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Telecommunications, Télécommunications, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Telecommunications et theorie de l'information, Telecommunications and information theory, Théorie de l'information, du signal et des communications, Information, signal and communications theory, Théorie du signal et des communications, Signal and communications theory, Signal, bruit, Signal, noise, Détection, estimation, filtrage, égalisation, prédiction, Detection, estimation, filtering, equalization, prediction, Modulation, démodulation, Modulation, demodulation, Banc filtre, Filter bank, Banco filtro, Bande fréquence, Frequency band, Banda frecuencia, Basse fréquence, Low frequency, Baja frecuencia, Convertisseur AN, AD converter, Convertidor AN, Equation intégrale, Integral equation, Ecuación integral, Erreur quantification, Quantization error, Error cuantificuación, Fonction onde, Wave function, Función onda, Génie biomédical, Biomedical engineering, Ingeniería biomédica, Haute fréquence, High frequency, Alta frecuencia, Implémentation, Implementation, Implementación, Interpolateur, Interpolator, Interpolador, Modulation sigma delta, Sigma-delta modulation, Méthode récursive, Recursive method, Método recursivo, Reconstruction signal, Signal reconstruction, Reconstrucción señal, Repliement spectre, Aliasing, Repliegue espectro, Rétroaction, Feedback regulation, Retroacción, Signal binaire, Binary signal, Señal binaria, Signal sortie, Output signal, Señal salida, Sphéroïde, Spheroid, Esferoide, Système non linéaire, Non linear system, Sistema no lineal, Temps continu, Continuous time, Tiempo continuo, Passage par zéro, and Zero crossing

Unlike synchronous processing, asynchronous processing is more efficient in biomedical and sensing networks applications as it is free from aliasing constraints and quantization error in the amplitude, it allows continuous-time processing and more importantly data is only acquired in significant parts of the signal. We consider signal decomposers based on the asynchronous sigma delta modulator (ASDM), a non-linear feedback system that maps the signal amplitude into the zero-crossings of a binary output signal. The input, the zero-crossings and the ASDM parameters are related by an integral equation making the signal reconstruction difficult to implement. Modifying the model for the ASDM, we obtain a recursive equation that permits to obtain the non-uniform samples from the zero-time crossing values. Latticing the joint time-frequency space into defined frequency bands, and time windows depending on the scale parameter different decompositions are possible. We present two cascade low- and high-frequency decomposers, and a bank-of-filters parallel decomposer. This last decomposer using the modified ASDM behaves like a asynchronous analog to digital converter, and using an interpolator based on Prolate Spheroidal Wave functions allows reconstruction of the original signal. The asynchronous approaches proposed here are well suited for processing signals sparse in time, and for low-power applications.

Electrical engineering, Electrotechnique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Electronique, Electronics, Circuits électriques, optiques et optoélectroniques, Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits, Propriétés des circuits, Circuit properties, Circuits électroniques, Electronic circuits, Convertisseurs de signal, Signal convertors, Circuits numériques, Digital circuits, Electrotechnique. Electroenergetique, Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering, Machines électriques, Electrical machines, Régulation et commande, Regulation and control, Electronique de puissance, alimentations électriques, Power electronics, power supplies, Basse fréquence, Low frequency, Baja frecuencia, Capteur mesure, Measurement sensor, Captador medida, Commande numérique, Digital control, Mando numérico, Commutateur, Selector switch, Conmutador, Conversion AN, AD conversion, Conversión AN, Convertisseur AN, AD converter, Convertidor AN, Convertisseur puissance, Power converter, Convertidor potencia, Convertisseur élévateur, Up converter, Convertidor elevador, Correction facteur puissance, Power factor correction, Courant entrant, Inward current, Corriente de entrada, Coût, Costs, Coste, Electronique puissance, Power electronics, Electrónica potencia, Entrée sortie, Input output, Entrada salida, Largeur bande, Bandwidth, Anchura banda, Méthode moyenne, Averaging method, Método medio, Ondulation, Ripple, Ondulación, Perte puissance, Power losses, Régulation facteur puissance, Power factor regulation, Regulación factor potencia, Système commande, Control system, Sistema control, Tension de commande, Actuation voltage, Voltaje de control, Tension sortie, Output voltage, Voltage salida, Transducteur résistif, Resistive transducer, Transductor resistivo, 0707D, Passage par zéro, Zero crossing, field-programmable gate arrays, rectifiers, and switched mode power supplies

Traditional digital power factor correction (PFC) uses three sensors to measure the input and output voltages and the input current. Each sensor, especially the input current one, increases the cost of the system and generates power losses in case of resistive sensors. This paper presents a controller for boost PFC converters. It uses precalculated duty cycles generated offline, and applies them to the switch. In order to control the converter with nonnominal conditions, just one analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is used, which measures the output voltage. Measuring the average and the ripple of the output voltage with this ADC, the controller takes compensation action for changes in the input voltage but also in the load of the converter. The average value is used to control the input voltage changes, while the ripple value is used to control load changes. These two loops present low frequency bandwidth, so the ADC and the whole system can be low cost. Finally, a comparator is used to detect the zero-crossing of the input voltage, so the precalculated values are synchronized with the ac mains. In this way, the converter only uses one ADC and one comparator, both with low bandwidth. Results show that high power factor and normative compliance are reached, even under nonnominal conditions.

Telecommunications, Télécommunications, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Telecommunications et theorie de l'information, Telecommunications and information theory, Théorie de l'information, du signal et des communications, Information, signal and communications theory, Théorie du signal et des communications, Signal and communications theory, Signal, bruit, Signal, noise, Détection, estimation, filtrage, égalisation, prédiction, Detection, estimation, filtering, equalization, prediction, Conversion an, conversion na, codage mic, Analog-digital conversion, digital-analog conversion, pcm coding, Conversion AN, AD conversion, Conversión AN, Convertisseur AN, AD converter, Convertidor AN, Correction erreur, Error correction, Corrección error, Désadaptation, Mismatching, Desadaptación, Estimation signal, Signal estimation, Estimación señal, Signal complexe, Complex signal, Señal compleja, Système 2 canaux, Two channel system, Sistema 2 canales, Traitement signal, Signal processing, Procesamiento señal, Entrelacement temporel, Time interleaving, Récepteur à conversion directe, Direct conversion receiver, Channel mismatches, I/Q imbalances, compensation schemes, time-interleaved ADCs, and zero-IF receivers

This paper shows that the in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) channel mismatch problem for complex signals in zero-IF receivers (ZIFRs) is related to the real-signal channel-mismatch problem in two-channel time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (TI-ADCs). The problems are related in that, given one of the problems, it can be converted to the other problem via relatively simple signal processing operations. This offers more options for the estimation of and compensation for I/Q and TI-ADC channel mismatches. In particular, if there is a need to perform both I/Q and TI-ADC channel mismatch correction, one can make use of the same basic estimation and/or compensation principles for both applications which may save computational resources. The use of TI-ADC mismatch estimation and/or compensation also offers real-signal processing techniques to the complex-signal mismatch estimation and compensation problem in ZIFRs.

