HISTORICAL geography, ARCHAEOLOGY, EXCAVATION, GEOGRAPHERS, and BAYS

The final report in this series focuses on the emerging intersections between historical geography, archaeology and the law. Whilst staying attuned to the darkest of geographies emerging from the sub-field, this report turns its attention to the creative and critical ways in which the dead are being used to reveal past lives and worlds that have been destroyed and forgotten. Using soil and the archaeological imagination as a pivot, this report centres on the interweaving themes of fragile environments, resurfacing and legal worlds in order to suggest the emerging possibilities for a hopeful excavation of new historical geographies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HISTORICAL geography, TERRACES (Geology), LANDSCAPES, NATURE, COLONIZATION, and HUMAN settlements

This study ranges from the observation of the landscape to the study of its evolution and includes the description of the various historical phases through images. This research is carried out first in the schools of the Fontanabuona Valley in Liguria, then developed at the University of Genova. The study of the terraces and their organization has allowed to reconstruct the history of this part of the region, while the investigated territory has enabled to carry out field researches through the observation of the evolution of the natural environment, the changes of the vegetable mantle, the incessant alteration of the slopes and of the water canalization, the settlement system originally organized according to the curtis model. Here two historical moments are proposed concerning the planning of the terraces: the former is a short historical phase of the construction of the "domestico" lasting two-three months, the latter represents the evolution of a long historical phase starting from the Neolithic age synthetising some macrophases of the ancient rural colonization, phases that have left traces in the subsequent colonizations for partial or total continuity of use till the contemporary epoch. The pictures have dydatict purpose reconstructing the human settlements and activities precisely during the analised period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HISTORICAL geography, PHYSICAL geography, CONTINENTAL shelf, ISLANDS, TERRITORIAL jurisdiction, and SEAS

The article studies the Paracel archipelago as one of the disputed areas in the northern part of South China Sea. Physical geography and historical background of the Paracel Islands are considered. The archipelago is characterized as the object of a bilateral international territorial dispute between Vietnam and China. The current positions of China and Vietnam on the territorial jurisdiction of the Paracel Islands are considered. Economic and strategic importance of the Paracel Islands is shown. The problems of the Paracel Islands' territorial belonging and delimitation of exclusive economic zones and continental shelf of the areas are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CORRELATION (Statistics), SPATIAL analysis (Statistics), SPATIAL analysis (Statistics) in historical geography, SPATIAL systems, TREND surface analysis, and LOCAL statistics

We study the role of geography in R&D networks by means of a quantitative, micro-geographic approach. Using a large database that covers international R&D collaborations from 1984 to 2009, we localize each actor precisely in space through its latitude and longitude. This allows us to analyze the R&D network at all geographic scales simultaneously. Our empirical results show that despite the high importance of the city level, transnational R&D collaborations at large distances are much more frequent than expected from similar networks. This provides evidence for the ambiguity of distance in economic collaboration which is also suggested by the existing literature. In addition we test whether the hypothesis of local buzz and global pipelines applies to the observed R&D network by calculating well-defined metrics from network theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TECHNOLOGICAL innovations, GEOGRAPHIC information systems, HISTORICAL geography, THREE-dimensional imaging, and ACQUISITION of data

Abstract: Studies on volunteered geographic information (VGI) have focused on examining its validity to reveal geographic phenomena in relatively recent periods. Empirical evaluation of the validity of VGI to reveal geographic phenomena in historical periods (e.g., decades ago) is lacking, although such evaluation is desirable for assessing the possibility of broadening the temporal scope of VGI applications. This article presents an evaluation of the validity of VGI to reveal historical geographic phenomena through a citizen data‐based habitat suitability mapping case study. Citizen data (i.e., sightings) of the black‐and‐white snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) were elicited from local residents through three‐dimensional (3D) geovisualization interviews in Yunnan, China. The validity of the elicited sightings to reveal the historical R. bieti distribution was evaluated through habitat suitability mapping using the citizen data in historical periods. The results of controlled experiments demonstrated that suitability maps predicted using the historical citizen data had a consistent spatial pattern (correlation above 0.60) that reflects the R. bieti distribution (Boyce index around 0.90) in areas free of significant environmental change across historical periods. This in turn suggests that citizen data have validity for mapping historical geographic phenomena. It provides supporting empirical evidence for potentially broadening the temporal scope of VGI applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HISTORICAL geography, SEMIOTICS, LANDSCAPES, TOURIST attractions, and TOURISM

This paper explores the nexus of historical geography and heritage studies, using the case study of the Sovereign Hill outdoor museum in Ballarat, Australia. It reports on the application of more-thanrepresentational thinking to spaces of heritage, and advances the argument that Sovereign Hill can be usefully understood as a semiotic landscape animated by the making, knowing and recreation of the past, replete with both designed and incidental affective resonances and emotional affordances. The research upon which the paper is based aimed to capture the essences of encounters, engagements and moments of emergent meaning within a site that speaks to both an historic and newly made heritage. Key to this exploration were the energies, realities and responses of actual bodies as they moved around and interpreted the various ways in which Sovereign Hill presents the past to its visiting audiences. Methodologically, the paper draws from a series of qualitative visitor interviews gathered in 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HISTORICAL geography, LGBT communities, CONTRACTS, CITIZENS, and ECONOMICS

