articles+ search results

156 articles+ results

1 - 20
View results as:
Number of results to display per page

1. Bromism: An overlooked and elusive toxidrome from chronic dextromethorphan abuse [2020]

  • Monks, Sarah, Yen, May, and Myers, Justin
  • American Journal of Emergency Medicine. August, 2020, Vol. 38 Issue 8, p1696.e1.

2. Josi, Christian (1768-1828), printmaker and art dealer [2004]

  • Monks, Sarah
  • Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004.

3. Reduced anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing caused by biogenic new particle formation [2016]

  • Gordon Hamish, Sengupta Kamalika, Rap Alexandru, Duplissy Jonathan, Frege Carla, Williamson Christina, Heinritzi Martin, Simon Mario, Yan Chao, Almeida João, Tröstl Jasmin, Nieminen Tuomo, Ortega Ismael K., Wagner Robert, Dunne Eimear M., Adamov Alexey, Amorim Antonio, Bernhammer Anne-Kathrin, Bianchi Federico, Breitenlechner Martin, Brilke Sophia, Chen Xuemeng, Craven Jill S., Dias Antonio, Ehrhart Sebastian, Fischer Lukas, Flagan Richard C., Franchin Alessandro, Fuchs Claudia, Guida Roberto, Hakala Jani, Hoyle Christopher R., Jokinen Tuija, Junninen Heikki, Kangasluoma Juha, Kim Jaeseok, Kirkby Jasper, Krapf Manuel, Kürten Andreas, Laaksonen Ari, Lehtipalo Katrianne, Makhmutov Vladimir, Mathot Serge, Molteni Ugo, Monks Sarah A., Onnela Antti, Peräkylä Otso, Piel Felix, Petäjä Tuukka, Praplan Arnaud P., Pringle Kirsty J., Richards Nigel A. D., Rissanen Matti P., Rondo Linda, Sarnela Nina, Schobesberger Siegfried, Scott Catherine E., Seinfeld John H., Sharma Sangeeta, Sipilä Mikko, Steiner Gerhard, Stozhkov Yuri, Stratmann Frank, Tomé Antonio, Virtanen Annele, Vogel Alexander Lucas, Wagner Andrea C., Wagner Paul E., Weingartner Ernest, Wimmer Daniela, Winkler Paul M., Ye Penglin, Zhang Xuan, Hansel Armin, Dommen Josef, Donahue Neil M., Worsnop Douglas R., Baltensperger Urs, Kulmala Markku, Curtius Joachim, and Carslaw Kenneth S.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 113(43):12053-12058

4. Large and increasing methane emissions from Eastern Amazonia derived from satellite data, 2010-2018. [2020]

  • Wilson, Chris, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Gloor, Manuel, Parker, Robert J., Boesch, Hartmut, McNorton, Joey, Gatti, Luciana V., Miller, John B., Basso, Luana S., and Monks, Sarah A.
  • Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions; 11/10/2020, p1-38, 38p
Abstract
We use a global inverse model, satellite data and flask measurements to estimate methane (CH4) emissions from South America, Brazil and the basin of the Amazon River for the period 2010-2018. We find that emissions from Brazil have risen during this period, most quickly in the Eastern Amazon Basin, and that this concurrent with increasing surface temperatures in this region. Brazilian CH4 emissions rose from 49.8 ± 5.4 Tg(CH4)/yr in 2010-2013 to 55.6 ± 5.2 Tg(CH4)/yr in 2014-2017, with the wet season of December-March having the largest positive trend in emissions. We derive no significant trend in regional emissions from fossil fuels during this period. We find that our posterior distribution of emissions within South America is significantly and consistently changed from our prior estimates, with the strongest emission sources being in the far north of the continent and to the south and south-east of the Amazon Basin, near the mouth of the Amazon and in other wetland regions. We derive particularly large emissions during the wet season of 2013/14, when flooding was prevalent over larger regions than normal within the Amazon Basin. We compare our posterior CH4 mole fractions, derived from posterior fluxes, to independent observations of CH4 mole fraction taken at five lower to mid tropospheric vertical profiling sites over the Amazon and find that our posterior fluxes outperform prior fluxes at all locations. In particular the large emissions from the eastern Basin are shown to be in good agreement with independent observations made at Santarém, a location which has long displayed higher mole fractions of atmospheric CH4 in contrast with other Basin locations. We show that a bottom-up flux model cannot match the variation in annual fluxes, nor the positive trend in emissions, produced by the inversion. Our results show that the Amazon alone was responsible for 24 ± 18 % of the total global increase in CH4 flux during the study period, and it may contribute further in future due to its sensitivity to temperature changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

