articles+ search results

Hygiene and public health, epidemiology, occupational medicine, Hygiène et santé publique, épidémiologie, médecine du travail, Multidisciplinary, Multidisciplinaire, Security, safety, Sécurité (multidisciplinaire, général), Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Sante publique. Hygiene-medecine du travail, Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine, Analyse risque, Risk analysis, Análisis riesgo, Digue, Dike, Dique, Environnement, Environment, Medio ambiente, Expérience acquise, Acquired experience, Experiencia adquirida, Image virtuelle, Virtual image, Imagen virtual, Inondation, Flood, Inundación, Noyage, Flooding, Simulation ordinateur, Computer simulation, Simulación computadora, Simulation, Simulación, Catastrophe naturelle, Emotion, flooding experience, presence, simulation, and virtual environment

Delta areas like the Netherlands are threatened by global climate change. Awareness is, however, rather low. Our research objective was to investigate whether coping responses to flooding risks could be enhanced in a virtual environment (VE). A laboratory experiment was conducted in which participants were exposed to a simulated dike breach and consequent flooding of their virtual residence. We tested the hypothesis that an interactive 3D flood simulation facilitates coping responses compared to noninteractive film and slide simulations. Our results showed that information search, the motivation to evacuate, and the motivation to buy flood insurance increased after exposure to the 3D flood simulation compared to the film and slide simulations. Mediation analyses revealed that some of these presentation mode effects were mediated by a greater sense of being present in the VE. Implications to use high-end flood simulations in a VE to communicate real-world flooding risks and coping responses to threatened residents will be discussed.

Cognition, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Perception, Vision, Personnalité. Affectivité, Personality. Affectivity, Affectivité. Emotion, Affectivity. Emotion, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Perception, Percepción, Affect affectivité, Affect affectivity, Afecto afectividad, Brillance stimulus, Stimulus brightness, Brillantez estímulo, Cognition, Cognición, Couleur, Color, Emotion émotivité, Emotion emotionality, Emoción emotividad, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Evaluation, Evaluación, Homme, Human, Hombre, Vision, Visión, Affective pictures, Brightness bias, Colour psychology, Emotions, and IAPS

We explored the possibility of a general brigbtness bias: brighter pictures are evaluated more positively, while darker pictures are evaluated more negatively. In Study 1 we found that positive pictures are brighter than negative pictures in two affective picture databases (the IAPS and the GAPED). Study 2 revealed that because researchers select affective pictures on the extremity of their affective rating without controlling for brightness differences, pictures used in positive conditions of experiments were on average brighter than those used in negative conditions. Going beyond correlational support for our hypothesis, Studies 3 and 4 showed that brighter versions of neutral pictures were evaluated more positively than darker versions of the same picture. Study 5 revealed that people categorised positive words more quickly than negative words after a bright picture prime, and vice versa for negative pictures. Together, these studies provide strong support for the hypotheses that picture brightness influences evaluations.

Acceptation, Acceptance, Aceptación, Automatisation, Automation, Automatización, But, Goal, Fin, Conduite véhicule, Vehicle driving, Conducción vehículo, Confiance sociale, Trust, Confianza social, Echange information, Information exchange, Intercambio información, Homme, Human, Hombre, Système commande, Control system, Sistema control, Acceptabilité, Régulateur de vitesse, acceptance, adaptive cruise control systems, automation level, shared value similarity, social trust, system trust, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Psychologie appliquée, Applied psychology, Transports. Urbanisme, Transportation. City planning, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Cognition, Genetics, Génétique, Applied physiology, ergonomics sports medicine, Physiologie appliquée, ergonomie, sport, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

Objective: We examine whether trust in smart systems is generated analogously to trust in humans and whether the automation level of smart systems affects trustworthiness and acceptability of those systems. Background: Trust is an important factor when considering acceptability of automation technology. As shared goals lead to social trust, and intelligent machines tend to be treated like humans, the authors expected that shared driving goals would also lead to increased trustworthiness and acceptability of adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems. Method: In an experiment, participants (N = 57) were presented with descriptions of three ACCs with different automation levels that were described as systems that either shared their driving goals or did not. Trustworthiness and acceptability of all the ACCs were measured. Results:ACCs sharing the driving goals of the user were more trustworthy and acceptable than wereACCs not sharing the driving goals of the user. Furthermore, ACCs that took over driving tasks while providing information were more trustworthy and acceptable than were ACCs that took over driving tasks without providing information. Trustworthiness mediated the effects of both driving goals and automation level on acceptability of ACCs. Conclusion: As when trusting other humans, trusting smart systems depends on those systems sharing the user's goals. Furthermore, based on their description, smart systems that take over tasks are judged more trustworthy and acceptable when they also provide information. Application: For optimal acceptability of smart systems, goals of the user should be shared by the smart systems, and smart systems should provide information to their user.