This article situates queer mobility within wider historical geographies of trans-Tasman flows of goods, people and ideas. Using case studies of women's and men's experiences during the early twentieth century and the twenty-first century, it shows that same-sex desire is a constituent part of these flows. Conversely, antipodean mobility has fostered particular forms of desire, sexual identity, queer community and politics. Rural and urban landscapes in both New Zealand and Australia shape queer desire in a range of diverging and converging ways, and political and legal shifts in both countries have fostered changes in trans-Tasman travel over time. Our investigation of the circuits of queer mobility urges a wider examination of the significance of trans-Tasman crossings in queer lives, both historically and in contemporary society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HOMEMAKING ability, HISTORICAL geography, ECONOMIC activity, FEMINIST geography, and WOMEN

This paper draws upon qualitative interview data to present a historical geography of 'homemaking' and economic activity among Chinese Australian women during the White Australia Policy era. An analysis of interview material indicates that some women dedicated their lives to unpaid work in the home, while other women worked in family businesses in subordinate positions. In some instances, Chinese Australian women took on more responsibility in these businesses in ways that challenged the 'front'/'back' gender divide. This economic participation reflected the need for Chinese Australian women to contribute to the survival of their families and experience roles and subjectivities that challenged the patriarchal division of gendered labour and space. This complex historical geography of Chinese Australian family economies in the White Australia era therefore challenges traditional feminist assertions that 'the home' is a universal site of female oppression and Orientalist assumptions that Confucian family systems were practised uniformly by all overseas Chinese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HISTORICAL geography -- Maps, DIGITAL technology, GEOGRAPHIC information systems, and ENVIRONMENTAL degradation

In this article, we offer a historiographical overview of major scholarly and political delineations of Appalachia from 1895 to the present alongside an online component that allows for an extensive virtual collection of historical maps as well as greater dynamism for user exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HISTORICAL geography, PHYTOGEOGRAPHY, FOREST reserves, PHYSICAL geography, and ENDANGERED species

WEN Huan-ran, a famous geographer in the 20th century, pioneered biogeography of different historical periods. His contribution to plant geography focused on four aspects: (1) The publication of his works was earlier than the formation of historical geography in China. (2) His research was conducted on community and subject classification system, especially on the bamboo forests of northern China, as well as the distribution and change of forests at national and provincial scales. (3) His research methods are concerned with both natural sciences and humanities, such as in- depth field visits, investigations, revision of errors, supplement of omissions in the literature, and discussion on the influencing factors and recommendations. (4) After overcoming difficulties, he carried out studies in the entire context and opened new far- sighted perspectives for further studies. His contribution to animal geography of historical periods included the following. (1) He published the earliest works in this field. (2) He was mainly involved in the study of many rare species in the reptilia, aves and mammalia. (3) The results can be used as surrogate indicators for eco-environmental change, reference for ancient vertebrates and modern animals and related disciplines, evidence of forest and bamboo forest distribution. It was mainly Wen's long- lasting achievements in historical geography that made his studies so valuable and unique, and aroused attention from foreign scholars. All this must be considered a highlight that can stand the test of time, and should have received more international appreciation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LAND use, HISTORICAL geography, RESIDENTIAL patterns, BUILDING design & construction, and HISTORY of geography

Developing technology, like all other sciences, also influenced the science of historical geography. Thanks to developing information technologies, research questions in history and geography have become more quantitative and complete. The aim of the study is to find the land and residential usage patterns of the Üsküdar in the 1930s and to compare them with today's land and residential usage patterns. The study consists of two stages. Firstly, the 1/200 scale map prepared by J. Pervititch in 1930-1935 was geo-referenced with ArcGIS 10.1.1 program, and land use patterns were made. In the second phase, Üsküdar's land use patterns were digitized and compared with the insurance maps prepared by J. Pervititch. As a result of this, in the Uskudar in the 1930s, the total area of places such as garden, garden, house, place of worship, cemetery, the floor elevations of the houses and the physical conditions (old, new, demolished, wood, reinforced concrete), change in usage patterns were determined. In the 1930s, green areas, which accounted for 36%, decreased. The main reason for this decrease is the disappearance of some cemeteries. On the other hand, the area occupied by the streets and streets has increased. The main reason for this is the construction of new streets and streets in empty fields. There have also been some changes in the characteristics of the roads over time. In the years 1930-1936, there were 142 dead-end streets in the study area. Today, the number of dead streets is 83. The business and trade area of the city was also determined from the Pervitich maps. Between the years 1930-1936, the center of the city is the Üsküdar Pier. In the years 1930-1936, while the majority of the buildings were 1-2 storeys, it is now 5-6 storey. In the 1930s, an important part of the buildings was old and the number of buildings under construction is only one. The reason for this situation is the political and economic conditions of the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HISTORICAL geography, DAM design & construction, DAMS, SLAUGHTERING & slaughterhouses, and DEMOLITION

The article refers the historical geography of their bass Beberibe river, between in the inhabitable nuclei of the Recife and Olinda, from the second half of the century XVII until the end of the XIX century, focusing on the hygienist medicine actions next to the dam of the Varadouro and to transport of canoes of water. The deadly epidemics of the time were associated to mangroves and the stagnant water of the dam, as well as the "dirt" of the embarkations conducted for blacks. It is revealed, like this, the prophylactic campaigns front the epidemics, that has led to destruction and reconstruction of the dam, in addition restrictions to the canoe men. It is describeds about these aspects from the construction of the dam in 1687, until your definitive demolition in 1856, followed by dilution in the use of the canoes. In this context, is revealed the configuration of a "marginal space" in low Beberibe, in the century XIX, with the construction of hygienists objects to its banks – hospitals, cemiteries and slaughterhouses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HISTORICAL geography, AFRICAN American migrations, and GEOMETRIC analysis