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Crist JD, Montgomery ML, Pasvogel A, Phillips LR, and Ortiz-Dowling EM
Geriatric Nursing (New York, N.Y.) [Geriatr Nurs] 2018 Nov; Vol. 39 (6), pp. 689-695. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Jun 04.
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Adult, Arizona, Caregivers psychology, Cohort Studies, Family Relations, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Acculturation, Caregivers statistics numerical data, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Healthcare Disparities ethnology, Home Care Services statistics numerical data, and Mexican Americans
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The purposes of this study were to examine the relationships among knowledge of and confidence in health care services (HHCS), acculturation, characteristics of family caregivers of Mexican descent, and differences by caregivers' relationship (spouse or adult child). A sample of Mexican-descent older adults and their caregivers was recruited (n = 74 dyads) in Arizona. Each participant completed questionnaires on knowledge, confidence, and acculturation. There were moderate but significant associations among higher Anglo Orientation with Knowledge and with Confidence. Fear of HHCS was positively associated with higher Anglo Orientation and English Language Preference; and negatively associated with Mexican Orientation and Spanish Language Preference. For Spouse caregivers, Fear of HHCS was positively correlated with higher Anglo Orientation and English Language Preference; for Offspring caregivers, Fear of HHCS was negatively correlated with Mexican Orientation and Spanish Language Preference. Results support assessing caregiver cohort and socio-cultural context to decrease HHCS use disparities by Mexican-descent caregiving families.
(Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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Arredondo EM, Ayala GX, Soto S, Slymen DJ, Horton LA, Parada H, Campbell N, Ibarra L, Engelberg M, and Elder JP
The International Journal Of Behavioral Nutrition And Physical Activity [Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act] 2018 Oct 01; Vol. 15 (1), pp. 95. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Oct 01.
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Adult, California, Child, Diet psychology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Fruit, Humans, Male, Mexican Americans statistics numerical data, Retrospective Studies, Vegetables, Child Behavior psychology, Diet methods, Feeding Behavior psychology, Mexican Americans psychology, and Mothers
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Background: Few children consume sufficient servings of fruits and vegetables. Interventions aiming to improve children's dietary intake often target parent level factors, but limited research has examined the mediating role of parental factors on children's dietary intake. This study examined 10-month follow up data from the Entre Familia: Reflejos de Salud (Within the Family: Reflections of Health) trial to investigate (1) intervention effects on children's dietary intake, both sustained and new changes, and (2) whether changes in mothers' dietary intake, her parenting strategies, and behavioral strategies to promoting healthy eating in the home mediated changes in children's dietary intake.
Methods: Participants were 361 Mexican-origin families living in Imperial County, California. Families were randomly assigned to a 4-month dietary intervention or a delayed treatment control group. The intervention was delivered by promotoras (community health workers) via home visits and telephone calls. Assessments occurred at baseline, and 4- and 10-months post-baseline.
Results: At 10-months post-baseline, sustained intervention effects were observed on children's reported intake of varieties of vegetables, with differences getting larger over time. However, differential intervention effects on fast food were not sustained due to significant reductions in the control group compared with smaller changes in the intervention group. New intervention effects were observed on servings of sugar-sweetened beverages. However, the intervention continued to have no effect on children's reported fruit and vegetable servings, and varieties of fruits consumed. Mother-reported behavioral strategies to increase fiber and lower fat mediated the relationship between the intervention and children's intake of varieties of vegetables. Mothers' percent energy from fat and behavioral strategies to lower fat were mediators of children's daily servings of sugar-sweetened beverages.
Conclusions: This study suggests that a promotora-led family based intervention can provide mothers with skills to promote modest changes in children's diet. Examining the parent related mechanisms of change will inform future interventions on important targets for improving children's diet.
Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ . NCT02441049 . Retrospectively registered 05.06.2015.
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Hoffman KL, Hutchinson DS, Fowler J, Smith DP, Ajami NJ, Zhao H, Scheet P, Chow WH, Petrosino JF, and Daniel CR
Plos One [PLoS One] 2018 Apr 25; Vol. 13 (4), pp. e0194100. Date of Electronic Publication: 20180425 (Print Publication: 2018).
