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Hemiptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Brevialavenosa, Brevialavenosa egae, Animalia, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, and Cicadidae

Brevialavenosa egae (Distant, 1892) new combination Tibicen egae Distant, 1892: 64 (Ega, on the Amazon). REMARKS. Nunes et al. (2023) reported two species, Abroma egae (Distant, 1892) and Abroma temperata (Walker, 1858), from the genus Abroma Stål, 1866 and the tribe Lamotialnini Boulard, 1976 in Brazil. Neither the genus nor the tribe is found in South America (Marshall et al. 2018). Both species were transferred without comment to Abroma in Distant (1906). Abroma was classified in the Taphurini Distant, 1905a in Distant’s (1906) catalogue but the remaining members of the genus are found in Africa, Madagascar, and south, southeast and insular Asia (Metcalf 1963c; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2013). Historically, the Taphurini was a tribe where taxa were placed when it was unclear where the taxon actually belonged and had representatives from most of the world (Marshall et al. 2018). However, the tribe has been redefined and currently includes only Neotropical genera (Sanborn 2021a; 2021b). Abroma egae (Fig. 2, type specimen BMNH, specimen NHMUK010392112) possesses the following combination of structures that place the species in the Cicadettinae Buckton, 1890: partially fused fore wing cubitus posterior and anal vein 1, division of fore wing vein cubitus anterior 1 with the proximal portion shorter than the distal portion, hindwing cubital cell 1 width two or more times the width of cubital cell 2, hindwing radius posterior and median veins fused at their bases, partially visible dorsal metanotum, male opercula not strongly S-shaped and lacking a deeply concave lateral margin, lack of timbal covers, undeveloped pygofer distal shoulder, pygofer upper lobe is present, and claspers that restrain the aedeagus (Marshall et al. 2018; Simon et al. 2019; Sanborn et al. 2020a). This combination of characters eliminates all remaining subfamilies as an option for the placement of the species. In addition, Abroma egae can be classified in the Taphurini based on the lack of timbal covers, the small, narrow opercula that curve towards the midline but remain well separated medially and do not cover the tympanal cavity completely, the undeveloped pygofer distal shoulder, the small upper pygofer lobes, the large, flat basal pygofer lobes, the lack of an uncus, and the presence of claspers. Within the Taphurini, the species is very similar to Brevisalavenosa auripilosa Sanborn, 2021b differing in that Distant’s species lacks dense, golden pile covering the body, the anterior abdomen is darker than the rest of the body instead of being lighter, the piceous mesonotal markings are absent, the spot of infuscation in distal fore wing apical cell 1 is smaller, fore wing radiomedial crossvein is less obliquely angled to the radius posterior vein, the costal margin is thicker to the node, the anterolateral margin of the lateral pronotal collar curves ventrally, the angled lateral opercular margin, the semicircular medial opercular margin, the operculum reaching the posterior tympanal cavity, and especially the large aedeagus with the two lateral, terminal spines but the membrane is ventral instead of terminal in Distant’s species. As a result, Abroma egae (Distant, 1892) is reassigned to the genus Brevialavenosa Sanborn, 2021b to become Brevialavenosa egae (Distant, 1892) n. comb. DISTRIBUTION. The species is known only from Brazil (Metcalf 1963c).
Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F., 2023, Resolving taxonomic issues of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) including new combinations, new synonymies, and revised status, with updates on the diversity of the Brazilian cicada fauna and new records for four South American countries, pp. 339-362 in Zootaxa 5318 (3) on pages 342-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5318.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8166896
{"references":["Distant, W. L. (1892) On some undescribed Cicadidae, with synonymical notes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 10, 54 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939208677373","Nunes, V. L., Ruschel, T. P., Maccagnan, D. H. B., Simies, P. C. & Acosta, R. C. (2023) Cigarras do Brasil, Guia Fotographica. 1 a edicao. ebook. 46 pp. [https: // zenodo. org / record / 7712483]","Boulard, M. (1976) Sur une deuxieme cigale africaine depourvue d'appareil sonore (Homoptera). Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Series A, 37, 629 - 636.","Marshall, D. C., Moulds, M. S., Hill, K. B. R., Price, B. W., Wade, E. J., Owen, C. J., Goemans, G., Marathe, K., Sarkar, V., Cooley, J. R., Sanborn, A. F., Kunte, K., Villet, M. H. & Simon, C. (2018) A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily level classification. Zootaxa, 4424 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4424.1.1","Distant, W. L. (1906) A synonymic catalogue of Homoptera. Part I. Cicadidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 207 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8554","Distant, W. L. (1905 a) Rhynchotal notes XXXIII. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 16, 22 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509443650","Metcalf, Z. P. (1963 c) General catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 2. Tibicinidae. North Carolina State College Contribution, 1564, i - vi + 1 - 492.","Duffels, J. P. & van der Laan, P. A. (1985) Catalogue of the Cicadoidea (Homoptera, Auchenorhyncha) 1956 - 1980. Series Entomologica 34. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrect, 414 pp.","Sanborn, A. F. (2021 a) The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae) of Madagascar including a new tribe, five new genera, twelve new species, four new species synonymies, five revised species status, ten new combinations, new tribal assignments for four genera, one new subtribe synonymy, a checklist and key to the species. Zootaxa, 4937 (1), 1 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4937.1.1","Sanborn, A. F. (2021 b) A new genus and species of Neotropical Taphurini Distant, 1905 (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae) from Brazil with a note on the taxonomic position of Prosotettix Jacobi, 1907. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 123, 190 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.123.1.190","Buckton, G. B. (1890) s. n. In: Mongraph of the British Cicadae, or Tettigiidae, illustrated by more than four hundred coloured drawings. Vol. I. Part III. Macmillan and Co., London, pp. xxxiv - xlviii + 65 - 96, pls. xxi - xxx. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9473","Simon, C., Gordon, E. R., Moulds, M. S., Cole, J., Haji, D., Lemmon, A. R., Lemmon, E. M., Kortyna, M., Nazario, K., Wade, E. J., Meister, R., Goemans, G., Chiswell, S. M., Pessacq, P., Veloso, C., McCutchen, J. P. & Lukasik, P. (2019) Off-target capture data, endosymbiont genes and morphology reveal a relict lineage sister to all other singing cicadas. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 128, 865 - 886. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / biolinnean / blz 120","Sanborn, A. F. (2020 a) The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Peru including the descriptions of twenty-four new species, three new synonymies, and thirty-seven new records. Zootaxa, 4785 (1), 1 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4785.1.1"]}

Hemiptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Animalia, Cicada, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, and Cicadidae

ADDITIONAL BRAZILIAN CICADA RECORDS The following species have been reported from Brazil but were not included in the synoptic list of Nunes et al. (2023). Current tribal affiliations are provided in parentheses for each taxon. Guyalna aldegondae (Kulgatz, 1902 in Kulgatz & Melichar, 1902) rev. stat., n. comb. (Fidicinini), Guyalna dyticamazona Sanborn, 2020a (Fidicinini) (Sanborn 2020a), Orialella boliviana (Distant, 1904) (Fidicinini) (Sanborn 2019a), Carineta acommosis Sanborn, 2020a (Carinetini) (Sanborn 2020a), Carineta dolosa Boulard, 1986 (Carinetini) (Dorval et al. 2011), Herrera castanetorquata Sanborn, 2020a (Carinetini) (Sanborn 2020a), Herrera melanomesochranon Sanborn, 2019a (Carinetini) (Sanborn 2019a), Herrera polygramma Sanborn, 2020a (Carinetini) (Sanborn 2020a), and Herrera sahlbergi (Stål, 1854) n. comb. (Carinetini).Finally, Cicada brazilensis Metcalf, 1963b (Cicadini), Cicada melanaria Germar, 1830 (Cicadini), Cicada effecta Walker, 1858a (Cicadini), and Cicada leucothe Walker, 1852 (Cicadini) were originally described from Brazil but are missing from the list of Nunes et al. (2023). Specimens will need to be located to determine the correct placement of the species currently assigned to Cicada as the genus is primarily distributed in the western Palearctic region (Marshall et al. 2018). It should be noted that Prosotettix sphecoidea Jacobi, 1907 was assigned to Taphurini in Nunes et al. (2023) instead of Selymbriini where it is currently assigned (Sanborn 2021b).
Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F., 2023, Resolving taxonomic issues of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) including new combinations, new synonymies, and revised status, with updates on the diversity of the Brazilian cicada fauna and new records for four South American countries, pp. 339-362 in Zootaxa 5318 (3) on page 354, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5318.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8166896
{"references":["Nunes, V. L., Ruschel, T. P., Maccagnan, D. H. B., Simies, P. C. & Acosta, R. C. (2023) Cigarras do Brasil, Guia Fotographica. 1 a edicao. ebook. 46 pp. [https: // zenodo. org / record / 7712483]","Sanborn, A. F. (2020 a) The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Peru including the descriptions of twenty-four new species, three new synonymies, and thirty-seven new records. Zootaxa, 4785 (1), 1 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4785.1.1","Distant, W. L. (1904) Rhynchotal notes XXVII. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 14, 329 - 336. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480409443017","Sanborn, A. F. (2019 a) The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Bolivia including the descriptions of fifteen new species, the resurrection of one genus and two species, seven new combinations, six new synonymies, and twenty-eight new records. Zootaxa, 4655 (1), 1 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4655.1.1","Boulard, M. (1986) Nouvelles cigales guyano-amazoniennes du genre Carineta (Homoptera, Tibicinidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, New Series, 2, 415 - 429.","Dorval, A., Filho, O. P., Costa, R. B. da & de Souza, M. D. (2011) Diversidade de cigarras (Hemiptera-Homoptera) em ambientes florestais no municipio de Cotriguacu, estado de Mato Grosso. Diversity of cicadas (Hemiptera-Homoptera) in forest environments in the municipality of Cotriguacu, state of Mato Grosso. Multitemas, Campo Grande, 40, 7 - 19.","Stal, C. (1854) Nya Hemiptera. Ofversigt af Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien Forhandlingar, 11, 231 - 255.","Metcalf, Z. P. (1963 b) General catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 1. Cicadidae. Section II. Gaeninae and Cicadinae. North Carolina State College Contribution, 1502, 587 - 919.","Germar, E. F. (1830) Species Cicadarium enumeratae et sub genera distributae. Thon's Entomologisches Archiv, 2, 37 - 57.","Walker, F. (1858 a) Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed insects in the collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq. Homoptera. John van Voorts, London, 117 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5112","Walker, F. (1852) List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part IV. British Museum Trustees, London, ix + 280 pp., VIII pls. [pp. i - ix + 909 - 1188, pls. I - VIII] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1584","Marshall, D. C., Moulds, M. S., Hill, K. B. R., Price, B. W., Wade, E. J., Owen, C. J., Goemans, G., Marathe, K., Sarkar, V., Cooley, J. R., Sanborn, A. F., Kunte, K., Villet, M. H. & Simon, C. (2018) A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily level classification. Zootaxa, 4424 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4424.1.1","Sanborn, A. F. (2021 b) A new genus and species of Neotropical Taphurini Distant, 1905 (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae) from Brazil with a note on the taxonomic position of Prosotettix Jacobi, 1907. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 123, 190 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.123.1.190"]}

Hemiptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Herrera, Animalia, Biodiversity, Herrera sahlbergi, Taxonomy, and Cicadidae

Herrera sahlbergi (Stål, 1854) new combination Cicada sahlbergi Stål, 1854: 243 (Brasilia). REMARKS. A species missing from the Brazilian faunal list in Nunes et al. (2023) is Cicada sahlbergi Stål, 1854. Metcalf (1963b) placed Cicada sahlbergi Stål, 1854 in his list of “Species of Uncertain Position” (Metcalf was suggesting the species actually belong in a different genus) under the genus Cicada Linnaeus, 1758 suggesting he did not believe the species belonged in Cicada. The holotype (“Typus”) was located in the NHRS and studied to determine its actual taxonomic position (Fig. 7). The species was housed in the NHRS collection as Prunasis sahlbergi (http://www3.nrm.se/en/homoptera_nrm/s/homopts.html) although no official change to its generic assignment has been published since it was described as a species of Cicada. However, the species has six apical cells in the hindwings and all New World genera of Parnisini Distant, 1905b, including Prunasis Stål, 1854, have five hindwing apical cells with the exception of the two hindwing apical cells found in Acyroneura Torres, 1958. The six apical cells of the hindwing eliminate Prunasis and the Parnisini as the correct generic or tribal assignment for Cicada sahlbergi. The holotype of Cicada sahlbergi is a female so many diagnostic structures are not available to help in determining the correct generic assignment. However, the metanotum is partially visible at the dorsal midline, fore wing veins CuP and 1A are fused in part, and hindwing veins RP and M are fused at their bases. In addition, the operculum is not S-shaped, the lateral margin is not concave, and it does not encapsulate the meracanthus. These characters eliminate the Tibicininae Distant, 1905a as a subfamily assignment for the species. The Tettigomyiinae Distant, 1905c is an African subfamily (Marshall et al. 2018) and the Derotettinae Moulds, 2019 (in Simon et al. 2019) contains a single genus of primitive cicadas found only in a limited region of Argentina (Simon et al. 2019) so they can thus be eliminated for the Brazilian species. Of the Neotropical tribes remaining, Zammarini Distant, 1905d and Fidicinini can be eliminated by the hindcoxae with a large inner protuberance in species of these tribes, Plautillini Distant, 1906 can be eliminated by the large fore wings and lateral expansion of the pronotum, Durangonini Moulds & Marshall, 2018 (in Marshall et al. 2018) can be eliminated by the abutting RA1 and subcosta in the fore wing and the narrow anal cell of the hindwing, Chlorocystini Distant, 1905b can be eliminated by the very narrow hind margin of the fore wing, narrow cruciform elevation, and angularly swollen ventral postclypeus, and Taphurini can be eliminated by the head being as wide or wider than the mesonotum (Distant 1906; Boer 1995; Moulds 2005; Marshall et al. 2018). The remaining available tribe is Carinetini Distant, 1905f. The body of Cicada sahlbergi tapers anteriorly and posteriorly, the pronotum has oblique lateral margins and is shorter than the mesonotum, and mainly hyaline wings as outlined by Distant (1905f) for species of the tribe (the tribal characteristics have not been updated with the addition of genera since the tribe was formed). The head being about as wide as the mesonotum, the vertex slightly longer than the front, the pronotum shorter than the mesonotum with the lateral margins slightly oblique, the abdomen about as long as the distance between the apex of the head and the cruciform elevation, the fore wings less than three times longer than broad, and the dorsal curvature of female abdominal segment 9 place the species in the genus Herrera Distant, 1905f. As a result, Cicada sahlbergi Stål, 1854 is reassigned to the genus Herrera Distant, 1905f to become Herrera sahlbergi (Stål, 1854) n. comb. DISTRIBUTION. The species is endemic to Brazil (Metcalf 1963b).
Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F., 2023, Resolving taxonomic issues of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) including new combinations, new synonymies, and revised status, with updates on the diversity of the Brazilian cicada fauna and new records for four South American countries, pp. 339-362 in Zootaxa 5318 (3) on pages 349-351, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5318.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8166896
{"references":["Stal, C. (1854) Nya Hemiptera. Ofversigt af Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien Forhandlingar, 11, 231 - 255.","Nunes, V. L., Ruschel, T. P., Maccagnan, D. H. B., Simies, P. C. & Acosta, R. C. (2023) Cigarras do Brasil, Guia Fotographica. 1 a edicao. ebook. 46 pp. [https: // zenodo. org / record / 7712483]","Metcalf, Z. P. (1963 b) General catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 1. Cicadidae. Section II. Gaeninae and Cicadinae. North Carolina State College Contribution, 1502, 587 - 919.","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Edito duodecima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 157601","Distant, W. L. (1905 b) Rhynchotal notes XXXIV. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 16, 203 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509443671","Torres, B. A. (1958) Nuevos generos Acyroneura y Acuticephala, Guaranisaria bicolor nueva especie (Homoptera-Cicadidae). Neotropica, 4, 17 - 26.","Distant, W. L. (1905 a) Rhynchotal notes XXXIII. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 16, 22 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509443650","Distant, W. L. (1905 c) Rhynchotal notes XXXV. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 16, 265 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509442862","Marshall, D. C., Moulds, M. S., Hill, K. B. R., Price, B. W., Wade, E. J., Owen, C. J., Goemans, G., Marathe, K., Sarkar, V., Cooley, J. R., Sanborn, A. F., Kunte, K., Villet, M. H. & Simon, C. (2018) A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily level classification. Zootaxa, 4424 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4424.1.1","Simon, C., Gordon, E. R., Moulds, M. S., Cole, J., Haji, D., Lemmon, A. R., Lemmon, E. M., Kortyna, M., Nazario, K., Wade, E. J., Meister, R., Goemans, G., Chiswell, S. M., Pessacq, P., Veloso, C., McCutchen, J. P. & Lukasik, P. (2019) Off-target capture data, endosymbiont genes and morphology reveal a relict lineage sister to all other singing cicadas. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 128, 865 - 886. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / biolinnean / blz 120","Distant, W. L. (1905 d) Rhynchotal notes XXXI. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 15, 379 - 387. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509443064","Distant, W. L. (1906) A synonymic catalogue of Homoptera. Part I. Cicadidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 207 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8554","Boer, A. J. de (1995) The phylogeny and taxonomy of the Chlorocystini (sensu stricto) (Homoptera, Tibicinidae). Contributions to Zoology, 65, 201 - 231. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 26660644 - 06504001","Moulds, M. S. (2005) An appraisal of the higher classification of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with special reference to the Australian fauna. Records of the Australian Museum, 57, 375 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.57.2005.1447","Distant, W. L. (1905 f) Rhynchotal notes XXXII. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 15, 478 - 486. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509442837"]}

Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Insecta, Arthropoda, Animalia, Biodiversity, and Taxonomy