Telecommunications, Télécommunications, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Informatique; automatique theorique; systemes, Computer science; control theory; systems, Logiciel, Software, Systèmes informatiques et systèmes répartis. Interface utilisateur, Computer systems and distributed systems. User interface, Bande étroite, Narrow band, Banda estrecha, Canal transmission, Transmission channel, Canal transmisión, Commande automatique, Automatic control, Control automático, Convertisseur AN, AD converter, Convertidor AN, Erreur quantification, Quantization error, Error cuantificuación, Filtre passe bande, Band pass filter, Filtro paso banda, Multiplexage fréquence, Frequency division multiplexing, Multiplaje frecuencia, Quantification signal, Signal quantization, Cuantificación señal, Réseau sans fil, Wireless network, Red sin hilo, Saturation, Saturación, Signal analogique, Analog signal, Señal analógica, Valeur extrême, Extreme value, Valor extremo, Analog-to-digital converter, Automatic gain control, FDM-based narrowband wireless systems, and Low-IF architecture

In wireless receivers, in order to prevent the saturation of a received signal in an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), an automatic gain control (AGC), which maintains the amplitude of an analog signal at an appropriate fixed level, is frequently employed. This paper discusses the effects of gain control and quantization in the AGC and ADC on the receiver performance in frequency division multiplexing-based narrowband communication systems. Each communication channel is very narrow in these systems, so the channels are packed without breaks, making it difficult to extract the desired signal using an analog bandpass filter. Therefore, other multiple communication signals are in-band interference signals in these systems. In comparison with a single interference signal, a peak amplitude of multiple interference signals is greater than the that of single interference signal given the same interference power. It is well known that signals having a large peak value cause the degradation of bit resolution due to the AGC and ADC processes. The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical and numerical analysis of the effects of gain control and quantization on the receiver performance in such an environment. The analysis results indicated that (i) in-band interference signals decreased the bit resolution of the desired signal amplitude because of these processes and (ii) the effects of these processes depend on the amplitude intensity and the number of in-band interference signals, given the same interference power.

Telecommunications, Télécommunications, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Telecommunications et theorie de l'information, Telecommunications and information theory, Théorie de l'information, du signal et des communications, Information, signal and communications theory, Théorie du signal et des communications, Signal and communications theory, Signal, bruit, Signal, noise, Détection, estimation, filtrage, égalisation, prédiction, Detection, estimation, filtering, equalization, prediction, Echantillonnage, quantification, Sampling, quantization, Traitement du signal, Signal processing, Reconnaissance des formes, Pattern recognition, Apprentissage, Learning, Aprendizaje, Approche probabiliste, Probabilistic approach, Enfoque probabilista, Cible radar, Radar target, Blanco radar, Consommation électricité, Electric power consumption, Consumo electricidad, Convertisseur AN, AD converter, Convertidor AN, Détection cible, Target detection, Detección blanco, Détection objet, Object detection, Développement série, Series expansion, Desarrollo serie, Etat actuel, State of the art, Estado actual, Fonction logarithmique, Logarithmic function, Función logarítmica, Large bande, Wide band, Banda ancha, Loi probabilité, Probability distribution, Ley probabilidad, Méthode noyau, Kernel method, Método núcleo, Optimisation, Optimization, Optimización, Paramètre nuisance, Nuisance parameter, Parámetro daño, Processus Gauss, Gaussian process, Proceso Gauss, Radar, Reconnaissance forme, Pattern recognition, Reconocimiento patrón, Reconnaissance objet, Object recognition, Série Taylor, Taylor series, Serie Taylor, Taux échantillonnage, Sampling rate, Razón muestreo, Théorie mélange, Mixture theory, Teoría mezcla, Traitement signal, Signal processing, Procesamiento señal, Echantillonnage parcimonieux, Compressed sensing, Compressive sensing (CS), Gaussian mixture (GM), optimal sensing matrix, radar profiling, and task-specific information (TSI)

The design of wideband radar systems is often limited by existing analog-to-digital (A/D) converter technology. State-of-the-art A/D rates and high effective number of bits result in rapidly increasing cost and power consumption for the radar system. Therefore, it is useful to consider compressive sensing methods that enable reduced sampling rate, and in many applications, prior knowledge of signals of interest can be learned from training data and used to design better compressive measurement kernels. In this paper, we use a task-specific information-based approach to optimizing sensing kernels for highresolution radar range profiling of man-made targets. We employ a Gaussian mixture (GM) model for the targets and use a Taylor series expansion of the logarithm of the GM probability distribution to enable a closed-form gradient of information with respect to the sensing kernel. The GM model admits nuisance parameters such as target pose angle and range translation. The gradient is then used in a gradient-based approach to search for the optimal sensing kernel. In numerical simulations, we compare the performance of the proposed sensing kernel design to random projections and to lower-bandwidth waveforms that can be sampled at the Nyquist rate. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed technique for sensing kernel design can significantly improve performance.