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Adult, Aged, Emigrants and Immigrants, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Acculturation, Fusobacterium isolation purification, Mexican Americans, Microbiota physiology, Mouth microbiology, Prevotella isolation purification, and Streptococcus isolation purification
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The oral microbiome has been linked to a number of chronic inflammatory conditions, including obesity, diabetes, periodontitis, and cancers of the stomach and liver. These conditions disproportionately affect Mexican American women, yet few studies have examined the oral microbiota in this at-risk group. We characterized the 16S rDNA oral microbiome in 369 non-smoking women enrolled in the MD Anderson Mano a Mano Mexican American Cohort Study. Lower bacterial diversity, a potential indicator of oral health, was associated with increased age and length of US residency among recent immigrants. Grouping women by overarching bacterial community type (e.g., "Streptococcus," "Fusobacterium," and "Prevotella" clusters), we observed differences across a number of acculturation-related variables, including nativity, age at immigration, time in the US, country of longest residence, and a multi-dimensional acculturation scale. Participants in the cluster typified by higher abundance of Streptococcus spp. exhibited the lowest bacterial diversity and appeared the most acculturated as compared to women in the "Prevotella" group. Computationally-predicted functional analysis suggested the Streptococcus-dominated bacterial community had greater potential for carbohydrate metabolism while biosynthesis of essential amino acids and nitrogen metabolism prevailed among the Prevotella-high group. Findings suggest immigration and adaption to life in the US, a well-established mediator of disease risk, is associated with differences in oral microbial profiles in Mexican American women. These results warrant further investigation into the joint and modifying effects of acculturation and oral bacteria on the health of Mexican American women and other immigrant populations. The oral microbiome presents an easily accessible biomarker of disease risk, spanning biological, behavioral, and environmental factors.
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4. Quality of Life and Depression Among Mexican Americans on Hemodialysis: A Preliminary Report. [2018]
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Debnath S, O'Connor J, Hura C, Kasinath B, and Lorenzo C
Therapeutic Apheresis And Dialysis: Official Peer-Reviewed Journal Of The International Society For Apheresis, The Japanese Society For Apheresis, The Japanese Society For Dialysis Therapy [Ther Apher Dial] 2018 Apr; Vol. 22 (2), pp. 166-170. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Nov 28.
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Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder psychology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 psychology, Humans, Kidney Failure, Chronic therapy, Male, Mexican Americans statistics numerical data, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Depressive Disorder complications, Kidney Failure, Chronic complications, Kidney Failure, Chronic psychology, Mexican Americans psychology, Quality of Life psychology, and Renal Dialysis psychology
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Health-related quality of life (QOL) and depression burden of Mexican Americans with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are not known. This observational cross-sectional study assessed QOL and depression and examined their inter-relatedness in Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes and ESRD on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) treatment. Prevalent Mexican Americans on HD (N = 40) completed the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form (KDQOL-SF) and the Beck Depression Inventory II. The overall median scores for the mental component summary and the physical component summary scales in the KDQOL-SF were 40.9 and 34.0, respectively. The prevalence of severe depression was 40%. The most significant differences between depressed and non-depressed groups were symptom/problem list, cognitive function, and emotional well- being (P < 0.0001 for all). Mexican Americans with depression endure a more dismal QOL compared to non-depressed peers. Significant negative correlations between depression and several QOL scales underscore plausible interactions between the two conditions which warrants further evaluation.
(© 2017 International Society for Apheresis, Japanese Society for Apheresis, and Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy.)
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Coburn SS, Luecken LJ, Rystad IA, Lin B, Crnic KA, and Gonzales NA
Maternal And Child Health Journal [Matern Child Health J] 2018 Jun; Vol. 22 (6), pp. 786-793.
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Adult, Depression epidemiology, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Mexican Americans statistics numerical data, Mother-Child Relations, Poverty, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications epidemiology, Prenatal Care, Prospective Studies, Depression psychology, Infant Health, Mexican Americans psychology, Mothers psychology, and Pregnancy Complications psychology
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Introduction: Recent research suggests that health disparities among low-SES and ethnic minority populations may originate from prenatal and early life exposures. Postpartum maternal depressive symptoms have been linked to poorer infant physical health, yet prenatal depressive symptoms not been thoroughly examined in relation to infant health.
Methods: In a prospective study of low-income Mexican American mothers and their infants, women (N = 322, median age 27.23, IQR = 22.01-32.54) completed surveys during pregnancy (median gestation 39.50, IQR = 38.71-40.14 weeks) and 12 weeks after birth. We investigated (1) if prenatal depressive symptoms predicted infant physical health concerns at 12 weeks of age, (2) whether these associations occurred above and beyond concurrent depressive symptoms, and (3) if birth weight, gestational age, and breastfeeding were mediators of prenatal depression predicting subsequent infant health.