Tribe Cryptolaryngini Van Schalkwyk, 1966 Cryptopharynginae Marshall, 1957: 18, not available (based on homonymic genus name). Type genus: Cryptopharynx Marshall, 1957 (unavailable, junior homonym). Cryptolarynginae Van Schalkwyk, 1966: 745 (replacement name for Cryptopharynginae). Type genus: Cryptolarynx Van Schalkwyk, 1966 (replacement name for Cryptopharynx Marshall, 1957). Periegini Legalov, 2003: 68. Type genus: Perieges Schoenherr, 1842. Cryptolaryngidae – Thompson 1992: 873, 877, 882. — Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal 1999: 72. — Alonso-Zarazaga 2013: 497. Cryptolaryngini – Kuschel 1995: 22. — Oberprieler et al. 2007: 506. — Alonso-Zarazaga 2013: 497. — Oberprieler 2014: 437–438. — Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017: 13, 112. — Legalov 2020: 320, 322. Periegini – Oberprieler 2014: 438. — Legalov 2020: 322. Key to the genera of Cryptolaryngini Van Schalkwyk, 1966 1. Scales on elytra subcircular, at most slightly longer than wide, appressed and imbricate (concealing integument). Eyes more lateral, interocular distance twice width of epifrons. Tarsi subcylindrical. Male genitalia with spiculum gastrale symmetrical. Western and Central Asia.................................................................................................................................................. Perieges Schoenherr, 1842 – Scales on elytra generally elongate, at least 1.5 × as long as wide, dense to tessellate, if shorter then not concealing integument (Fig. 1B). Eyes more directed anteriad, interocular distance less than twice width of epifrons (Fig. 4A–X). Tarsi flattened. Male genitalia with spiculum gastrale asymmetrical (Fig. 2). Southern Africa............................................................................................ 2 2. Body in male globular or moderately elongate, elytral W:L ratio 0.85–1.1. Pronotum widest at or just behind its midlength.Metatarsi with segment 2 short, at most as long as wide.Body in male more globular and shorter than in female.Parameroid plate of tegmen apically divided into two parameroid lobes, bearing erect setae on apical and/or subapical margins (Fig. 2A–W).......... Cryptolarynx Van Schalkwyk, 1966 – Body in male elongate, elytral W:L ratio 0.7. Pronotum widest in apical third of length. Metatarsi with segment 2 long, at least 1.5× as long as wide (Fig. 8F). Body in male more elongate than in female. Parameroid plate of tegmen apically undivided, its margin devoid of setae (Fig. 2X)............................................................................................................. Hadrocryptolarynx Haran gen. nov.
Published as part of Haran, Julien M., Marvaldi, Adriana E., Benoit, Laure, Oberlander, Kenneth, Stals, Riaan & Oberprieler, Rolf G., 2023, Revision of the enigmatic South African Cryptolaryngini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), with description of a new genus and twenty-two new species, pp. 1-89 in European Journal of Taxonomy 877 (1) on pages 7-68, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.877.2151, http://zenodo.org/record/8110586
{"references":["Van Schalkwyk H. A. D. 1966. Change of curculionid (Coleoptera) generic name from Cryptopharynx to Cryptolarynx. South African Journal of Agricultural Science 9 (3): 745. https: // doi. org / 10520 / AJA 05858860 _ 266","Marshall G. A. K. 1957. A new subfamily of Curculionidae (Coleoptera). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B, Taxonomy 26 (1 - 2): 17 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1957. tb 01500. x","Legalov A. A. 2003. Taxonomy, Classification and Phylogeny of the Leaf-rolling Weevils (Coleoptera: Rhynchitidae, Attelabidae) of the World Fauna. Taksonomiya, Klassifikatsiya i Filogeniya Rinkhitid i Trubkovertov (Coleoptera: Rhynchitidae, Attelabidae) Mirovoi Fauny. Kapitel, Novosibirsk.","Thompson R. T. 1992. Observations on the morphology and classification of weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea) with a key to major groups. Journal of Natural History 26 (4): 835 - 891. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939200770511","Alonso-Zarazaga M. A. & Lyal C. H. C. 1999. A World Catalogue of Families and Genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) (Excepting Scolytidae and Platypodidae). Entomopraxis, Barcelona.","Alonso-Zarazaga M. A. 2013. Family Cryptolaryngidae Schalkwyk, 1966. In: Lobl I. & Smetana A. (eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 8. Curculionoidea II: 497. Brill, Leiden. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004259164","Kuschel G. 1995. A phylogenetic classification of Curculionoidea to families and subfamilies. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 14: 5 - 33.","Oberprieler R. G., Marvaldi A. E. & Anderson R. S. 2007. Weevils, weevils, weevils everywhere. Zootaxa 1668 (1): 491 - 520. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1668.1.24","Oberprieler R. G. 2014. 3.7. 1 Brachycerinae Billberg, 1820. In: Leschen R. A. B. & Beutel, R. G. (eds) Handbook of Zoology, Vol. IV: Arthropoda: Insecta. Part 38: Coleoptera, Beetles. Volume 3: Morphology and Systematics (Phytophaga): 424 - 451. De Gruyter, Berlin. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110274462.423","Alonso-Zarazaga M. A., Barrios H., Borovec R., Bouchard P., Caldara R., Colonnelli E., Gultekin L., Hlavac P., Korotyaev B., Lyal C. H. C., Machado A., Meregalli M., Pierotti H., Ren L., Sanchez-Ruiz M., Sforzi A., Silfverberg H., Skuhrovec J., Tryzna M., Velazquez de Castro A. J. & Yunakov N. N. 2017. Cooperative catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Curculionoidea. Monografias Electronicas SEA 8: 1 - 729. Available from http: // sea-entomologia. org / monoelec. html [accessed 9 May 2023].","Legalov A. A. 2020. Annotated key to weevils of the world. Part 4. Subfamilies Erirhininae, Dryophthorinae and Cossoninae (Curculionidae). Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10 (2): 319 - 331. https: // doi. org / 10.15421 / 2020 _ 104"]}

Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Insecta, Arthropoda, Cryptolarynx, Cryptolarynx cederbergensis, Animalia, Biodiversity, and Taxonomy

17. Cryptolarynx cederbergensis Haran sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1F91C372-DB13-4390-8130-02F8B37A4FE2 Figs 1Q, 2Q, 3Q, 4Q, 5Q Differential diagnosis Cryptolarynx cederbergensis sp. nov. is most similar to C. pyrophilus sp. nov. but can be distinguished from it by the width of its forehead, which is less than twice the width of an eye (equal to twice width in C. pyrophilus), and by the arrangement of setae at the apex of the parameroid lobes (Fig. 2Q). The two species were found to have interspecific uncorrected p-distances ranging from 20.9% to 23.3% for COI and 5.2% for EF1 (Supp. file 1). Etymology The species name cederbergensis refers to the origin of this species, the Cederberg mountains in the Western Cape province. The specific epithet is an adjective in the masculine form. Material examined Holotype REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; “REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape Province, [Cederberg Wilderness Area;] Algeria [Forest Station] ca. 20 km S. 23.viii.2018. J. Haran leg.” “ 32.469° S 19.206° E, at base of Oxalis obtusa. JHAR01422_0101. Cirad-CBGP coll.” “Holotype. Cryptolarynx cederbergensis. Haran 2023”; SAMC. Paratypes REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – Western Cape • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; CBGP. Description (♂) MEASUREMENTS. Body length 1.9–2.2 mm. COLOUR AND VESTITURE. Body integument black, basal half of scapes reddish in mature specimens. Dorsal vestiture (pronotum + elytra) consisting of overlapping, recumbent, parallel-sided clothing scales, 2× as long as wide, mostly rounded at apex; colour of scales white or pale brown to dark brown; white scales usually concentrated in a pair of longitudinal lateral stripes on pronotum and elytral interstriae 4, creating a broad darker stripe medially on pronotum and basal ⅔ of elytra; white scales also concentrated in a pair of ill-defined pale spots surrounded by black scales at apical ⅔ of interstria 3; scales of striae recumbent, in lateral view not or only very slightly distinct from rest of vestiture. HEAD. Forehead very wide, slightly wider than epifrons near antennal insertions, ca 2 × as wide as width of an eye, scales suberect. Eyes convex, in dorsal view slightly exceeding outline of head, surrounded by a ring of short pale scales, on forehead directed towards occiput; distance between eye and scrobe as large as width of antennal club. Epifrons with distance between antennal insertions 0.8× length of scape, scales at least 3 × as long as wide, suberect, contiguous. Frons with a pair of long erect lateral setae. Epistome with one or two elongate median setae. Antennal funicles with segment 1 elongate; 2 shorter, at most 1.5× as long as wide; 3 longer than wide; 4 globular, isodiametric, compressed, slightly angular on inside; 5–7 globular, isodiametric. PRONOTUM. Transverse (W:L ratio 1.6), widest posteriorly of midlength, sides arcuate; apex and base subequal in width. ELYTRA. Broadly ovate, isodiametric (W:L ratio 1), sides convex, widest near midlength. LEGS. Tibiae with apical mucro; protibiae with both outer and inner margins straight; metatibiae with inner setal fringe, the setae shorter than segment 5 of metatarsus. Tarsi with segment 2 slightly longer than wide. ABDOMEN. Ventrites with creamy-white plumose scales not concealing integument; ventrites 1–4 with long suberect scales; ventrite 5 devoid of scales in apical half, there bearing only erect setae. TERMINALIA. Body of penis elongate (W:L ratio 0.3–0.4), as long as temones, sides subparallel, converging in apical third; curvature in profile weak and regular, dorsoventrally narrowed before apex. Copulatory sclerite forming a reversed V. Parameroid lobes separate, divided by deep median notch, each lobe broad, bearing a series of long setae directed apicad. Spiculum gastrale with basal arms long, regularly curved, right arm angulate near its base. Sexual dimorphism The sexes can be distinguished by the width of the forehead (as wide as or narrower than width of an eye in male, wider in female). Life history Specimens of C. cederbergensis sp. nov. were collected in monospecific stands of Oxalis obtusa, in the month of August. Distribution The species was found only at the type locality (Fig. 13).
Published as part of Haran, Julien M., Marvaldi, Adriana E., Benoit, Laure, Oberlander, Kenneth, Stals, Riaan & Oberprieler, Rolf G., 2023, Revision of the enigmatic South African Cryptolaryngini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), with description of a new genus and twenty-two new species, pp. 1-89 in European Journal of Taxonomy 877 (1) on pages 51-53, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.877.2151, http://zenodo.org/record/8110586

Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Insecta, Arthropoda, Cryptolarynx, Animalia, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, and Cryptolarynx namaquanus

7. Cryptolarynx namaquanus Haran sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F889226B-4182-43BB-A918-3DE821DEC07E Figs 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, 8D Differential diagnosis Cryptolarynx namaquanus sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of Cryptolarynx by its wide epifrons (subequal to length of scapes), its narrow forehead (narrower than width of eyes) and its proximally cylindrical metatibiae. Its broad parameroid lobes of the male genitalia, bearing only very short setae, and the shape of the spiculum are also unique among the species of the genus. Cryptolarynx namaquanus is most similar to C. variabilis sp. nov. and C. carinatus sp. nov., but in the male it can be easily distinguished from these by its proximally cylindrical metatibiae (bearing an inner carina in C. variabilis and C. carinatus) and the conformations of its male genitalia. Uncorrected p-distances between C. namaquanus and these two species were found to span 12.8–15.1% for COI and 3.7–4.2% for EF1 with C. variabilis and 9.3–10.4% for COI and 3.4% for EF1 with C. carinatus (Supp. file 1). Etymology The species name namaquanus refers to the area where this species was found, the Namaqualand region of the Northern Cape province and part of the traditional home of the Nama people (Namaqua). The specific epithet is an adjective in the masculine form. Material examined Holotype REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; “ REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA. Northern Cape Province, Kamieskroon [15 km NW, Namaqua National Park, Skilpad Flower Camp]. 29.viii.2019. J. Haran leg.” “ 30.170° S 17.793° E at base of Oxalis obtusa. JHAR02535_0101. Cirad-CBGP coll.” “Holotype. Cryptolarynx namaquanus. Haran 2023”; SAMC. Paratypes REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – Northern Cape • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; SAMC • 1 ♂, 9 specs (preserved in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; CBGP. Description (♂) MEASUREMENTS. Body length 2–3 mm. COLOUR AND VESTITURE. Body integument black, antennae and tarsi reddish. Dorsal vestiture (pronotum + elytra) consisting of overlapping, recumbent, parallel-sided clothing scales, 2 × as long as wide, truncate at apex; colour of scales varying from evenly greyish or creamy-white to brown or black; pale scales concentrated in two longitudinal stripes on pronotum and on elytral interstriae 4 as well as forming a pair of whitish spots surrounded by black scales at apical ⅔ of elytra; scales on interstriae recumbent, in lateral view not distinct from rest of vestiture. HEAD. Forehead as wide as epifrons near antennal insertions, slightly narrower than width of an eye, scales recumbent. Eyes convex, in dorsal view exceeding outline of head, surrounded by a ring of short pale scales, on forehead directed towards occiput; distance between eye and scrobe as large as or slightly smaller than width of antennal club. Epifrons wide, distance between antennal insertions as large as length of scape, scales at most 2× as long as wide, recumbent, subcontiguous. Frons with pairs of erect lateral setae. Epistome without median seta. Antennal funicles with segments 1–2 elongate, subequal, about 3× as long as wide; 3–4 as long as wide, compressed, slightly angular on inside; 5–7 globular, isodiametric; 7 sometimes wider than long. PRONOTUM. Transverse (W:L ratio 1.1–1.2), widest near midlength, sides arcuate; apex and base subequal in width. ELYTRA. Broadly ovate, isodiametric (W:L ratio 1), sides convex, widest near midlength. LEGS. Protibiae with outer margin straight, inner margin slightly bisinuate; metatibiae with apical mucro and inner setal fringe, setae shorter than segment 5 of metatarsus. Tarsi with segment 2 isodiametric. ABDOMEN. Ventrites 1 and 5 slightly concave medially; ventrites 1–4 with creamy-white plumose scales, almost concealing integument, intermixed with long suberect setae, each apically bifid. TERMINALIA. Body of penis moderately elongate (W:L ratio 0.5), 2× as short as temones, sides subparallel in basal half, converging in distal half; curvature in profile weak and regular, dorsoventrally slightly thickened at apex. Copulatory sclerite weakly sclerotised or not discerned in examined specimens. Parameroid lobes separate, divided by very deep median notch, each lobe broad, rounded at apex, bearing a series of very short setae. Spiculum gastrale with basal arms short and feebly curved. Sexual dimorphism Males can be distinguished from females by the shape of ventrites 1 and 5 (concave in male, flat or slightly convex in female). Life history Adults of C. namaquanus sp. nov. were found in monospecific stands of Oxalis obtusa, in the month of August. Distribution All specimens collected were found at the type locality, the only one thus far known for the species (Fig. 13).
Published as part of Haran, Julien M., Marvaldi, Adriana E., Benoit, Laure, Oberlander, Kenneth, Stals, Riaan & Oberprieler, Rolf G., 2023, Revision of the enigmatic South African Cryptolaryngini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), with description of a new genus and twenty-two new species, pp. 1-89 in European Journal of Taxonomy 877 (1) on pages 28-30, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.877.2151, http://zenodo.org/record/8110586

Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Insecta, Arthropoda, Cryptolarynx, Animalia, Biodiversity, Cryptolarynx oberprieleri, and Taxonomy

15. Cryptolarynx oberprieleri Haran sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 92F63525-1018-4C50-BA14-3284DCFAC09A Figs 1O, 2O, 3O, 4O, 5O, 7A–C, 8J Differential diagnosis Cryptolarynx oberprieleri sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of the genus by the combination, in males, of apically expanded protibiae, deeply divided setae on ventrite 1 and arrowhead-shaped copulatory sclerite. It differs from the most similar congener, C. falciformis sp. nov., by the structure of the apex of the parameroid lobes and the copulatory sclerite in the endophallus (Fig. 2O). Among the species for which fresh tissue was obtained, C. oberprieleri was found to be genetically closest to C. marshalli sp. nov., the two species showing uncorrected p-distances ranging from 19.8% to 22.1% for COI and from 3.4% to 3.6% for EF1, whereas intraspecific distances were up to 3.5% for COI (JHAR01246; JHAR02585) and 0.6% for EF1 (JHAR02340; JHAR02585) (Supp. file 1). Etymology Cryptolarynx oberprieleri sp. nov. is dedicated to Rolf G. Oberprieler for his substantial contribution to weevil taxonomy and classification, not least regarding the South African fauna. The specific epithet is a noun in the genitive case. Material examined Holotype REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; “REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape Province, Stellenbosch [Paradyskloof]. 26.vii.2018. J. Haran leg.” “ 33.964° S 18.876° E. at base of Oxalis glabra. J. Haran leg., JHAR01201_0101. Cirad-CBGP coll.” “Holotype. Cryptolarynx oberprieleri. Haran 2023”; SAMC. Paratypes REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – Western Cape • 2 ♂♂, 17 specs (preserved in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; CBGP • 1 ♂, 19 specs (preserved in ethanol); Stellenbosch, Jan Marais Nature Reserve; 33.931° S, 18.875° E; 27 Jun. 2019; J. Haran leg.; at base of Oxalis glabra; JHAR02340; CBGP • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 33.930° S, 18.875° E; 6 Sep. 2018; J. Haran leg.; at base of Oxalis glabra; JHAR01485; SAMC • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 20 specs (preserved in ethanol); same collection data as for preceding; CBGP • 1 ♀, 3 specs (preserved in ethanol); Stellenbosch, Coetzenburg; 33.9416° S, 18.8722° E; 9 Aug. 2018; J. Haran leg.; at base of Oxalis spp.; JHAR01246; CBGP • 1 ♂, 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); Somerset West, Helderberg Nature Reserve; 34.061° S, 18.874° E; 14 Oct. 2019; J. Haran leg.; at base of Oxalis glabra; JHAR02585; CBGP • 1 ♂, 5 specs (preserved in ethanol); Klipheuwel 3 km E; 33.725° S, 18.739° E; 10 Sep. 2019; J. Haran leg.; at base of Oxalis glabra; JHAR02558; CBGP • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Cape Town, Penhill; 33.990° S, 18.729° E; 5 Jul. 2019; J. Haran leg.; at base of Oxalis glabra; JHAR03200; CBGP • 1 ♂; Kogel Bay; 34.212° S, 18.835° E; 5 Aug. 2018; J. Haran leg.; at base of Oxalis livida; JHAR01230; CBGP • 1 ♀; De Hoop Nature Reserve, western side; 34.496° S, 20.420° E; 29 Oct. 2019; R. Borovec leg; sweeping low vegetation in coastal sand dunes; FFWS. Description (♂) MEASUREMENTS. Body length 1.9–3.2 mm. COLOUR AND VESTITURE. Body integument black, scapes and tarsi reddish in fully sclerotised specimens. Dorsal vestiture (pronotum + elytra) consisting of overlapping, recumbent, parallel-sided clothing scales, 2–3 × as long as wide, rounded or truncate at apex; colour of scales pale to dark brown; pale scales concentrated in two lateral stripes on pronotum and on elytra from interstriae 4 laterad, as well as forming a pair of white spots surrounded by darker scales at apical ⅔ of interstriae 2–3; scales of striae recumbent, in lateral view not distinct from rest of vestiture. HEAD. Forehead slightly wider than epifrons near antennal insertions, as wide as an eye, scales recumbent. Eyes convex, in dorsal view slightly exceeding outline of head, surrounded by a ring of short pale scales, on forehead directed towards occiput; distance between eye and scrobe smaller than width of antennal club. Epifrons with distance between antennal insertions slightly smaller than length of scape, scales in middle of epifrons at least 3× as long as wide, recumbent, not contiguous. Frons with a pair of long erect lateral setae. Epistome without median seta. Antennal funicles with segments 1–2 moderately elongate, subequal in length, 1.5–1.8× as long as wide; 3 isodiametric; 4 slightly angular ventrally; 5–7 globular, isodiametric. PRONOTUM. Transverse (W:L ratio 1.3–1.4), widest near midlength, sides arcuate; apex slightly narrower than base. ELYTRA. Broadly ovate or bullet-shaped, wider than long (W:L ratio 1.1), sides convex, widest near or anterior of midlength. LEGS. Protibiae with outer margin straight and inner margin slightly bisinuate, with small expansion proximally of apical mucro; meso- and metatibiae with small apical mucro, metatibiae with inner setal fringe, setae shorter than segment 5 of metatarsus, and with small inner carina near base. Tarsi with segment 2 wider than long. ABDOMEN. Ventrites with creamy-white plumose scales, partly concealing integument; with long suberect setae and elongate scales concentrated medially; ventrite 1 slightly concave medially; ventrite 5 devoid of scales in apical ¾, there bearing only erect setae. TERMINALIA. Body of penis moderately elongate (W:L ratio 0.45), slightly shorter than temones, sides subparallel, converging in apical quarter; curvature in profile moderate and regular, dorsoventrally narrowed at apex. Copulatory sclerite sagittate. Parameroid lobes separate, divided by modest median notch, each lobe bilobate, with median sublobes bearing two long setae apically. Spiculum gastrale with basal arms long, right arm angulate at its midlength. Sexual dimorphism The sexes can be distinguished by the shape of the elytra (wider than long in male, longer than wide and more broadly ovate in female), by the shape of ventrite 1 (medially concave in male, convex in female) and by the protibiae (with small expansion near mucro in male). Life history Specimens of C. oberprieleri sp. nov. were collected at several localities in monospecific stands of Oxalis glabra and, at one location, at the base of a plant of O. livida Jacq. Larvae and teneral adults were found inside bulbs of O. glabra. Adults were collected between late June and late October, found to be active during the day at the base of their host plant but at sunset retreating into small holes in the soil, which they formed under debris and under the leaves of Iridaceae. Distribution This species was found on the western slopes of the Hottentots Holland Mountain range and adjacent valleys, from Stellenbosch and Klipheuwel in the north to Kogel Bay beach in the south. A single specimen was discovered in the De Hoop Nature Reserve (Fig. 13).
Published as part of Haran, Julien M., Marvaldi, Adriana E., Benoit, Laure, Oberlander, Kenneth, Stals, Riaan & Oberprieler, Rolf G., 2023, Revision of the enigmatic South African Cryptolaryngini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), with description of a new genus and twenty-two new species, pp. 1-89 in European Journal of Taxonomy 877 (1) on pages 48-49, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.877.2151, http://zenodo.org/record/8110586

Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Insecta, Arthropoda, Cryptolarynx, Animalia, Cryptolarynx robustus, Biodiversity, and Taxonomy

6. Cryptolarynx robustus Haran sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1907FA04-FD58-4E1E-AAC1-83CE5225B449 Figs 1F, 2F, 3F, 4F, 5F Differential diagnosis Cryptolarynx robustus sp. nov. belongs to the C. vitis species group, see Remarks section under that species for details. In this group it is distinguishable from C. hirtulus sp. nov. by the width of its forehead being greater than the width of an eye (narrower in C. hirtulus). Uncorrected p-distances between C. robustus (JHAR02560) and C. hirtulus (JHAR02561) were found to be 17.4% for COI and 1.7% for EF1 (Supp. file 1). Etymology The species name is derived from the Latin adjective ‘ robustus ’ and refers to the stocky appearance of the species. The specific epithet is an adjective in the masculine form. Material examined Holotype REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; “REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape Province, Malmesbury. 10.ix.2019. J. Haran leg.” “ 33.454° S 18.743° E, at base of Oxalis spp. JHAR02560_0101. Cirad-CBGP coll.” “Holotype. Cryptolarynx robustus Haran 2023 ”; SAMC. Paratypes REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – Western Cape • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; SAMC • 1 ♀ (preserved in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; CBGP. Description (♂) MEASUREMENTS. Body length 4.5–5 mm. COLOUR AND VESTITURE. Body integument black, antennae, tarsi and sometimes tibiae reddish. Dorsal vestiture (pronotum + elytra) consisting of short, overlapping, recumbent, subtriangular clothing scales, 1.2–2 × as long as wide, subcontiguous on interstriae, and longer, slightly suberect scales, at least 3× as long as wide, in each strial puncture, visible in lateral view on elytral declivity; scales creamy-white, brown and black; pale scales usually concentrated in two longitudinal stripes on pronotum and on elytral interstria 4, black scales forming spots on interstriae 1–4 at apical ⅔ of elytral length. HEAD. Forehead slightly wider than epifrons near antennal insertions, wider than width of an eye, scales suberect, not entirely concealing integument. Eyes flat, in dorsal view only slightly exceeding outline of head, surrounded by a ring of short pale scales directed towards centre of eye; distance between eye and scrobe larger than width of antennal club. Epifrons narrow, distance between antennal insertions 0.5× length of scape, scales at least 3× as long as wide, suberect, overlapping. Frons with single pair of long lateral setae. Epistome with two median setae arising from same puncture. Antennal funicles with segments 1–2 elongate, subequal, about 3× as long as wide; 3–4 slightly longer than wide, compressed, slightly angular on inside; 5–7 globular, isodiametric. PRONOTUM. Transverse (W:L ratio 1.3), almost semicircular in dorsal view, widest near midlength, sides arcuate; width of apex 0.67 × width of base. ELYTRA. Broadly ovate, slightly longer than wide (W:L ratio 0.9), sides convex, widest near midlength. LEGS. Protibiae with outer margin straight, inner margin slightly bisinuate; metatibiae with black apical mucro and inner setal fringe, the setae shorter than segment 5 of metatarsus. Tarsi with segment 2 slightly wider than long. ABDOMEN. Ventrite 1 slightly concave; ventrites 1–2 with plumose scales medially; other surfaces with overlapping creamy-white scales, partly concealing integument. TERMINALIA. Body of penis elongate (W:L ratio 0.3), 1.5–1.7× as long as temones, sides moderately convex, widest near midlength; curvature in profile weak and regular, dorsoventrally slightly narrowed before apex. Copulatory sclerite weakly sclerotised or not discerned in examined specimen. Parameroid lobes separate, divided by deep median notch, each lobe narrow, narrowed anteapically and rounded at apex, bearing long setae marginally and discally, all setae oriented centrifugally. Spiculum gastrale with basal arms regularly curved. Sexual dimorphism Males can be distinguished from females by the width of their forehead (as wide as epifrons in male, distinctly wider in female), and females also lack a mucro on the metatibiae and plumose scales on ventrite 1. Life history Adults of C. robustus sp. nov. were collected in September, at the bases of plants of Oxalis cf. purpurea in patches of Renosterveld. Distribution The species was only found at the type locality in the Western Cape province (Fig. 13). Remarks Cryptolarynx robustus sp. nov. and C. hirtulus sp. nov. have a similar general appearance and can be found in sympatry at the same localities.
Published as part of Haran, Julien M., Marvaldi, Adriana E., Benoit, Laure, Oberlander, Kenneth, Stals, Riaan & Oberprieler, Rolf G., 2023, Revision of the enigmatic South African Cryptolaryngini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), with description of a new genus and twenty-two new species, pp. 1-89 in European Journal of Taxonomy 877 (1) on pages 25-28, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.877.2151, http://zenodo.org/record/8110586

Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Cryptolarynx spinicornis, Insecta, Arthropoda, Cryptolarynx, Animalia, Biodiversity, and Taxonomy

16. Cryptolarynx spinicornis Haran sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 73337A01-7C56-441F-8DDF-E100910E5B7A Figs 1P, 2P, 3P, 4P, 5P, 7D–F, 8A, H Differential diagnosis Cryptolarynx spinicornis sp. nov. differs from all other species of the genus by its enlarged funicle segments 2 and 4, bearing an inner tooth (Fig. 8H). A mitochondrial barcode fragment could not be obtained for it, probably due to mismatch in the primers sequences. Uncorrected p-distances of EF1 show that this species is closest to C. san sp. nov. but distant from it by 1.1% (Supp. file 1). Etymology The species name spinicornis is derived from the Latin nouns ‘ spina ’ (‘spine’) and ‘ cornu ’ (‘horn’, ‘antenna’) and refers to the teeth on funicle segments 2 and 4 in this species. The specific epithet is an adjective in the masculine form. Material examined Holotype REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; “REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape Province, Klawer [13 km S]. 26.vii.2019. J. Haran leg.” “ 31.902° S 18.630° E, at base of Oxalis cf. luteola. JHAR02465_0101. Cirad-CBGP coll.” “Holotype. Cryptolarynx spinicornis. Haran 2023”; SAMC. Paratypes REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – Western Cape • 1 ♂, 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; CBGP. – Northern Cape • 2 ♂♂, 18 specs (preserved in ethanol); Sutherland 21 km SW, Blesfontein Farm; 32.462° S, 20.436° E; 18 Aug. 2019; J. Haran leg.; at base of Oxalis cf. odorata; JHAR02512; CBGP. Description (♂) MEASUREMENTS. Body length 1.7–3.0 mm. COLOUR AND VESTITURE. Body integument black, antennae, tarsi and sometimes tibiae reddish. Dorsal vestiture (pronotum + elytra) consisting of overlapping, recumbent, parallel-sided clothing scales, 3× as long as wide, truncate at apex; colour of scales pale to dark brown; pale scales generally concentrated in two lateral bands on pronotum and on elytral interstriae 4 as well as forming a pair of white spots surrounded by darker scales at apical ⅔ of interstriae 2–3; dark scales concentrated in a pair of spots at base of pronotum near scutellar shield; scales of striae recumbent, in lateral view not distinct from rest of vestiture. HEAD. Forehead slightly wider than epifrons near antennal insertions, slightly wider than width of an eye, scales recumbent. Eyes convex, in dorsal view slightly exceeding outline of head, surrounded by a ring of short pale scales, on forehead directed towards occiput; distance between eye and scrobe smaller than width of antennal club. Epifrons with distance between antennal insertions as large as length of scape, scales in middle of epifrons at least 3× as long as wide, recumbent, not contiguous. Frons with 3 pairs of erect lateral setae. Epistome without median seta. Antennal funicles with segment 1 very elongate, 2× as long as 2; 2 and 4 compressed, strongly angular, toothed on inside; 3 isodiametric or slightly longer than wide; 5–7 globular, isodiametric. PRONOTUM. Transverse (W:L ratio 1.4), widest anteriorly of midlength, sides arcuate; apex slightly narrower than base. ELYTRA. Bullet-shaped, longer than wide (W:L ratio 0.9), sides convex, widest anteriorly of midlength. LEGS. All tibiae with small apical mucro; protibiae with outer margin straight, inner margin slightly bisinuate; metatibiae with inner setal fringe, setae shorter than segment 5 of metatarsus. Tarsi with segment 2 wider than long on forelegs and longer than wide on hindlegs. ABDOMEN. Ventrites with creamy-white plumose scales partly concealing integument, with long suberect setae not or only slightly bifid at apex, concentrated medially; ventrite 1 slightly concave medially, impression devoid of scales; ventrite 5 with scales concentrated laterally, medially bare. TERMINALIA. Body of penis moderately elongate (W:L ratio 0.4), slightly shorter than temones, sides subparallel in basal ⅔, converging in apical third; curvature in profile moderate and regular, more strongly downcurved near apex, dorsoventrally narrowed before apex. Copulatory sclerite shaped like a pair of sickles. Parameroid lobes separate, divided by deep median notch, each lobe slightly bilobate, with median sublobes bearing several long setae apically. Spiculum gastrale with basal arms long, right arm angulate at its midlength. Sexual dimorphism The sexes can be distinguished by the shape of the elytra (shorter in male than in female) and the forehead (narrower in male than in female). Life history Specimens of Cryptolarynx spinicornis sp. nov. were found at the bases of plants of Oxalis cf. luteola Jacq. and O. cf. odorata J.C. Manning & Goldblatt at sites where O. obtusa was also present. Distribution The species occurs in the Vanrhynsdorp area and up to 1500 m above sea level on the Great Escarpment near Sutherland (Fig. 13). Remarks Mitochondrial barcode sequences could not be obtained for this species, probably due to a mismatch in the primer sequences.

Insecta, Arthropoda, Arethaea solterae, Tettigoniidae, Animalia, Orthoptera, Biodiversity, Arethaea, and Taxonomy

Arethaea solterae Heads, Thomas & Hedlund sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 38B8E841-8A01-4CEC-8FA4- 6D328C81AE9F (Figs 2, 3) Holotype. INHS-P 2190-1: Adult male preserved in right lateral aspect on a roughly square slab of shale measuring 95×98× 6 mm. Several other insects are present on the slab including: fragmentary hymenopteran wings [INHSP 2190-2], a ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) [INHSP 2190-3], two froghoppers (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea) [INHS-P 2190-6 and INHS-P 2190-7], and two very fragmentary indeterminate insects [INHS-P 2190-4 and INHS-P 2190-5]. Etymology. The specific epithet honours our dear friend and colleague Dr Leellen Solter, whose hard work and dedication, both in the field and lab, have vastly improved the INHS Fossil Insect Collection. Diagnosis. The new species is separated from congeners by the following combination of characters: [1] pronotal disc almost completely flat with no apparent elevation or elaboration of the metazona; [2] principal sulcus of pronotum weakly developed; [3] metafemur 1 Originally placed in Nemobius Audinet-Serville, 1838 by Scudder (1878); later transferred by him to Pronemobius Scudder, 1890 on description of the latter genus (Scudder, 1890). 2 Originally placed in Pronemobius by Scudder (1890); later transferred to Pteromogoplistes by Gorochov (in Gorochov & Labandeira, 2012). Although Gorochov was unable to re-examine the type specimen, his argument for the new combination is convincing and is followed here. 3 Originally placed in Tyrbula Scudder, 1885 by Scudder (1890); later tentatively transferred to Eoerianthus by Gorochov (in Gorochov & Labandeira, 2012). The type specimen of T. multispinosa is fragmentary and requires revision but we follow the new combination suggested by Gorochov here as it is clear from Scudder’s illustration that it is not an acridid. 4 This species was recently transferred to the genus Tettigidea Scudder, 1862 by Silva et al. (2021) though the latter authors neither examined the type material nor any other specimens and based their synonymy of Eotetrix with Tettigidea solely on the line drawings in Gorochov & Labandeira (2012). Since no photographs of E. unicornis have ever been published, we regard this as premature and illadvised, and retain Eotetrix as a separate and valid genus until such a time as all available specimens can be properly reviewed . approx. seven times longer than pronotum and approx. 70% as long as metatibiae; [4] first abdominal tergite without prominent glandular process. Type locality and horizon. USA: Colorado: Rio Blanco County: approximately 35 km south of Meeker on County Road 5: 39.7291, -107.9768. Green River Formation: Parachute Creek Member (Eocene:Ypresian— Lutetian). Description. Body form cryptic, typical of the genus. Head elongate, with fastigium verticis and frons produced somewhat anteriorly; antennae incomplete, very long and slender; eye faintly preserved but apparently elongate and elliptic in form; mouthparts well-sclerotised, elongate. Thorax with “hump-like” form typical of the genus; pronotum sellate, disc almost completely flat, metazona not elevated, lateral margin broadly rounded with distinct marginal carina; meso- and metathoraces with welldeveloped flight muscles visible. Tegmina long, narrow, missing apices, at least twice as long as abdomen, venation indistinctly preserved. Legs extremely long and slender, typical of the genus; proleg incompletely preserved, with profemur at least one-third longer than pronotum, and protibia bearing tiny spines; mesoleg not preserved; metafemur extremely slender, approx. seven times as long as pronotum; metatibia extremely slender, approx. threetenths longer than metafemur, bearing two rows of small, well-sclerotised dorsal spines along entire length; 1 st and 2 nd metatarsomeres of equal length; 3 rd metatarsomere slightly shorter, with pad projecting somewhat distally; 4th metarsomere at least twice as long as 3 rd, gently curved, with prominent tarsal claws. Abdomen approx. half as long as tegmina; 1 st tergite simple, lacking prominent tooth-like glandular process; entire abdomen preserved in sagittal section with internal soft tissues exceptionally preserved; anterior midgut (ventriculus) coiled, preserved as dark organic compression; at least five distinct tubulelike structures present in posterior half of abdominal cavity associated with a small but distinct ovoid structure closely resemble accessory glands and testis, with other undifferentiated soft tissues resembling fat body. Measurements. Total body length approx. 18.0 mm; head 2.9 mm long (measured from vertex to apex of mouthparts); pronotum 2.5 mm long; tegmina at least 21.6 mm (apical part not preserved); profemur at least 7.4 mm long (not completely preserved); metafemur approx. 19.0 mm long; metatibia 27.1 mm; metabasitarsus approx. 0.6 mm long; 2nd metatarsomere approx. 0.6 mm long; 3rd metatarsomere approx. 0.4 mm; 4th metatarsomere approx. 0.8 mm long; abdomen 11.4 mm long. Remarks. The assignment of A. solterae sp. nov. to Arethaea is strongly supported by its extremely long and slender legs (profemur approximately 2.5× the length of the pronotum and metafemur at least twice as long as the abdomen), very narrow tegmina (in males at least more than 8× longer than wide), and eyes markedly elongate and elliptic (see Hebard, 1936; Capinera et al., 2004). Detailed comparison of A. solterae sp. nov. with extant species of the genus is limited by the preservation of the specimen. While exceptionally well-preserved, the holotype of A. solterae sp. nov. being preserved as an organic compression in right lateral aspect (Fig. 2A) makes assessment of the posterior margin of the pronotum (a character used to separate extant species) impossible. Moreover, the cerci, which are also an important character used to delimit extant species, are not preserved in A. solterae sp. nov. The form of the apices of the pro- and mesofemora was noted as being particularly useful in separating species by Hebard (1936), though are also insufficiently preserved in A. solterae sp. nov. to be informative. Nevertheless, it is clear that the first abdominal tergite in A. solterae sp. nov. does not bear the prominent, somewhat tooth-like glandular process typical of many species of the genus. In this respect, A. solterae sp. nov. most closely resembles A. sellata, with which it also shares similar relative proportions (see Rehn, 1907), but differs in being slightly larger and with the dorsal surface of the pronotum being generally flat, without any notable elevation of the metazona. While the latter character state may be plesiomorphic, it is a feature known only in A. solterae sp. nov., readily separating it from all extant species of the genus.
Published as part of HEADS, SAM W., THOMAS, M. JARED, HEDLUND, TYLER J. & WANG, YINAN, 2023, A new fossil katydid of the genus Arethaea Stål (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with exceptionally preserved internal organs from the Eocene Green River Formation of Colorado, pp. 268-277 in Palaeoentomology 6 (3) on pages 270-273, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/8073010
{"references":["Gorochov, A. V. & Labandeira, C. C. (2012) Eocene Orthoptera from Green River Formation of Wyoming (USA). Russian Entomological Journal, 21 (4), 357 - 370. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / rusentj. 21.4.02","Scudder, S. H. (1890) The Tertiary insects of North America. Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories, 13, 734 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 44698","Cockerell, T. D. A. (1921) Some Eocene insects from Colorado and Wyoming. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 59, 29 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.59 - 2358.29","Scudder, S. H. (1878) The fossil insects of the Green River shales. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 4 (4), 747 - 776.","Gorochov, A. V. (1992) New and little-known fossil Grylloidea (Orthoptera) from Eurasia. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, 1992 (2), 96 - 102.","Stal, C. (1876) Observations orthopterologiques 2. Les genres Acridoidees de la fauna Europeenne. Apercu des Acridoidees de l'Amerique du Nord. Bihang till Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps - Akademiens Handlingar, 4 (5), 1 - 58.","Audinet-Serville, J. G. (1838) Histoire naturelle des insectes Orthopteres. Nouvelles suites a Buffon. Roret, Paris, xviii + 776 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 16081","Scudder, S. H. (1885) Insecta. In: Zittel, K. A. (Ed.), Handbuch der Palaeontologie. 1. Abtheilung; 2. Band, Mollusca und Arthropoda. Oldenbourg Druck under Verlag, M ¸ nchen und Leipzig, pp. 747 - 831","Scudder, S. H. (1862) Materials for a monograph of the North American Orthoptera including a catalogue of the known New England species. Boston Journal of Natural History, 7 (3), 409 - 480. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 11211","Silva, D. S. M., Cadena-Casaneda, O. J. & Pereira, M. R. (2021) Batrachideinae (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Tetrigidae): an overview of the most diverse tetrigids of the Neotropical region. Zootaxa, 4946 (1), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4946.1.1","Hebard, M. (1936) Studies in Orthoptera which occur in North America north of the Mexican boundary: VI. A revision of the genus Arethaea (Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 62, 231 - 256.","Capinera, J. L., Scott, R. D. & Walker, T. J. (2004) Field guide to grasshoppers, katydids, and crickets of the United States. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, vii + 249 pp.","Rehn, J. A. G. (1907) Notes on Orthoptera from southern Arizona, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 59, 24 - 81."]}

Hemiptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Cercopidae, Animalia, Biodiversity, Paracercopis, and Taxonomy

