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DANCE music and MICRORHYTHM

In this article, we explore the extent to which dynamic range processing (such as compression and sidechain compression) influences our perception of a sound signal's temporal placement in music. Because compression reshapes the sound signal's envelope, scholars have previously noted that certain uses of sidechain compression can produce peculiar rhythmic effects. In this article, we have tried to interrogate and complicate this notion by linking a description of the workings and effects of dynamic range processing to empirical findings on the interaction between sound and perceived timing, and by analyzing multitracks and DAW project files, as well as released audio files, of selected EDM tracks. The analyses of the different EDM tracks demonstrated that sidechain compression affects the music in many possible ways, depending on the settings of the compressors' parameters, as well as the rhythmic pattern and the sonic complexity of both the trigger signal and the sidechained signal. Dynamic range processing's impact on groove and perceived timing indicates, in line with previous findings, that sound and timing interact in fundamental ways. Because of this interaction, then, we cannot limit ourselves to technical terms that describe how particular effects are achieved if we want to fully understand the grooves that are characteristic of EDM or other music. We must also consider how listeners experience these effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DANCE music, ROMANIES, DANCE, FOLK dancing, and PERFECTION

Explore a music and dance tradition known as čoček in Macedonia, and by other names in Bulgaria. Albania, Serbia, and throughout the Balkan Peninsula. This tradition is long associated with the Roma people who carry a reputation of music virtuosity. Suggestions for using the dance and music in elementary and secondary general music classes are offered as well as options for listening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ELECTRONIC dance music, DANCE festivals, MUSIC festivals, THEMATIC analysis, and SELF-actualization (Psychology)

Purpose: In the emerging transformation economy, there is a shift from staging memorable experiences for many to eliciting life-transformative events for one. This study aims to understand how transformative experiences can be guided and what prerequisites are needed to elicit human transformation when designing experiences. This study borrows positive psychology as a theoretical lens to explore festivals as a prime context for liminal transformative experiences in the hospitality context. Design/methodology/approach: A constructivist qualitative research design was used through 31 in-depth interviews. To ensure experience recollection, memory formation and integration of the experience into long-term transformative effects, all interviewees had attended an electronic dance music festival in the past 12 months. Findings: Guided by the positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning and accomplishments (PERMA) model, the thematic analysis revealed a series of psychological and contextual dimensions around PERMA and liminality that need to occur for transformative experiences, personal growth and self-transcendence to happen. Practical implications: This study provides a guideline for event organisers and experiences designers to intentionally design and occasion positive human experiences in temporal and spatial liminal hospitality consumption contexts. Psychological and contextual dimensions are identified as critical factors in facilitating human transformation. Originality/value: This paper bridges the emerging transformation economy, experience design and positive psychology. Grounded in PERMA, the study offers a novel theoretical model that serves as a framework for both transformative experience research and practical experience design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ELECTRONIC dance music, DRUG abuse, DANCE parties, STATISTICAL reliability, and LONGITUDINAL method

Introduction and Aims: Longitudinal studies have found that recanting of drug use is common. We investigate the extent to which individuals in a high-risk population-electronic dance music (EDM) party attendees-provide inconsistent reports of drug use.Design and Methods: Nine hundred and thirty-three EDM party attendees were intercept-surveyed before entering randomly selected parties in 2017. A quarter (n = 236) completed the optional follow-up survey (63.1% of those providing an email address to be contacted for follow up). We compared self-reported past-year drug use on baseline and follow-up surveys (mean = 3.6 days post-baseline) among those who completed both. Predictors for providing discordant responses were also examined.Results: About 42.4% provided a discordant response between surveys, but discord regarding reported use of individual drugs (measured in changes in absolute percentage) ranged from 0.0% to 5.1%. At follow up, prevalence of reported use of LSD decreased (by 3.8%, P = 0.013) and prevalence of reported use of shrooms also decreased (by 5.1%, P = 0.005); however, test-retest reliability was strong or almost perfect for all 17 drugs (κ range: 0.88-1.00). Those reporting the use of a higher number of drugs at baseline were at increased risk of providing discordant responses. Those surveyed outside of festivals were less likely to provide more discordant responses than those surveyed outside of nightclubs.Discussion and Conclusions: Although reporting of drug use was very reliable in this high-risk population, inconsistent self-reported use of some drugs was still common. Research is needed to determine how to acquire more accurate responses in this population at the point of recruitment without relying on follow-up surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ELECTRONIC dance music, TANDEM mass spectrometry, DANCE festivals, LIQUID chromatography, and HARM reduction