Results: Higher prenatal depressive symptoms were associated with more infant physical health concerns at 12 weeks (p < .001), after accounting for 12-week maternal depressive symptoms, breastfeeding, gestational age, and birth weight. Twelve-week maternal depressive symptoms were concurrently associated with more infant health concerns (p < .01). Birth weight, gestational age, and breastfeeding were not associated with maternal depression or infant health concerns.
Discussion: Results establish a link between prenatal depressive symptoms and an elevated risk of poor health evident shortly after birth. These findings underscore the importance of the prenatal period as a possible sensitive period for infants' health, and the need for effective interventions for depression during pregnancy to mitigate potentially teratogenic effects on the developing fetus and reduce risks for later health concerns.
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Thompson DA, Johnson SL, Schmiege SJ, Vandewater EA, Boles RE, Lev J, and Tschann JM
Maternal And Child Health Journal [Matern Child Health J] 2018 Jun; Vol. 22 (6), pp. 849-857.
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Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Culture, Female, Humans, Male, Reproducibility of Results, Cultural Characteristics, Mexican Americans, Mothers, Parenting ethnology, Poverty ethnology, Psychometrics instrumentation, Surveys and Questionnaires standards, and Television
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Objectives Parental beliefs about child television viewing may affect the way parents regulate child television viewing. Despite this, little research has focused on the development of measures of parental beliefs about child television viewing, particularly among ethnic minority parents and parents of young children. This study's objective was to develop and test a culturally-based measure of parental beliefs about television viewing in low-income Mexican American mothers of preschoolers. Methods Using a cross-sectional study design, 22 items reflecting parental beliefs about influences of TV on children were developed and assessed for psychometric properties in a sample of 312 low-income Mexican American mothers of preschoolers. Results Using exploratory factor analysis, we identified four factors reflecting four domains of parental beliefs: positive general beliefs, positive sleep-related beliefs, positive functional beliefs, and negative general beliefs. Internal reliabilities were acceptable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.70-0.89) for all factors except negative general beliefs (Cronbach's alpha = 0.61). Positive sleep-related beliefs and Positive Functional Beliefs were correlated with children's average daily hours of TV (r = 0.16, p < .01; r = 0.22, p < .001, respectively) and with mother's average daily hours of TV (r = 0.14, p < .05; r = 0.22, p < .001, respectively), providing initial support for construct validity. Conclusions for Practice The Beliefs about Child TV viewing scale measures four domains of parental beliefs regarding child TV viewing, and has good initial reliability and validity for three factors. Future use will allow investigators to conduct more in-depth evaluations on the influence of parental beliefs on the way parents shape their child's use of the TV.
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Garcia AF, Wilborn K, and Mangold DL
Annals Of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication Of The Society Of Behavioral Medicine [Ann Behav Med] 2017 Dec; Vol. 51 (6), pp. 787-798.
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Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Saliva chemistry, Acculturation, Circadian Rhythm physiology, Health Status, Hydrocortisone metabolism, Mexican Americans, Stress, Psychological ethnology, and Stress, Psychological metabolism
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Background: The assessment of acculturative stress as synonymous with acculturation level overlooks the dynamic, interactive, and developmental nature of the acculturation process. An individual's unique perception and response to a range of stressors at each stage of the dynamic process of acculturation may be associated with stress-induced alterations in important biological response systems that mediate health outcomes. Evidence suggests the cortisol awakening response (CAR) is a promising pre-clinical biomarker of stress exposure that may link acculturative stress to self-reported health in Mexican Americans.
Purpose: The aim of the current study was to examine whether alterations in the CAR mediate the relationship between acculturative stress and self-reported health in Mexican Americans.
Methods: Salivary cortisol samples were collected at awakening, 30, 45, and 60 min thereafter, on two consecutive weekdays from a sample of adult Mexican Americans. Acculturative stress and self-reported health were assessed. Data were aggregated and analyzed (n = 89) using a mixed effects regression model and path analysis.
Results: Poorer self-reported health was associated with attenuated CAR profiles (primarily due to a diminished post-awakening rise in cortisol) predicted by both moderate and high levels of exposure to acculturative stress. Stress-induced alterations in the CAR mediated the relationship between exposure to acculturative stressors and self-reported health.