Genus Paracercopis Schmidt Paracercopis Schmidt, 1925: 4; Lallemand, 1949: 80; Metcalf, 1961: 550; Nast, 1972: 157. Type species: Cercopis (Callitettix) seminigra Melichar, 1902: 105, pl. v, fig. 11, by original designation. Esakius Ôuchi, 1943: 498. Type species: Esakius sinensis Ôuchi, 1943: 498, by original designation. [Synonymized by Liang, 1993 (1992): 444.] Generic diagnosis. Members of Paracercopis can be distinguished from other cercopid genera by the combination of the following characters: body medium-sized, relatively robust, oval (Figs 1A–D, 5A, 5D); postclypeus centrally longitudinally sulcate (Fig. 5C); hindwing with 4 closed apical cells, Cu 1a and Cu 1b on short stalk, cross vein m-cu meeting Cu 1a well after furcation Cu 1a /Cu 1b, basal half of Cu 1b strongly arched against Cu 2, fourth apical cell very long and large (Fig. 4A); hind tibiae with one lateral stout spine, and the male genitalia with the subgenital plates with basal body large and elongate, apex constricted into spinous process, basal plate present, parameres elongate with apex furcated, aedeagal shaft relatively short, broad and robust, apex without spinous processes; gonopore subapical on dorsal edge. The unique hindwing venation pattern (Cu 1a and Cu 1b on short stalk, cross vein m-cu meeting Cu 1a well after furcation Cu 1a /Cu 1b), oval body shape, genital styles with stout apical processes, and short and broad aedeagal shaft [see Liang 1993 (1992)] appear to be good autapomorphies of Paracercopis that support the monophyly of the genus. Paracercopis has close affinity to the Oriental Paracercopoides Liang, 1994 in head morphology, hindwing venation, and structure of the male genitalia, but can be distinguished by the broadly sulcate postclypeus (very narrowly sulcate in Paracercopoides); hindwing with cross vein m-cu meeting Cu 1a well after furcation Cu 1a /Cu 1b (Fig. 4A) [m-cu meeting Cu 1a just before furcation Cu 1a /Cu 1b in the males or well before furcation Cu 1a /Cu 1b in the females in Paracercopoides (Fig. 4B)] and the basal half of Cu 1b strongly arched against Cu 2 (Fig. 4A) [nearly straight and more remote from Cu 2 in Paracercopoides (Fig. 4B)]; and the minutiae of the male genitalia. This genus is also closely related to several other Oriental genera, including Eoscarta Breddin, with the sulcate postclypeus and the hind tibiae with one lateral spur, but can be separated reliably by hindwing venation and the structure of the male genitalia. Ultrastructure of antennal sensilla of Paracercopis seminigra. Antennae with scape cylindrical and short (Figs 2A, 2B); pedicel cylindrical and relatively elongate, with surface transversely imbricated (Figs 2A, 2B); flagellar base expanded and hidden in apical cavity of pedicel and visible in ventrolateral view, with surface sparsely transversely imbricated (Figs 2A, 2B). Three types of sensilla, namely basiconic sensillum, coeloconic sensillum and trichoid sensillum were found in the antennae. The basiconic and coeloconic sensilla are found on the expanded flagellar base and the trichoid sensilla are seen in the pedicel. The expanded flagellar base bears a large and distinct basiconic sensillum and 8–10 coeloconic sensilla (Figs 2A– D). The basiconic sensillum is large, peg-like and is located in a large, broad, shallow pit at the apex of the expanded flagellar base (Figs 2A–D). It is broad basally and is tapered to a blunt apex pointing along the flagellar extension, with the outer cuticular surface pitted (Figs 2C, 2D). It is about 62 μm long and 17.5 μm in width subbasally. The coeloconic sensilla are porous structures located at the upper ventrolateral area of the expanded flagelar base (Figs 2A, 2C, 2D). They are concentrated on left side of the basiconic sensillum with a diameter of 4.12–6.90 μm (Figs 2A, 2C, 2D). Six hair-like trichoid sensilla are present in a cluster near the base of the pedicel laterally (Fig. 2A). They are 56–67 μm long and are curved toward the antennal shaft (Fig. 2A). The hair bases are inserted tightly into a small cuticular socket and protrude between 30–40° from the antenna. Very similar trichoid sensilla were seen on the antenna of some other cercopid spittlebug species, for example, Euryaulax carnifex (Fabricius) from Australia, Tomaspis inca (Guérin-Méneville) from Central America and Cercopis sanguinolenta (Scopoli) from Europe (Liang & Fletcher 2002; Liang unpublished data). The ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla in P. seminigra is similar to that found in species from the Oriental and Australian cercopid genera Sounama Distant, Aufidus Stål, Euryaulax Kirkaldy, Petyllis Kirkaldy and Tonnoiria Lallemand (Liang & Webb 2022; Liang & Fletcher 2002). Rostral sensilla of Paracercopis seminigra. The rostral tip of P. seminigra consists of 2 lateral lobes separated by dorsal stylet groove, each lateral lobe possessing two terminal fields of 8 basiconic sensilla (Fig. 2E–H): both inner and outer terminal fields each having two types of 4 basiconic sensilla, type I sensillum (b 1 in Figs 2F and 2G) being 3 in number, relatively long (ca. 20 μm in length, 4.3 μm in width basally and 0.9 μm in width apically), gradually tapered from base to apex and having longitudinally grooved surface; type II sensillum (b 2 in Figs 2F–G) being 1 in number, distinctly short (ca. 15 μm in length), relative broad and blunt (ca. 5.8 μm in width basally and 1.2 μm in width apically) and having smooth surface and several very fine pits on surface. The type I sensilla are possibly mechanosensory organs and the type II sensilla are possibly chemical sense organs. Biology. In common with most spittlebug groups, currently few biological data are available for species of Paracercopis. Here some host plant associations of several Paracercopis species are reported for the first time. P. seminigra (Melichar, 1902) was found in a species of the family Criceferae in Chongqiang, southwestern China. An unidentified Paracercopis species in Yunnan, southwestern China was found in a species of Pteridophyta. The nymphs of P. chekiangensis Ôuchi, 1943 produce conspicuous masses of cuckoo-spit on shrubs of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb (Fig. 1E). Some Paracercopis species can be attracted at light (Liang unpublished data). Distribution. Paracercopis occurs in southern and central China, from Zhejiang Province in the east through to Xizang (Tibet) in the west, in the northeastern India and northern Burma, Vietnam and Thailand (new country record).
Published as part of Liang, Ai-Ping, Zhang, Pei-Yi, Zhu, Xiao-Qing, Wang, Ye-Qing & Xiao, Neng-Wen, 2023, The Oriental spittlebug genus Paracercopis Schmidt (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Cercopidae) revisited, with description of one new species from Hubei, China, pp. 232-242 in Zootaxa 5306 (2) on pages 237-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/8058774
{"references":["Schmidt, E. (1925) Paracercopis, eine neue Cercopidengattung. Societas Entomologica, 40, 4 - 5.","Lallemand, V. (1949) Revision des Cercopinae (Hemiptera Homoptera). Premiere partie. Memoires du Musee royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, 32 (2), 1 - 193, pls. i - iv.","Metcalf, Z. P. (1961) General catalogue of the Homoptera. Fasc. VII, Cercopoidea. Part 2. Cercopidae. Waverly, Baltimore, Maryland, 607 pp.","Nast, J. (1972) Palaearctic Auchenorrhyncha (Homoptera): an Annotated Check List. Polish Scientific Publishers, Warszawa, 550 pp.","Melichar, L. (1902) Homopteren aus West-China, Persien und dem Sud-Ussuri-Gebiete gesammelt von Potanin, Berezovski, Zarudny und Jankovski. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Acaemie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, 7, 76 - 146.","Ouchi, Y. (1943) Contributiones ad Congnitionem Insectorum Asiae Orientalis 12. Notes on some cercopid insects from east China. Shanghai Sizenkagaku Kenkyusyo Ibo, 13 (6), 496 - 504. [in Japanese with English summary]","Liang, A. - P. [1993 (1992)] A revision of the spittlebug genus Paracercopis Schmidt (Homoptera: Cercopidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 23 (4), 443 - 452. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631292 x 00236","Liang, A. - P. (1994) Paracercopoides, a new Oriental spittlebug genus related to Paracercopis Schmidt (Insecta: Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cercopidae). Reichenbachia Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 30, 123 - 127.","Haupt, H. (1924) Die Homoptera der Tibetreise W. St ˆ tzners. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1923, 295 - 306.","Liang, A. - P. & Fletcher, M. J. (2002) Morphology of the antennal sensilla in four Australian spittlebug species (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) with implications for phylogeny. Australian Journal of Entomology, 41 (1), 39 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1440 - 6055.2002.00266. x"]}

Insecta, Arthropoda, Ducetia, Tettigoniidae, Animalia, Orthoptera, Biodiversity, Ducetia assamica, and Taxonomy

Ducetia assamica Tiwari and Diwakar sp. n. (Fig. 2–3, Table 2) Material examined. Holotype: Male. INDIA: Assam, Hollangapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, Jorhat ~ 120 m a.s.l. 2015, Coll. Chandranshu Tiwari, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, 110007 (Delhi), India. Paratype: Assam, Hollangapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, Jorhat ~ 120 m a.s.l., 2021 Coll. Chandranshu Tiwari (2 ♁). Type locality. Hollangapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, Jorhat, Assam, India. Measurements (length in mm): Body 16.99 (1.34); tegmen 22.98 (0.69), pronotum 3.82 (0.57); pro-femur 6.55 (0.35); meso-femur 7.84 (0.46); post-femur 18.85 (0.57); pro-tibia 6.97 (0.58); meso-tibia 7.87 (1.03); post-tibia 20.67 (0.93); file 1.52 (0.13). Distribution. Crepescular - Nocturnal. Bushes and shrubs, fallow land, gardens on the forest edge. In addition to type locality, the new species was also recorded by the collector in ONGC colony, Cinnamara in Jorhat. The collector also heard the same call type in Namdapha Tiger Reserve, Arunachal Pradesh. The species is likely to be distributed in North-East Himalayas. Seasonal occurrence: The species was observed perennially at the type locality. Etymology. The species is named after Assam where the species was first discovered and recorded from. The species epithet refer to the location of the type locality. Adjective following Ducetia in gender. Differential diagnosis. The new species is allied to Ducetia japonica (Thunberg, 1815) but differs in following characters: significantly smaller size, hind lobes of subgenital plate narrowing from the base towards the tip. The call pattern of D. assamica matches with the calling song of northern type D. japonica but differs in significantly longer call duration and composition of concluding trill segment (Heller et al. 2017; Tiwari and Diwakar 2023). Description: Male: Body small and slender. Head. Fastigium verticis narrow conical, dorsally furrowed, apex subacute, separated from fastigium frontis by a rectangular step. Eye ovoid, slightly bulging. Pronotum with disc rounded into paranota, only apical area flat and shouldered. Legs. Anterior coxa with a small spine. Anterior femur slightly compressed. Genicular lobes of all legs bispinose. Tibial tympana open on both sides. Femora with following number of spines on ventral margins: femur 6–7 external, 5–6 internal; mesofemur 10–12 external, no internal; postfemur 9–10 external, no internal. Pro- and mesotibiae each with 4 apical spurs and following number of spines: protibia 11–12 ventro-internal, 9–10 ventro external, 6–7 dorso-external, 5–6 dorso-interal; mesotibia 1–2 ventro-internal, 7–8 ventro-external, 6–7 dorso-internal, 4–5 dorso-external, posterior tibia with 6 apical spurs possessed 18–20 ventro-internal, 29–31 ventro-external, 33–34 dorso-internal and 30–32 dorso-external spines. Spines on ventral margins scarce near base, close towards apex. Wings. Tegmina surpassing hind knee; Radius sector branching pectinately before middle of tegmina. Hind wings caudate. Stridulatory file. with 121±3 teeth (n=3), which are large and spaced in basal half, gradually becoming narrower and denser towards the apex. Male. genitalia. Subgenital plate without apical teeth, divided from apex for almost half of its length, dorsad and covered on internal surface with small spinules with a medial furrow continuing to the base. Distal lobes contiguous. Cerci long, slender, feebly directed upwards with interno-ventral ridge. Female: Unknown. Supposed to be similar to that of D. japonica. Coloration: Green and brown color morphs. Males with a narrow brown medial band starting from head continuing to disc of pronotum and dorsal margin of tegmen. Tegmen with little conspicuous black dots in cells. Antennae pale brown, annulated. Pro- and mid femora brown; posterior femora green with dark dots on dorsal areas, anterior tibia tympanum yellowish brown. Tibial segments dark brown-black. Tegmen appears green/yellow when live, but is hyaline with veins and veinlets brown. Stridulatory vein brown with brownish-black file, cerci darkened towards tip. Depositories: The specimen are deposited in the Department of Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi.
Published as part of Tiwari, Chandranshu & Diwakar, Swati, 2023, Description of two new species of the Genus Ducetia Stål 1874 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from India, pp. 292-300 in Zootaxa 5296 (2) on pages 294-296, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5296.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/7973032
{"references":["Nagar, R., Mal, J. & Swaminathan, R. (2015) Some common and less known Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae) with the description of a new species from India. Zootaxa, 4027 (3), 301 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4027.3.1","Ingrisch, S. & Shishodia, M. S. (1998) New species and records of Tettigoniidae from India (Ensifera). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 71 (3 - 4), 355 - 371.","Thunberg, C. P. (1815) Hemipterorum maxillosorum genera illustrata plurimisque novis speciebus ditata ac descripta, Memoires de l Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, 5, 211 - 301.","Heller, K. G., Ingrisch, S, Liu, C. X., Shi, F. M., Hemp, C., Warchalowska-Sliwa, E. & Rentz, D. C. (2017) Complex songs and cryptic ethospecies: the case of the Ducetia japonica group (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea: Phaneropteridae: Phaneropterinae). Zoological Journal of Linnean Society, 181 (2), 286 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlw 019","Tiwari, C. & Diwakar, S. (2023) The katydid country: bioacoustics and ecology of tettigoniid communities from the Indian subcontinent. Bioacoustics, 32 (1), 48 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09524622.2022.2064330"]}

Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Insecta, Arthropoda, Animalia, Biodiversity, Cionus, Cionus angulicollis, and Taxonomy

17. Cionus angulicollis Rosenschoeld (Figs 17a–f) Cionus angulicollis Rosenschoeld, 1838: 737. Cionus chilianthi Marshall, 1941: 28. (syn. n.) Type locality. Cape of Good Hope (South Africa). Type series. This species was described from specimens collected in “Caput Bonae Spei” received by Drège. In NHRS we examined one female labelled “Cap. b. sp., Drège / Typus”, which we designated as the lectotype by adding the following label “ LECTOTYPE Cionus angulicollis Rosensch. des. Caldara & Košťál 2014”. Synonyms. Cionus chilianthi was described based on eight specimens: five collected at Storm River and three in Cape Province without more detailed data. In BMNH we examined the holotype labelled “Type [round white card with red margins] / Storms River, Cape Prov., 14 Jan 1925 / Reported destroying leaves of Chilianthus oleaceus / Pres. by Imp. Inst. Ent. B.M. 1941-13 / Cionus chilianthi Mshl. TYPE. male” and five paratypes labelled respectively “Co–, type [round white card with yellow margins] / Storms River, Cape Prov., 14 Jan 1925 / Reported destroying leaves of Chilianthus oleaceus / Pres. by Imp. Inst. Ent. B.M. 1941-13 / Cionus chilianthi Mshl. COTYPE. ♀ ” (2 specimens); “C. Bon Spei / Fry Coll. 1905.100. / Cionus chilianthi Mshl. COTYPE ♁”; “39520 / C. Bon Spei / Fry Coll. 1905.100 / Cionus chilianthi Mshl. COTYPE ♀ ”; “Cafrerie / Cionus chilianthi Mshl. COTYPE ♁ / GAK Marshall BMNH (E) 1950-255”. All these specimens do not show relevant differences from the lectotype of C. angulicollis. Two specimens with the same data as the holotype, but without Marshall’s labels, are preserved at SANC. Diagnosis. Pronotum with two moderately pronounced protuberances. Elytra grayish with white and dark spots on odd interstriae. Elongated hair-like scales forming distinct tuft on V 2 in male. Claws of meso- and metatarsi distinctly asymmetrical in both sexes. Redescription. Male (Figs 17a–b). Body: robust, globose. Head: rostrum stout, short (Rl/Rw 3.65–3.70, Rl/ Pl 1.17–1.21), black, in lateral view slightly curved, weakly tapered from antennal insertion to apex, in dorsal view parallel-sided, slightly enlarged apicad, striate-punctate with longitudinal distinct flattened carina along midline; in basal half with moderately dense, recumbent, elliptical, short to moderately long (l/w 3–7) whitish and light brown scales. Head between eyes moderately narrow, half as wide as rostrum at base. Eyes flat. Antennae dark brown, inserted between middle and apical third; scape long (l/w 9); funicle slightly shorter than scape, S1 moderately robust, slightly more robust than and as long as S2, 2.0× as long as wide, S2 2.3 × as long as wide, S3–5 transverse; club moderately oblongly oval, shorter than funicle, uniformly pubescent. Pronotum: dark brown, with small and regular punctures, completely hidden by dense, recumbent, moderately long (l/w 4–6), rectangular, intermixed whitish and brown scales, with whitish scales more numerous on sides and along basal half of midline; conical, moderately transverse (Pw/Pl 1.47–1.53), widest at base, with rectilinear sides, weakly convex, with two small lateral protuberances. Prosternum: anterior margin distinctly emarginated. Scutellar shield: heart-shaped, densely covered with white narrow scales. Elytra: dark brown, moderately long (El/Ew 1.15–1.21), subrectangular, widest in basal half, distinctly wider than pronotum (Ew/Pw 1.60–1.64), humeri distinct, rounded, sides in basal half subrectilinear, moderately convex on disc; interstriae almost flat, with very small punctures, almost smooth, completely hidden by recumbent, rectangular whitish scales with alternating small dark brown and whitish spots on odd interstriae; striae with small, moderately deep punctures, 1/3 as wide as interstriae, completely hidden by scales. Venter: mesosternal process moderately convex, not emarginated. Metasternum densely covered with wide and narrow intermixed white scales, distinctly shorter than V1. Abdomen with small and shallow punctures, completely hidden by moderately elongated scales, partly more elongated, hair-like in middle of V1, V2 and V5, forming distinct tuft on V2; V1 1.6× as long as V2; V1+2 5.0× as long as V3+4, latter ones 0.8× as long as V5. Legs: moderately densely covered with elongated, whitish and light brown intermixed scales; femora black, with robust sharp teeth; tibiae black, unci absent; tarsi black, onychium twice as long as T3; protarsal claws almost symmetrical and connate in basal 2/3, one claw of meso- and metatarsi by 1/3 shorter than other. Penis: Figs 17d–f, its body with rectilinear sides narrowing from base to apex, tip short, shallowly emarginated. Flagellum moderately robust, moderately long, bifurcated at base. Female. Rostrum very slightly longer (l/ w 4.20; Rl/Pl 1.22) (Fig. 17c), protarsal claws symmetrical but not connate, on meso- and metatarsi one claw 1/2 as long as other, abdomen with all scales similar in shape. Variability. Length 3.0– 4.1 mm. The dorsal vestiture vary from grey to yellowish brown, whereas the elytral spots on odd interstriae vary somewhat in number. Sometimes the dark spots are poorly visible. Remarks. This species is very similar to C. meticulosus, from which it differs by the smaller size, elytra elliptical, not rectangular, moderately imbricate scales on the elytra, here black spots on odd interstriae more numerous, protarsal claws almost symmetrical and connate in the male. Biological notes. Collgected in various localities from Buddleja salviifolia (det. Urban and M. Košťál). Distribution. South Africa (Eastern Cape, Western Cape). Non-type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape: W Bisho, km 35 from Peddie road N2, 33° 16’ S 26°48’ E, 14.XI.2006, leg. Osella (5, GOCV); Grahmstown, 23.I.1904 (1, BMNH); Grahamstown 10 km SW, 350 m, 33°22’S 26°28’E, 26.XI.2017, leg. Košťál (9, MKCS); Kareedouw Pass,, 450 m, 33°57’S 24°16’E, 16.XI.2006, leg. Osella (3, GOCV); Loerieheuwel, 10 km SW, 33°22’S 26°28’E, 20.XI.2017, on Buddleja sp., leg. Košťál (1, MKCS); Uitenhage, sandrift, 1230 m, 33°58’S 24°03’E, 16.XI.2006, leg. Osella (2, GOCV); Zuurberg Pass road, 550 m, 33°21’S 25°44’E, 17.XI.2006, leg. Colonnelli (1, ECCR); Western Cape: Bontebok, 34°04’S 20°27’E, 22.IV.1995, leg. Deckert (3, ZMHB); George, 33°58’S 22°27’E, I.1990, collected from leaves of Buddleja salviifolia, leg. Urban (10, RCCM; 100, SANC); Karatara, 33°54’S 22°50’E, 28.XII.1996, leg. Stals & Stahmer (1, SANC); Little Karroo, Oudtshoorn 10 km N, 33°29’S 22°15’E, 22.X.1993, leg. Endrödi-Younga (1, TMSA); Plettenbergbaai, 6.I.1971, leg. Strydom (2, SANC); Swellendam, 34°00’S 20°82’E, 20.IV.2019, leg. Haran (1, CBGP); Wilderness N. P. Half Collard Kingfisher trail km 0–1, 33°98’S 22°60’E, 28.XI.2013, leg. Wanat (7, MNHW).
Published as part of Caldara, Roberto & Košťál, Michael, 2023, A Taxonomic Revision Of The Afrotropical Species Of The Weevil Genus Cionus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), pp. 1-98 in Zootaxa 5288 (1) on pages 35-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5288.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958875
{"references":["Rosenschoeld, E. M. (1838) [new taxa]. In: Schoenherr, C. J. (Ed.), Genera et species Curculionidum, cum synonymia hujus familiae. Species novae aut hactenus minus cognitae, descriptionibus a Dom. Leonardo Gyllenhal, C. H. Boheman, et entomologis aliis illustratae. Tomus quartus. Pars secunda. Roret, Parisiis, pp. 601 - 1121. [1122 - 1124 (Corrigenda)]","Marshall, G. A. K. (1941) New Curculionidae (Coleoptera) from Southern Africa. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 4, 15 - 32."]}

