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ATTITUDE (Psychology), MOTIVATION (Psychology), RESEARCH methodology, LEADERSHIP, VIRTUAL reality, INTERVIEWING, ECOLOGY, HEALTH outcome assessment, EXPERIENCE, QUALITATIVE research, RESPONSIBILITY, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, SOUND recordings, RESEARCH funding, THEMATIC analysis, MEDICAL practice, MENTAL health services, and CORPORATE culture

Introduction: Recognition of the importance of youth engagement in youth mental health and/or addiction (MHA) service design and delivery is increasing. Youth Advisory Councils embedded in MHA organizations represent one strategy that allows youth to be involved in MHA at the individual, organization and systemic levels. This level of involvement can facilitate positive outcomes for both the youth and the organization. As these councils become more common, it is important that organizations are prepared to partner with the participating youth. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to understand the motivations and expectations of youth with lived experience with MHA concerns who were beginning to work on a Youth Advisory Council in an MHA setting in the Greater Toronto Area. Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with each youth, ages 16–26, on the advisory council (N = 8) to understand their motivations, expectations and goals coming into the work. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Analysis resulted in five overarching themes: providing opportunities for youth learning and growth, platforming youth, empowering youth, embracing youth leadership and promoting youth‐driven change. The findings illustrate that these youth came into the Youth Advisory Council motivated to create positive change in the mental health system, take on leadership roles and had high expectations for organizational support. Our analyses provide insight for organizations planning and implementing Youth Advisory Councils in the MHA sector with the goal of best supporting youth in driving positive change across the system. Conclusion: Youth want to be provided authentic opportunities for their engagement to make a difference. MHA organizations must embrace youth leadership and move towards listening to youth experience and acting on youth recommendations to enhance service design and implementation to improve access and to better meet the needs of youth utilizing these services. Patient or Public Contributions: This study incorporated service users, including youth ages 16–26 with lived experience of MHA concerns who served on the Youth Advisory Council at the Family Navigation Project, Sunnybrook. Youth Advisory Council members contributed to two relevant research activities: (1) youth reviewed the draft interview guide before data collection, and their feedback was prioritized in the final version and (2) youth contributed to knowledge translation through contributing to academic conference presentations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GENDER, ATTITUDE (Psychology), BLAME, SEXISM, SCHOLARS, POLITICIANS, and RESPONSIBILITY

Can public consultations—gatherings organised to solicit constituent opinions—reduce the blame attributed to elected representatives whose decisions end up backfiring? Using two pre-registered survey experiments conducted on nationally representative samples of US respondents, we examine whether the effectiveness of consultations as a blame avoidance tool may be shaped by: (1) consultation characteristics, especially regarding whether or not representatives align their policies, either actively or passively, with constituent opinion; and (2) elected representative and constituent characteristics, especially regarding a representative's gender and constituents' gender attitudes. Results suggest that public consultations are indeed liable to decrease blame attribution, just so long as constituent opinion is not explicitly opposed to the representative's decision. Active alignment with constituent opinion, however, does not appear to be a requirement for decreased blame attribution—and effects related to gender and gender attitudes are also largely absent. These findings are important for scholars seeking to better understand blame attribution, clarifying how public consultations might help politicians to pre-empt blame by reducing clarity of responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19, Employee attitudes, Attitude (Psychology), and Longitudinal method

Motivation: The present study was motivated by the desire to understand and address employee concerns related to workplace disruptions. Premise: There are clear changes in the workplace that have been brought about by COVID-19. It is useful to examine how those changes—good and bad—have affected and will continue to affect an organization’s employees. Approach: In the present study, a questionnaire was developed to assess the effect of COVID-19 on workplace relationships, attitudes, and behaviors as they differ based on age, gender, and ethnicity. Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between age and work - place attitudes but not between age and relationships or age and behaviors. Additionally, the effects of gender and ethnicity were negligible. Conclusion: The present study showed minimal immediate effects of the pandemic on employees. Additional research, particularly longitudinal studies, will be necessary for a full understanding of the impact of COVID on workplace relationships, attitudes, and behaviors. Consistency: The methodology of this employee-focused study provides re - searchers and practitioners with an approach to assessing employee concerns regarding disruptions in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risk aversion, Discount prices, Investment risk, Attitude (Psychology), and Language & languages