Conclusions: Findings demonstrate that different levels of acculturative stress are associated with distinct CAR profiles and suggest the CAR is one possible biological pathway through which exposure to culturally unique stressors may be linked to health disparities.
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Downer B, Chen NW, Raji M, and Markides KS
International Journal Of Geriatric Psychiatry [Int J Geriatr Psychiatry] 2017 Oct; Vol. 32 (10), pp. 1122-1130. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Sep 06.
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Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition, Cognition Disorders psychology, Cognitive Dysfunction epidemiology, Dementia psychology, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mexican Americans statistics numerical data, Parkinson Disease psychology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, United States epidemiology, Cognition Disorders epidemiology, and Mexican Americans psychology
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Objective: To identify distinct trajectories for global cognition, memory, and non-memory domains among Mexican American adults 75 years of age and older.
Methods: The final sample included 1336 participants of the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly observed during four Waves from 2004-2005 to 2012-2013. Latent class growth curve models were used to identify distinct trajectories for global cognition, memory, and non-memory.
Results: Three trajectory classes were identified for global cognition, memory, and non-memory domains. Nearly 31% of the final sample maintained high global cognition (persistent high), 52.6% experienced slight decline (decline but high), and 15% experienced severe decline in global cognition (decline to low). Over 95% of participants classified in the decline to low trajectory for global cognition were also classified as decline to low for memory and non-memory. This high level of consistency for memory and non-memory domains was observed for the decline but high (97.0%) and persistent high (93.7%) trajectory classes.
Conclusions: These results indicate that the majority of Mexican American older adults will experience varying degrees of cognitive decline. However, a substantial proportion of older Mexican Americans are able to maintain high cognitive functioning into advanced age despite the high prevalence of risk factors for cognitive decline in this population. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
(Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
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9. Depression, inflammation, and memory loss among Mexican Americans: analysis of the HABLE cohort. [2017]
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Johnson LA, Edwards M, Gamboa A, Hall J, Robinson M, and O'Bryant SE
International Psychogeriatrics [Int Psychogeriatr] 2017 Oct; Vol. 29 (10), pp. 1693-1699. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Jun 20.
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Aged, Cognitive Dysfunction complications, Cohort Studies, Depression complications, Female, Humans, Inflammation complications, Logistic Models, Male, Memory Disorders complications, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Risk Factors, United States epidemiology, Cognitive Dysfunction ethnology, Depression ethnology, Inflammation ethnology, Memory Disorders ethnology, and Mexican Americans
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Background: This study explored the combined impact of depression and inflammation on memory functioning among Mexican-American adults and elders.
Methods: Data were analyzed from 381 participants of the Health and Aging Brain study among Latino Elders (HABLE). Fasting serum samples were collected and assayed in duplicate using electrochemiluminesce on the SECTOR Imager 2400A from Meso Scale Discovery. Positive DepE (depression endophenotype) was codified as any score >1 on a five-point scale based on the GDS-30. Inflammation was determined by TNFα levels and categorized by tertiles (1st, 2nd, 3rd). WMS-III LMI and LMII as well as CERAD were utilized as measures of memory. ANOVAs examined group differences between positive DepE and inflammation tertiles with neuropsychological scale scores as outcome variables. Logistic regressions were used to examine level of inflammation and DepE positive status on the risk for MCI.
Results: Positive DepE as well as higher inflammation were both independently found to be associated with lower memory scores. Among DepE positive, those who were high in inflammation (3rd tertile) were found to perform significantly worse on WMS-III LM I (F = 4.75, p = 0.003), WMS-III LM II (F = 8.18, p < 0.001), and CERAD List Learning (F = 17.37, p < 0.001) when compared to those low on inflammation (1st tertile). The combination of DepE positive and highest tertile of inflammation was associated with increased risk for MCI diagnosis (OR = 6.06; 95% CI = 3.9-11.2, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Presence of elevated inflammation and positive DepE scores increased risk for worse memory among Mexican-American older adults. Additionally, the combination of DepE and high inflammation was associated with increased risk for MCI diagnosis. This work suggests that depression and inflammation are independently associated with worse memory among Mexican-American adults and elders; however, the combination of both increases risk for poorer memory beyond either alone.
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Collins DM, Downer B, Kumar A, Krishnan S, Li CY, Markides KS, and Karmarkar AM
Preventing Chronic Disease [Prev Chronic Dis] 2018 May 03; Vol. 15, pp. E51. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 May 03.