Hemiptera, Limnocoris, Insecta, Naucoridae, Arthropoda, Limnocoris burmeisteri, Animalia, Biodiversity, and Taxonomy

Limnocoris burmeisteri De Carlo, 1967 (Figs. 3, 6C–D, 13B) Limnocoris burmeisteri De Carlo, 1967: 197–198 (original description). Limnocoris bachmanni De Carlo, 1967: 198–199 (original description) (synon. by Nieser & López-Ruf 2001: 320). Limnocoris lautereri Nieser, Chen & Melo, 2013: 336–341 (original description) (new synonym). Limnocoris burmeisteri: La Rivers 1971: 75 (catalog); Nieser & López-Ruf 2001: 318 (catalog); Cunha et al. 2015: 427 (new record); Moreira et al. 2016: 20 (new records). Limnocoris bachmanni: Nieser 1975: 64–66 (redescription). Diagnosis. Body length 5.65–7.40, body width 4.00–5.30. The shagreened area of the propleuron extends posteriorly halfway along the length of the lateral margin (Fig. 3D). The mesosternal carina has a short anterior projection and the rounded to elliptical fossa contains short golden hairs along the inner margin of the rim; the median ridge is straight (Fig. 3D) and the posterior margin after the fossa is excavated in lateral view (Fig. 3G). The lateral margin of the embolium is shallowly convex, widening to a broadly rounded inflection at the posterior third, and the margin is almost straight to shallowly concave posteriorly. The lateral margins of the abdominal terga are serrated and tergum V has 19–23 teeth (Fig. 3E). Male abdominal tergum VII has the posterior margin shallowly concave medially, with a pair of small lobes laterally (Fig. 6C). The female subgenital plate is rounded to narrowly rounded posteriorly (Fig. 3F). Supplemental description. Antenna not exceeding lateral margin of eye; flagellomeres slender, not partially fused, with long setae. Maxillary plate broad basally, anterior edge triangular. Labrum with distal margin tapered to apex. Posteroventral margin of head with postgenal tubercle. Propleuron with shagreened area extending posteriorly halfway along length of lateral margin (Fig. 3D); posterior margin convex at mid-length; posteromesal corner near prosternellum deflexed ventrally as a papilla. Region between mesobasisternum and mesoepisternum with longitudinal row of elongate golden setae. Mesosternal carina with short anterior projection and rounded to elliptical fossa containing short golden hairs inside rim; median ridge straight, and posterior margin after fossa excavated in lateral view. Metasternal carina oval to teardrop-shaped, slightly tapered posteriorly (Fig. 3D); posterior margin excavated in lateral view (Fig. 3G). Sternum II with sinuous row of elongate golden setae; sterna with elongate golden setae generally dispersed, concentrated near midline (Fig. 3F). Male: mediotergite VI with accessory genitalic process narrowly rounded; posterior margin with small, sometimes indistinct, notch on left side; posterior margin of mediotergite VII shallowly convex medially, with pair of small lobes laterally (Fig. 6C); lateral lobe of tergum VIII with lateral margin straight in anterior half; left medial lobe with posteromesal corner rounded, poorly angled laterally at apex; right medial lobe slightly twisted in apical third (Fig. 6D). Female: lateral margins of female subgenital plate with a tuft of elongate golden setae, posterior margin rounded to narrowly rounded (Fig. 3F). Comparative notes. This species has the shape of the mesosternal carina and the serrated lateral margin of the abdomen similar to those of L. fittkaui, L. inflatus n. sp., L. menkei, L. minutus, L. moreirai n. sp., and L. surinamensis n. stat. The number of teeth in the serrated lateral margin varies among species. In L. burmeisteri, L. inflatus, and L. moreirai, abdominal tergum V of males and females has 19 or more teeth, whereas in the other species the number of teeth reaches at most 19. Limnocoris burmeisteri and L. inflatus are differentiated from L. moreirai by the presence of the longitudinal row of elongate golden setae on the mesosternum (Figs. 3D, 7D) and by the hemelytra without reduction after the embolium (Figs. 3A, 3C, 7A); whereas in L. moreirai, the longitudinal row of golden setae on the mesosternum is absent (Fig. 9C) and the hemelytra is distinctly reduced after the embolium (Fig. 9A). Limnocoris burmeisteri differs from L. inflatus by the curvature of the embolium and by the shape of the median carina of abdominal sternum II. In L. burmeisteri, the lateral margin of the embolium is shallowly convex, widening to a broadly rounded inflection in the posterior third (Fig. 3A, 3C); whereas in L. inflatus, the lateral margin of the embolium is mostly straight in the anterior 2/3 and dramatically widened in the posterior third (Fig. 7A). Discussion. Limnocoris lautereri Nieser, Chen & Melo was described from Presidente Figueiredo, northern Brazil, and the authors compared it with L. illiesi and L. pusillus based mainly on the total length of the body (Nieser et al. 2013). After examining the holotypes and paratypes of L. burmeisteri, L. bachmanni De Carlo and L. lautereri, only small differences were evident in body color and embolium curvature, while all other important features were similar among the three species. Thus, L. lautereri is proposed here as a junior synonym of L. burmeisteri. We also maintain L. bachmanni as a junior synonym for L. burmeisteri, an act proposed by Nieser & López-Ruf (2001). Distribution. This species is distributed from the Guiana Shield to central-western Brazil, in the states of Mato Grosso and Tocantins (Fig. 13B). Published records. Brazil: Amazonas and Pará (De Carlo 1967; Pereira & Melo 2007; Nieser et al. 2013; Cunha et al. 2015). Suriname: Brokopondo, Marowijne, Saramacca, and Suriname (Nieser 1975). Venezuela: Bolívar (Moreira et al. 2016). Type material examined. All specimens brachypterous. HOLOTYPE of L. burmeisteri, ♁ (ZSMC), BRAZIL, Amazonas, Amazonasgebiet, Ob. Rio Negro, Jandia-Ig., 19.9.52, leg. H. Sioli, S266-b, Holotypus, Limnocoris burmeisteri De Carlo. PARATYPES of L. burmeisteri: same data as holotype (2♁ INPA, Hemip009–010; 2♁, 1♀ ‘allotype’ ZSMC). HOLOTYPE of L. bachmanni, ♁ (ZSMC), BRAZIL, Pará,Amazonasgebiet, Belém, Ig. Benfica, 13.12.60, leg. W. Sattler, Sa875, Holotypus, Limnocoris bachmanni De Carlo. PARATYPES of L. bachmanni: same data as holotype (1♀ ‘allotype’ ZSMC; 1♁, 1♀ INPA, Hemip002–003). HOLOTYPE of L. lautereri, ♁ (DPIC), BRAZIL, Amazonas, Pitinga, 00°47’28.7”S, 60°04’12.2”W, Estande de Tiros, 02.IV.2000, D.L.V. Pereira col. PARATYPE of L. lautereri: same data as holotype (1♀ DPIC). Additional material examined. BRAZIL, Roraima: Parque Indígena Auaris, igarapé do posto, 2475, 05.III.1994, V. Py-Daniel, U. Barbosa & Orlando col. (3♁, 2♀ brachypterous MZUSP); Serra de Surucucu, igarapé sem nome, G-3, 1989, 27.XI.1991, V. Py-Daniel & U. Barbosa col. (1♁ brachypterous MZUSP). Amazonas: Rio Negro, Ig. Jandiá, 19.IX.1952, S266-6, leg. H. Sioli (1♁, 1♀ brachypterous USNM); São Gabriel da Cachoeira, BR-307, igarapé no Km 9, 26.VIII.2011, R. Ferreira-Keppler, P.V. Cruz, A. Fernandes & E.A Reis col. (4♁, 1♀ brachypterous MZUSP); Médio Puruz, 01.VII.1979, J. Campbell (1♁ brachypterous INPA). Pará: Belém, 21–23.IX.1937 (1♁, 2♀ brachypterous USNM); Monte Dourado, Balneário ATAJ, 09.IV.2002, B.M. Mascarenhas col. (1♁, 2♀ brachypterous MPEG); Ourém, Fazenda Gavião Real, 02.V.1992, B.M. Mascarenhas (3♁ brachypterous MPEG); Tucuruí, Rio Tocantins, bagagem 21.VI.1984, B. Mascarenhas (1♀ brachypterous MPEG); Tucuruí, margem esq. Ig. Saúde, 22.VI.1984, B. Mascarenhas (1♁ brachypterous MPEG); Serra Norte, N 1 Cachoeira, 11.IX.1983, R.B. Neto col., 14000410 (1♀ MPEG); Carajás, Buritizal II, riacho principal, cascalho e areia, 08.IX.2006, N. Ferreira-Jr & L.L. Dumas leg. (2♁ macropterous DZRJ); Canaã dos Carajás, 10.I.2010, J.A.M. Fernandes col. (14♁, 7♀ brachypterous MZUSP); Cametá, Rodovia Transcameta, igarapé sem nome, 1719, 08.VI.1988, U.C. Barbosa col. (2♁, 2♀ brachypterous MZUSP); same data, except 1720 (1♀ brachypterous MZUSP); Rio Trombetas, estirão da fumaça, igarapé da praia, 1486, 14.X.1991, V. Py-Daniel & U. Barbosa col. (1♀ brachypterous MZUSP); Terra do Meio, 2012270401, 19010150, C.R.M. Santos col. (1♁ brachypterous MPEG); São Geraldo do Araguaia, Serra das Andorinhas, 28.X.2011, 19010145, J.M.F. Ribeiro & C.R.M. Santos (1♀ macropterous MPEG); same data, except 19010143 (1♁ MPEG). Rondônia: Porto Velbo [=Porto Velho], Bolivia [=Brasil], 31.VIII.1937, H.E. Hinton collector (6♁, 3♀ brachypterous USNM); Porto Velho, Ig. R. Grande, m. esq. R. Mad. [=Igarapé Rio Grande, marquem esquerda do Rio Madeira], 23.V.1984, R.B. Neto (5♀ brachypterous MPEG); Ouro Preto do Oeste, Res. INPA, 03.IX.1986, B. Mascarenhas (1♁ brachypterous MPEG); BR-421, igarapé Boa Vista, 1338, 31.VII.1985, V. Py-Daniel & L. Aquino col. (1♁, 1♀ macropterous MZUSP); Bacia do Rio Jaci-Paraná, igarapé 13:10, 209, 17.VIII.1985, V. Py-Daniel & U. Barbosa col. (1♁, 3♀ macropterous MZUSP); Bacia do Rio Jaci-Paraná, igarapé 13:10, 203, 17.VIII.1985, V. Py-Daniel & L. Aquino col. (1♀ brachypterous MZUSP); Bacia do Rio Jaciparaná, igarapé 11:50, 1516, 16.VIII.1985, V. Py-Daniel & L. Aquino col. (1♁, 1♀ brachypterous MZUSP); Bacia do Rio Candeias, igarapé 12:42, 1790, 11.VIII.1985, V. Py-Daniel & U. Barbosa (2♁, 1♀ brachypterous MZUSP); Bacia do Rio Candeias, igarapé 9:33, 1508, 11.VIII.1985, V. Py-Daniel & L. Aquino col. (1♁ brachypterous MZUSP); Bacia do Rio Mutum-Paraná, Igarapé 15:15, 216, 12.VIII.1985, V. Py-Daniel & U. Barbosa col. (2♁, 5♀ brachypterous MZUSP). Tocantins: creek, 1 km S. Escola Brasil, 15 km W Porto Nacional, 05.II.2003, D.J. Cavan (1♀ macropterous USNM). Mato Grosso: Guarant „ do Norte, drenagem Teles Pires, riacho sob ponte de madeira em estrada de terra, 54˚45’37”W, 09˚37’52”S, 407 m, 06.VIII.2015, P. Camelier col. (5♀ brachypterous, 1♀ macropterous MZUSP); Cuiabá, P.N. Chapada dos Guimarães, Córrego Independência, Cach. do Pulo, 15˚24’59.80”S, 55˚50’29.10”W, 529 m, 19.VII.2013, A.L.H. Oliveira, B.H.L. Sampaio, B. Clarkson & N. Ferreira-Jr. (2♀ macropterous DZRJ); Chapada dos Guimarães, 10.XI.2013, Cachoeirinha, C. Floriano col. (5♁, 6♀ macropterous UNESP); same data, except Casa de Pedra (7♁, 4♀ macropterous UNESP); same data, except Cachoeira do Marimbondo, 11.XI.2013 (1♀ macropterous UNESP); same data, except Córrego Zelito (1♁, 1♀ macropterous UNESP). FRENCH GUIANA: ca. 8 km NNW of Saül, Crique a l’Est, 03˚39’46.04”N, 53˚13’24.78”W, gravel riffles & veg. margins, L-1956, R.W. Sites col. (2♁, 2♀ brachypterous MZUSP). SURINAME, Saramacca: Frecelicreeksystem, 18.XII.1969, SN 280, N. Nieser col. (1♁ brachypterous MACN). Paramáribo: Paramaribo, 20.I.1909, C. Heller. (1♀ brachypterous CAS). Unknown district: Dutch Guiana, Wilh., Mts. Line, 1 Km 62e Kamp, Sandcreek, 19.VIII.1943, D.C. Geiskcs (1♁, 2♀ brachypterous UMC); Dutch Guiana, line II, Km 5.7, busacreek, 16.IX.1943, D.C. Geiskcs (1♁ UMC); N. Nieser col. (1♀ brachypterous MACN); Sargmacco R., 20.Nov.1969, N. Nieser (1♁, 1♀ brachypterous USNM). VENEZUELA, Amazonas: stream at Puente Pulda, 16 km N of Tobogan jct., 26. January. 1989, CL-2387, J.T. Polhemus (1♁, 5♀ brachypterous USNM); Dpto Atures, Puente Guayabal, 44 km S. Puerto Ayacucho, 21.I.1989, C.B. Barr (1♀ brachypterous EMEC); W Communidad La Danta, 15.I.2009, Short & Camacho leg., VZ09- 0115-04A, kick netting, SM0844455, KUNHM-ENT (1♁ macropterous UMC). Bolívar: El Pauji, 1.100 m, 100 km O. S. Helena, 05.IV.1980, Bordon leg. (2♁ brachypterous USNM); Chivaton, near Kavanayen, 4500’, 29. June. 1987, R.S. Miller colr. (1♁ brachypterous UMC); La Gran Sabana, Rd to Kavanayen, 29.Jun.1987, Chivaton Hotel, 1370 m, M.A. Ivie, at light (1♀ brachypterous UMC); Mpio Gran Sabana, San Francisco de Yuruaní, 28–29.VIII.2003, 05°03’21”N / 61°05’54”W, colectores J. Camacho, J. Perozo, A. Orellana, P. Loreto (1♁, 1♀ brachypterous UMC); Gran Sabana, btw Santa Elena & Pauji, stream margin, 04°36’51.1812”, -6123’30.1776”, 895 m, 03.VIII.2008, A.E. Short, AS-08- 070 (3♁, 1♀ brachypterous UMC); Gran Sabana, unnamed river, hwy 10, 05°40’24.801”, -61°24’11.2932”, 1330 m, 02. August. 2008, A.E. Short coll., rocky stream, AS-08-066 (1♀ brachypterous UMC); Rio Toron, side road, 12 km of rd to Kavanayen, AS-08-064, 05°43’30.9”N, 61°36’35.8”W, 1385 m, A. Short, M. García, L. Joly leg., SM0828914, KUNHM-ENT, collection date 01.VIII.2008 (1♀ brachypterous UMC).
Published as part of Rodrigues, Higor D. D. & Sites, Robert W., 2023, Revision of Limnocoris Stål (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of the Guiana Shield and Amazon regions, pp. 44-76 in Zootaxa 5284 (1) on pages 51-53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5284.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7918947
{"references":["De Carlo, J. A. (1967) Una nueva especie del genero Ranatra y nuevas especies de Naucoridae. Amazoniana, 1, 189 - 200.","Nieser, N. & Lopez-Ruf, M. (2001) A review of Limnocoris Stal (Heteroptera: Naucoridae) in southern South America east of the Andes. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 144, 261 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 900000091","Nieser, N., Chen, P. P. & Melo, A. L. (2013) A new species and new synonymy in Limnocoris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Naucoridae) from Brazil. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae, 98 (2), 335 - 346.","La Rivers, I. (1971) Studies of Naucoridae (Hemiptera). Biological Society of Nevada Memoirs, 2, 1 - 120.","Cunha, E. J., Montag, L. F. A. & Juen, L. (2015) Oil palm crops effects on environmental integrity of Amazonian streams and Heteropteran (Hemiptera) species diversity. Ecological Indicators, 52, 422 - 429. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ecolind. 2014.12.024","Moreira, F. F. F., Rodrigues, H. D. D., Barbosa, J. F., Klementova, B. R. & Svitok, M. (2016) New records of Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from South America. Biodiversity Data Journal, 4, e 7975. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 4. e 7975","Nieser, N. (1975) The water bugs (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) of the Guyana Region. Studies on the Fauna of Suriname and the other Guyanas, 16, 1 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 017 - 7118 - 4 _ 1","Pereira, D. L. V. & Melo, A. L. (2007) Aquatic and semiaquatic Heteroptera (Insecta) from Pitinga, Amazonas, Brazil. Acta Amazonica, 37 (4), 643 - 648. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0044 - 59672007000400021"]}

Hemiptera, Limnocoris, Insecta, Naucoridae, Arthropoda, Animalia, Biodiversity, Limnocoris flavescens, and Taxonomy