Acceptation, Acceptance, Aceptación, Changement climatique, climate change, Changement planétaire, global change, Cambio planetario, Confiance sociale, Trust, Confianza social, Dioxyde de carbone, Carbon dioxide, Carbono dióxido, Gaz effet serre, greenhouse gas, Lutte antipollution, Pollution control, Lucha anticontaminación, Opinion publique, Public opinion, Opinión pública, Pollution air, Air pollution, Contaminación aire, Réchauffement, warming, Réduction pollution, Pollution abatement, Séquestration CO2, CO2 sequestration, Secuestración CO2, Séquestration carbone, Carbon sequestration, Secuestro carbono, Troposphère, troposphere, Ecologie humaine, Sociologie environnementale, Carbon dioxide storage, Risk, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Pollution, Pollution atmosphérique, Atmospheric pollution, Généralités, General, Terre, ocean, espace, Earth, ocean, space, Geophysique externe, External geophysics, Météorologie, Meteorology, Climatologie. Bioclimatologie. Changement climatique, Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change, Sociologie, Sociology, Ecologie humaine et démographie, Human ecology and demography, Problèmes de l'environnement, Environmental problems, Energy, Énergie, Environment, and Environnement

This article discusses public acceptance of carbon capture and storage (CCS). Responses by citizens are described in relation to responses by professionally involved actors. Interviews with members of the government, industry and environmental NGOs showed that these professional actors are interested in starting up storage projects, based on thorough evaluation processes, including discussions on multi-actor working groups. As appeared from a survey among citizens living near a potential storage site (N = 103), public attitudes in general were slightly positive, but attitudes towards storage nearby were slightly negative. The general public appeared to have little knowledge about CO2-storage, and have little desire for more information. Under these circumstances, trust in the professional actors is particularly important. NGOs were found to be trusted most, and industry least by the general public. Trust in each of the three actors appeared to depend on perceived competence and intentions, which in turn were found to be related to perceived similarity of goals and thinking between trustee and trustor. Implications for communication about CCS are discussed.

Attitude, Actitud, Comportement consommateur, Consumer behavior, Comportamiento consumidor, Comportement prosocial, Prosocial behavior, Conducta prosocial, Conservation énergie, Energy conservation, Conservación energética, Ecologie, Ecology, Ecología, Economie environnement, Environment economy, Economía medio ambiente, Homme, Human, Hombre, Motivation, Motivación, Personnalité, Personality, Personalidad, Rétroaction, Feedback regulation, Retroacción, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Psychologie appliquée, Applied psychology, Environnement. Ecologie, Environment. Ecology, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

The purpose of this study was to find a means to increase energy conservation behavior by giving consumers immediate energy feedback. The study explored the roles of goals to save energy and kW h feedback. Feedback was given, and conservation goals set, via a simulated, technologically advanced, washing machine control panel. One hundred subjects each completed 20 simulated washing trials. Self-set and assigned goals were compared as to their effect on conservation behavior when used in combination with energy feedback. Both generated similar energy savings with the self-set goal group using 21% less energy than the control group. Social orientation, a personality factor, was found to interact with goal-setting mode, with pro-self individuals saving more energy when allowed to self-set a goal and pro-social individuals saving more energy when assigned a goal.

Environment, Environnement, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Psychologie appliquée, Applied psychology, Environnement. Ecologie, Environment. Ecology, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Attitude, Actitud, Conservation énergie, Energy conservation, Conservación energética, Environnement, Environment, Medio ambiente, Homme, Human, Hombre, Innovation, and Innovación

The main purpose of the study presented here was to assess the capacity of the innovation attributes proposed in Rogers' diffusion theory (1995) to predict the intention to adopt energy conservation interventions. It also provided a first test of some refinements to Rogers' theory, proposed by Darley and Beniger (1981). Furthermore, as an elaboration of diffusion theory, this study examined whether the assessment of innovation attributes is a stepwise process. Questionnaires and face-to-face interviews were used to collect data. Results indicate that perceived compatibility is a general and important predictor of the intention to adopt energy conservation interventions. Support was found for some of the refinements to diffusion theory proposed by Darley and Beniger (1981). Moreover, the study partly confirmed the idea that the evaluation of an innovation on its attributes is a stepwise process. For two of the four energy conservation interventions it was found that the intervention was first of all judged on its advantage. If the perceived advantage was minor, a potential adopter often decided to reject an innovation solely on the basis of this assessment. If the perceived advantage was high, the evaluation process usually continued; perceived compatibility then became the second evaluation criterion. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Homme, Human, Hombre, Adaptation sociale, Social adjustment, Adaptación social, Cognition, Cognición, Coping, Coronación, Efficacité personnelle, Self efficacy, Eficacia personal, Personnalité, Personality, Personalidad, Personne âgée, Elderly, Anciano, Stratégie, Strategy, Estrategia, Sénescence, Senescence, Senescencia, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Psychologie du développement, Developmental psychology, Adulte. Vieillard, Adult. Elderly, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Embryology, development, Embryologie, développement, Gerontology geriatrics, Gérontologie, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

Successful aging calls for effective adaptation, which in turn implies flexible use of coping strategies to optimize personal functioning and well-being. The present paper studied adaptive choice behavior of older, independently living persons faced with complications in their houses. The goal was to gain insight into the concrete coping process and its outcome-in terms of the choice of assimilative vs. accommodative strategies-and in the role of three determinants on this process. The determinants were perceived self-efficacy, importance of the problem, and personal dispositions (flexibility and tenacity). A sample of 199 independently-living older persons participated in an experiment that was based on a scenario and questionnaire method, with problems stemming from the domain of independent living. Results mainly underlie the crucial role of perceived self-efficacy and are discussed in view of the concept of successful aging.