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Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Caregivers, Disability Evaluation, Disabled Persons, Female, Humans, Male, Odds Ratio, Risk Factors, United States epidemiology, Activities of Daily Living, Mexican Americans, and Multiple Chronic Conditions
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Introduction: Older Mexican Americans are living longer with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs). This has placed greater demands on caregivers to assist with basic activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). To understand the needs of older Mexican-American care recipients, we examined the impact of MCC on ADL and IADL limitations.
Methods: We analyzed data from 485 Mexican American care-receiving/caregiving dyads. Selected MCCs in the analysis were diabetes, hypertension, stroke, heart disease, arthritis, emphysema/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cognitive impairment, depression, and cancer. Care recipients were dichotomized as having 3 or more conditions or as having 2 or fewer conditions. Three comorbidity clusters were established on the basis of the most prevalent health conditions among participants with comorbid arthritis and hypertension. These clusters included arthritis and hypertension plus: diabetes (cluster 1), cognitive impairment (cluster 2), and heart disease (cluster 3).
Results: Care recipients with 3 or more chronic conditions (n = 314) had higher odds of having mobility limitations (OR = 1.98; 95% CI, 1.34-2.94), self-care limitations (OR = 2.53; 95% CI, 1.70-3.81), >3 ADL limitations (OR = 2.00; 95% CI, 1.28-3.17), and >3 IADL limitations (OR = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.26-2.81). All clusters had increased odds of ADL and severe ADL limitations. Of care recipients in cluster 2, those with arthritis, hypertension, and cognitive impairment had significantly higher odds of mobility limitations (OR = 2.33; 95% CI, 1.05-5.24) than those with just arthritis and hypertension.
Conclusion: MCCs were associated with more ADL and IADL limitations among care recipients, especially for those with hypertension and arthritis plus diabetes, cognitive impairment, or heart disease. These findings can assist in developing programs to meet the needs of older Mexican-American care recipients.
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Macy JT, Moser EAS, Hirsh AT, Monahan PO, Eckert GJ, and Maupomé G
BMC Oral Health [BMC Oral Health] 2018 Mar 12; Vol. 18 (1), pp. 37. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Mar 12.
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Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Emigrants and Immigrants psychology, Female, Humans, Indiana, Male, Mexican Americans psychology, Modems, Emigrants and Immigrants statistics numerical data, Mexican Americans statistics numerical data, Patient Acceptance of Health Care statistics numerical data, and Preventive Dentistry statistics numerical data
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Background: Mexican immigrants in the United States suffer from poor oral health. The objective of the current study was to explore the utility of applying theory-based factors associated with seeking preventive dental care in a sample of Mexican American adults.
Methods: Data were collected from a cross-sectional survey of a sample of 157 people of Mexican origin (64% female; age 34 ± 11 years) recruited primarily from church congregations and lay community organizations in Central Indiana. Using the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction as the guiding framework, structural equation modeling was used to test factors associated with intention to seek preventive dental care.
Results: Attitude towards seeking preventive dental care (estimate = 0.37; p < .0001) and self-efficacy for seeking preventive dental care (estimate = 0.68; p < .0001) were associated with intention to seek preventive dental care. The association between dental beliefs and intention to seek preventive dental care was mediated by attitude and self-efficacy (indirect effect = 0.26, p = .002), and the association between past behavior and intention to seek preventive dental care was mediated by self-efficacy (indirect effect = 0.26, p = .003).
Conclusions: These findings suggest that interventions to increase preventive dental care seeking behavior among Mexican Americans should focus on changing attitudes toward seeking preventive dental care and on increasing self-efficacy to seek preventive dental care. Findings also support the use of interventions to influence dental beliefs.
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Jewell SL, Suk HW, and Luecken LJ
Developmental Psychobiology [Dev Psychobiol] 2018 Mar; Vol. 60 (2), pp. 232-238. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Nov 30.