Telecommunications, Télécommunications, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Electronique, Electronics, Circuits électriques, optiques et optoélectroniques, Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits, Propriétés des circuits, Circuit properties, Circuits électroniques, Electronic circuits, Convertisseurs de signal, Signal convertors, Telecommunications et theorie de l'information, Telecommunications and information theory, Théorie de l'information, du signal et des communications, Information, signal and communications theory, Théorie du signal et des communications, Signal and communications theory, Signal, bruit, Signal, noise, Détection, estimation, filtrage, égalisation, prédiction, Detection, estimation, filtering, equalization, prediction, Conversion an, conversion na, codage mic, Analog-digital conversion, digital-analog conversion, pcm coding, Télécommunications, Telecommunications, Radiocommunications, Emetteurs. Récepteurs, Transmitters. Receivers, Algorithme, Algorithm, Algoritmo, Circuit large bande, Wide band circuit, Circuito ancha banda, Communication saut temporel, Time hopping communication, Communicación salto temporal, Conversion AN, AD conversion, Conversión AN, Convertisseur AN, AD converter, Convertidor AN, Distorsion non linéaire, Non linear distortion, Distorsión no lineal, Distorsion signal, Signal distortion, Distorsión señal, Dégradation, Degradation, Degradación, Endommagement, Damaging, Deterioración, Evaluation performance, Performance evaluation, Evaluación prestación, Fonction caractéristique, Characteristic function, Función característica, Impulsion, Impulse, Impulsión, Méthode analytique, Analytical method, Método analítico, Numérisation, Digitizing, Numerización, Robustesse, Robustness, Robustez, Récepteur radioélectrique, Radio receivers, Simulation système, System simulation, Simulación sistema, Taux erreur bit, Bit error rate, Tasa error bit, Traitement non linéaire, Non linear processing, Tratamiento no lineal, Traitement signal, Signal processing, Procesamiento señal, Ultra large bande, Ultra wide band, Banda ultraancha, Monobit analog-to-digital converter (ADC), nonlinear signal processing, polarity-invariant square law (PISL) technology, transmitted reference (TR), and ultra wideband (UWB)

In this paper, a novel nonlinear signal processing technology, which is denoted as the polarity-invariant square law (PISL) algorithm, is proposed to compensate nonlinear distortions caused by monobit digitization and to mitigate the performance degradation of impulse radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) receivers employing monobit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). An analytical framework based on characteristic functions has been developed to evaluate bit error rates of monobit transmitted-reference (TR) receivers and performance improvement offered by the PISL algorithm. Both theoretical analysis and simulations show that by employing the PISL algorithm, the monobit weighted TR (MWTR) receivers can achieve a bit-error-rate performance that is more than 10 dB over the direct-reference algorithm and is less than 1.5 dB away from the performance bound of the MWTR receivers in intravehicle UWB channels. Furthermore, the MWTR receiver employing the PISL algorithm is insensitive to a correlation interval; this feature not only reduces complexity of the receiver design but also ensures performance robustness over various multipath channels. Therefore, the PISL algorithm can be considered an enabling technology for the monobit IR-UWB receivers that demand high performance, lower power consumption, and low complexity.

Electronics, Electronique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Electronique, Electronics, Circuits électriques, optiques et optoélectroniques, Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits, Propriétés des circuits, Circuit properties, Circuits électroniques, Electronic circuits, Amplificateurs, Amplifiers, Convertisseurs de signal, Signal convertors, Circuits de conditionnement de caractéristiques des signaux (incluant les circuits à retard), Circuits of signal characteristics conditioning (including delay circuits), Circuits de commutation, de multiplexage, à capacités commutées, Switching, multiplexing, switched capacity circuits, Amplificateur opérationnel, Operational amplifier, Amplificador operacional, Apprentissage, Learning, Aprendizaje, Boucle réaction, Feedback, Retroalimentación, Capacité commutée, Switched capacity, Capacidad conmutada, Circuit capacité commutée, Switched capacitor networks, Conception assistée, Computer aided design, Concepción asistida, Conception circuit, Circuit design, Diseño circuito, Conversion AN, AD conversion, Conversión AN, Convertisseur AN, AD converter, Convertidor AN, Convertisseur puissance, Power converter, Convertidor potencia, Echantillonneur bloqueur, Sample and hold circuit, Muestreador mantenedor, Electronique puissance, Power electronics, Electrónica potencia, Fréquence échantillonnage, Sampling frequency, Frecuencia muestreo, Mouvement translation, Translation motion, Movimiento traslación, Rapport signal bruit, Signal to noise ratio, Relación señal ruido, Représentation graphique, Graphics, Grafo (curva), Système asservi, Feedback system, Servomecanismo, Technologie MOS complémentaire, Complementary MOS technology, Tecnología MOS complementario, Tension sortie, Output voltage, Voltage salida, Tension échelon, Voltage step, and Voltaje escalón

This study presents a full methodological approach to designing and verifying differential sample and hold switched-capacitor circuits generally used in analogue-to-digital converters (ADCs). It provides a step-by-step process for translating system requirements such as signal-to-noise ratio and sampling frequency into ADC requirements and subsequently into operational amplifier topology and specifications. It also includes the design process of a switched-capacitor common mode feedback circuit to control the common mode output voltage. Furthermore, this study discusses the noise aspects of the switched-capacitor circuits. It also provides practical methods for verifying the stability of the system by using step voltage and step current techniques. A design and simulation example for a differential sample and hold switched-capacitor circuit operating in a system requiring a 5 MHz sampling frequency and a 6-bit ADC is provided. Mentor Graphics CAD tools were used in the design and the simulations process by using 180 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) device models. This study can be used as a resource for the design engineers in the industry as well as the universities teaching graduate level advanced electronics and data converter courses.