Limnocoris flavescens Rodrigues & Sites NEW SPECIES (Figs. 5, 6G–H, 13B) Description. Male – hindwing macropterous. HOLOTYPE, length 7.20; maximum width 5.04. Paratypes (n = 8), length 6.88–7.20 (mean = 7.04); maximum width 4.64–5.04 (mean = 4.81). General shape oval; widest across embolia. Overall dorsal coloration yellowish-brown, dark mottled on head, pronotum, and hemelytra. Dorsal surface punctate throughout (Fig. 5A). Ventral coloration yellow, with transverse blackish band along posterior region of propleuron to middle of metapleuron (Fig. 5B). Head. Head length 1.32, maximum width 2.44. Mostly yellow with dark-brown median markings becoming wider posteriorly, weakly punctate. Synthlipsis 1.08; eyes not raised above level of vertex or pronotum. Anterior margin between eyes convex. Maxillary plate broad basally, anterior edge triangular. Labrum width 1.33× length, pentagonal, distal margin tapered. Labium with three visible segments, first two yellow, last dark-brown, extending 0.38 beyond labrum not including extruded stylets. Antenna length 0.58; 4-segmented, not exceeding lateral margin of eye; scape bulbous and rounded, pedicel subquadrate, flagellomeres slender, not partially fused, with long setae; segments 1–3 yellow, 4 brown; segment lengths 0.12, 0.16, 0.16, 0.12. Posteroventral margin of head without postgenal tubercle (swollen only in some specimens). Thorax. Pronotum ground color yellow, rectangular area behind eyes concentrating dark-brown markings, lateral margins yellowish; other dark-brown markings generally dispersed laterally; transverse sulcus markings anterior border of transverse band in posterior 1/3; anterior margin slightly concave between eyes; lateral margins convergent anteriorly, evenly convex; posterior margin sinuous, concave medially; posterolateral corner rounded; greatest width 2.84× length at midline; length at midline 1.52; maximum width at posterolateral corners 4.32. Prothorax ventrally dark-brown medially and on posterior band of propleuron, yellow laterally. Propleuron with shagreened area not extended posteriorly along lateral margin; posterior margin convex at mid-length (Fig. 5C); posteromesal corner near prosternellum flat. Median carina of probasisternum in lateral view slightly extending anteriorly, with shallowly bifid tip. Scutellum punctate; triangular; black, yellow at mid-length of lateral margin and posterior corner; width 2.56, length 1.40. Hemelytra punctate; corium, clavus and embolium yellow, with black markings throughout, mostly on posterior half of corium; membrane black, mottled, left membrane dull, right membrane shiny; length 5.36 (chord measurement). Embolium greatest width 0.72, lateral margin convex; yellow, with posterolateral dark-brown band. Claval and intraclaval sutures distinct. Hindwings well-developed. Region between mesobasisternum and mesoepisternum with longitudinal row of elongate golden setae. Mesosternal carina with ventral surface covered by golden setae; anterior projection poorly developed; median ridge straight; fossa oval, shallow (Figs. 5C, E). Metasternal carina poorly developed, with indistinct fossa (Fig. 5C); posterior margin not excavated in lateral view (Fig. 5E). Metaepimeron covered with elongate golden setae. Legs. All legs segments yellow, except dark-brown protarsus, and distal part of tarsomere III of middle and hind legs. Procoxa with cluster of stout, brown anteromedial spines. Profemur anterior margin with dense pad of setae without associated spines, posterior margin with row of short, brown spines along basal half. Protibia and tarsus with occlusal inner surface flattened; tarsus one-segmented, immovable; pretarsal claw single, minute, triangular. Meso- and metacoxae partially recessed into thorax. Meso- and metafemora with row of short, brown spines on anterior margin. Meso- and metatibiae with ventrolateral, ventromedial, dorsolateral, and dorsomedial rows of stout brownish spines; meso- and metatibiae with two transverse rows of spines distally, one each on lateral and mesal margins. Meso- and metatibiae and metatarsus with long, pale swimming hairs, hairs profuse on metatibia and - tarsus. Meso- and metapretarsi with paired claws slender, gently curved, with minute basal tooth. Leg measurements as follows: fore leg, femur 1.70, tibia 1.10, tarsus 0.38; middle leg, femur 1.82, tibia 1.24, tarsomeres 1–3, 0.12, 0.32, 0.40; hind leg, femur 2.44, tibia 2.48, tarsomeres 1–3, 0.12, 0.60, 0.62. Abdomen. Dorsally with narrow lateral margins of terga III–V exposed; terga III–V dark-brown anteriorly, yellow posteriorly; marginal row of elongate yellow setae, and group of trichobothria near posterior third. Lateral margin with minute serration. Posterolateral corners of II–V narrowly rounded to right angled, not spinose. Sterna yellow to light-brown, dark-brown lateral to midline of sterna III–V, covered by golden pubescence, with dispersed elongate golden setae; sternum II with sinuous row of elongate golden setae. Mediotergite VI with accessory genitalic process rounded; posterior margin slightly produced on left side. Posterior margin of mediotergite VII convex, sometimes almost straight, with pair of lateral lobes; laterotergite VII with mesal margin straight (Fig. 6G). Lateral lobe of tergum VIII with lateral margin straight in anterior half; left medial lobe poorly angled laterally at apex, with posteromesal corner rounded; right medial lobe not twisted distally (Fig. 6H). Female – Hindwing macropterous. Paratypes (n = 10), length 7.20–7.84 (mean = 7.44); maximum width 4.72–5.12 (mean = 4.95). Similar to male in general structure and coloration, except as follows: Abdominal tergum VI symmetrical. Sterna yellow, without dark-brown near midline of sterna III–V. Subgenital plate width 0.94× length; length at midline 0.96; maximum width 0.90; lateral margins with tuft of elongate golden setae at mid-length; posterior margin rounded (Fig. 5D). Diagnosis. This species can be identified by the yellow color pattern of the ventral surface of the body, with a transverse blackish band along the posterior margin of the propleuron to the middle of the metapleuron (Fig. 5B). The mesosternal carina is also diagnostic, being narrow, slender, with an undeveloped fossa, and covered with golden setae on the ventral surface (Figs. 5C, E). Comparative notes. This species shares the general shape and the total length of the body, the ventral color pattern of the body, and the undeveloped fossa of the metasternal carina with L. machrisi Nieser & López-Ruf, a species that is known from only the type locality, the Chapada dos Veadeiros, in the central region of Brazil (Nieser & López-Ruf 2001). They are easily separated by the shagreened pattern of the propleuron and shape of the mesosternal carina. In L. flavescens, the propleuron shagreened area is not extended posteriorly along the lateral margin (as in Fig. 2B), and the mesosternal carina has the fossa slender and narrow (Fig. 5C); whereas in L. machrisi the propleuron shagreened area is extended posteriorly halfway along the entire length of the lateral margin (as in Fig. 3D) and the mesosternal carina has the fossa developed and oval. Distribution. This species is known from several localities in Venezuela at the northwestern edge of the Guiana Shield (Fig. 13B). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from Latin for yellowish, in allusion to the color pattern of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body. Type material examined. All specimens macropterous. HOLOTYPE, ♁: VENEZUELA, Amazonas State, S. Puerto Ayacucho, El Tobogan de la Selva, 5º23.207’N, 67º36.922’W, 125 m, 14 January 2009, colls. Short, Miller & Joly, VZ 09-0114-01A (MIZA). PARATYPES: same data as holotype (1♁, 1♀ MZUSP; 2♀ UMC); Amazonas State, Puerto Ayacucho, ca. 15 km S, nr Campamento Canturama, 05º30’37.3788”N, 67º36’6.5304”W, 110 m, 8 August 2008, AS-08-081b, coll. A. Short, large rock outcrop (1♁, 1♀ SEMC; 4♁, 5♀ UMC); T.F. Amazonas, Dpto. Atures, 40 km SE of Puerto Ayacucho, El Tobogon de la Selva, 18.I.1989, coll. C.B. Barr (3♁, 3♀ EMEC); Amazonas State, 5º48.414’N, 67º26.313’W, 80 m, nr. Iboruwa, 7.viii.2008, leg. A. Short, M. Garcia, L. Joly, AS-08-078, Tobogancito (1♁ UMC); Amazonas, Municipio Atures, El Tobogán de la Selva, 143 m, 07/I/2006, 5º23’12”N, 67º36’56”W, col: J. Camacho, M. Garcia, L. Garcia, A. Short y P. Torres (1♁, 2♀ UMC); Amazonas State, 5º23.207’N, 67º36.922’W, 125 m, Tobogan de la Selva, pools in rock w/ sand, 5.i.2006, AS-06-011c, leg. A.E.Z. Short, SM0831395, KUNHM-ENT (1♁ MZUSP); Bolivar St., ca. 25 km E of El Burro, 06º13.059’N, 67º14.467’W, 62 m, 13 January 2009, coll. K. Miller, hot side pools, VZ09-0113-01A (1♀ MZUSP; 1♁, 1♀ UMC).
Published as part of Rodrigues, Higor D. D. & Sites, Robert W., 2023, Revision of Limnocoris Stål (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of the Guiana Shield and Amazon regions, pp. 44-76 in Zootaxa 5284 (1) on pages 57-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5284.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7918947
{"references":["Nieser, N. & Lopez-Ruf, M. (2001) A review of Limnocoris Stal (Heteroptera: Naucoridae) in southern South America east of the Andes. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 144, 261 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 900000091"]}

Hemiptera, Limnocoris, Insecta, Naucoridae, Arthropoda, Animalia, Biodiversity, Limnocoris menkei, and Taxonomy

Limnocoris menkei La Rivers, 1962 (Figs. 8, 13B) Limnocoris menkei La Rivers, 1962: 195–196 (original description). Limnocoris birabeni De Carlo, 1967: 193–194 (original description) (new synonym). Limnocoris bruchi De Carlo, 1967: 194–195 (original description) (new synonym). Limnocoris menkei: La Rivers 1971: 76 (catalog); Nieser & López-Ruf 2001: 319 (catalog). Limnocoris birabeni: Nieser 1975: 66–67 (redescription); Moreira et al. 2011: 45 (catalog). Limnocoris bruchi: La Rivers 1971: 75 (catalog); Nieser & López-Ruf 2001: 318 (catalog); Moreira et al. 2011: 45 (catalog); Rodrigues & Sites 2021: 19–20, 23 (supplemental description). Diagnosis. Based on L. bruchi in Rodrigues & Sites (2021): Body length 6.88–7.44, body width 4.72–4.80. This species is recognized by the mottled color pattern of the dorsum (Figs. 8A, C), the markedly serrate lateral margins of the abdomen (tergum V has 11–15 teeth), the group of rounded, dark-brown spots near the lateral margins of abdominal sterna III–V (Fig. 8F), and the posterior margin of male abdominal tergum VII with a pair of small lateral lobes and is convex or truncate medially. The mesosternal carina has a short anterior projection and the elliptical fossa contains short golden hairs inside the rim (Figs. 8D, G). The broad shagreened area of the propleuron extends approximately 2/3 the length of the lateral margin (Fig. 8D). The posterolateral spines of abdominal segments III–V are more darkly colored than the preceding smaller teeth of lateral serration (Fig. 8E). The female subgenital plate posterior margin is broadly rounded (Fig. 8F). Supplemental description. See section of L. bruchi in Rodrigues & Sites 2021. Comparative notes. This species is morphologically similar to L. fittkaui and L. minutus. These three species share the mottled color pattern of the dorsum, the shagreened area of the propleuron extending approximately 2/3 of the length of the lateral margin, the shape of the mesosternal carina, the lateral margin of the abdomen distinctly serrated, and abdominal sterna III–V with a group of rounded, dark-brown spots near the lateral margins (Table 2). In L. menkei, the number of teeth on tergum V is 11–14 (Figs. 8E, F), the posterolateral corners of terga III–V are blackish to dark-brown, the posterior margin of male tergum VII is convex or truncate medially, and the female subgenital plate is broadly rounded (Fig. 8F); whereas in L. fittkaui, the number of teeth on tergum V is 17–19 (Fig. 4E), the posterolateral corners of terga III–V are yellowish-brown, the posterior margin of male tergum VII is distinctly projected medially (Fig. 6E), and the female subgenital plate is narrowed medially at the posterior margin (Fig. 4G). Limnocoris menkei and L. minutus are differentiated as follows: in L. menkei, the posterolateral spine of segment IV is black and the anterior half of the female subgenital plate lateral margins are straight (Fig. 8F); whereas in L. minutus, the posterolateral spine of segment IV is yellowish-brown and the anterior half of the female subgenital plate lateral margins are shallowly concave (Fig. 1L). Discussion. This species is morphologically very similar to L. birabeni and L. bruchi. After examining the holotype and paratypes of these three species, it was evident that they share the following characteristics: the mottled color pattern of the dorsum, the shagreened area of the propleuron extending 2/3 of the length of the lateral margin, the shape of the mesosternal carina, the lateral margin of the abdomen distinctly serrated, the posterolateral corners of abdominal terga III–V dark-brown to black, abdominal sterna III–V with a group of rounded dark-brown spots near the lateral margin, the posterior margin of male mediotergite VII with a pair of small lateral lobes, the left medial lobe of male tergum VIII produced further posteriorly than the right lobe, and the female subgenital plate with the posterior margin rounded. Rodrigues & Sites (2021) differentiated L. menkei from L. bruchi by the shape of the female subgenital plate, which would be slightly projected medially in L. menkei, and rounded in L. bruchi. However, at the time, these authors did not examine any females from the type series of L. menkei. In the present study, we examined the female allotype of L. menkei deposited at the LACM. The posterior margin of the female subgenital plate is rounded, not projected medially, similar to the female paratypes of L. bruchi and L. birabeni. Furthermore, L. menkei and L. birabeni were described based on specimens with brachypterous hind wings, whereas L. bruchi was described based on specimens with macropterous hind wings. We noticed variation in the curvature of the embolium lateral margin, which is slightly more dilated in L. menkei and L. birabeni when compared to L. bruchi. We believe this variation is related to wing polymorphism. Thus, L. birabeni and L. bruchi are here proposed as junior synonyms of L. menkei. Distribution. This species is distributed from northern Venezuela (Monagas), Peru, Bolivia, to northeastern Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte) (Fig. 13B). Published records. Brazil: Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, and Roraima (De Carlo 1967; Rodrigues & Sites 2021). Peru: Cusco and Loreto (Rodrigues & Sites 2021). Venezuela: Amazonas and Monagas (La Rivers 1962; Rodrigues & Sites 2021). Type material examined. HOLOTYPE of L. menkei, ♁ brachypterous (LACM), VENEZUELA, Monagas, July 3, 1958, 42 kms SE Maturin, Arnold Menke, Limnocoris menkei n. sp., Limnocoris menkei LaR Holotype, LACM ENT 160180. PARATYPES of L. menkei: same data as holotype, except: Limnocoris menkei LaR Allotype, LACM ENT 160181 (1♀ brachypterous ‘allotype’ LACM); same data as holotype, except: Limnocoris menkei Paratype, Ira La Rivers Collection, Bequeathed to the California Academy of Sciences, 1978 (2♁ brachypterous CAS). HOLOTYPE of L. birabeni, ♁ brachypterous (ZSMC), BRAZIL, Pará, Amazonasgebiet, Rio Arapiuns, Ig. Curi, 20.11.52, leg. H. Sioli, S279-b, Holotypus, Limnocoris birabeni De Carlo. PARATYPES of L. birabeni: same data as holotype, except S280 (1♁ brachypterous INPA, HEMIP 004; 1♀ brachypterous ‘allotype’ ZSMC); Brasil, Igarapé Curi, Rio Arapiuns, Sioli leg., 1952 (2♁, 3♀ brachypterous MACN, 54.003). HOLOTYPE of L. bruchi ♁: [Brazil, Pará], Amazonasgebiet, Rio S„o Manoel, 6.5.[19]41, leg. H. Sioli, S36, Holotypus, Limnocoris bruchi De Carlo (ZSMC). PARATYPES of L. bruchi: same data as holotype (1♀ ‘allotype’, 5 specimens ZSMC; 3♁, 1♀ INPA Hemip005–008; 1♁, 3♀ MACN 54004). Additional material examined. BRAZIL, Amazonas: Estr. Aleixo, Km 4, INPA, Mn., Am., Br., 16.6.1976, lalluq. col. (1♁ macropterous INPA); Est. BR-174, Am., Br., 03.IV.1976, lalluque col. (1♁ macropterous INPA). Maranhão: Timon, Estrada do Portal da Amazônia, primeiro riacho da estrada, 09.VI.2011, N. Hamada, P.V. Cruz & R.B. Querino (1♁ brachypterous MZUSP); Timon, estrada do Portal da Amazônia, 05º03’03.3”S, 43º01’52.2”W, 09.VI.2011, N. Hamada, P.V. Cruz & R.B. Querino col. (1♁ brachypterous MZUSP). Mato Grosso: Querência, Fazenda Tanguro, 12º54’S, 52º22’W, 2007, E. Wanzeler col. (10♁, 2♀ macropterous MZUSP). Rio Grande do Norte: Pedro Velho, Rio Piquiri, 05.VIII.1991, Andrade col. (1♁ brachypterous MZUSP). Roraima: BR-401, Km 12, Igarapé Azul, 1351, 29.X.1987, V. Py-Daniel & U. Barbosa col. (1♁ macropterous MZUSP); Rio Uraricoera, Igarapé Xiquibá, 24.X.1987, V. Py-Daniel & U. Barbosa col. (2♁ brachypterous MZUSP).
Published as part of Rodrigues, Higor D. D. & Sites, Robert W., 2023, Revision of Limnocoris Stål (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of the Guiana Shield and Amazon regions, pp. 44-76 in Zootaxa 5284 (1) on pages 63-65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5284.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7918947
{"references":["La Rivers, I. (1962) A new Limnocoris from Venezuela (Hemiptera: Naucoridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 64 (3), 195 - 196.","De Carlo, J. A. (1967) Una nueva especie del genero Ranatra y nuevas especies de Naucoridae. Amazoniana, 1, 189 - 200.","La Rivers, I. (1971) Studies of Naucoridae (Hemiptera). Biological Society of Nevada Memoirs, 2, 1 - 120.","Nieser, N. & Lopez-Ruf, M. (2001) A review of Limnocoris Stal (Heteroptera: Naucoridae) in southern South America east of the Andes. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 144, 261 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 900000091","Nieser, N. (1975) The water bugs (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) of the Guyana Region. Studies on the Fauna of Suriname and the other Guyanas, 16, 1 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 017 - 7118 - 4 _ 1","Moreira, F. F. F., Barbosa, J. F., Ribeiro, J. R. I. & Alecrim, V. P. (2011) Checklist and distribution of semiaquatic and aquatic Heteroptera (Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha) occurring in Brazil. Zootaxa, 2958 (1), 1 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2958.1.1","Rodrigues, H. D. D. & Sites, R. W. (2021) Revision of Limnocoris Stal (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of the tropical Andes. Zootaxa, 4986 (1), 1 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4986.1.1"]}

Hemiptera, Heteroscelis, Insecta, Arthropoda, Pentatomidae, Animalia, Biodiversity, and Taxonomy