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Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Child Development physiology, Mexican Americans, Parasympathetic Nervous System physiology, Poverty, Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia physiology, and Self-Control
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Parasympathetically-mediated heart rate variability (HRV), commonly indexed via respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), is theorized to support the physiological regulation of emotion; however, little is known about the trajectory of change in resting RSA across early development among high-risk populations for whom emotion regulation is crucial. This study characterized resting RSA change from 6 weeks to 2 years of age among 312 low-income Mexican American infants. RSA was assessed longitudinally at 6, 12, 18, 24, 52, 78, and 104 weeks of age. On average, resting RSA increased as infants aged, and this change accelerated over time. There was significant variance between infants in resting RSA at 6 weeks of age, and in the slope, and acceleration of resting RSA change. Intraclass correlation among infants' resting RSA measures was minimal, indicating that resting RSA may not be "trait-like" during infancy. Results characterize early RSA development among a high-risk sample, which can inform theoretical understanding of the development of emotional, and behavioral self-regulation in a high-risk population, as well as efforts to promote wellbeing across early childhood.
(© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
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Jewell SL, Letham-Hamlett K, Hanna Ibrahim M, Luecken LJ, and MacKinnon DP
Annals Of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication Of The Society Of Behavioral Medicine [Ann Behav Med] 2017 Dec; Vol. 51 (6), pp. 856-867.
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Adult, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Southwestern United States ethnology, Young Adult, Acculturation, Family ethnology, Mexican Americans, Postpartum Period ethnology, Poverty ethnology, Social Support, Weight Gain ethnology, and Weight Loss ethnology
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Background: Obesity presents a significant health concern among low-income, ethnic minority women of childbearing age.
Purpose: The study investigated the influence of maternal acculturation, family negativity, and family support on postpartum weight loss among low-income Mexican-origin women.
Methods: Low-income Mexican-origin women (N=322; 14% born in the U.S.) were recruited from a prenatal clinic in an urban area of the Southwest U.S. Acculturation was assessed during a prenatal home visit (26-38 weeks gestation), and post-birth family support and general family negativity were assessed at 6 weeks postpartum. Objective maternal weight measures were obtained at five time points across the first postpartum year.
Results: Higher acculturation predicted higher family support and family negativity. Higher family support predicted decreasing weight across the first postpartum year, and higher family negativity predicted higher weight at 6 weeks postpartum and increasing weight across the first postpartum year. In combination, family negativity and support mediated the impact of acculturation on postpartum weight gain.
Conclusions: Cultural and family-related factors play a significant role in postpartum weight gain and loss for low-income Mexican-origin women.
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Suzuki R
Community Dental Health [Community Dent Health] 2017 Dec 01; Vol. 34 (4), pp. 234-240. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Dec 01.
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Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Prevalence, Self Report, United States, Young Adult, African Americans, Disabled Persons, European Continental Ancestry Group, Mexican Americans, and Periodontal Diseases epidemiology
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Background: Racial minority groups and adults with functional disabilities (FDs) disproportionally experience periodontal diseases. However, little is known about the interactions of these two characteristics in disease prevalence. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between FDs and periodontal experiences, and to identify whether race has a particular influence on this relationship.
Methods: Data were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012, in a representative sample of adults aged 30 years and older. FDs were defined as experiencing limitations in activities of daily living. The weighted logistic regression models were performed using SAS software.
Results: The incidence of FDs was associated with a poor self-rated perception of teeth and gum health, gum disease, bone loss, and loss of teeth. The racial minority groups with FDs were more likely to report poor teeth and gum health, loose teeth, and a history of gum disease treatment. Mexican Americans with FDs reported poor teeth and gum health, gum disease, and had been previously treated for gum disease. African Americans with FDs were more likely to be diagnosed with bone loss and loose teeth.
Practical Implications: Racial minority groups with FDs were more likely to be associated with periodontal disease and poor oral health. To improve oral health, access to dental care among minority populations is important, particularly for people with FDs in community settings. Dentists should reach out to these underrepresented groups to address their oral health needs.
(Copyright© 2017 Dennis Barber Ltd.)
15. Pilot Test of a Culturally Appropriate Diabetes Prevention Intervention for At-Risk Latina Women. [2017]
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McCurley JL, Fortmann AL, Gutierrez AP, Gonzalez P, Euyoque J, Clark T, Preciado J, Ahmad A, Philis-Tsimikas A, and Gallo LC
The Diabetes Educator [Diabetes Educ] 2017 Dec; Vol. 43 (6), pp. 631-640. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Oct 23.
