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Control theory, operational research, Automatique, recherche opérationnelle, Civil engineering, Génie civil, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Batiment. Travaux publics, Buildings. Public works, Généralités, General, Etablissement de projets. Techniques de conception, Project management. Process of design, Classification, Clasificación, Gestion projet, Project management, Gestión proyecto, Industrie construction, Construction industry, Industria construcción, Marché contrat, Procurement, Contrato, Méthode numérique, Numerical method, Método numérico, Norme ISO, ISO standard, Norma ISO, Programme recherche, Research program, Programa investigación, Recommandation, Recommendation, Recomendación, Résultat, Result, Resultado, Technologie information communication, Information communication technology, Nueva tecnología información comunicación, Technologie, Technology, Tecnología, Construction procurement, Digital technologies, ISO 10845, Information and communication technology, and Literature survey

Digital technologies are increasingly being used to support the execution of all aspects of the construction procurement process. However, there has been no systematic attempt to identify and catalogue the different digital technologies and tools available for executing construction procurement activities so as to guide those involved in procurement on the options available to support the six basic procurement activities identified in ISO 10845. The method used to identify 36 different digital technologies and tools used in construction procurement was a literature survey involving systematic identification and review of 78 articles published in 52 different sources between 1993 and 2014. The 36 digital technologies and tools identified include ten generic tools used across the procurement process. This is followed by four applications for establishing what is to be procured; four for soliciting tender offers; one for establishment of procurement strategy; two for tender evaluation, two for award of contract and thirteen for contract administration. The research shows that the majority of existing digital technologies are web-based applications that facilitate real-time communication and collaboration across construction supply chains. The effort made to map digital technologies with the ISO 10845 framework presents a useful contribution to current discourse on digital technology use in construction procurement. It seems interesting that despite the progress made in the evolution and use of digital technologies in construction, there is still no single digital technology which integrates all six construction procurement activities into a system that procurers can adopt to manage the entire construction procurement lifecycle. This should be addressed.

Sustainable development, Développement durable, Environment, Environnement, Management economics, Gestion, économie, management, Pollution, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Pollution, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Ecologie animale, vegetale et microbienne, Animal, plant and microbial ecology, Ecologie appliquée, Applied ecology, Conservation, protection, gestion de l'environnement, de la flore et de la faune, Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife, Environnement et développement durable, Environment and sustainable development, Agronomie. Sciences du sol et productions vegetales, Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions, Agriculture, Agricultura, Cycle vie (environnement), Life cycle (environment), Ciclo vida (medio ambiente), Développement durable, Sustainable development, Desarrollo sostenible, Protection environnement, Environmental protection, Protección medio ambiente, Prévention pollution, Pollution prevention, Prevención polución, Technologie information communication, Information communication technology, Nueva tecnología información comunicación, Traçabilité, Traceability, Rastreabilidad, Agricultural LCA, Information and communication technology, and Streamlined life cycle inventory

Quantitative environmental assessment methodologies such as life cycle assessment demand significant time and resource inputs during the data acquisition and life cycle inventory (LCI) phase. Approaches to streamline the LCI data collection process without degrading data quality are therefore required. This requirement is especially true for agricultural products, as agricultural systems are inherently 'open' and complex. We present a two-part paper on this topic. In this first part, we examine streamlined methods for LCI data collection in agriculture by using today's voluntary or compulsory farm traceability information systems and related information and communication technologies (ICTs), with the aim of later converting them into LCI data. The second part is to examine the application of these technologies in a case study. Our hypothesis is that both traceability data and ICTs could be major drivers for generating accurate, relevant and low-cost LCI data for use in quantitative environmental assessments of agricultural product performance. To that end, we identified the types of data being collected in agriculture as a part of current business practice, especially those with relevance to LCA studies. We also examined the status and current trends in ICTs in use in agriculture to identify the potential for automating LCI data generation. The review identified considerable potential to piggy-back current trends in ICTs in agriculture with the goal of simplifying LCI data collection. This study concludes that given the increasing need to collect traceability data in modern agriculture and the parallel growing adoption of information and communication technologies, it is likely that ICTs and associated information systems will represent an important potential route for the acquisition of future LCI data.