5. A model study of chemistry and transport in the Arctic troposphere [2011]

  • Monks, Sarah Anne, Arnold, S., and Chipperfield, M.
Subjects
577.14
Abstract
In this thesis the TOMCAT chemical transport model is used to investigate the processes which control the concentrations of CO and O3 in the Arctic troposphere. Particular focus is on understanding the main sources of CO, O3 and NOy species in the Arctic, distinguishing between natural and anthropogenic sources and the current drivers of interannual variability (IAV). First results from a new version of TOMCAT, with extended hydrocarbon chemistry and heterogeneous uptake of N2O5, shows better agreement with observed CO from MOPITT, surface stations and aircraft. Changes in simulated burdens demonstrate the importance of NMHC as a source of CO, O3 and PAN in the troposphere and show that the complexity of chemical schemes may have contributed to previously reported inter-model differences. The high PAN sensitivity to additional NMHC is particularly important in the Arctic as it is the dominant source of NOx in the Arctic lower troposphere, producing up to 30% of total O3 in the summer. This thesis contains the first source contribution analysis to consider impacts of fire emissions throughout the year in comparison to anthropogenic sources. Anthropogenic emissions are found to be the largest source of Arctic CO (48%), followed by methane (25%) and fires (13%). In summer, fire and anthropogenic sources contribute equally to the total CO burden. Boreal fires are the dominant source of O3 and NOx compared to anthropogenic emissions. North America contributes the largest amount (30%) to the total anthropogenic CO burden, followed by East Asia (26%), Europe (23%) and South Asia (9%). In contrast, North America makes the largest contribution (9%) to the Arctic O3 burden, followed by Europe (7%) and then Asia (6%). Overall, CO shows that the Arctic is most sensitive to emissions changes in Europe, then North America and then Asia. Fire emissions are the dominant driver of current Arctic CO IAV, causing 84-93% of observed variability. A statistically significant correlation is found between observed CO and the El Nino 3.4 index due to a link with fires. El Nino is strongly associated with increased fire emissions in regions of North, Central and South America, Africa, and Asia. In contrast, El Nino is associated with reduced fire emissions in eastern North America, Europe, southern Asia and Australia. The temperature dependence of fires in several regions indicates that fire activity will increase in a warmer climate.

6. Quantifying the causes of differences in tropospheric OH within global models [2017]

  • Nicely, Julie M., Salawitch, Ross J., Canty, Timothy, Anderson, Daniel C., Arnold, Steve R., Chipperfield, Martyn P., Emmons, Louisa K., Flemming, Johannes, Huijnen, Vincent, Kinnison, Douglas E., Lamarque, Jean‐François, Mao, Jingqiu, Monks, Sarah A., Steenrod, Stephen D., Tilmes, Simone, and Turquety, Solene
  • Journal of geophysical research.Atmospheres. 122(3):1983-2007

7. This title is not available for guests. Log in to see the title and access the article.

8. Marine art and the public sphere in Britain, 1739-1795 [2002]

  • Monks, Sarah
Subjects
758.2094109033

9. Clinical Symptoms and Modified Barium Swallow (MBS) Score in Evaluation of Pediatric Patients with Dysphagia and Aspiration [2017]

  • Monks, Sarah
Subjects
Modified Barium Swallow and Aspiration
Abstract
A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.
Dysphagia with aspiration (DA) is the most common presenting symptom of patients at Phoenix Children’s Hospital’s Aerodigestive Clinic (ADC). Dysphagia with aspiration is associated with respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms, chronic oral thickener use to prevent aspiration, secondary constipation, and occasionally, enteral tube dependency. MBS is considered the gold standard in instrumental assessment of dysphagia; it is used to evaluate severity and guide thickener treatment of DA patients, monitor progress with serial studies, and for re‐evaluation after intervention when appropriate. Previous evaluation of patients with deep interarytenoid notch given laryngoplasty injection included patients with improvement in symptoms despite post‐intervention MBS scores worsening, and vice versa, challenging the use of MBS as a longitudinal tool in clinical evaluation of patients with dysphagia and aspiration. Is MBS severity score reflective of clinical symptoms in pediatric patients with dysphagia and aspiration? A clinical questionnaire of DA symptoms was developed with input from the ADC physicians. The questionnaire was administered over 3 months to patients aged 1‐3 years who had an MBS evaluation within 6 months of their initial ADC visit, standard of care for patients with DA. 17 symptoms (12 GI and 5 pulmonary) were given a numerical score 0‐4 based on parent recall of frequency. MBS was scored 1‐10 on the thickness of liquid recommended for aspiration prevention. Individual symptoms and symptom sets (total questionnaire score, GI score, pulmonary score) were compared to MBS score using linear regression model. 30 patients were surveyed with median MBS score of 6 and range from 0 to 8. 18 patients had an MBS score above 6. Median questionnaire score was 18, with a range from 4 to 53. All analysis showed no significant correlation between individual symptoms or symptom sets and MBS score; the highest R2 value for any individual symptoms was 0.05. Among ADC patients with DA, MBS severity score did not correlate with severity or specificity of symptoms, questioning the use of MBS as a tool for diagnosing severity of persistent DA or as a repetitive tool in assessing response to laryngeal cleft surgical interventions and thickener wean therapy. These findings challenge the use of repetitive MBS in the ADC patient population. Our ultimate goal is to develop a combined clinical and radiologic tool that would minimize radiation exposure and unnecessary thickener treatment while promoting best clinical outcomes.

