate about the contribution of history of the History of Philosophy. To contextualize and clarify Marenbon's approach to the issue, this paper examines both the explicit sources of his argument as well as other implicit sources supporting it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PROTESTANTS, PHILOSOPHERS, HISTORIANS, CHRISTIANITY, and ANGLICANS
Abstract
The concept of a 'New Reformation' has a long history among Protestant intellectuals. Protestant theologians, philosophers, historians and men of science have all called for another reformation of religion, a purification of Protestant Christianity rather than its abandonment. But in the hands of nineteenth-century scientific naturalists, dissident intellectuals and even liberal Anglicans, the trope of 'New Reformation' underwent a dramatic transformation. From a Protestant self-critique, the trope became a polemic against orthodox Christian belief. While the new 'reformers' continued to use the language of Protestants, they ultimately rejected the doctrinal beliefs of traditional Christianity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PHILOSOPHERS, THEORY of knowledge, and MODERN literature
Abstract
An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on the theme of philosopher work in philosophical essay with an epistemological dilemma, including intersection of early modern literature and science, and requirements of early modern natural philosophy.
JUDGMENT (Ethics), PHILOSOPHERS, INTUITION, EXPLANATION, and PSYCHOLOGISTS
Abstract
The moral dumbfounding phenomenon for harmless taboo violations is often cited as a critical piece of empirical evidence motivating anti-rationalist models of moral judgment and decision-making. Moral dumbfounding purportedly occurs when an individual remains obstinately and steadfastly committed to a moral judgment or decision even after admitting inability to provide reasons and arguments to support it (Haidt, 2001). Early empirical support for the moral dumbfounding phenomenon led some philosophers and psychologists to suggest that affective reactions and intuitions, in contrast with reasons or reasoning, are the predominant drivers of moral judgments and decisions. We investigate an alternative reason-based explanation for moral dumbfounding: that putatively harmless taboo violations are judged to be morally wrong because of the high perceived likelihood that the agents could have caused harm, even though they did not cause harm in actuality. Our results indicate that judgments about the likelihood of causing harm consistently and strongly predicted moral wrongness judgments. Critically, a manipulation drawing attention to harms that could have occurred (but did not actually occur) systematically increased the severity of moral wrongness judgments. Thus, many participants were sensitive to at least one reason -- the likelihood of harm--in making their moral judgments about these kinds of taboo violations. We discuss the implications of these findings for rationalist and anti-rationalist models of moral judgment and decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Language in India. May2019, Vol. 19 Issue 5, p115-125. 11p.
Subjects
Dialogue, Rhetoric, Philosophers, Narratives in literature, Poetry (Literary form), and Literary interpretation
Abstract
Plato is one of the greatest philosophers in the western philosophical tradition and he is the first one whose complete works are still available to us. We have very little data on his life and literary activity. As a result, many conflicting theories have been developed by scholars of various times regarding the interpretation of Plato's dialogues and their chronology to the extent it bears on that interpretation. This paper delves into one aspect of Platonic scholarship that studies the literariness in Plato's dialogues, taking illustrations from two of his works. It argues how Platonic scholarship is slowly paying attention to his rhetoric and poetry while studying his comments on the same. This paper aims at studying the platonic writings of Socrates' speeches from the current critical perspective of western scholars and presents sample dialogues. Stephen Halliwell, Annie Mary Bowery, Griswold and Kauffman are some of the leading Plato scholars who view these philosophic writings as dramatic dialogues that are descriptive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Journal of Case Research. Dec2018, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p40-52. 13p.
Subjects
PHILOSOPHERS, SUICIDE, COGNITIVE dissonance, and SOCIOLOGICAL research
Abstract
The case highlights the plight of an aspiring youth of India, named Rohith Chakravarti Vemula. He was Indian PhD scholar at the University of Hyderabad, who committed suicide fighting for the plight of oppressed caste especially Dalits. In July 2015, tensions started when the University reportedly stopped paying Rohith stipend after he was found to be an active member of the radical disadvantage organisation ASA that has over the years firmly established its existence in the University. During the last few decades, India has recorded the highest number of student suicide cases. Student"s suicide numbers are growing and is frequently making it to the newspaper headlines. It is a major concern for stakeholders of professional Universities, policy makers and celebrity campaigns. Rather than getting into the politico-religious issues, the case draws from concepts in Psychology such as Cognitive Dissonance and Sociological isolation to understand the phenomenon behind youth suicide. Consequently, the case signals a strong reminder for cultivating collective consciousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Philosophers, Philosophers--Denmark--Biography, Theologians, and Theologians--Denmark--Biography
Abstract
A small, insignificant-looking intellectual with absurdly long legs, Søren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) was a veritable Hans Christian Andersen caricature of a man. A strange combination of witty cosmopolite and melancholy introvert, he spent years writing under a series of fantastical pseudonyms, lavishing all the splendor of his magnificent mind on a seldom-appreciative world. He had a tragic love affair with a young girl, was dominated by an unforgettable Old Testament father, fought a sensational literary duel with a popular satiric magazine, and died in the midst of a violent quarrel with the state church for which he had once studied theology. Yet this iconoclast produced a number of brilliant books that have profoundly influenced modern thought. In this classic biography, the celebrated Kierkegaard translator Walter Lowrie presents a charming and warmly appreciative introduction to the life and work of the great Danish writer. Lowrie tells the story of Kierkegaard's emotionally turbulent life with a keen sense of drama and an acute understanding of how his life shaped his thought. The result is a wonderfully informative and entertaining portrait of one of the most important thinkers of the past two centuries. This edition also includes Lowrie's wry essay'How Kierkegaard Got into English,'which tells the improbable story of how Lowrie became one of Kierkegaard's principal English translators despite not learning Danish until he was in his 60s, as well as a new introduction by Kierkegaard scholar Alastair Hannay.
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