Electronics, Electronique, Optics, Optique, Telecommunications, Télécommunications, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Electronique, Electronics, Circuits électriques, optiques et optoélectroniques, Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits, Propriétés des circuits, Circuit properties, Circuits optiques et optoélectroniques, Optical and optoelectronic circuits, Optique intégrée. Fibres et guides d'onde optiques, Integrated optics. Optical fibers and wave guides, Telecommunications et theorie de l'information, Telecommunications and information theory, Théorie de l'information, du signal et des communications, Information, signal and communications theory, Théorie du signal et des communications, Signal and communications theory, Multiplexage, Multiplexing, Télécommunications, Telecommunications, Systèmes, réseaux et services de télécommunications, Systems, networks and services of telecommunications, Transmission et modulation (techniques et équipements), Transmission and modulation (techniques and equipments), Télécommunications optiques, Optical telecommunications, Télécommunications par fibres optiques, Optical fiber communications, Bus optique, Optical bus, Barra colectora óptica, Communication fibre optique, Optical fiber communication, Conversion AN, AD conversion, Conversión AN, Convertisseur AN, AD converter, Convertidor AN, Diminution coût, Cost lowering, Reducción costes, Distorsion intermodulation, Intermodulation distortion, Echantillonnage, Sampling, Muestreo, Ecrêtage, Clipping, Descrestación, Evaluation performance, Performance evaluation, Evaluación prestación, Evanouissement, Fading, Desvanecimiento, Fibre optique, Optical fiber, Fibra óptica, Haute fréquence, High frequency, Alta frecuencia, Large bande, Wide band, Banda ancha, Liaison optique, Optical links, Masquage, Masking, Enmascaramiento, Multiplexage fréquence orthogonal, Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, Multiplaje frecuencia ortogonal, Numérisation, Digitizing, Numerización, Optique intégrée, Integrated optics, Optica integrada, Plan expérience, Experimental design, Plan experiencia, Signal large bande, Wide band signal, Señal banda ancha, Transmission large bande, Wide band transmission, Transmisión banda ancha, Transmission à courte distance, Short range transmission, Transmisión de corto alcance, Télécommunication sans fil, Wireless telecommunication, Telecomunicación sin hilo, Broadband OFDM, RF digitization, fibre-wireless integration, and radio-over-fibre

This paper investigates the different transport schemes for delivery of high-frequency broadband OFDM signals via fibre-wireless links. We have investigated analog RoF, digitized RoF, and sampled RoF transport schemes and experimentally demonstrated the transmission of broadband RF-OFDM signal using these schemes. Analog RoF results in the simplest BS/RRH configuration but it demands for large optical bandwidth. The performance of this transport scheme is limited by inter-modulation distortion (IMD) and RF power fading. For the digitized RoF transport scheme based on bandpass sampling, although digital optical link is used for signal delivery, the performance is limited by signal clipping and ADC resolution. The sampled RoF transport scheme requires only a narrow optical bandwidth, but the performance is limited by IMD and noise processes introduced by bandpass sampling. Based on our analysis and experimental results, a design guide of fibre-wireless integration system for broadband RF-OFDM transmission is provided. It is found that: analog RoF is best suitable for short-range transmission; digitized RoF has the best performance; and sampled RoF offers a low-cost solution.

Electronics, Electronique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Electronique, Electronics, Electronique des semiconducteurs. Microélectronique. Optoélectronique. Dispositifs à l'état solide, Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices, Transistors, Circuits électriques, optiques et optoélectroniques, Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits, Propriétés des circuits, Circuit properties, Circuits électroniques, Electronic circuits, Oscillateurs, résonateurs, synthétiseurs, Oscillators, resonators, synthetizers, Convertisseurs de signal, Signal convertors, Circuits de conditionnement de caractéristiques des signaux (incluant les circuits à retard), Circuits of signal characteristics conditioning (including delay circuits), Bruit basse fréquence, 1/f noise, Ruido baja frecuencia, Caractéristique fréquentielle, Frequency characteristic, Característica frecuencial, Conversion AN, AD conversion, Conversión AN, Convertisseur AN, AD converter, Convertidor AN, Diode, Diodo, Electronique organique, Organic electronics, Electrónica orgánica, Evaluation performance, Performance evaluation, Evaluación prestación, Gigue, Jitter, Fluctuación, Ligne retard, Delay line, Línea retardo, Onduleur, Inverter, Ondulador, Oscillateur anneau, Ring oscillator, Oscilador anillo, Oscillateur commande tension, Voltage controlled oscillator, Oscilador comando tensión, Production masse, Mass production, Producción en masa, Salle blanche, Clean room, Sala blanca, Semiconducteur type p, p type semiconductor, Semiconductor tipo p, Temps retard, Delay time, Tiempo retardo, Thiophène dérivé polymère, Thiophene derivative polymer, Tiofeno derivado polímero, Transistor couche mince, Thin film transistor, Transistor capa delgada, 1/f Noise, Analog-to-digital converter (ADC), Delay element, Organic thin-film transistor (OTFT), VCO-based ADC, and Voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)

A VCO-based ADC is a time-based ADC architecture that is highly digital with regard to its composition. In this paper, we analyze the performance of an organic voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) employing different delay elements and investigate their suitability for use in a VCO-based analog-to-digital converter (ADC). An equation to calculate the theoretical limit of the resolution of the VCO-based ADC from the voltage versus frequency characteristics of the VCO was formulated. Using this equation we analysed various VCO architectures to realize the VCO-based ADC. We also investigated the impact of jitter and 1/f noise on the performance of the ADC. We have employed a ring oscillator based VCO in our design. The investigated single-ended delay elements were analyzed with respect to the linearity in their voltage versus frequency characteristics. This measure of linearity governs the resolution of the VCO and the VCO being the critical part of a VCO-based ADC, determines the maximum possible resolution of the whole VCO-based ADC. The resolution of all the investigated delay cells were calculated. Based on these results it was found out that the diode-load inverter delay cell is the most promising option to realize the VCO-based ADC. For such a VCO-based ADC using diode-load inverter delay stages, the measured results show that a maximum possible resolution of 5.8 bits can be achieved. In addition to the diode-load inverter based VCO, we also measured the VCO circuit using cut-off load inverter delay stages. The OTFTs use poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) as the P-type semiconductor. Furthermore, the circuits were fabricated in a clean-room process that is compatible with printing processes for mass production.