Background and Objectives: Electronic dance music (EDM) party attendees who use ecstasy (3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA], Molly) are at high risk for ingesting adulterant drugs, but little is known regarding trends in exposure. We sought to determine whether adulteration has shifted in recent years. Methods: Adults entering EDM events at nightclubs and dance festivals in NYC were surveyed in 2016 and 2019. We tested hair samples from a subsample of those reporting past‐year ecstasy use using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry. Differences in unreported drug exposure and suspected adulteration were compared between 2016 (n = 90) and 2019 (n = 72). Results: MDMA detection was stable at 72‐74%. We detected decreases in unreported use of methamphetamine (from 22.2% to 5.6% [P =.003], an 74.8% decrease), new psychoactive substances (from 31.1% to 2.8% [P <.001], a 91.0% decrease), and synthetic cathinones in particular (from 27.8% to 2.8% (P <.001, an 89.9% decrease). Unreported ketamine exposure increased from 18.9% to 34.7% (P =.022, an 83.6% increase). We also detected decreases in participantsʼ suspicion of their ecstasy being adulterated with methamphetamine (from 20.0% to 5.6% [P =.010], an 72.0% decrease) and "bath salts" (synthetic cathinones, from 8.9% to 1.4% [P =.044], an 84.3% decrease). Discussion and Conclusions: Unknown exposure to adulterants among people who use ecstasy in the EDM scene is shifting. Monitoring of exposure to adulterants is needed to inform harm reduction. Scientific Significance: This was among the first studies to examine unintentional exposure to drugs over time in this population and unintentional exposure to synthetic cathinones in particular appears to be declining. (Am J Addict 2021;30:49–54) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ELECTRONIC dance music, MARIJUANA, and LSD (Drug)

Background: Due to underreporting, a major challenge associated with drug use surveys is obtaining precise estimates of drug use. Objective: This study examined reliability of self-reported lifetime marijuana use among electronic dance music (EDM) party attendees – a high-risk population for drug use. Methods: 794 adults (35.1% female) entering EDM parties were intercept-surveyed. Participants were asked about lifetime marijuana use early in the survey. Those not reporting use were asked 5–10 min later if their earlier response was correct. Participants reporting their original response was not correct were asked to check off a reason why they did not originally report use. Participants were also asked at the end of the survey how honestly they responded throughout the survey. Prevalence of lifetime marijuana use with and without corrected responses was compared and risk factors for underreporting were examined using a Poisson generalized linear model. Results: Among those not reporting marijuana use, 31.2% subsequently reported use when asked again. Prevalence of use increased from 73.7% to 81.9% after correcting responses, an 8.2% absolute increase and a 10.0% relative increase. Reporting lifetime use of ecstasy and/or LSD was associated with lower risk for underreporting marijuana use. Compared to those reporting that they answered all questions honestly, those who reportedly answered most or no questions honestly were at higher risk for underreporting. Conclusion: Asking participants to confirm previous responses can help detect underreporting of drug use on intercept surveys. Results can inform survey methods when participants are believed to be at risk for underreporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MUSICAL perception, ELECTRONIC dance music, MOTION capture (Human mechanics), HUMAN mechanics, and HEAD

The links between music and human movement have been shown to provide insight into crucial aspects of human's perception, cognition, and sensorimotor systems. In this study, we examined the influence of music on movement during standstill, aiming at further characterizing the correspondences between movement, music, and perception, by analyzing head sway fractality. Eighty seven participants were asked to stand as still as possible for 500 seconds while being presented with alternating silence and audio stimuli. The audio stimuli were all rhythmic in nature, ranging from a metronome track to complex electronic dance music. The head position of each participant was captured with an optical motion capture system. Long-range correlations of head movement were estimated by detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). Results agree with previous work on the movement-inducing effect of music, showing significantly greater head sway and lower head sway fractality during the music stimuli. In addition, patterns across stimuli suggest a two-way adaptation process to the effects of music, with musical stimuli influencing head sway while at the same time fractality modulated movement responses. Results indicate that fluctuations in head movement in both conditions exhibit long-range correlations, suggesting that the effects of music on head movement depended not only on the value of the most recent measured intervals, but also on the values of those intervals at distant times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]