This study explores the relationship between linguistic variation and individual attitudes toward risk and uncertainty. We propose an innovative marker that classifies languages according to the number of nonindicative moods in the grammatical contexts involving uncertainty. We find that speakers of languages that use these moods more intensively are on average more risk averse. Our marker is then used to instrument risk aversion in the model for financial asset accumulation. In addition, by using the Chen (2013) future time reference linguistic marker as a proxy for the subjective discount rate, we disentangle the effects of risk aversion and time preferences on asset accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ATTITUDE (Psychology), JUVENILE diseases, SYMPTOMS, PNEUMONIA-related mortality, and LOGISTIC regression analysis

Background: Efforts aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality associated with pneumonia in children aged five years and below largely depend on caretakers. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices of caretakers regarding pneumonia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out within Iganga and Mayuge health and demographic surveillance site (IMHDSS) cohort in Eastern Uganda. Caretakers of children under the age of five years were assessed for knowledge, attitudes, and practices using a set of indicators. The caretaker characteristics as determinants for knowledge, attitude, and practices in relation to pneumonia management were assessed for association. Logistic regression was used to assess the factors associated with caretaker knowledge, attitudes and practices. Results: A total of 649 caretakers of children five years and below of age were interviewed. Caretakers knew pneumonia as one of the childhood diseases, but were less knowledgeable about its transmission, signs and symptoms, risk factors and treatment. Overall, 28% had good knowledge, 36% had moderate knowledge and 35% had poor knowledge. The caretaker attitude was good for more than a half of the respondents (57%), while majority reported good practices (74.1%). Older age (OR = 1.63, 95% CI (1.05–2.51)), Tertiary education (OR = 4.92, 95% CI (2.5–9.65)), being married (OR = 1.82, 95% CI (1.05–3.15)) were associated with having good knowledge. Age above 35 years (aOR = 1.48, 95% CI (1.03–2.11)), and main source of livelihood were associated with good attitude and lastly being female (OR = 2.3, 95% CI (1.23–4.37)), being a Muslim (aOR = 0.5, 95% CI (0.35–0.75)), and being a farmer (OR = 0.5, 95% CI (0.33–0.85)) were associated with being a good caretaker practice. Conclusions: The caretakers of children five years and below, have relatively adequate knowledge about the signs and symptoms of pneumonia, risk factors and treatment measures. Higher education, being married, and being a salary earner were associated with better knowledge about pneumonia, while being female, being a Muslim, and being a peasant farmer were associated with good practice. Targeted interventions to equip caretakers with relevant and adequate skills and knowledge for lower-income and less educated caretakers, considering cultural and religious beliefs about childhood pneumonia identification and management are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CONFIDENCE intervals, ATTITUDE (Psychology), MULTIDIMENSIONAL Health Locus of Control scales, LIFE, RISK perception, PREVENTIVE health services, HEALTH behavior, LOCUS of control, RESEARCH funding, QUESTIONNAIRES, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, DATA analysis software, COVID-19 pandemic, LONGITUDINAL method, and EDUCATIONAL attainment

Background : Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted many people's meaning in life and health behaviors. This study aimed to verify the relationship among meaning in life (MIL), epidemic risk perception, health locus of control (HLC), and preventive health behaviors among older adults after the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic. Method: In this longitudinal study, 164 participants aged 55 years and above completed the following measures at time 1 (February 19, 2021) and one month later at time 2 (March 19, 2021): Meaning in Life in the Epidemic Questionnaire, Epidemic Risk Perception Questionnaire, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, and Health Behaviors Before and After the Epidemic Survey. Hayes' SPSS Process Macro was used to analyze the mediating effect of epidemic risk perception (model 4) and the moderating role of powerful others HLC in the mediation model (model 14). Results: The results showed that after controlling for gender, age, education level, and health behaviors at the baseline, risk perception had a significant mediating effect on the relationship between MIL and preventive health behaviors (β =.02, SE =.01, 95% CI [.00,.04]). In addition, powerful others HLC had a moderating effect on the second half of the mediating effect (β =.02, p =.02, 95% CI [.00,.03]). Specifically, compared to the older adults with low powerful others HLC, the risk perception of older adults with high powerful others HLC increased preventive health behaviors. Conclusion: Practitioners should adequately cultivate older adults' risk awareness and reinforce the importance of advice from doctors and professionals, thereby effectively enhancing the preventive health behaviors of older adults in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]