Telecommunications, Télécommunications, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Telecommunications et theorie de l'information, Telecommunications and information theory, Théorie de l'information, du signal et des communications, Information, signal and communications theory, Théorie du signal et des communications, Signal and communications theory, Signal, bruit, Signal, noise, Détection, estimation, filtrage, égalisation, prédiction, Detection, estimation, filtering, equalization, prediction, Conversion an, conversion na, codage mic, Analog-digital conversion, digital-analog conversion, pcm coding, Télécommunications, Telecommunications, Radiocommunications, Emetteurs. Récepteurs, Transmitters. Receivers, Réduction bruit, Noise reduction, Reducción ruido, Amplificateur puissance, Power amplifier, Amplificador potencia, Analyse système, System analysis, Análisis sistema, Bruit quantification, Quantization noise, Ruido cuantificación, Canal télécommunication, Telecommunication channels, Conversion AN, AD conversion, Conversión AN, Convertisseur AN, AD converter, Convertidor AN, Distorsion non linéaire, Non linear distortion, Distorsión no lineal, Distorsion signal, Signal distortion, Distorsión señal, Effet non linéaire, Non linear effect, Efecto no lineal, Emetteur récepteur, Transceiver, Emisor receptor, Linéarité, Linearity, Linearidad, Méthode analytique, Analytical method, Método analítico, Ordre 2, Second order, Orden 2, Ordre 3, Third order, Orden 3, Phénomène non linéaire, Non linear phenomenon, Fenómeno no lineal, Procédé duplex, Duplex process, Procedimiento dúplex, Réponse dynamique, Dynamic response, Respuesta dinámica, Simulation numérique, Numerical simulation, Simulación numérica, Suppression interférence, Interference suppression, Traitement signal, Signal processing, Procesamiento señal, Télécommunication sans fil, Wireless telecommunication, Telecomunicación sin hilo, Point d'interception, Intercept point, Direct-conversion transceiver, IIP2, IIP3, full-duplex, nonlinear distortion, quantization noise, self-interference cancellation, and system calculations

Despite the intensive recent research on wireless single-channel full-duplex communications, relatively little is known about the transceiver chain nonidealities of full-duplex devices. In this paper, the effect of nonlinear distortion occurring in the transmitter power amplifier (PA) and the receiver chain is analyzed, beside the dynamic range requirements of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). This is done with detailed system calculations, which combine the properties of the individual electronics components to jointly model the complete transceiver chain, including self-interference cancellation. They also quantify the decrease in the dynamic range for the signal of interest caused by self-interference at the analog-to-digital interface. Using these system calculations, we provide comprehensive numerical results for typical transceiver parameters. The analytical results are also confirmed with full waveform simulations. We observe that the nonlinear distortion produced by the transmitter PA is a significant issue in a full-duplex transceiver and, when using cheaper and less linear components, also the receiver chain nonlinearities become considerable. It is also shown that, with digitally intensive self-interference cancellation, the quantization noise of the ADCs is another significant problem.

Electronics, Electronique, Optics, Optique, Telecommunications, Télécommunications, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Electronique, Electronics, Essais, mesure, bruit et fiabilité, Testing, measurement, noise and reliability, Circuits électriques, optiques et optoélectroniques, Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits, Propriétés des circuits, Circuit properties, Circuits électroniques, Electronic circuits, Convertisseurs de signal, Signal convertors, Appareil numérique, Digital instrument, Aparato numérico, Appareillage essai, Testing equipment, Aparato ensayo, Bruit phase, Phase noise, Ruido fase, Convertisseur AN, AD converter, Convertidor AN, Etalonnage, Calibration, Contraste, Etude comparative, Comparative study, Estudio comparativo, Fluctuation phase, Phase fluctuation, Fluctuación fase, Fréquence porteuse, Carrier frequency, Frecuencia portadora, Haute fréquence, High frequency, Alta frecuencia, Mesure bruit, Noise measurement, Mesure phase, Phase measurement, Medida fase, Régime fonctionnement, Operating rate, Régimen funcionamiento, Taux échantillonnage, Sampling rate, Razón muestreo, Bruit numérique, Digital noise, phase noise, and phase spectrum

We describe the use of digital phase noise test sets at frequencies well beyond the sampling rate of their analog-to-digital converters. The technique proposed involves the transfer of phase fluctuations from an arbitrary high carrier frequency to within the operating frequency range of the digital instrument. The validity of the proposed technique has been proven via comparison with conventional methods. Digital noise measurements eliminate the need for calibration and improve consistency of experimental results. Mechanisms limiting the resolution of spectral measurements are also discussed.

Telecommunications, Télécommunications, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Telecommunications et theorie de l'information, Telecommunications and information theory, Théorie de l'information, du signal et des communications, Information, signal and communications theory, Théorie de l'information, Information theory, Théorie du signal et des communications, Signal and communications theory, Signal, bruit, Signal, noise, Détection, estimation, filtrage, égalisation, prédiction, Detection, estimation, filtering, equalization, prediction, Codage, codes, Coding, codes, Télécommunications, Telecommunications, Radiorepérage et radionavigation, Radiolocalization and radionavigation, Estimation paramètre, Parameter estimation, Estimación parámetro, Algorithme, Algorithm, Algoritmo, Code Gray, Gray code, Código Gray, Convertisseur AN, AD converter, Convertidor AN, Correction erreur, Error correction, Corrección error, Détection erreur, Error detection, Detección error, Estimation direction arrivée, Direction-of-arrival estimation, Estimation signal, Signal estimation, Estimación señal, Localisation, Localization, Localización, Performance algorithme, Algorithm performance, Resultado algoritmo, Radar, Radiolocalisation, Radiolocalización, Réponse dynamique, Dynamic response, Respuesta dinámica, Théorie nombre, Number theory, Teoría números, Integer Gray code, congruences, dynamic range algorithm, and robust symmetrical number systems (RSNS)

The robust symmetrical number system (RSNS) is a number theoretic transform based on N ≥ 2 sequences that can extract the maximum amount of information from symmetrical folding waveforms. The sequences, based on coprime moduli, exhibit an integer gray code property making the RSNS well suited for many applications that benefit from an inherent error detection and correction capability, such as analog-to-digital converters, direction finding arrays, and radar waveform design. To use the RSNS, it is necessary to know the greatest length of combined sequences without ambiguities, called the dynamic range M, for which only a few closed-form expressions currently exist. In this paper, an efficient algorithm for computing M and its position within the combined set of sequences is presented and shown to be independent of the size of the moduli. The algorithm is used to generate the equations for several groups of additional moduli arrangements. Closed-form expressions for M are conjectured and proved using the obtained congruence equations that define the ambiguity locations.