Ecology, Ecologie, Environment, Environnement, Pollution, Toxicology, Toxicologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Ecologie animale, vegetale et microbienne, Animal, plant and microbial ecology, Ecologie appliquée, Applied ecology, Environnement et développement durable, Environment and sustainable development, Analyse, Analysis, Análisis, Biens et services, Goods and services, Développement durable, Sustainable development, Desarrollo sostenible, Economie ressource, Conservation of resources, Economía recursos, Energie renouvelable, Renewable energy, Energía renovable, Filière agroalimentaire, Agri-food chains, Cadena agroalimentaria, Infrastructure transport, Transportation infrastructure, Infraestructura transporte, Modèle entreprise, Business model, Modelo empresa, Stratégie, Strategy, Estrategia, Technologie information communication, Information communication technology, Nueva tecnología información comunicación, Empreinte écologique, Ecological footprint, Huella ecológica, MIPS, Material input per service unit, Material footprint, Potential analysis, Resource consumption, and Resource efficiency

Despite rising prices for natural resources during the past 30 years, global consumption of natural resources is still growing. This leads to ecological, economical and social problems. So far, however, limited effort has been made to decrease the natural resource use of goods and services. While resource efficiency is already on the political agenda (EU and national resource strategies), there are still substantial knowledge gaps on the effectiveness of resource efficiency improvement strategies in different fields. In this context and within the project Material Efficiency and Resource Conservation, the natural resource use of 22 technologies, products and strategies was calculated and their resource efficiency potential analysed. In a preliminary literature- and expert-based identification process, over 250 technologies, strategies, and products, which are regarded as resource efficient, were identified. Out of these, 22 subjects with high resource efficiency potential were selected. They cover a wide range of relevant technologies, products and strategies, such as energy supply and storage, Green IT, transportation, foodstuffs, agricultural engineering, design strategies, lightweight construction, as well as the concept Using Instead of Owning. To assess the life-cycle-wide resource use of the selected subjects, the material footprint has been applied as a reliable indicator. In addition, sustainability criteria on a qualitative basis were considered. The results presented in this paper show significant resource efficiency potential for many technologies, products and strategies.

Energy, Énergie, Environment, Environnement, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Energie, Energy, Etudes générales, économiques et professionnelles, General, economic and professional studies, Economie de l'énergie, Energy economics, Politique de l'énergie, Energy policy, Personnel. Formation professionnelle. Organisation du travail. Contrôle. Sécurité. Accidents. Maladies professionnelles, Staff. Occupational work. Work management. Control. Safety. Accidents. Professional diseases, Apprentissage, Learning, Aprendizaje, Energie renouvelable, Renewable energy, Energía renovable, Enseignement secondaire, Secondary education, Enseñanza secundaria, Enseignement supérieur, Higher education, Enseñanza superior, Formation permanente, Continuing education, Educación continua, Formation professionnelle, Occupational training, Formación profesional, Programme enseignement, Educational program, Programa enseñanza, Technologie information communication, Information communication technology, Nueva tecnología información comunicación, Introducing renewable energy in schools, Laboratory component, Public understanding of renewable energy, Renewable energy education, Teaching―learning resource materials, and University level programmes

Need for renewable energy education and training at all levels is globally recognized. During the last three decades a large number of countries across the globe have initiated academic programmes on renewable energy technologies and related aspects. A review of published literature on renewable energy education initiatives across the globe, challenges faced, and potential approaches towards efficient and effective solutions are presented in the paper.

Medical oncology, Cancérologie, Cardiology, blood circulation, phlebology, Cardiologie, appareil circulatoire, phlébologie, Hygiene and public health, epidemiology, occupational medicine, Hygiène et santé publique, épidémiologie, médecine du travail, Microbiology, infectious diseases, Microbiologie, maladies infectieuses, Nutrition, obesity, metabolic disorders, Nutrition, obésité, maladies métaboliques, Toxicology, Toxicologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Generalites, General aspects, Sante publique. Hygiene-medecine du travail, Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine, Santé publique. Hygiène, Public health. Hygiene, Mesures de prévention et actions, Prevention and actions, Divers, Miscellaneous, Homme, Human, Hombre, Sport, Deporte, Trouble de la nutrition, Nutrition disorder, Trastorno nutricíon, A domicile, At home, A domicilio, Basketball, Baloncesto, Dépistage, Medical screening, Descubrimiento, Enfant, Child, Niño, Environnement physique, Physical environment, Medio ambiente físico, Environnement social, Social environment, Contexto social, Equipement, Equipment, Equipo, Etat nutritionnel, Nutritional status, Estado nutricional, Exercice physique, Physical exercise, Ejercicio físico, Obésité, Obesity, Obesidad, Ordinateur, Computer, Computadora, Relation sociale, Social relation, Relación social, Soutien social, Social support, Apoyo social, Sédentaire, Sedentary, Sedentario, Technologie information communication, Information communication technology, Nueva tecnología información comunicación, Temps, Time, Tiempo, Childhood obesity, Electronic media, Home environment, Parental support, Physical activity equipment, and Screen time