10. The role of conflict and competition in the development of prehistoric west Mediterranean societies from the late 4th to early 2nd millennium BC [1998]

  • Monks, Sarah J.
Subjects
930.1 and Neolithic

11. Quantifying the Causes of Differences in Tropospheric OH Within Global Models [2017]

  • Turquety, Solene, Kinnison, Douglas E, Arnold, Steve R, Lamarque. Jean-Francois, Tilmes, Simone, Monks, Sarah A, Chipperfield, Martyn P, Salawitch, Ross J, Huijnen, Vincent, Nicely, Julie M, Emmons, Louisa K, Steenrod, Stephen D, Canty, Timothy, Mao, Jingqiu, Anderson, Daniel C, and Flemming, Johannes
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (ISSN 2169-897X) (e-ISSN 2169-8996); 122; 3; 1983-2007
Subjects
Environment Pollution, Statistics and Probability, Earth Resources and Remote Sensing, and Meteorology and Climatology
Abstract
The hydroxyl radical (OH) is the primary daytime oxidant in the troposphere and provides the main loss mechanism for many pollutants and greenhouse gases, including methane (CH4). Global mean tropospheric OH differs by as much as 80% among various global models, for reasons that are not well understood. We use neural networks (NNs), trained using archived output from eight chemical transport models (CTMs) that participated in the Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models, of Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols and Transport Model Intercomparison Project (POLMIP), to quantify the factors responsible for differences in tropospheric OH and resulting CH4 lifetime (Tau CH4) between these models. Annual average Tau CH4, for loss by OH only, ranges from 8.0 to 11.6 years for the eight POLMIP CTMs. The factors driving these differences were quantified by inputting 3-D chemical fields from one CTM into the trained NN of another CTM. Across all CTMs, the largest mean differences in Tau CH4 (Delta Tau CH4) result from variations in chemical mechanisms (Delta Tau CH4 = 0.46 years), the photolysis frequency (J) of O3 yields O(D-1) (0.31 years), local O3 (0.30 years), and CO (0.23 years). The Delta Tau CH4 due to CTM differences in NO(x) (NO + NO2) is relatively low (0.17 years), although large regional variation in OH between the CTMs is attributed to NO(x). Differences in isoprene and J(NO2) have negligible overall effect on globally averaged tropospheric OH, although the extent of OH variations due to each factor depends on the model being examined. This study demonstrates that NNs can serve as a useful tool for quantifying why tropospheric OH varies between global models, provided that essential chemical fields are archived.

12. An Observationally Constrained Evaluation of the Oxidative Capacity in the Tropical Western Pacific Troposphere [2016]