Heteroscelis Latreille, 1829 Heteroscelis Latreille, 1829: 194 (not Latreille, 1828: 574, nor Latreille, 1829: 18); Laporte 1833: 86; Stål 1870: 31; Distant 1880: 33; Distant 1900: 55; Schouteden 1907: 18; Kormilev 1951: 40; Pirán 1954: 19; Pirán 1961: 84; Thomas 1992: 45; Grazia & Schwertner 2011: 713; Grazia et al. 2015: 686; Cazorla 2021: 10; Rider & Swanson 2021: 7; Castro-Huertas et al. 2022: 9. Phyllocheirus Spinola, 1837: 306; Kirkaldy 1909: 30; Pirán 1961: 87 (syn.). Phyllochirus Amyot & Serville, 1843: 80 (emendation); Stål 1862: 93; Stål 1870: 31 (syn.); Kirkaldy 1909: 30. Agerrus Stål, 1859: 434; Stål 1862: 93 (syn.); Schouteden 1907: 19; Kirkaldy 1909: 30. Bodetria Walker, 1867: 119; Walker 1868: 528; Stål 1870: 31 (syn.); Distant 1900: 63; Schouteden 1907: 19; Kirkaldy 1909: 30. Heterosceloides Schouteden, 1907: 19; Kirkaldy 1909: 30 (syn.); McDonald 1966. Type species: Heteroscelis servillii Laporte, 1833, by subsequent monotypy (ICZN 1999: Article 69.3) Diagnosis. Head elongated, with lateral post-ocular projections; proportion of labiomeres: IIIIRedescription BODY: Elongated oval, with variable color patterns. HEAD: Rectangular, longer than wide, longitudinally convex, slightly punctured; mandibular plates longer than clypeus, with the anterior margin rounded; bucculae low, rounded at apex and evanescent posteriorly; eyes separated from the anterolateral angles of pronotum by at least half the eye diameter; post-ocular lateral triangular projection contiguous to the eyes; antennomere I shorter and wider than II, which is thinner than the others; antennomeres III, IV and V similar in length and more setose than the others. THORAX: Pronotum trapezoidal, uniformly and deeply punctured, twice as wide as long; scutellum uniform and shallowly punctured; frenal constriction width more than half the basal width, postfrenal lobe with parallel margins, broadly rounded at apex; coria with posterior margin sinuous; mesopleural evaporatoria occupying the entire posterior margin and the anterolateral mesopleural angle; metapleural evaporatoria surrounding the disc-shaped peritreme, occupying more than half of the metapleural width; ostiole guttiform in ventral view, laterally oriented; peritremal furrow extending more than half the length of the peritreme; dorsal and ventral foretibial expansions present, the dorsal expansion wider than the ventral. ABDOMEN: Uniformly punctured; mid tubercle on urosternite III; posterior angles of urosternites III to VII ending in minute spine; male bearing ventrolateral glandular setose patches, extending from near the anterior margin of urosternite V to the anterior margin of urosternite VII. Male GENITALIA: Pygophore bowl-shaped, with setae on the entire surface, ventral rim slightly sinuous; inferior layer excavated; posterolateral angles rounded; segment X trapezoidal, with rounded apex, ventrally directed, dorsally sclerotized, setose on apex; pseudoclaspers concave, sculptured, each placed between the paramere and the lateral portion of the dorsal rim; parameres sculptured, head triangular, spatulate, occupying in dorsal view most of the space between the segment X and the posterolateral angles. Phallus: phallotheca divided in a basal theca and thecal shield; ejaculatory reservoir contained inside basal theca; basal foramen elliptical, reinforced by basal plates; thecal shield longer and wider than basal theca; vesica oval in dorsal and lateral view; ductus seminis with uniform diameter, running between filaments of vesica, ending on a secondary gonopore, ventrally directed; conjuntiva with: two ventral lobes with sclerotized apex, and one dorsal lobe; all lobes posteriorly directed. Female GENITALIA: Valvifers VIII longer than wide, subtriangular, posterior margins sinuous, sutural margins straight, juxtaposed; laterotergites VIII subtriangular; exposed portion of valvifer IX trapezoidal, wider than long, juxtaposed to the laterotergites IX; exposed portion of laterotergites IX digitiform, attaining the mediotergite VIII; segment X trapezoidal with posterior margin straight; thickening of vaginal intima elongated; pars intermedialis small, narrower than the median duct of vesicular area; capsula seminalis longer and wider than pars intermedialis. Distribution: United States of America (Texas), Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador (new record), Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French Guyana, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina (Fig. 1).
Published as part of Sampaio, Vinicius Gomes, Roell, Talita & Campos, Luiz Alexandre, 2023, Revision of Heteroscelis Latreille, 1829 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae) with the description of a new species from Colombia, pp. 401-438 in Zootaxa 5278 (3) on page 404, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7906373
{"references":["Latreille, P. A. (1829) Les crustaces, les arachnides et les insectes: distribues en familles naturelles. Vol. 2. Chez Deterville, Paris, 556 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11575","Latreille, P. A. (1828) Pimeliaires. Pimeliariae. In: Bory de Saint-Vincent, M. (Ed.), Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle. Vol. 13. Rey et Gravier, Paris, pp. 573 - 583. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 33901","Laporte, F. L. (1833) Essai d'une classification systematique de l'orde des Hemipteres (Hemipteres-Heteropteres Latr.). Magasin de Zoologie, 2 (1), 17 - 88.","Stal, C. (1870) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en f ˆ rteckning ˆ fver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 1. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 9 (1), 1 - 232.","Distant, W. L. (1880) Insecta. Rhynchota, Hemiptera-Heteroptera. In: Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali Americana. Vol. 1. R. H. Porter, London, pp. 1 - 88.","Distant, W. L. (1900) Rhynchotal notes. - V. Heteroptera: Asopinae and Tessaratominae. Journal of Natural History, 6 (31), 55 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930008678340","Schouteden, H. (1907) Heteroptera, Fam. Pentatomidae, Subfam. Asopinae (Amyoteinae). Genera Insectorum 52. P. Wytsman, Bruxelles, 82 pp.","Kormilev, N. A. (1951) Notas sobre hemipteros bolivianos con la descripcion de un genero y tres especies nuevos. Folia Universitaria, 5, 35 - 45.","Piran, A. A. (1954) Dos especies nuevas de Heteroscelis de las faunas de la Argentina y Paraguay (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Asopinae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 17 (1 - 2), 19 - 21.","Piran, A. A. (1961) Sinopsis del genero Heteroscelis Latreille 1829 (Hem. Pentatomidae) con la descripcion de cinco especies nuevas. Revista de Investigaciones Agricolas, 15, 83 - 99.","Thomas, D. B. (1992) Taxonomic synopsis of the asopine Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Vol. 16. Thomas Say Foundation Monographs. Entomological Society of America, New York, New York, 156 pp.","Grazia, J. & Schwertner, C. F. (2011) Checklist of stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) from S \" o Paulo State, Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 11, 705 - 716. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032011000500034","Grazia, J., Panizzi, A. R., Greve, C., Schwertner, C. F., Campos, L. A., Garbelotto, T. A. & Fernandes, J. A. M. (2015) Stink bugs (Pentatomidae). In: Panizzi, A. R. & Grazia, J. (Eds.), True bugs (Heteroptera) of the neotropics. Vol. 2. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 681 - 756. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 017 - 9861 - 7 _ 22","Cazorla, D. (2021) Pentatomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) de Venezuela. Revista Nicarag ¸ ense de Entomologia, 234, 3 - 133.","Rider, D. A. & Swanson, D. R. (2021) A distributional synopsis of the Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) north of Mexico, including new state and provincial records. Zootaxa, 5015 (1), 1 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5015.1.1","Castro-Huertas, V., Grazia, J., Forero, D., Fernandez, F. & Schwertner, C. F. (2022) Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Colombia: An annotated checklist of species. Zootaxa, 5097 (1), 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5097.1.1","Spinola, M. (1837) Essai sur les genres d'insectes appartenants a l'ordre des hemipteres, Lin., ou rhyngotes, Fab., et a la section des heteropteres, Dufour. Chez Yves Gravier, Geneva, 382 pp.","Kirkaldy, G. W. (1909) Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) with biological and anatomical references, lists of foodplants and parasites, etc. Vol. I Cimicidae. F. L. Dames, Berlin, xl + 392 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15205","Amyot, C. J. B. & Serville, A. (1843) Histoire naturelle des insectes: Hemipteres. Vol. 1. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 675 pp.","Stal, C. (1862) Hemiptera Mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 23 (1 - 2), 81 - 118.","Stal, C. (1859) Hemiptera. Species novas descripsit. Konglinga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa Omkring Jorden, 3, 219 - 298.","Walker, F. (1867) Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. E. Newman, London, 240 pp.","Walker, F. (1868) s. n. In: Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part III. E. Newman, London, pp. 418 - 599.","McDonald, F. J. D. (1966) The genitalia of North American Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Quaestiones Entomologicae, 2, 7 - 150.","ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp."]}

Hemiptera, Heteroscelis, Insecta, Arthropoda, Pentatomidae, Animalia, Heteroscelis lepida, Biodiversity, and Taxonomy

Heteroscelis lepida (Stål, 1862) (Figs. 1, 15–19) Phyllochirus lepidus Stål, 1862: 93; Stål 1870: 31 (syn.). Bodetria scutellaris Walker, 1868: 529; Stål 1870: 31 (syn.); Distant 1880: 33, 1900: 63; Thomas 1992: 48. Heteroscelis lepida: Stål 1870: 31; Distant 1880: 33, 1900: 63; Pirán 1961: 88; Thomas 1992: 48; Brailovsky & Mayorga 1994: 34; Arismendi & Thomas 2003: 224; Cambra et al. 2018: 5; Lupoli 2019: 80; Cazorla 2021: 10; Rider & Swanson 2021: 7; Castro-Huertas et al. 2022: 9; Roell et al. 2023: 77. Heterosceloides lepida: Schouteden 1907: 20; Kirkaldy 1909: 30; Pirán 1961: 88 (syn.). Types examined MEXICO. Phyllochirus lepidus Stål, 1862; female holotype; “ México. Coll. Signoret”, “ lepidus set. Stål”, “ lepidus ”, “ Heterosceloides lepidus Stål ”; (NHMW). Photo examined (Fig. 16). MEXICO. Bodetria scutellaris Walker, 1868; male holotype; “ Holotype ”, “Type”, “Vera cruz / 5466”, “ Bodetria scutellaris ”; “NHMUK 010592395”; (NHMUK). Photo examined (Fig. 17). Other material examined. PANAMA. Panama: (Canal Zone, Madden Forest, 9.05, -79.37), 1 male, 8.I.1971 H. Stockwell (STRI), Smithsonian Tropical Research institute, photo examined. VENEZUELA, Falcon: (Las dos Bocas, 11.30129, -69.41226), 1 female, 29.I.1967 R. Cassares (UFRG). COLOMBIA, Antioquia: (Santa Fé de Antioquia, Hacienda Cotové - UNAL, 600 m. 6.5316, -75.8260), 1 female, 6.X.2000 A. Botero, et al. (UNAB). 1 female, no data (UFRG). Records retrieved from iNaturalist MEXICO, Veracruz: (Puente Nacional, 19.34434, -96.464912), 31.X.2016. MEXICO, Veracruz: (Puente Nacional, 19.343728, -96.464263), 25.IX.2017. COSTA RICA, Puntarenas: (Puntarenas, 10.275075, -84.812452) 25.V.2017. COLOMBIA, Sucre: (Galeras, 9.147859, -74.978428), 18.II.2017. VENEZUELA, Falcon: (Miranda, 11.41002, -69.679581), 5.XII.2022. Diagnosis. Body iridescent-blue, with a large triangular red or orange spot on scutellum; vesicular area of female genitalia subequal in length to the proximal part of the ductus receptaculi. Redescription HEAD: Mandibular plates equal to or slightly surpassing clypeus, anteriorly rounded, separated at apex; head length anterior to the eyes equal to 2/3 of the total length of the head (Fig. 15, D); labium reaching the metasternum; proportion of labiomeres: IIII≅ V. THORAX: Scutellum with a large triangular red or orange spot, covering the entire frenal lobe and the central portion of the postfrenal lobe; coria longer than the scutellum, not reaching the posterior margin of the connexival segment VI, uniformly punctured; membranes dark, surpassing posteriorly the abdomen; metapleural evaporatoria not surpassing posteriorly the anterior limit of coxae; peritreme disc-shaped, surpassing half the pleural width; apex of peritreme rounded, posterior margin arched, convex, anterior margin almost straight (Fig. 15, E); foretibial length on average 3.5x larger than the width of the dorsal tibial expansion (Fig. 15, F). ABDOMEN: Uniformly punctured; urosternite III tubercle not surpassing the posterior margin of metasternum; posterior angles of urosternites III to VII ending in minute spine (Fig. 15, B). Male GENITALIA (Fig. 18): Pygophore with dorsal rim concave; ventral rim slightly sinuous, medially concave; segment X with surface corrugated; head of parameres laterodorsally directed in posterior view. Remarks: The only description of the internal male genitalia was made by McDonald (1966). Based on his description and illustrations (McDonald 1966: 121, figs. 300–302) we interpret the phallus having the conjunctival dorsal lobe (conjunctival appendages sic McDonald) with one pair of projections, and the ventral lobes with three projections each. Female MEASUREMENTS (n=3). Head length 1.24 ± 0.22 (1.00–1.44); width 1.34 ± 0.07 (1.26 –1.40); pronotum length 1.75 ± 0.21 (1.57–2.00); width 3.88 ± 0.24 (3.70–4.16); scutellum length 2.25 ± 0.27 (2.01–2.56); width 2.18 ± 0.11 (2.10–2.32); length of antennomeres: I 0.33 ± 0.04 (0.30–0.37), II 0.62 ± 0.15 (0.50–0.80), III 0.81 ± 0.19 (0.69–1.04), IV 1.09 ± 0.17 (0.90–1.20); V 1.00 ± 0.11 (0.88–1.12); length of labiomeres: I 0.53 ± 0.14 (0.37–0.64), II 0.71 ± 0.08 (0.63–0.80), III 0.40 ± 0.09 (0.30–0.48), IV 0.61 ± 0.11 (0.50–0.72); width of foretibal expansion 0.65 ± 0.26 (0.50–0.96); width of abdomen 3.41 ± 0.36 (3.20–3.84); total length 6.31 ± 0.64 (5.67–6.96). GENITALIA (Fig. 19): Valvifers VIII posterior margin shallowly concave over the plates of sternite IX, truncate over the base of laterotergites VIII; laterotergites VIII wider than long, with spiracles close to the lateral margin; segment X with the posterior margin straight; valvulae IX with 1+1 bean-shaped secondary thickenings with the proximal margin laterally elongated; capsula seminalis oval. Distribution: United States of America (Texas), Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica (new record), Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, French Guyana. (Fig. 1).
Published as part of Sampaio, Vinicius Gomes, Roell, Talita & Campos, Luiz Alexandre, 2023, Revision of Heteroscelis Latreille, 1829 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae) with the description of a new species from Colombia, pp. 401-438 in Zootaxa 5278 (3) on pages 417-421, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7906373
{"references":["Stal, C. (1862) Hemiptera Mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 23 (1 - 2), 81 - 118.","Stal, C. (1870) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en f ˆ rteckning ˆ fver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 1. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 9 (1), 1 - 232.","Walker, F. (1868) s. n. In: Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part III. E. Newman, London, pp. 418 - 599.","Distant, W. L. (1880) Insecta. Rhynchota, Hemiptera-Heteroptera. In: Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali Americana. Vol. 1. R. H. Porter, London, pp. 1 - 88.","Distant, W. L. (1900) Rhynchotal notes. - V. Heteroptera: Asopinae and Tessaratominae. Journal of Natural History, 6 (31), 55 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930008678340","Thomas, D. B. (1992) Taxonomic synopsis of the asopine Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Vol. 16. Thomas Say Foundation Monographs. Entomological Society of America, New York, New York, 156 pp.","Piran, A. A. (1961) Sinopsis del genero Heteroscelis Latreille 1829 (Hem. Pentatomidae) con la descripcion de cinco especies nuevas. Revista de Investigaciones Agricolas, 15, 83 - 99.","Brailovsky, H. & Mayorga, C. (1994) Hemiptera-Heteroptera de Mexico XLV. La Subfamilia Asopinae (Pentatomidae), en la Estacion de Biologia Tropical de Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, 65 (1), 33 - 4.","Arismendi, N. & Thomas, D. B. (2003) Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) of Honduras: a checklist with description of a new ochlerine genus. Insecta Mundi, 17 (3 - 4), 219 - 236.","Cambra, R. A., Carranza, R., Anino Ramos, Y. J. & Santos Murgas, A. (2018) The pentatomids (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Panama. Revista Nicarag ¸ ense de Entomologia, (149), 1 - 21.","Lupoli, R. (2019) First catalogue of the Asopinae (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) from French Guiana. Zootaxa, 4668 (1), 76 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4668.1.4","Cazorla, D. (2021) Pentatomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) de Venezuela. Revista Nicarag ¸ ense de Entomologia, 234, 3 - 133.","Rider, D. A. & Swanson, D. R. (2021) A distributional synopsis of the Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) north of Mexico, including new state and provincial records. Zootaxa, 5015 (1), 1 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5015.1.1","Castro-Huertas, V., Grazia, J., Forero, D., Fernandez, F. & Schwertner, C. F. (2022) Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Colombia: An annotated checklist of species. Zootaxa, 5097 (1), 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5097.1.1","Roell, T., Lemaitre, V. A., Webb, M. D. & Campos, L. A. (2023) An annotated and illustrated Type Catalogue of the predacious Shieldbugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae) in the Collection of the Natural History Museum, London. Zootaxa, 5232 (1), 1 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5232.1.1","Schouteden, H. (1907) Heteroptera, Fam. Pentatomidae, Subfam. Asopinae (Amyoteinae). Genera Insectorum 52. P. Wytsman, Bruxelles, 82 pp.","Kirkaldy, G. W. (1909) Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) with biological and anatomical references, lists of foodplants and parasites, etc. Vol. I Cimicidae. F. L. Dames, Berlin, xl + 392 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15205","McDonald, F. J. D. (1966) The genitalia of North American Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Quaestiones Entomologicae, 2, 7 - 150."]}

Hemiptera, Heteroscelis, Insecta, Arthropoda, Pentatomidae, Animalia, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, and Heteroscelis servillii