Background. Given the obesity epidemic, it is critical to understand factors associated with youth physical activity and sedentary behavior at home, where youth spend significant time. We examined relationships between these child behaviors and home environment factors. Methods. Data were obtained from 713 children aged 6 to 11 in Washington and California 2007―2009. Multivariate regression analyses controlling for socio-demographics examined associations between parent-reported home environment factors and child's accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time, overall and at home, and parent-reported child screen time. Results. Children averaged 47.2% of time at home, which included 43.6% and 46.4% of overall MVPA and sedentary behavior, respectively. Parental support for physical activity and having a basketball hoop were positively associated with MVPA and negatively associated with sedentary behavior. Combined parental support and a basketball hoop was associated with even higher MVPA. Children with fewer bedroom media devices and more fixed play equipment had lower overall sedentary behavior and screen time than either factor alone. Findings were similar regardless of weight status. Conclusions. Physical and social home environment variables, especially when combined, were related to more child MVPA and less sedentary behavior. Results support addressing multiple home environment factors in childhood obesity prevention.

Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Electronics, Electronique, Computer science, Informatique, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Agronomie. Sciences du sol et productions vegetales, Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions, Phytopathologie. Zoologie agricole. Protection des cultures et des forets, Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection, Protozoaires. Invertébrés, Protozoa. Invertebrates, Lutte, Control, Arthropoda, Diptera, Déprédateur, Pest, Plaga, Insecta, Invertebrata, Tephritidae, Bactrocera dorsalis, Capteur mesure, Measurement sensor, Captador medida, Contrôle automatique, Automatic monitoring, Control automático, Dynamique population, Population dynamics, Dinámica población, Etude sur terrain, Field study, Estudio en campo, Fruit, Fruto, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Prévision, Forecasting, Previsión, Réseau capteur, Sensor array, Red sensores, Réseau sans fil, Wireless network, Red sin hilo, Technologie information communication, Information communication technology, Nueva tecnología información comunicación, Télécommunication sans fil, Wireless telecommunication, Telecomunicación sin hilo, Organisme nuisible, Pest organism, Organismo dañino, Forecast modeling, Information and communications technology, Oriental Fruit Fly, and Wireless sensor network

The Oriental Fruit Fly (OFF), Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is one of most devastating insect pests that have periodically caused serious damage to fruit farms in Taiwan and many countries in the world. In the past, many studies reported that the population dynamics of OFF was partially correlated to the weather and the historical population development of OFF in the field. By making the best use of modern info-communication technologies (ICTs), long-term pest population data and microclimate variables measured with uniquely fine spatiotemporal resolution are now available to reveal the population dynamics of OFF. An analysis of data over three years using the Vector Auto-Regressive and Moving-Average model with exogenous variables (VARMAX) was proposed to unravel the regulatory mechanism between the population dynamics of OFF and microclimate factors. In addition, the proposed model provides a 7-day forecast for population dynamics of OFF. The accuracy of 7-day risk level forecasting yielded by the proposed model ranges from 0.87 to 0.97, and the average root-mean squared errors of forecasting the population dynamics fall in the interval between 0.31 and 4.95 per day per farm. The proposed forecasting model can allow authorities to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of OFF and anticipate pest-related problems, so they can make preemptive and effective pest management decisions before the real problems occur.

Civil engineering, Génie civil, Geology, Géologie, Pollution, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Batiment. Travaux publics, Buildings. Public works, Alimentation en eau. Canalisations. Traitement de l'eau, Water supply. Pipings. Water treatment, Généralités, General, Distribution. Stockage, Distribution. Storage, Analyse donnée, Data analysis, Análisis datos, Approvisionnement eau, Water supply, Alimentación agua, Compteur, Meter, Contador, Consommation énergie, Energy consumption, Consumo energía, Distribution eau, Water distribution, Distribución agua, Gestion eau, Water management, Gestión del agua, Méthodologie, Methodology, Metodología, Rendement énergétique, Energetic efficiency, Rendimiento energético, Système intelligent, Intelligent system, Sistema inteligente, Technologie information communication, Information communication technology, Nueva tecnología información comunicación, Utilisation, Use, Uso, information and communication technology, smart metering, use cases, water supply system, and water-energy efficiency

Efficient water and energy use in water distribution systems is being limited by the lack of sufficient data about water and related energy consumption. Therefore, it is crucial to provide updated and continuous feedback information to water users. This paper describes relevant use cases to improve efficient water use and related energy consumption by water utilities and consumers through the use of smart metering technologies. A systematic approach was established to obtain a comprehensive list of possible functionalities, using the concept of use case. For the consumer domain, six high-level and 18 detailed-level use cases were obtained. For the water utility domain, seven high-level and 20 detailed-level use cases were described. The high-level use cases with higher priority to be implemented in the iWIDGET system were also identified based on the contribution of different target audiences. The list of use cases covers a comprehensive range of possible usages that can be built upon the exploitation of data related to water and energy use in water distribution systems and in households, which may be of further use as a guide for similar studies.

