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Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the protective effect of lipoic acid (ALA) on aged rat models and to explore its mechanism of action. Methods The rats were randomly divided into the following groups : the young rats control group (Con), the old rats group (Old), and the old rat + lipoic acid group (ALA). After adaptive feeding for 7 days, ALA was given for 12 weeks. ELISA analysis is used to analyze the bone metabolism indicators. Western blot analysis was performed to assess NF-KB, Caspase-3 and PARP protein expression. Results The result of this study indicate that ALA can significantly improve bone density and bone mass in aged rats. Elderly rats can significantly reduce the levels of TRACP-5b and [3-CTX after ALA administration (P < 0. 01), and significantly increase the levels of BLAP and OPG (P < 0. 01). Treatment with ALA can significantly reduce the expression of NF-KB, Caspase-3 and PARP in elderly rats, and inhibit NF-KB pathway conduct10n. Conclusion This study suggests that ALA can protect the bone mass by inhibiting NF-KB signaling pathway in aged rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]