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Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ethnology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 etiology, Feeding Behavior ethnology, Feeding Behavior psychology, Female, Focus Groups, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Life Style, Mexican Americans psychology, Middle Aged, Obesity complications, Obesity ethnology, Overweight ethnology, Pilot Projects, Weight Loss, Culturally Competent Care methods, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 prevention control, Health Promotion methods, Mexican Americans education, and Overweight complications
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Purpose The purpose of the study was to test the preliminary effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of a peer-led, culturally appropriate, Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)-based lifestyle intervention for Latina women at high-risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods Participants (N = 61) were overweight/obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥25) Latina women with no diabetes, at elevated risk either due to midlife age (45-65 years; n = 37) or history of gestational diabetes mellitus (n = 24). The study used a 1-group pretest-posttest design and offered 12 weeks of peer-led education sessions in a community setting. The intervention targeted physical activity and dietary behaviors to facilitate weight reduction and included culturally appropriate content, age-specific health information, and stress/emotion management strategies. Clinical and self-report assessments were conducted at baseline, month 3, and month 6. Results Mean participant age was 47.8 years (SD = 10.8). Most (91.2%) were born in Mexico, and 43.3% had a ninth-grade education or less. At month 6, participants achieved a mean reduction of 4.1% body weight (7 lb [3.2 kg]). Statistically significant improvements were observed for dietary behaviors, stress, and depression symptoms. Attrition was low, 5% (3 women). Focus groups indicated that intervention content increased knowledge, was applicable, highly valued, culturally relevant, and would be recommended to others. Conclusions This culturally tailored DPP adaptation was feasible and acceptable for 2 groups of Latina women at high-risk for T2DM and showed preliminary effectiveness in reducing weight and modifying self-reported dietary behaviors, stress, and depression symptoms. Further research is needed to identify ways to enhance weight loss and diabetes prevention in this at-risk, underserved population.
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Kunz S, Ingram M, Piper R, Wu T, Litton N, Brady J, and Knudson A
Health Promotion Practice [Health Promot Pract] 2017 Nov; Vol. 18 (6), pp. 798-805. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Jul 03.
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Community Health Workers education, Diabetes Mellitus ethnology, Diabetes Mellitus therapy, Health Promotion, Healthy Lifestyle, Humans, Interinstitutional Relations, Self-Management, Community Health Workers organization administration, Diabetes Mellitus prevention control, Health Education organization administration, Mexican Americans, and Rural Population
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Diabetes disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minorities, rural, and impoverished populations. This case study describes the program components and key lessons learned from implementing Vivir Mejor! (Live Better!), a diabetes prevention and management program tailored for the rural, Mexican American population. The program used workforce innovations and multisector partnerships to engage and activate a rural, mostly Hispanic population. Community health worker (CHW) roles were designed to reach and support distinct populations. Promotoras focused exclusively on health education and patient navigators individually coached patients with chronic disease management issues for the high-risk patient population. To extend diabetes health education to the broader community in Santa Cruz County, promotoras trained lay leaders to become peer educators. Multisector partnerships allowed the program to offer health and social services around diabetes care. The partners also supported provider engagement through continuing education workshops and digital story screening to encourage referrals to the program. Multisector partnerships, including partnering with critical access hospitals, for diabetes management and prevention, as well as using different types of CHWs to implement programs that target high- and low-risk populations are innovative and valuable components of the Vivir Mejor!
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Sarbacker GB, Espino DV, Wood RC, Oakes SL, Anand D, and Markides KA
Geriatrics & Gerontology International [Geriatr Gerontol Int] 2017 Oct; Vol. 17 (10), pp. 1515-1521. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Oct 10.
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Age Factors, Aged, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Southwestern United States, Survival Analysis, Survival Rate, Cholinergic Antagonists therapeutic use, and Mexican Americans
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Aim: Studies examining the association between mortality and anticholinergic burden in the geriatric population are conflicting and are absent in the Mexican American population. The present study aimed to determine whether higher anticholinergic burden increases mortality in a cohort representative of community-based older Mexican Americans in the USA.
Methods: This retrospective cohort database study used the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly cohort. The primary outcome, mortality, was assessed beginning at the second interview in 1995 until the fifth interview in 2005. Medications were classified for anticholinergic burden according to the modified-Anticholinergic Drug Scale and were summed across all reported medications creating a measure of total anticholinergic burden. Anticholinergic burden was tested for association with mortality using survival analysis.
Results: The 1497 older adults reporting medication usage were included. Survival analysis showed a statistically significant (P < 0.05) relationship between anticholinergic burden and increased mortality.
Conclusions: Anticholinergic burden is associated with increased mortality in Southwestern Mexican American older adults who report taking prescription or non prescription medications. These findings suggest that anticholinergic burden might be a risk factor for mortality in this selected population, with additional studies required to further define the risk. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1515-1521.