Environment, Environnement, Civil engineering, Génie civil, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Batiment. Travaux publics, Buildings. Public works, Généralités, General, Climatologie et bioclimatique appliquées au bâtiment, Climatology and bioclimatics for buildings, Bâtiment, Buildings, Equipements techniques des bâtiments, Building technical equipments, Génie climatique, Environmental engineering, Gestion et conservation de l'énergie dans le bâtiment, Energy management and energy conservation in building, Types de bâtiment, Types of buildings, Bâtiment commercial, Commercial building, Pollution, Pollution atmosphérique, Atmospheric pollution, Analyse énergétique, Energy analysis, Análisis energético, Centre donnée, Data center, Centro datos, Classification, Clasificación, Condition opératoire, Operating conditions, Condición operatoria, Consommation énergie, Energy consumption, Consumo energía, Cycle vie (environnement), Life cycle (environment), Ciclo vida (medio ambiente), Ecobilan, Ecobalance, Impact environnement, Environment impact, Impacto medio ambiente, Métrique, Metric, Métrico, Technologie information communication, Information communication technology, Nueva tecnología información comunicación, Empreinte carbone, Carbon footprint, Huella de carbono, Data centre metrics, Data centres, Environmental impact, and Life cycle assessment

Data centres consume high levels of energy to power the IT equipment contained within them, and extract the heat they produce. Because of the industry's heavy reliance on power, data centre metrics have historically used operational efficiency as a proxy for sustainability. More recently the industry has begun to recognise that its focus needs to go beyond energy consumption, with the creation of metrics for issues such as carbon, water and compute efficiency. However, single-issue metrics often consider only the operational phase, omitting impacts from other issues, during other stages in a facility's lifetime. Further approaches exist to assess more holistically the impact of data centres, such as building environmental assessment methods, but none have the capacity to capture fully the interlinked nature of a system, where improvements in one area and to one impact, can adversely affect a totally different area and totally different impacts. The following review of literature summarises the approach of the data centre industry to environmental impact, and provides direction for future research. Part 1 describes the energy consumption of the ICT industry and in particular data centres; current knowledge on the environmental impact of the industry; and how single-issue metrics have risen to prominence.

Environment, Environnement, Pollution, Transportation, Transports, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Transports terrestres, transports aeriens, transports maritimes, constructions navales, Ground, air and sea transportation, marine construction, Transports et trafic routiers, Road transportation and traffic, Accident circulation, Traffic accident, Accidente tráfico, Aide navigation, Navigational aid, Ayuda navegación, Analyse tendance, Trend analysis, Análisis tendencia, Aspect juridique, Legal aspect, Aspecto jurídico, Automobile, Motor car, Automóvil, Conduite véhicule, Vehicle driving, Conducción vehículo, Droit, Right, Derecho, Gestion risque, Risk management, Gestión riesgo, Innovation, Innovación, Mobilité, Mobility, Movilidad, Responsabilité, Responsibility, Responsabilidad, Réglementation, Regulation, Reglamentación, Technologie information communication, Information communication technology, Nueva tecnología información comunicación, Trafic routier, Road traffic, and Tráfico carretera

« Autonome et connecté, le véhicule de demain prend forme » titre l'Usine Digitale le 10 février 2014, à la veille de l'annonce d'une grande expérimentation en France par le Ministre chargé des transports. « Mobilité 2.0, une stratégie pour les transports intelligents », Versailles-Satory, 11 février 2014.

Transportation, Transports, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Transports terrestres, transports aeriens, transports maritimes, constructions navales, Ground, air and sea transportation, marine construction, Généralités, General, Accessibilité, Accessibility, Accesibilidad, Etude cas, Case study, Estudio caso, Information numérique, Digital information, Información numérica, Ouverture, Opening, Abertura, Stratégie, Strategy, Estrategia, Système information, Information system, Sistema información, Technologie information communication, Information communication technology, Nueva tecnología información comunicación, Transport public, Public transportation, Transporte público, Transport urbain, Urban transportation, Transporte urbano, Transport voyageur, Passenger transportation, Transporte pasajero, Téléphone portable, Mobile phone, Teléfono móvil, Données ouvertes, Open data, and Datos abiertos

La technologie a modifié la manière dont les personnes mènent leur vie trépidante. De nouveaux canaux de communication numérique se sont multipliés grâce à l'expansion des services à large bande et des réseaux WiFi, ainsi qu'à la croissance explosive de l'utilisation des tablettes, smartphones et autres appareils. Désormais, les gens font régulièrement leurs achats, consultent les informations et communiquent d'une manière à peine imaginable il y a quelques années seulement.