Electrical engineering, Electrotechnique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Electronique, Electronics, Circuits électriques, optiques et optoélectroniques, Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits, Propriétés des circuits, Circuit properties, Circuits électroniques, Electronic circuits, Convertisseurs de signal, Signal convertors, Electrotechnique. Electroenergetique, Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering, Matériaux, Materials, Machines électriques, Electrical machines, Régulation et commande, Regulation and control, Electronique de puissance, alimentations électriques, Power electronics, power supplies, Commande analogique, Analog control, Comando analógíco, Commande tension, Voltage control, Control tensión, Compensateur, Compensator, Compensador, Condensateur, Capacitor, Condensador, Conversion AN, AD conversion, Conversión AN, Convertisseur AN, AD converter, Convertidor AN, Convertisseur puissance continu continu, DC-DC power convertors, Echantillonnage, Sampling, Muestreo, Electronique puissance, Power electronics, Electrónica potencia, Gain, Ganancia, Implémentation, Implementation, Implementación, Impédance sortie, Output impedance, Impedancia salida, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Modèle hybride, Hybrid model, Modelo híbrido, Ondulation, Ripple, Ondulación, Positionnement, Positioning, Posicionamiento, Régime signal faible, Small signal behavior, Régimen señal débil, Régulateur tension, Voltage regulators, Signal faible, Small signal, Señal débil, Suréchantillonnage, Oversampling, Sobremuestreo, Système commande, Control system, Sistema control, Tension de commande, Actuation voltage, Voltaje de control, Tension sortie, Output voltage, Voltage salida, Adaptive voltage positioning (AVP), buck converter, digital control, ripple-based control, and voltage regulator module (VRM)

This paper presents a digital hybrid ripple-based constant on-time control scheme for voltage regulator modules (VRMs). Due to the sampling effects of the digital implementation, the stability issue becomes worse than the analog ripple-based control schemes, especially when the composite output capacitors are utilized. In order to stabilize the system and to fulfill the output impedance requirement of adaptive voltage positioning (AVP), a hybrid ramp compensation strategy, which includes the external ramp and the estimated current ramp, is proposed in this paper. No complicated compensators are required as the conventional voltage-mode control. The small-signal model of the proposed architecture is derived to provide the design guideline for the ramp compensation gains with different output capacitors. Besides, the oversampling effect of the output voltage by using analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are also analyzed by using the presented model. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed digital ripple-based control architecture can achieve fast load transient performance and to fulfill the AVP design requirements of single-phase VRMs.

Electronics, Electronique, Optics, Optique, Telecommunications, Télécommunications, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Electronique, Electronics, Electronique des semiconducteurs. Microélectronique. Optoélectronique. Dispositifs à l'état solide, Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices, Circuits intégrés, Integrated circuits, Conception. Technologies. Analyse fonctionnement. Essais, Design. Technologies. Operation analysis. Testing, Circuits électriques, optiques et optoélectroniques, Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits, Propriétés des circuits, Circuit properties, Circuits électroniques, Electronic circuits, Convertisseurs de signal, Signal convertors, Telecommunications et theorie de l'information, Telecommunications and information theory, Télécommunications, Telecommunications, Radiorepérage et radionavigation, Radiolocalization and radionavigation, Bande base, Base band, Banda base, Boucle réaction, Feedback, Retroalimentación, Bruit quantification, Quantization noise, Ruido cuantificación, Caractéristique dynamique, Dynamic characteristic, Característica dinámica, Circuit intégré radiofréquence, Radiofrequency integrated circuits, Conception circuit intégré, Integrated circuit design, Conversion AN, AD conversion, Conversión AN, Convertisseur AN, AD converter, Convertidor AN, Evaluation performance, Performance evaluation, Evaluación prestación, Linéarité, Linearity, Linearidad, Modulation delta, Delta modulation, Modulación delta, Méthode domaine temps, Time domain method, Método dominio tiempo, Radar Doppler, Doppler radar, Rapport signal bruit, Signal to noise ratio, Relación señal ruido, Récepteur radar, Radar receivers, Réponse dynamique, Dynamic response, Respuesta dinámica, Réponse temporelle, Time response, Respuesta temporal, Rétroaction, Feedback regulation, Retroacción, Signal entrée, Input signal, Señal entrada, Tension décalage, Offset voltage, Tension de equilibrio, Timbre, Sello, Analog-to-digital conversion, RF integrated circuits (RFICs), coherent receivers, and sampled data circuits

This paper introduces a technique for improving the sensitivity of RF subsamplers in radar and coherent receiver applications. The technique, referred to herein as delta modulation (DM), feeds the time-average output of a monobit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) back to the ADC input, but with opposite polarity. Assuming pseudostationary modulation statistics on the sampled RF waveform, the feedback signal corrects for aggregate dc offsets present in the ADC that otherwise degrade ADC sensitivity. Two RF integrated circuits (RFICs) are designed to demonstrate the approach. One uses analog DM to create the feedback signal; the other uses digital DM to achieve the same result. A series of tests validates the designs. The dynamic time-domain response confirms the feedback loop's basic operation. Measured output quantization imbalance, under noise-only input drive, significantly improves with the use of the DM circuit, even for large, deliberately induced dc offsets and wide temperature variation from - 55 ° C to +85 ° C. Examination of the corrected versus uncorrected baseband spectrum under swept input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach for realistic radar and coherent receiver applications. Two-tone testing shows no impact of the DM technique on ADC linearity.

Cognition, Computer science, Informatique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Informatique; automatique theorique; systemes, Computer science; control theory; systems, Intelligence artificielle, Artificial intelligence, Connexionnisme. Réseaux neuronaux, Connectionism. Neural networks, Electronique, Electronics, Electronique des semiconducteurs. Microélectronique. Optoélectronique. Dispositifs à l'état solide, Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices, Circuits intégrés, Integrated circuits, Circuits intégrés par fonction (dont mémoires et processeurs), Integrated circuits by function (including memories and processors), Approche probabiliste, Probabilistic approach, Enfoque probabilista, Capacité mémoire, Memory capacity, Capacidad memoria, Classification, Clasificación, Conception circuit, Circuit design, Diseño circuito, Convertisseur AN, AD converter, Convertidor AN, Corrélation spatiotemporelle, Space time correlation, Correlación espacio tiempo, Intelligence artificielle, Artificial intelligence, Inteligencia artificial, Multiplicateur, Multiplier, Multiplicador, Neurone impulsionnel, Spiking neuron, Neurona pulsante, Retard, Delay, Retraso, Réseau neuronal, Neural network, Red neuronal, Architecture mémoire, Memory architecture, Arquitectura de la memoria, Biomimétique, Biomimetics, Biomimética, Programme SPICE, SPICE, Programa SPICE, Système neuromorphique, Neuromorphic system, Sistema neuromorfico, Delay-based learning, Neuromorphic, and Spiking neural networks