  • Flemming, Johannes, Blake, Nicola J, Evans, Mathew J, Mao, Jingqui, Riemer, Daniel D, Tilmes, Simone, Wolfe, Glenn M, Campos, Teresa L, Salawitch, Ross J, Ullmann, Kirk, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Honomichl, Shawn B, Duncan, Bryan, Arnold, Steve R, Stell, Meghan H, Fernandez, Rafael P, Bresch, James F, Steenrod, Stephen D, Monks, Sarah A, Emmons, Louisa K, Huijnen, Vincent, Kaser, Lisa, Turquety, Solene, Lamarque, Jean-Francois, Canty, Timothy P, Weinheimer, Andrew J, Apel, Eric C, Montzka, Denise D, Hornbrook, Rebecca S, Nicely, Julie M, Hall, Samuel R, Kinnison, Douglas E, Anderson, Daniel C, Atlas, Elliot L, Dickerson, Russell R, Pan, Laura L, and Hanisco, Thomas F
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (ISSN 2169-897X); 121; 12; 7461–7488
Subjects
Meteorology and Climatology
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical (OH) is the main daytime oxidant in the troposphere and determines the atmospheric lifetimes of many compounds. We use aircraft measurements of O3, H2O, NO, and other species from the Convective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) field campaign, which occurred in the tropical western Pacific (TWP) during January-February 2014, to constrain a photochemical box model and estimate concentrations of OH throughout the troposphere. We find that tropospheric column OH (OHCOL) inferred from CONTRAST observations is 12 to 40% higher than found in chemical transport models (CTMs), including CAM-chem-SD run with 2014 meteorology as well as eight models that participated in POLMIP (2008 meteorology). Part of this discrepancy is due to a clear-sky sampling bias that affects CONTRAST observations; accounting for this bias and also for a small difference in chemical mechanism results in our empirically based value of OHCOL being 0 to 20% larger than found within global models. While these global models simulate observed O3 reasonably well, they underestimate NOx (NO +NO2) by a factor of 2, resulting in OHCOL approx.30% lower than box model simulations constrained by observed NO. Underestimations by CTMs of observed CH3CHO throughout the troposphere and of HCHO in the upper troposphere further contribute to differences between our constrained estimates of OH and those calculated by CTMs. Finally, our calculations do not support the prior suggestion of the existence of a tropospheric OH minimum in the TWP, because during January-February 2014 observed levels of O3 and NO were considerably larger than previously reported values in the TWP.

13. This title is not available for guests. Log in to see the title and access the article.

14. This title is not available for guests. Log in to see the title and access the article.

15. Chronic Low-Level Arsenite Exposure through Drinking Water Increases Blood Pressure and Promotes Concentric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Female Mice [2012]

  • SANCHEZ-SORIA, Pablo, BROKA, Derrick, MONKS, Sarah L, and CAMENISCH, Todd D
  • Toxicologic pathology. 40(3):504-512
Subjects
General medicine general surgery, Médecine et chirurgie générales, Pharmacology drugs, Pharmacologie, galénique, Toxicology, Toxicologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Toxicologie, Toxicology, Toxicologie des produits chimiques et industriels. Maladies professionnelles dues aux toxiques, Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases, Métaux et composés minéraux divers, Metals and various inorganic compounds, Tumeurs, Tumors, Carcinogenèse, carcinogènes et anticarcinogènes, Carcinogenesis, carcinogens and anticarcinogens, Agents chimiques, Chemical agents, Cardiologie. Appareil circulatoire, Cardiology. Vascular system, Vaisseaux sanguins et lymphatiques, Blood and lymphatic vessels, Hypertension artérielle. Hypotension artérielle, Arterial hypertension. Arterial hypotension, Mammalia, Pathologie de l'appareil circulatoire, Cardiovascular disease, Aparato circulatorio patología, Rodentia, Vertebrata, Animal, Appareil circulatoire, Circulatory system, Aparato circulatorio, Arsenic, Arsénico, Arsénite, Arsenites, Arsenito, Augmentation, Increase, Aumentación, Carcinogène, Carcinogen, Carcinógeno, Chronique, Chronic, Crónico, Coeur, Heart, Corazón, Dose faible, Low dose, Dosis débil, Eau potable, Drinking water, Agua potable, Environnement, Environment, Medio ambiente, Exposition, Exposure, Exposición, Femelle, Female, Hembra, Homme, Human, Hombre, Hypertension artérielle, Hypertension, Hipertensión arterial, Hypertrophie, Hypertrophy, Hipertrofia, Hémodynamique, Hemodynamics, Hemodinámica, Pression artérielle, Arterial pressure, Presión arterial, Pression sanguine, Blood pressure, Presión sanguínea, Souris, Mouse, Ratón, Toxicologie, Toxicology, Toxicología, Ventricule gauche, Left ventricle, Ventrículo izquierdo, arsenic, cardiovascular system, concentric hypertrophy, environmental toxicology, heart, and hypertension
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide. High incidence of cardiovascular diseases has been linked to populations with elevated arsenic content in their drinking water. Although this correlation has been established in many epidemiological studies, a lack of experimental models to study mechanisms of arsenic-related cardiovascular pathogenesis has limited our understanding of how arsenic exposure predisposes for development of hypertension and increased cardiovascular mortality. Our studies show that mice chronically exposed to drinking water containing 100 parts per billion (ppb) sodium arsenite for 22 weeks show an increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Echocardiographic analyses as well as histological assessment show concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, a primary cardiac manifestation of chronic hypertension. Live imaging by echocardiography shows a 43% increase in left ventricular mass in arsenic-treated animals. Relative wall thickness (RWT) was calculated showing that all the arsenic-exposed animals show an RWT greater than 0.45, indicating concentric hypertrophy. Importantly, left ventricular hypertrophy, although often associated with chronic hypertension, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular-related mortalities. These results suggest that chronic low-level arsenite exposure promotes the development of hypertension and the comorbidity of concentric hypertrophy.

