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Background: An odontogenic keratocyst is a lesion characterized by aggressive and infiltrative growth. The lesion is characterized by the existence of satellite microcysts (microtumours) and frequent recurrence (up to 30%). Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a condition in which collagen production or its post-translational modifications are affected. Defects in connective tissues cause symptoms, which range from mild joint hypermobility to life-threatening complications.
Case Presentation: We present an extremely rare case of an 11-year old girl with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and coexistence of multiple odontogenic keratocysts.
Conclusions: This case shows mainly atypical or rare association between multiple odontogenic keratocysts and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

Background: Liver transplant recipients (LTRs) are at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We sought to characterize LTR, informal caregiver, and healthcare provider perceptions about CVD care after liver transplantation (LT) to inform the design of solutions to improve care.
Methods: Participants included adult LTRs, their caregivers, and multi-specialty healthcare providers, recruited from an urban tertiary care network, who participated in 90-minute focus groups and completed a brief survey. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis and survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: Seventeen LTRs, 9 caregivers, and 22 providers participated in 7 separate focus groups. Most (93.3%) LTRs and caregivers were unaware of the risk of CVD after LT. While 54.5% of providers were confident discussing CVD risk factors with LTRs, only 36.3% were confident managing CVD risk factors in LTRs; and only 13.6% felt that CVD risk factors in their LTR patients were well-controlled. Barriers to CVD care for LTRs included: (1) lack of awareness of CVD risk after LT, (2) lack of confidence in ability to provide proper CVD care to LTRs, (3) reluctance to provide CVD care without transplant provider review, and (4) complexity of communication with the multidisciplinary LTR care team about CVD care. Participant recommendations included improved education for LTRs and caregivers about CVD risk factors, electronic health record alerts for providers, clearly defined CVD care provider roles, increased use of the transplant pharmacist, and multidisciplinary provider meetings to discuss LTRs' care plans.
Conclusion: Multiple barriers to CVD care after LT were identified and targeted recommendations were proposed by participants. Transplant centers should integrate participants' recommendations when designing interventions to optimize CVD care for LTRs.
(This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.)

Over 260,000 (2013) new oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cases are reported annually worldwide. Despite development in OSCC management, the outcome is still unsatisfactory. Identification of new molecular markers may be of use in prevention, prognosis, and choice of an appropriate therapy. The intracellular molecular signalling pathway of phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase is involved in the process of cell growth, differentiation, migration, and survival. The main components of this pathway: PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate-3-kinase catalytic subunit α), PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10), and AKT (serine-threonine kinase) are potential objects of research when introducing new therapeutic agents. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the PIK3CA , PTEN , and AKT gene mutations as prognostic factors in OSCC and to describe their role in aggressive disease progression. This is crucial for oral cancer biology understanding and for indicating which direction new clinical treatments should take.
(Copyright: © 2020 Termedia & Banach.)

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common cancer of the oral cavity and constitutes 95% of all cancers of this area. Men are affected twice as commonly as women, primarily if they are over 50 years of age. Forty percent of the lesions are localized in the tongue and 30% in the floor of the oral cavity. OSCC often affects upper and lower gingiva, buccal mucous membrane, the retromolar triangle and the palate. The prognosis is poor and the five-year survival rate ranges from 20% (OSCC in the floor of the mouth) to 60% (OSCC in the alveolar part of the mandible). Treatment is difficult, because of the localization and the invasiveness of the available methods. The diagnosis is made based on a histopathological examination of a biopsy sample. The low detection rate of early oral SCC is a considerable clinical issue. Although the oral cavity can be easily examined, in the majority of cases oral SCC is diagnosed in its late stages. It is difficult to diagnose metastases in local lymph nodes and distant organs, which is important for planning the scope of resection and further treatment, graft implantation, and differentiation between reactive and metastatic lymph nodes as well as between disease recurrence and scars or adverse reactions after surgery or radiation therapy. Imaging studies are performed as part of the routine work-up in oral SCC. However, it is difficult to interpret the results at the early stages of the disease. The following imaging methods are used - dental radiographs, panoramic radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted and dynamic sequences, perfusion computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, hybrid methods (PET/CT, PET/MRI, SPECT/CT) and ultrasound. Some important clinical problems can be resolved with the use of novel modalities such as MRI with ADC sequences and PET. The aim of this article is to describe oral squamous cell carcinoma as it appears in different imaging methods considering both their advantages and limitations.