We present a neuromorphic spiking neural network, the DELTRON, that can remember and store patterns by changing the delays of every connection as opposed to modifying the weights. The advantage of this architecture over traditional weight-based ones is simpler hardware implementation without multipliers or digital-analog converters (DACs) as well as being suited to time-based computing. The name is derived due to similarity in the learning rule with an earlier architecture called tempotron. The DELTRON can remember more patterns than other delay-based networks by modifying a few delays to remember the most 'salient' or synchronous part of every spike pattern. We present simulations of memory capacity and classification ability of the DELTRON for different random spatio-temporal spike patterns. The memory capacity for noisy spike patterns and missing spikes is also shown. Finally, we present SPICE simulation results of the core circuits involved in a reconfigurable mixed signal implementation of this architecture.

Telecommunications, Télécommunications, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Telecommunications et theorie de l'information, Telecommunications and information theory, Théorie de l'information, du signal et des communications, Information, signal and communications theory, Théorie du signal et des communications, Signal and communications theory, Codage, codes, Coding, codes, Echantillonnage, quantification, Sampling, quantization, Télécommunications, Telecommunications, Systèmes, réseaux et services de télécommunications, Systems, networks and services of telecommunications, Commutation et signalisation, Switching and signalling, Capteur mesure, Measurement sensor, Captador medida, Communication saut temporel, Time hopping communication, Communicación salto temporal, Convertisseur AN, AD converter, Convertidor AN, Décodage, Decoding, Desciframiento, Détection de symboles, Symbol detection, Detección de símbolo, Détection différentielle, Differential detection, Echantillonnage multiple, Multiple sampling, Muestreo múltiple, Grande puissance, High power, Gran potencia, Implémentation, Implementation, Implementación, Impulsion, Impulse, Impulsión, Radiocommunication, Radio communication, Radiocomunicación, Signalisation, Signalling, Señalización, Synchronisation, Synchronization, Sincronización, Taux échantillonnage, Sampling rate, Razón muestreo, Test rapport vraisemblance, Likelihood ratio test, Test razón verosimilitud, Ultra large bande, Ultra wide band, Banda ultraancha, Echantillonnage parcimonieux, Compressed sensing, Compressive sampling (CS), multiple symbol differential detection (MSDD), sphere decoding (SD), and ultra-wideband impulse radio (UWB-IR)

Compressive sampling (CS) based multiple symbol differential detectors are proposed for impulse-radio ultra-wideband signaling, using the principles of generalized likelihood ratio tests. The CS based detectors correspond to two communication scenarios. One, where the signaling is fully synchronized at the receiver and the other, where there exists a symbol level synchronization only. With the help of CS, the sampling rates are reduced much below the Nyquist rate to save on the high power consumed by the analog-to-digital converters. In stark contrast to the usual compressive sampling practices, the proposed detectors work on the compressed samples directly, thereby avoiding a complicated reconstruction step and resulting in a reduction of the implementation complexity. To resolve the detection of multiple symbols, compressed sphere decoders are proposed as well, for both communication scenarios, which can further help to reduce the system complexity. Differential detection directly on the compressed symbols is generally marred by the requirement of an identical measurement process for every received symbol. Our proposed detectors are valid for scenarios where the measurement process is the same as well as where it is different for each received symbol.

Telecommunications, Télécommunications, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Telecommunications et theorie de l'information, Telecommunications and information theory, Théorie de l'information, du signal et des communications, Information, signal and communications theory, Théorie du signal et des communications, Signal and communications theory, Signal, bruit, Signal, noise, Détection, estimation, filtrage, égalisation, prédiction, Detection, estimation, filtering, equalization, prediction, Télécommunications, Telecommunications, Radiocommunications, Emetteurs. Récepteurs, Transmitters. Receivers, Techniques spécifiques de radiocommunications, Radiocommunication specific techniques, Bande base, Base band, Banda base, Bande étroite, Narrow band, Banda estrecha, Consommation électricité, Electric power consumption, Consumo electricidad, Convertisseur AN, AD converter, Convertidor AN, Déplacement raie, Spectral line shift, Desplazamiento raya espectral, Filtrage, Filtering, Filtrado, Filtre peigne, Comb filters, Filtre échantillonnage, Sampling filter, Filtro muestreo, Forme géométrique, Geometrical shape, Forma geométrica, Hétérodyne, Heterodyne, Heterodinaje, Intégrateur, Integrator, Integrador, Méthode directe, Direct method, Método directo, Méthode section divisée, Multistage method, Radio logicielle, Software radio, Radio logicial, Repliement spectre, Aliasing, Repliegue espectro, Récepteur radioélectrique, Radio receivers, Sous échantillonnage, Subsampling, Submuestreo, Synthèse numérique directe, Direct digital synthesis, Synthétiseur fréquence, Frequency synthesizer, Sintetizador frecuencia, Synthétiseur numérique, Digital synthesizer, Sintetizador numérico, Transformation Hilbert, Hilbert transformation, Transformación Hilbert, Filtre demi-bande, Half-band filter, Down converter channelizer, Polyphase filter bank, and Software defined radio

Power consumption is one of the most critical issues in the portable software-defined radio devices. A software radio receiver has the need to downconvert, bandwidth limit, and downsample a single narrowband channel from a span of frequencies in the Nyquist zone collected by the input analog to digital converter. In this paper, we present two techniques that perform the receiver function more efficiently than the standard Gray chip architecture formed by its direct digital synthesizer (DDS), and two stages of downsampling with a cascade integrator comb (CIC) filter and a pair of half-band filters. We compare the workload of this conventional architecture to two new architectures by applying them to the task of extracting a single, 30 kHz wide, channel from a 30 MHz band sampled at 90 MHz. One proposed structure replaces the CIC filter with a 10-stage cascade of 2-to-1 downsampling half-band filters with successively narrower transition bandwidths. In the second proposed structure, the DDS is moved to the output of the filtering stages which perform a sequence of 2-to-1 downsampling operations in half-band filters that perform incidental spectral translation by aliasing. We enlarge the set of half-band filter that reside at 0 and fs/2, to also include the Hilbert transform half-band filters residing at ±fs/4. At every stage in the cascade, the selected band resides in one of the four half-band filters. The 2-to-1 downsampling with that filter reduces the bandwidth and aliases the desired center through a sequence of known center frequencies. The desired channel is recovered from the output of the final stage by a complex heterodyne applied (at the low output rate) to obtain the desired spectral shift to base band. The paper provides a detailed workload analysis of the proposed structure along with simulation results that prove its effectiveness.