Energy, Énergie, Civil engineering, Génie civil, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Batiment. Travaux publics, Buildings. Public works, Généralités, General, Mesures. Techniques expérimentales, Measurements. Technique of testing, Bâtiment, Buildings, Equipements techniques des bâtiments, Building technical equipments, Génie climatique, Environmental engineering, Gestion et conservation de l'énergie dans le bâtiment, Energy management and energy conservation in building, Analyse tendance, Trend analysis, Análisis tendencia, Coût, Costs, Coste, Cycle vie (environnement), Life cycle (environment), Ciclo vida (medio ambiente), Exigence, Requirement, Exigencia, Identification par radiofréquence, Radio frequency identification, Identificación por radiofrecuencia, Industrie bâtiment, Building industry, Industria construcción, Qualité environnementale, Environmental quality, Calidad ecológica, Rendement énergétique, Energetic efficiency, Rendimiento energético, Réseau capteur, Sensor array, Red sensores, Réseau sans fil, Wireless network, Red sin hilo, Technologie information communication, Information communication technology, Nueva tecnología información comunicación, Building lifecycle, Building sector, RFID, Requirements, cost, energy efficiency, and Wireless sensor networks

The construction sector has been rather reluctant with respect to the implementation of ITC innovations that other industries have adopted for years. One of the reasons could be the lack of services by the proposed innovations especially the RFID solutions. This technology is well-researched within the building sector and is therefore used to analyse requirements for alternative technologies. The motivation of the current work is to find upcoming technologies that bring improvements into the sector, for example improved life cycle costs and energy efficiencies, increasing quality, construction and operation efficiency and reducing faults and losses. The paper also lays out requirements expected by the sector. It will be shown that the wireless sensor network technology is a strong competitor that may meet the requirements. By analysing the application of such technologies throughout the building lifecycle, the utilization can be manifold, hereby minimising overall economic costs and maximising the added values for all involved stakeholders. Based on the expectations of the sector, the experiences with the introduction of the RFID technology and by estimating the applicability of the extra services that follow the wireless sensor network, the paper will line up the requirements that the new technology has to meet to be introduced successfully.

Hygiene and public health, epidemiology, occupational medicine, Hygiène et santé publique, épidémiologie, médecine du travail, Pharmacology drugs, Pharmacologie, galénique, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Sante publique. Hygiene-medecine du travail, Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine, Santé publique. Hygiène, Public health. Hygiene, Généralités, General aspects, Planification. Prévention (méthodes). Intervention. Evaluation, Planification. Prevention (methods). Intervention. Evaluation, Divers, Miscellaneous, Traitement, Treatment, Tratamiento, Aide décision, Decision aid, Ayuda decisión, Ambulatoire, Ambulatory, Ambulatorio, Amélioration, Improvement, Mejora, Analyse avantage coût, Cost benefit analysis, Análisis coste beneficio, Analyse coût efficacité, Cost efficiency analysis, Análisis costo eficacia, Assistance ordinateur, Computer aid, Asistencia ordenador, Automatisation, Automation, Automatización, Chimiothérapie, Chemotherapy, Quimioterapia, Dossier médical électronique, Electronic medical record, Historia clínica informatizada, Economie santé, Health economy, Economía salud, Effet secondaire, Secondary effect, Efecto secundario, Erreur, Error, Iatrogène, Iatrogenic, Iatrógeno, Informatisation, Computerization, Informatización, Logiciel, Software, Logicial, Médicament, Drug, Medicamento, Pharmacovigilance, Farmacovigilancia, Prescription médicale, Medical prescription, Prescripción médica, Prise de décision, Decision making, Toma decision, Recommandation, Recommendation, Recomendación, Soin, Care, Cuidado, Sécurité, Safety, Seguridad, Technologie information communication, Information communication technology, Nueva tecnología información comunicación, Toxicité, Toxicity, Toxicidad, adverse drug events, ambulatory care, computerized physician order entry system, cost-benefit analysis (cost-effectiveness), and medication errors