16. Fishy Business: Richard Wright's The Fishery (1764), Marine Painting, and the Limits of Refinement in Eighteenth-Century London [2008]

  • Monks, Sarah
  • Eighteenth-Century Studies. 41(3):405-421

17. The TOMCAT global chemical transport model v1.6: description of chemical mechanism and model evaluation [2017]

  • Monks, Sarah A., Arnold, Stephen R., Hollaway, Michael J., Pope, Richard J., Wilson, Chris, Feng, Wuhu, Emmerson, Kathryn M., Kerridge, Brian J., Latter, Barry L., Miles, Georgina M., Siddans, Richard, and Chipperfield, Martyn P.
  • Geoscientific Model Development. August 17, 2017, Vol. 10 Issue 8, p3025.

18. Intercomparison and evaluation of satellite peroxyacetyl nitrate observations in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere [2016]

  • Pope, Richard J., Richards, Nigel A. D., Chipperfield, Martyn P., Moore, David P., Monks, Sarah A., Arnold, Stephen R., Glatthor, Norbert, Kiefer, Michael, Breider, Tom J., Harrison, Jeremy J., Remedios, John J., Warneke, Carsten, Roberts, James M., Diskin, Glenn S., Huey, Lewis G., Wisthaler, Armin, Apel, Eric C., Bernath, Peter F., and Feng, Wuhu
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. Nov 1, 2016, Vol. 16 Issue 21, p13541.

19. Impacts of aviation fuel sulfur content on climate and human health [2016]

  • Kapadia, Zarashpe Z., Spracklen, Dominick V., Arnold, Steve R., Borman, Duncan J., Mann, Graham W., Pringle, Kirsty J., Monks, Sarah A., Reddington, Carly L., Benduhn, François, Rap, Alexandru, Scott, Catherine E., Butt, Edward W., and Yoshioka, Masaru
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. August 24, 2016, Vol. 16 Issue 16, p10521.

20. Optimised global monthly mean surface flux of ethane (2008-2014) produced using the INVICAT 4D-Var inverse model [2018]

  • Wilson, Chris, Monks, Sarah A, Emmons, Louisa K., Hannigan, James, Helmig, Detlev, Blake, Nicola J., Blake, Donald R., and Centre For Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA)
Subjects
Atmospheric sciences and Earth Observation Imagery
Abstract
This data file contains two sets of optimised global surface fluxes of ethane (C2H6), produced through variational inverse methods using the TOMCAT chemical transport model, and the INVICAT inverse transport model. Emissions were produced using an iterative method of optimisation, known as 4D-Var, which minimised the model-observation differences. These surface fluxes are produced as monthly mean values on the (approximately) 5.6 degree horizontal model grid. The associated uncertainty for the flux from each gridcell is also included. The fluxes and uncertainties are global, and cover the period Jan 2008 - Dec 2014. There are two alternative emissions sets, labelled EMIS_ALL and EMIS_ANTH, whilst the uncertainties are labelled ERROR_ALL and ERROR_ANTH, respectively. The two optimised emission estimates are produced through iterative minimisation of model-observation error in INVICAT. In all cases the observations are surface flask samples of ethane produced by by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Global Monitoring Division (NOAA GMD) and the University of Colorado’s Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR). Whole air samples in flasks are collected weekly to bi-weekly at each site and C2H6 is measured using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detection method. The EMIS_ALL fluxes are produced through variation of all surface emission types (anthropogenic, biomass burning, oceanic and biospheric), whilst the EMIS_ANTH fluxes are produced by only allowing the surface anthropogenic emissions to vary, with prior estimates of other emission types then added back on. Flux and uncertainty units are kg(C2H6)/m2/s, and time units are days since January 1st 2008. These emissions show improved performance relative to independent observations when included in the TOMCAT model. Further details about the data can be found in the PDF documentation stored along side this data, as well as in Monks et al., 2018.

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results

Guides

Course- and topic-based guides to collections, tools, and services.
Search ""Monks, Sarah"" in all guide pages