Telecommunications, Télécommunications, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Telecommunications et theorie de l'information, Telecommunications and information theory, Théorie de l'information, du signal et des communications, Information, signal and communications theory, Théorie du signal et des communications, Signal and communications theory, Signal, bruit, Signal, noise, Représentation du signal. Analyse spectrale, Signal representation. Spectral analysis, Détection, estimation, filtrage, égalisation, prédiction, Detection, estimation, filtering, equalization, prediction, Echantillonnage, quantification, Sampling, quantization, Multiplexage, Multiplexing, Algorithme, Algorithm, Algoritmo, Classification signal, Signal classification, Conversion AN, AD conversion, Conversión AN, Convertisseur AN, AD converter, Convertidor AN, Echantillonnage, Sampling, Muestreo, Estimateur, Estimator, Estimador, Estimation paramètre, Parameter estimation, Estimación parámetro, Estimation retard, Delay estimation, Evaluation performance, Performance evaluation, Evaluación prestación, Fiabilité, Reliability, Fiabilidad, Horloge, Clock, Reloj, Maximum vraisemblance, Maximum likelihood, Maxima verosimilitud, Multiplexage fréquence orthogonal, Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, Multiplaje frecuencia ortogonal, Méthode itérative, Iterative method, Método iterativo, Poursuite cible, Target tracking, Simulation numérique, Numerical simulation, Simulación numérica, Temps retard, Delay time, Tiempo retardo, Séquence de Zadoff-Chu, Zadoff-Chu sequence, Maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation, Zadoff-Chu (ZC), multiple signal classification (MUSIC), orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), and time delay estimation

This paper presents a multiple signal classification (MUSIC)-based symbol integer delay estimation algorithm for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems using the Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence. By exploiting a property of the ZC sequence, this algorithm is derived from the maximum-likelihood (ML) integer delay estimation, which retains the ability of coping with an incomplete OFDM symbol with reduced complexity. It can be realized without information on channel statistic and noise. Furthermore, taking into account the inefficiency of the MUSIC-based algorithm in estimating the integer delay if the fractional delay is compensated on local ZC, we present a real-valued delay-tracking scheme that iteratively adjusts the sampling clock phase of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). In particular, the fractional delay is tracked via the ML scheme, whereas the integer delay is estimated via the MUSIC-based algorithm. The numerical results finally confirm the efficiency and the reliability of the proposed MUSIC-based algorithm, even in the case of a small number of samples.

Electronics, Electronique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Electronique, Electronics, Circuits électriques, optiques et optoélectroniques, Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits, Propriétés des circuits, Circuit properties, Circuits électroniques, Electronic circuits, Convertisseurs de signal, Signal convertors, Conversion AN, AD conversion, Conversión AN, Convertisseur AN, AD converter, Convertidor AN, Effet quantique, Quantum effect, Efecto cuántico, Etat actuel, State of the art, Estado actual, Evaluation performance, Performance evaluation, Evaluación prestación, Linéarisation morceau, Piecewise linearization, Linearización trozo, Physique nucléaire, Nuclear physics, Física nuclear, Suréchantillonnage, Oversampling, Sobremuestreo, Système linéaire par morceaux, Piecewise linear system, Sistema lineal de trazos, Système télécommunication, Telecommunication system, Sistema telecomunicación, Virgule flottante, Floating point, Coma flotante, Logarithmic, Nonlinear analog-to-digital conversion, Oversampled, and Piecewise linear

This paper presents a survey on Nonlinear Analog-to-Digital converters (ADC). This class of converters is extremely relevant in applications where there is a need for non-uniform quantization characteristic, for example, some specific applications in the areas of light detection, hearing aid, nuclear physics, image acquisition, communication systems, etc. This survey outlines the state-of-the-art Nonlinear ADC topologies, such as, floating point, logarithmic, piecewise linear and oversampled nonlinear converters, and discusses their performance and advantages in terms of their applications.

Electronics, Electronique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Electronique, Electronics, Electronique des semiconducteurs. Microélectronique. Optoélectronique. Dispositifs à l'état solide, Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices, Circuits intégrés, Integrated circuits, Conception. Technologies. Analyse fonctionnement. Essais, Design. Technologies. Operation analysis. Testing, Circuits électriques, optiques et optoélectroniques, Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits, Propriétés des circuits, Circuit properties, Circuits électroniques, Electronic circuits, Convertisseurs de signal, Signal convertors, Commutation, Switching, Conmutación, Consommation électricité, Electric power consumption, Consumo electricidad, Conversion AN, AD conversion, Conversión AN, Convertisseur AN, AD converter, Convertidor AN, Convertisseur flash, Flash converter, Convertidor flash, Electronique faible puissance, Low-power electronics, Implémentation, Implementation, Implementación, Technologie MOS complémentaire, Complementary MOS technology, Tecnología MOS complementario, Très grande vitesse, Very high speed, Velocidad muy grande, Ultra large bande, Ultra wide band, Banda ultraancha, Analog-to-Digital conversion, CMOS, and Ultra-Wide Band

This paper presents a new autozeroing technique that combines very high speed operation, low power consumption and low input switching interferences. This technique has been applied to the design and implementation of a 6-bit 0.13 μm CMOS flash Analog-to-Digital converter for Ultra-Wide Band applications. Simulation results show 5.76-bit at 1 GS/s with a power consumption of only 182 mW, validated with experimental measurements carried out with 3-bit circuit tiles of the 6-bit flash A/D converter.