Background: Computerized provider order entry (CPOE) is the process of entering physician orders directly into an electronic health record. Although CPOE has been shown to improve medication safety and reduce health care costs, these improvements have been demonstrated largely in the inpatient setting; the cost-effectiveness in the ambulatory setting remains uncertain. Objective: The objective was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of CPOE in reducing medication errors and adverse drug events (ADEs) in the ambulatory setting. Methods: We created a decision-analytic model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of CPOE in a midsized (400 providers) multidisciplinary medical group over a 5-year time horizon— 2010 to 2014— the time frame during which health systems are implementing CPOE to meet Meaningful Use criteria. We adopted the medical group's perspective and utilized their costs, changes in efficiency, and actual number of medication errors and ADEs. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. Scenario analyses were explored. Results: In the base case, CPOE dominated paper prescribing, that is, CPOE cost $18 million less than paper prescribing, and was associated with 1.5 million and 14,500 fewer medication errors and ADEs, respectively, over 5 years. In the scenario that reflected a practice group of five providers, CPOE cost $265,000 less than paper prescribing, was associated with 3875 and 39 fewer medication errors and ADEs, respectively, over 5 years, and was dominant in 80% of the simulations. Conclusions: Our model suggests that the adoption of CPOE in the ambulatory setting provides excellent value for the investment, and is a cost-effective strategy to improve medication safety over a wide range of practice sizes.

Sustainable development, Développement durable, Environment, Environnement, Management economics, Gestion, économie, management, Pollution, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Pollution, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Ecologie animale, vegetale et microbienne, Animal, plant and microbial ecology, Ecologie appliquée, Applied ecology, Conservation, protection, gestion de l'environnement, de la flore et de la faune, Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife, Environnement et développement durable, Environment and sustainable development, Capteur mesure, Measurement sensor, Captador medida, Cycle vie (environnement), Life cycle (environment), Ciclo vida (medio ambiente), Ecobilan, Ecobalance, Impact environnement, Environment impact, Impacto medio ambiente, Ingénierie environnement, Environmental engineering, Ingeniería ambiental, Méthode, Method, Método, Optimisation, Optimization, Optimización, Protection environnement, Environmental protection, Protección medio ambiente, Réseau capteur, Sensor array, Red sensores, Réseau sans fil, Wireless network, Red sin hilo, Technologie information communication, Information communication technology, Nueva tecnología información comunicación, Télécommunication sans fil, Wireless telecommunication, Telecomunicación sin hilo, Ecoconception, Ecodesign, Ecodiseňo, Evaluation environnementale, Environmental assessment, Evaluación ambiental, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), Life cycle assessment (LCA), Service ecodesign, and Wireless sensor networks (WSN)

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) enable the creation of optimization services, defined in this paper as services aimed at providing information to improve the operation of a system, for example in terms of cost or environmental efficiency. On one hand, these services may help to avoid impacts; on the other hand, they use ICT, which are impact-intensive technologies. Consequently, the impact reductions they allow must at least balance the impacts generated by the ICT infrastructures they rely on. This article provides an integrated framework for assessing the environmental impacts and for supporting the design of environmentally-sound ICT-based optimization services. The framework relies on an environmental model of information and a comprehensive ecodesign method considering three levels of analysis: equipment, infrastructure and information. The framework introduced is applied to the ecodesign of an optimization service for urban waste collection based on a city-scale wireless sensor network.

Control theory, operational research, Automatique, recherche opérationnelle, Civil engineering, Génie civil, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Batiment. Travaux publics, Buildings. Public works, Travaux de construction, Construction works, Organisation des chantiers, Site organization, Sécurité du travail, Work safety, Application, Aplicación, Audit, Audición, Chantier construction, Building site, Obra, Collecte donnée, Data gathering, Recolección dato, Conception système, System design, Concepción sistema, Etude sur terrain, Field study, Estudio en campo, Inspection, Inspección, Méthodologie, Methodology, Metodología, Orienté utilisateur, User oriented, Orientado al usuario, Pratique professionnelle, Professional practice, Práctica profesional, Prototype, Prototipo, Sécurité chantier, Construction site safety, Seguridad obra, Sécurité construction, Construction safety, Seguridad construcción, Sécurité travail, Work safety, Seguridad trabajo, Technologie information communication, Information communication technology, Nueva tecnología información comunicación, Field data collection, Field inspection, Information and communication technology, Research to practice, Safety audit, Safety inspection, Safety technology, Site inspection, and User-centered design

Occupational safety is imperative in construction, and safety inspection is among the most common practices that help enforce job safety on site. The safety inspection process, however, suffers from several drawbacks that hinder the efficiency, effectiveness, and analytical learning capacity of the process. Dedicated tools for user-centered information and communications technology could significantly reduce such drawbacks. This paper discusses the use of an original two-step user-centered design approach to develop and evaluate an iPad application that aims to address such drawbacks and improve the day-to-day practices and management of safety inspections. Evaluation results indicate the usefulness and practicality of the application and identify innovative uses not previously envisioned. Furthermore, the developed tool allows consistent data collection that can eventually be used to aid the development of advanced safety and health data analysis techniques.