(© 2016 Japan Geriatrics Society.)
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Vela, Javier Cavazos, Guerra, Federico, Garcia, Christian, and Hinojosa, Yvette
Journal of School Counseling , v16 n12 2018. 34 pp.
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Hispanic Americans, Adolescents, College Attendance, Predictor Variables, Mental Health, Psychological Patterns, Cultural Influences, Multiple Regression Analysis, Life Satisfaction, School Counselors, Surveys, Acculturation, Mexican Americans, Rating Scales, Questionnaires, High School Students, Statistical Analysis, Measures (Individuals), Depression (Psychology), Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale
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A quantitative, predictive design was used to explore how positive psychology, mental health, and cultural factors influenced Latina/o adolescents' college-going beliefs. By using multiple regression analysis, findings indicated that hope and life satisfaction were significant predictors of college-going beliefs. We provide a discussion regarding the importance of these findings as well as recommendations for school counselors.
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Alfaro, Edna C., Weimer, Amy A., and Castillo, Edith
Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences , v40 n4 p431-447 Nov 2018. 17 pp.
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Mexican Americans, Hispanic American Students, Correlation, Females, College Students, Self Efficacy, Cultural Influences, Social Influences, Parent Influence, Siblings, Teacher Influence, Intimacy, Friendship, Peer Influence, Interpersonal Communication, Social Support Groups, Parent Background, Educational Attainment, Acculturation, and Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans
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The present study examined interrelations among sociocultural factors, communication, and academic support from mothers, fathers, sisters, brothers, professors, romantic partners, and close friends and Mexican-origin female college students' (n = 205) college self-efficacy. Findings revealed that students communicated the most with their close friends and perceived that mothers provided the most academic support. In general, students who espoused behaviors and values that closely aligned with the Mexican culture were more likely to communicate with others. In addition, higher levels of communication related to higher levels of academic support, but relations between academic support and college self-efficacy differed by source of support. Notably, while academic support from mothers, professors, and romantic partners were positively related to college self-efficacy, academic support from fathers, sisters, brothers, and close friends were not related to college self-efficacy. Findings confirm that a focus on the unique roles of important others is warranted.
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Griauzde J, Lisabeth LD, Li C, Sanchez BN, Case E, Garcia NM, Morgenstern LB, and Zahuranec DB
Journal Of Stroke And Cerebrovascular Diseases: The Official Journal Of National Stroke Association [J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis] 2019 Jan; Vol. 28 (1), pp. 49-55. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Sep 28.
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Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cerebral Hemorrhage physiopathology, Cerebral Hemorrhage therapy, Cognition, European Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Mexican Americans, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Risk Factors, Treatment Outcome, Cerebral Hemorrhage ethnology, and Cerebral Hemorrhage psychology
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Background: We evaluated 3-month neurologic, functional, cognitive, and quality of life (QOL) outcomes in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) overall, and by sex and ethnicity in a population-based study.
Methods: Spontaneous ICH patients were identified from the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi project (November 2008 to December 2013). Outcomes included neurologic (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale: range 0-42), functional (activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living score: range 1-4, higher worse), cognitive (Modified Mini-Mental State Examination [3MSE]: range 0-100), and QOL (short-form stroke-specific QOL scale: range 0-5, higher better). Ethnic and sex differences were assessed with Tobit regression adjusted for age, sex, or ethnicity, and presenting Glasgow coma scale.
Results: A total of 245 patients completed baseline interviews, with 103 (42%) dying prior to follow-up, leaving 142 eligible for outcome assessment. Three-month follow-up was completed in 100 (neurologic), 107 (functional), 79 (cognitive), and 83 (QOL) participants. Median age was 66 years (interquartile range 58.0-77.0). Cognitive outcomes were worse in Mexican Americans (MA) compared to non-Hispanic whites (NHW) after multivariable adjustment (MA scoring 13.3 3MSE points lower than NHW [95% confidence interval: 5.8, 20.7; P = .0005]). There was no difference by sex or ethnicity in neurological, functional, or QOL outcomes, and no sex differences in cognitive outcomes.
Conclusions: In this population-based study, worse cognitive outcomes were found in MAs compared with NHW. There were no differences between neurologic, functional, and QOL outcomes in ICH survivors based on sex or ethnicity.
(Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
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