Energy, Énergie, Environment, Environnement, Civil engineering, Génie civil, Pollution, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Electrotechnique. Electroenergetique, Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering, Electroénergétique, Electrical power engineering, Réseaux et lignes électriques, Power networks and lines, Energie, Energy, Etudes générales, économiques et professionnelles, General, economic and professional studies, Economie de l'énergie, Energy economics, Politique de l'énergie, Energy policy, Alimentation énergie, Energy supply, Alimentación energía, Analyse fonctionnement, Operation study, Análisis funcionamiento, Consommation électricité, Electric power consumption, Consumo electricidad, Description système, System description, Descripción sistema, Distribution énergie, Energy distribution, Distribución energía, Gestion réseau électrique, Power system management, Gestión red eléctrica, Interopérabilité, Interoperability, Interoperabilidad, Intégration, Integration, Integración, Système gestion base donnée, Database management system, Sistema gestión base datos, Système intelligent, Intelligent system, Sistema inteligente, Technologie information communication, Information communication technology, and Nueva tecnología información comunicación

Sans plaque tournante sous forme de système EDM, il est pratiquement impossible de rentabiliser l'obtention, la gestion et la communication des données dans le secteur des distributeurs d'énergie. Les systèmes EDM sont composés d'une structure modulaire, devant être suffisamment évolutive pour répondre aux exigences futures. Des données et bases de données bien structurées et normalisées facilitent la saisie et l'extension de ces systèmes. Des normes et standards ouverts en matière d'interopérabilité pour la communication interne et externe des données entre les moyens de production concernés depuis et vers les systèmes TIC sont indispensables. Ces derniers constituent une nécessité pour l'utilisation globale des Smart Meters. Les transferts de données périphériques requièrent des réseaux de communication avec un maillage de plus en plus serré, jusqu'à devenir des Smart Grids. L'objectif se situe dans l'optimisation de ces réseaux pour l'intégration avec des systèmes EDM et de contrôle du réseau. Dans le domaine WAN, la fibre optique s'est établie durablement comme support. Si l'on se penche sur les périphériques dans les différentes catégories, ces derniers ne sont pas encore matures du point de vue technologique pour l'échange ouvert des données. Les protocoles normalisés actuellement disponibles ne permettent qu'une utilisation limitée, indépendamment du fabricant. Les fabricants dans les différentes catégories ont du travail sur la planche. Durée de l'appel d'offres: alors qu'auparavant, les cycles des appels d'offres pour les moyens de production des distributeurs d'énergie étaient de l'ordre de 25 à 40 ans, ces derniers ont tendance à baisser à trois à cinq années en raison de l'intervention de moyens TIC modernes. Pour des raisons de coûts, une utilisation multiple, voire par des tiers commune à toutes les catégories doit être l'objectif. Il faut apporter une importance adéquate aux interactions et aux modifications entre les hommes, les processus et les machines. Les mécanismes sont bien trop complexes et l'objectif est de favoriser les compétences techniques à tous les niveaux. La connaissance comme ressource constitue toujours un facteur de réussite prépondérant.

Energy, Énergie, Environment, Environnement, Civil engineering, Génie civil, Pollution, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Batiment. Travaux publics, Buildings. Public works, Généralités, General, Mesures. Techniques expérimentales, Measurements. Technique of testing, Alimentation en eau. Canalisations. Traitement de l'eau, Water supply. Pipings. Water treatment, Distribution. Stockage, Distribution. Storage, Approvisionnement eau, Water supply, Alimentación agua, Contrôle qualité, Quality control, Control de calidad, Description système, System description, Descripción sistema, Gestion ressources, Resource management, Gestión recursos, Monitorage, Monitoring, Monitoreo, Réseau électrique, Electrical network, Red eléctrica, Système commande, Control system, Sistema control, Système intelligent, Intelligent system, Sistema inteligente, Technologie information communication, Information communication technology, Nueva tecnología información comunicación, Informatique en nuage, Cloud computing, and Computación en nube

Le terme de technologies de l'information et de la télécommunication (en anglais Information and Communication Technology, ICT) prend de plus en plus d'ampleur au fil des ans grâce à la large diffusion d'Internet et au rôle centralisé des services informatiques. Cette évolution est également visible dans les solutions de technique de contrôle modernes dans le secteur de l'énergie et de l'eau. Les pionniers de la «mise en réseau» sont les fournisseurs d'électricité, principalement poussés par les développements dans le secteur des énergies renouvelables intégrés dans la transition énergétique: de nombreuses petites installations de production d'électricité décentralisées devront à l'avenir garantir conjointement l'approvisionnement sûr des consommateurs - sans perte de qualité et de stabilité du réseau d'approvisionnement. Un processus laborieux: sans mise en réseau intelligente, sans traitement en temps réel des données et sans communication entre les différents équipements, une telle mise en place serait impossible. Les installations d'approvisionnement et de traitement de l'eau fonctionnent généralement sous forme autonome de nos jours. Presque tous les distributeurs d'eau communaux disposent d'un système de contrôle des processus individuel, comportant des solutions sur mesure adaptées à leurs besoins en termes de contrôle et de surveillance des processus, d'alarme, d'archivage des données et d'établissement de rapports. Les exigences posées à la qualité de l'approvisionnement et de l'eau ne cessent en revanche de croître. Cela correspond ainsi à des efforts considérables, que la plupart des distributeurs de petite et moyenne taille ont beaucoup de mal à tenir: d'une part, la pression tarifaire augmente, alors que d'autre part, les producteurs doivent entretenir de plus en plus de points de mesure, gérer, traiter et analyser les données issues des procédés analytiques complexes. C'est l'une des raisons principales à la recherche de solutions pour l'utilisation commune de ressources intelligentes. Une façon d'y arriver consiste à utiliser des solutions groupées, par ex. plusieurs communes qui se répartissent les investissements pour ainsi les amortir plus rapidement. Une autre manière s'appuie sur les services basés sur le cloud: dans ce cadre, l'utilisateur sous-traite intégralement l'infrastructure requise pour le contrôle des processus. En lieu et place, il accède avec une connexion de données sécurisée à la technologie de processus d'un prestataire centralisé, contre paiement d'un loyer correspondant. Ce dernier lui fournit le matériel et les logiciels requis, tout en les maintenant régulièrement à jour. Les avantages sont évidents: les investissements liés à un infrastructure d'ordinateurs centraux performants et individuels, ainsi que la nécessité de les entretenir, de faire la maintenance et de s'adapter continuellement aux conditions cadre en évolution sont ainsi supprimés.

Energy, Énergie, Environment, Environnement, Civil engineering, Génie civil, Pollution, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Batiment. Travaux publics, Buildings. Public works, Alimentation en eau. Canalisations. Traitement de l'eau, Water supply. Pipings. Water treatment, Distribution. Stockage, Distribution. Storage, Application, Aplicación, Approvisionnement eau, Water supply, Alimentación agua, Canalisation eau, Water pipe, Conducto agua, Compteur, Meter, Contador, Description système, System description, Descripción sistema, Flux donnée, Data flow, Flujo datos, Gestion eau, Water management, Gestión del agua, Signalisation, Signalling, Señalización, Système centralisé, Centralized system, Sistema centralizado, Système information géographique, Geographic information system, Sistema información geográfica, Système informatique, Computer system, Sistema informático, Système intelligent, Intelligent system, Sistema inteligente, Technologie information communication, Information communication technology, Nueva tecnología información comunicación, Noyau et ligne de collecte et de distribution, and Hub and spoke network

En leur qualité de prestataire de télécommunications, les Wasserwerke Zug AG (WWZ) disposent d'un savoir-faire solide en matière d'informatique. Cette base leur a permis d'utiliser au mieux des synergies importantes entre les différents départements. La condition préalable repose sur un environnement système dans lequel les différentes applications ne sont pas reliées directement, mais par le biais d'une interface centrale. Les processus de l'entreprise sont ainsi pilotés et développés de manière optimale, tout en réalisant de manière efficace l'intégration de nouvelles applications ou d'applications externes. En se basant sur les exemples du contrôle de l'installation, du GIS et du Smart Metering, cet article explique comment la gestion centralisée par interface permet d'accroître l'efficacité et l'efficience des processus dans les WWZ. Le déroulement plus efficace des processus permet de compenser les frais d'investissement et d'entretien des systèmes et des applications. Les bénéfices résident dans la professionnalisation et les analyses des données pour les tâches du futur. En outre, cela permet de profiter d'une perspective sur les procédures pour de tels projets d'intégration système.