Heteroscelis servillii Laporte, 1833 (Figs. 1–14) Heteroscelis servillii Laporte, 1833: 86; Stål 1870: 31; Kirkaldy 1909: 30 (syn.). Phyllocheirus servillei: Spinola 1837: 306 Phyllochirus servillei: Amyot & Serville 1843: 80 (emen); Stål 1862: 93; Stål 1870: 31 (syn.); Kirkaldy 1909: 30. Agerrus remipes Stål, 1859: 434; Stål 1862: 93 (syn.); Schouteden 1907: 19; Kirkaldy 1909: 30. Bodetria brenthoides Walker, 1867: 119; Stål 1870: 31 (syn.); Distant 1900: 63; Schouteden 1907: 19; Kirkaldy 1909: 30. Bodetria chrysoclora Walker, 1868: 528; Stål 1870: 31 (syn.); Distant 1900: 63; Schouteden 1907: 19; Kirkaldy 1909: 30. Bodetria indecora Walker, 1868: 528; Stål 1870: 31 (syn.); Distant 1900: 63; Schouteden 1907: 19; Kirkaldy 1909: 30. Heteroscelis brenthoides: Schouteden 1907: 19; Kirkaldy 1909: 30 (syn.). Heteroscelis servillei: Distant 1900: 63; Schouteden 1907: 19; Pirán 1961: 87; Thomas 1992: 46; Grazia & Schwertner 2011: 713; Grazia et al. 2015: 686; Silva et al. 2018: 404; Lupoli 2019: 80; Cazorla 2021: 10; Castro-Huertas et al. 2022: 9; Roell et al. 2023: 28, 29, 47. Phyllocheirus brenthoides: Kirkaldy 1909: 30. Phyllocheirus servillii: Kirkaldy 1909: 30; Pirán, 1961: 87 (syn.). Heteroscelis zischkai Kormilev, 1951: 40; Pirán 1961: 88; Thomas 1992: 46 (syn.). Heteroscelis dureti Pirán, 1954: 19; Thomas 1992: 46 (syn.). Heteroscelis bergi Pirán, 1954: 20; Thomas 1992: 46 (syn.). Heteroscelis carcavalloi Pirán, 1961: 96; Thomas 1992: 46 (syn.). Heteroscelis amazonica Pirán, 1961: 98; Thomas 1992: 46 (syn.). Types examined SURINAM. Agerrus remipes Stål, 1859; female syntype; labels: “Surinam.”, “Stål”, “ Agerrus remipes Stål. Typ. ”, “111”, “TYPUS”, “NHRS—GULI 000096153”; (NHRS). Photo examined (Fig. 3). BRAZIL. Heteroscelis amazonica Pirán, 1961; female holotype; labels: “Ig do Passarinho Manaus. Am. 24.II.55. Costa Leite e N. Cerqueira—cols. 07. 9/59”, “ Heteroscelis amazonica Pirán 1960 ”, “ HOLOTYPUS ”; (MNRJ) (Fig. 4). BRAZIL. Heteroscelis carcavalloi Pirán, 1961; female alotype; labels: “Sítio Vieiralves Manaus—Am. 21.Xll.65. Elias e Rappa—cols. 02. 9/59”, “ Heteroscelis carcavalloi Pirán 1960 ”, “ ALLOTYPUS ”; (MNRJ). BRAZIL. Bodetria brenthoides Walker, 1867; female holotype; labels: “Amazon St. Paul / 60 32” “Type”, “ Holotype ”, “1. Bodetria brenthoides ”; “NHMUK 010592390”; (NHMUK). Photo examined (Fig. 5). BRAZIL. Bodetria chrysoclora Walker, 1868; male holotype; labels: “Braz / 62 57” “Type”, “ Holotype ”, “ Bodetria chrysoclora ”; “NHMUK 010592391”; (NHMUK). Photo examined (Fig. 6). BRAZIL. Bodetria indecora Walker, 1868; male holotype; labels: “Braz / 62 57” “Type”, “ Holotype ”, “ Bodetria indecora ”; “NHMUK 010592393”; (NHMUK). Photo examined (Fig. 7). BOLIVIA. Heteroscelis carcavalloi Pirán, 1961; male holotype; labels: “ HOLOTYPUS ”, “Yungas del Palmar. IV–954. A. Martinez.”, “ Heteroscelis carcavalloi Pirán, 1960.”; (MACN). Photo examined (Fig. 8). BOLIVIA. Heteroscelis zischkai Kormilev, 1951; female alotype; labels: “ BOLIVIA, Region Chaparé, Dep. Cochabamba (400 mtr), 30. VIII. 1951. Dirings.”. Heteroscelis zischkai Kormilev. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales. ”. “ ALLOTYPE ”; (MACN) (Fig. 9). PARAGUAY. Heteroscelis dureti Pirán, 1954; female holotype; labels: “ Heteroscelis dureti Det. Pirán. 952”, “ HOLOTYPUS ”, “ Paraguay, Villarrica, Schade col. 15.IV.46”; (MACN). Photo examined (Fig. 10). ARGENTINA. Heteroscelis bergi Pirán, 1954; male holotype; labels: “Missiones—Argentina. Dep. Concep.— Sta. Maria. M.J. Viana”, “53.484”, “ HOLOTYPUS ”, “ Heteroscelis bergi Det. Pirán. 952”; (MACN). Photo examined (Fig. 11). Other material examined. VENEZUELA, Guayana: (Conuco, Rio Moroco), 3 males, 18/ 19.I.1972 G. & E. Scherer (NMPC); Zulia: (Kasmera, 9.94907, -72.75292), 1 female, 20.IX.1961 F. Fernandez Y. & C. J. Rosales (UFRG); Cx. Panamexicana El Vigia Coloneito: (Km 8.32611, -72.08742), 1 female, 6.I.1955. F. Fernandez Y. & C. J. Rosales (UFRG); Aragua: (El Limón, 10.30589, -67.63212), 1 male, 2.III.1951 F. Fernandes (UFRG); Aragua: (Maracay, 10.23535, -67.59113), 1 female, 2.V.1953 N. Angeles (UFRG). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: 2 males, XII.1953 G. u. Helga Frey. (NMPC). BRAZIL, 1 female, 11.IV.1962 Cerq. (UFRG); Pará: (Belém Mocambo, - 1.45583, -48.50444), 1 female, 6.II.1979 P Tadeu (UFRG); (Peixe-boi, -1.10168, -47.27259), 1 male, 12.IV.1977 P Waldir. (UFRG); (Serra Norte Manganês -6.01748, -50.30386), 1 female, 22.X.1984 T. Pimentel; Amazonas: (Manaus, CEPLAC, -2.8905, -59.9576), 1 female, 15.VII.1977 (UFRG); (Serra dos Porcos, 0.416667, -69.366667), 1 male, 25.II.1977 Franklim (INPA); (Manaus, CEPLAC, Am 010 Km 31, -2.8905, -59.9576), 1 male, 7.V.1988 Albuquerque (UFRG); (Manaus, -3.04361, -60.01282), 1 male, 5.V.1976 Paraluppi (UFRG); (Manaus, Br 174 Km 41, Agricultura Geológica -2.6770, -60.04668), 1 male, 15.VI.1981 C.A. Fonseca (INPA); (Itacoatiara, -3.1373, - 58.4418), 1 female, Dirings (MCNZ); Amapá: (Serra do Navio, 1.65803, -52.28195), 1 female, 13.VII.1961 AP. J & B. Bechyné (UFRG); Rio Grande do Norte: (Natal, -5.8101, -35.22674), 1 male, I.1952 M. Alvarenga (UFRG); Pernambuco: (Paudalho, Acerolândia, -7.850, -35.250. 160m), 1 male, II.2016 Grossi & Parizotto (CERPE); (Paudalho, Acerolândia, -7.850, -35.250. 160m), 1 female, XI.2017 Grossi & Parizotto (CERPE); Mato Grosso do Sul: (Bonito, Praia da Figueira -21.2972, -56.5005), 1 female, 01.III.2009 Grossi & Parizotto (DZUP); Rio Grande do Sul: (Cerro Azul -27.7403, -51.5199), 1 female, I.1931 Pe. Buck leg. (MCNZ); ECUADOR, Amazonia: 1 female, II.1998 lgt. Bezdek (NMPC); Napo: (Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 216m, -0.6379, -76.1495), 1 male, 06.II.1999 T.L. Erwin, et al. (USNM); (Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 216m, -0.6379, -76.1495), 1 female, 22.X.1998 T.L. Erwin, et al. (USNM); PERU, Pucalipa: (Rio Ucayali, -8.4084, -74.6058), 1 female, Dirings (MCNZ); BOLIVIA, Cochabamba (Chapare, 400m -16.80922, -65.71926), 1 female, 07.IX.1951 Dirings (MACN). Records retrieved from iNaturalist TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO, San Juan-Laventille: (10.605137, -61.42763), 14.II.2021. BRAZIL, Amazonas: (Manaus, -3.095784, -59.989879), 13.VIII.2020. BRAZIL, Espírito Santo: (S„o Gabriel de Palha, -18.906837, -40.478105), II.2014. BRAZIL, S„o Paulo: (Campinas, -22.819691, -47.064677), 16.II.2023. BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro: (Cabo Frio, -22.886901, -42.026649), 8.I.2017. Diagnosis. Mandibular plates distinctly longer than clypeus, converging apically; head length anterior to the eyes more than 2/3 of the total length of the head (Fig. 2, D); urosternite III tubercle yellow or orange at apex, and surpassing the posterior margin of metasternum (Fig. 2, B). Redescription BODY: General color ranging from brown and dark red to iridescent hues of green, yellow, blue and purple, with or without yellow spots on the pronotum, scutellum and coria (more commonly observed in non-iridescent specimens). HEAD: Labium almost reaching the metasternum (Fig. 2, B); proportion of antennomeres: I≅ IV ≅ V. THORAX: Coria longer than scutellum, not reaching the posterior margin of connexival segment VI, uniformly punctured; membrane dark and surpassing posteriorly the abdomen; metapleural evaporatoria surpassing posteriorly the anterior limit of coxae; peritreme reaching or surpassing half the pleural width; apex of peritreme rounded, posterior margin a little more arched than the anterior, both convex (Fig. 2, E); profemora with rudimentary ante-apical spine; foretibial length on average 3.5x larger than the width of the tibial dorsal expansion (Fig. 2, F). ABDOMEN: Posterior angles of urosternites III to VII ending in minute spine, more developed in VII (Fig. 2, B). Male: MEASUREMENTS (n=13): Head length 1.76 ± 0.28 (1.30–1.84); width 1.29 ± 0.07 (1.20–1.50); pronotum length 2.00 ± 0.26 (1.50–2.40); width 4.21 ± 0.26 (3.80–4.50); scutellum length 2.38 ± 0.16 (2.08–2.60); width 2.30 ± 0.13 (2.08–2.56); length of antennomeres: I (n=11) 0.39 ± 0.03 (0.30–0.40), II (n=11) 0.71 ± 0.09 (0.60 –0.90), III (n=11) 0.95 ± 0.10 (0.80–1.04), IV (n=11) 1.03 ± 0.14 (0.72–1.20); V (n=8) 1.09 ± 0.20 (0.72–1.40); length of labiomeres: I (n=8) 0.67 ± 0.08 (0.60–0.80), II (n=8) 0.87 ± 0.07 (0.80–1.00), III (n=8) 0.45 ± 0.07 (0.40–0.60), IV (n=8) 0.68 ± 0.09 (0.60–0.90); width of foretibal expansion (n=10) 0.59 ± 0.07 (0.48–0.72); width of abdomen (n=11) 3.21 ± 0.18 (2.96–3.50); total length 7.04 ± 0.65 (6.10–8.30). GENITALIA: Pygophore (Fig. 12): setae denser on posterolateral angles and on medial portion of dorsal rim; dorsal rim sinuous, medially concave; ventral rim slightly sinuous, medially concave; segment X with surface corrugated and with a membranous longitudinal line; head of parameres lateroventrally directed in posterior view. Phallus (Fig. 13): conjunctival dorsal lobe with one pair of long projections and one single forked central projection, ventral lobes with two projections each. Female: MEASUREMENTS (n=15): Head length (n=11) 2.06 ± 0.38 (1.40–2.60); width (n=11) 1.47 ± 0.20 (1.20– 1.90); pronotum length (n=13) 2.45 ± 0.26 (1.92–2.80); width (n=13) 4.83 ± 0.42 (3.92–5.60); scutellum length 2.88 ± 0.32 (2.24–3.40); width 2.56 ± 0.40 (1.84–3.00); length of antennomeres: I (n=12) 0.42 ± 0.06 (0.30–0.50), II (n=12) 0.79 ± 0.15 (0.56 –1.10), III (n=12) 1.04 ± 0.21 (0.60–1.30), IV (n=8) 1.22 ± 0.39 (0.80–2.00); V (n=5) 1.03 ± 0.18 (0.96–1.30); length of labiomeres: I (n=9) 0.77 ± 0.11 (0.60–0.90), II (n=9) 1.02 ± 0.16 (0.70–1.30), III (n=9) 0.50 ± 0.10 (0.40–0.70), IV (n=9) 0.85 ± 0.14 (0.60–1.00); width of foretibal expansion (n=11) 0.72 ± 0.09 (0.56–0.90); width of abdomen 3.70 ± 0.33 (3.04–4.30); total length (n=8) 8.28 ± 1.05 (6.88–9.50). GENITALIA (Fig. 14): Valvifers VIII posterior margin bisinuous, slightly projected over the basal angles of laterotergites IX; laterotergites VIII wider than long, with spiracles equidistant from the basal angle and the lateral margin; valvulae IX with 1+1 bean-shaped secondary thickenings; vesicular area half the length of the proximal part of the ductus receptaculi; capsula seminalis oval. Distribution: Colombia, Ecuador (new record), Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French Guyana, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina (Fig. 1).
Published as part of Sampaio, Vinicius Gomes, Roell, Talita & Campos, Luiz Alexandre, 2023, Revision of Heteroscelis Latreille, 1829 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae) with the description of a new species from Colombia, pp. 401-438 in Zootaxa 5278 (3) on pages 405-416, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7906373
{"references":["Laporte, F. L. (1833) Essai d'une classification systematique de l'orde des Hemipteres (Hemipteres-Heteropteres Latr.). Magasin de Zoologie, 2 (1), 17 - 88.","Stal, C. (1870) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en f ˆ rteckning ˆ fver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 1. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 9 (1), 1 - 232.","Kirkaldy, G. W. (1909) Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) with biological and anatomical references, lists of foodplants and parasites, etc. Vol. I Cimicidae. F. L. Dames, Berlin, xl + 392 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15205","Spinola, M. (1837) Essai sur les genres d'insectes appartenants a l'ordre des hemipteres, Lin., ou rhyngotes, Fab., et a la section des heteropteres, Dufour. Chez Yves Gravier, Geneva, 382 pp.","Amyot, C. J. B. & Serville, A. (1843) Histoire naturelle des insectes: Hemipteres. Vol. 1. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 675 pp.","Stal, C. (1862) Hemiptera Mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 23 (1 - 2), 81 - 118.","Stal, C. (1859) Hemiptera. Species novas descripsit. Konglinga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa Omkring Jorden, 3, 219 - 298.","Schouteden, H. (1907) Heteroptera, Fam. Pentatomidae, Subfam. Asopinae (Amyoteinae). Genera Insectorum 52. P. Wytsman, Bruxelles, 82 pp.","Walker, F. (1867) Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. E. Newman, London, 240 pp.","Distant, W. L. (1900) Rhynchotal notes. - V. Heteroptera: Asopinae and Tessaratominae. Journal of Natural History, 6 (31), 55 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930008678340","Walker, F. (1868) s. n. In: Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part III. E. Newman, London, pp. 418 - 599.","Piran, A. A. (1961) Sinopsis del genero Heteroscelis Latreille 1829 (Hem. Pentatomidae) con la descripcion de cinco especies nuevas. Revista de Investigaciones Agricolas, 15, 83 - 99.","Thomas, D. B. (1992) Taxonomic synopsis of the asopine Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Vol. 16. Thomas Say Foundation Monographs. Entomological Society of America, New York, New York, 156 pp.","Grazia, J. & Schwertner, C. F. (2011) Checklist of stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) from S \" o Paulo State, Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 11, 705 - 716. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032011000500034","Grazia, J., Panizzi, A. R., Greve, C., Schwertner, C. F., Campos, L. A., Garbelotto, T. A. & Fernandes, J. A. M. (2015) Stink bugs (Pentatomidae). In: Panizzi, A. R. & Grazia, J. (Eds.), True bugs (Heteroptera) of the neotropics. Vol. 2. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 681 - 756. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 017 - 9861 - 7 _ 22","Silva, V. J., Santos, C. R. M. & Fernandes, J. A. M. (2018) Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) from Brazilian Amazon: checklist and new records. Zootaxa, 4425 (3), 401 - 455. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4425.3.1","Lupoli, R. (2019) First catalogue of the Asopinae (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) from French Guiana. Zootaxa, 4668 (1), 76 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4668.1.4","Cazorla, D. (2021) Pentatomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) de Venezuela. Revista Nicarag ¸ ense de Entomologia, 234, 3 - 133.","Castro-Huertas, V., Grazia, J., Forero, D., Fernandez, F. & Schwertner, C. F. (2022) Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Colombia: An annotated checklist of species. Zootaxa, 5097 (1), 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5097.1.1","Roell, T., Lemaitre, V. A., Webb, M. D. & Campos, L. A. (2023) An annotated and illustrated Type Catalogue of the predacious Shieldbugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae) in the Collection of the Natural History Museum, London. Zootaxa, 5232 (1), 1 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5232.1.1","Kormilev, N. A. (1951) Notas sobre hemipteros bolivianos con la descripcion de un genero y tres especies nuevos. Folia Universitaria, 5, 35 - 45.","Piran, A. A. (1954) Dos especies nuevas de Heteroscelis de las faunas de la Argentina y Paraguay (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Asopinae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 17 (1 - 2), 19 - 21."]}

Insecta, Melanoplus, Arthropoda, Animalia, Orthoptera, Melanoplus frigidus frigidus (boheman, 1846), Biodiversity, Acrididae, Melanoplus frigidus, and Taxonomy

Melanoplus frigidus frigidus (Boheman, 1846), comb. resurr. Melanoplus frigidus frigidus: Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko, 1951: 233; Mistshenko, 1952: 425; Mistshenko, 1971: 576; Vickery & Kevan, 1983: 863; Ryabukhin & Zasypkina, 2005: 307; Ermakova, 2011: 20; Ermakova et al., 2016: 126. Melanoplus frigidus: Miram, 1933: 41; Berman et al., 1983: 345. Podisma frigida: Miram, 1928: 19; Miram, 1931: 44. Bohemanella frigida: Ramme, 1951: 18; Vickery, 1984: 18; Haberski et al., 2021: 34. Bohemanella frigida frigida: Vickery, 1997: 229. Remarks. The genus Melanoplus Stål, 1873 consists of about 200 species in 27 species groups (Cigliano et al., 2022). The monotypic genus Bohemanella Ramme, 1951 was proposed for Melanoplus frigidus distributed in Eurasia and North America (Ramme, 1951), while Mistshenko (1952: 422; 1971: 577) based on the critical analysis of taxonomic characters synonymized Bohemanella under Melanoplus. Here I agree with such synonymy and again placed frigidus in the genus Melanoplus, where this species forming its own species group frigidus. The nominotypical subspecies has a very wide distribution in Europe, Asia, and North America. In Beringia, it is recorded from Northeast Yakutia, Magadan region, Chukotka, Alaska, Yukon, and the Northwest Territories.
Published as part of Storozhenko, Sergey Yu., 2023, Orthoptera of Northeast Asia and Northwest America, pp. 564-578 in Zootaxa 5264 (4) on page 569, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7837186
{"references":["Bey-Bienko, G. Ya. & Mistshenko, L. L. (1951) Locusts and grasshoppers of the USSR and adjacent countries. Parts 1 & 2. USSR Academy of Sciences Publ., Moscow-Leningrad. pp. 1 - 378 + 379 - 667. [in Russian].","Mistshenko, L. L. (1952) Locusts and grasshoppers, Catantopinae. Fauna of USSR, Orthoptera 4 (2). USSR Academy of Sciences Publ., Moscow-Leningrad, 610 pp. [in Russian]","Mistshenko, L. L. (1971) On the fauna of Orthoptera from North-Eastern Siberia. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 50 (3), 574 - 584. [in Russian with English summary]","Vickery, V. R. & Kevan, D. K. M. (1983) A monograph of the Orthopteroid insects of Canada and adjacent regions. Vols. I - II. Memoir of Lyman Entomological Museum and Research Laboratory, 13, 1 - 1462.","Ryabukhin, A. S. & Zasypkina, I. A. (2005) Terrestrial and freshwater insects of the Tauysk Bay coast. In: Chereshnev, I. A. (Ed.), Biodiversity of the Tauysk Bay of the Sea of Okhotsk. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 290 - 478. [in Russian]","Ermakova, Yu. V. (2011) Orthoptera of the mountain landscapes of Yakutia. Proceedings of the Russian Entomological Society, 82, 17 - 24. [in Russian with English summary]","Ermakova, Yu. V., Evdokarova, T. G. & Nogovitsyna, S. N. (2016) Orthoptera communities in the relict steppes of Northeast Yakutia. Science and Education, 4, 124 - 129. [in Russian with English summary]","Miram, E. (1933) Les Orthopteres de Jakoutie. USSR Academy of Sciences Publ., Leningrad. 52 p. [in Russian]","Berman, D. I., Budarin, A. M. & Kritskaya, I. G. (1983) Fauna and spatial distribution of Orthoptera in continental regions of the North-Eastern USSR. In: Biological problems of North. Proceedings of X all-USSR symposium. Part 2. Fauna. Magadan, pp. 345 - 346. [in Russian]","Miram, E. (1928) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Orthopteren-Fauna Jakutiens. Materiaux de la Commission pour l'etude de la Republique ASS Jakoute, 24, 1 - 26.","Miram, E. (1931) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Orthopterenfauna der norlichen Palarzone mit Berucksichtigung der Dermapteren und Blattodeen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 97 (1 / 2), 37 - 46.","Ramme, W. (1951) Zur Systematik, Faunistik und Biologie der Orthopteren von Sudost-Europa und Vorderasien. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 27, 1 - 431. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 4830270108","Vickery, V. R. (1984) The Orthopteroid insects of Yukon. Note of Lyman Entomological Museum and Research Laboratory, 10, 1 - 42.","Haberski, A., Woller, D. A. & Sikes, D. S. (2021) Orthoptera of Alaska: A photographic key, new records, and synonymy of Melanoplus gordonae. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification, 44, 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / cjai. 2021.44","Vickery, V. R. (1997) Orthopteroid insects (Orthoptera) of Yukon. In: Danks, H. V. & Downes, J. A. (Eds.), Insects of the Yukon. Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods), Ottawa, pp. 223 - 239.","Cigliano, M. M., Braun, H., Eades, D. C. & Otte, D. (2022) Orthoptera Species File Online. Version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from: http: // Orthoptera. SpeciesFile. org. (accessed 25 December 2022)."]}

Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Insecta, Arthropoda, Drabescus macrocladus, Animalia, Drabescus, Biodiversity, and Taxonomy

1. Drabescus macrocladus sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2) Description. Body length (including tegmina), male: 8.5–9.5 mm, female: 8.5–9.0 mm. Body color tawny. Crown (Fig. 1, A, B, E) with fore margin black, anterior margin of head (Fig. 1, E) with a pale yellow transverse band, upper and lower margin black. Face (Fig 1. C) dark brown with broad yellowish transverse band in middle below eyes; antennal pedicel dark brown. Pronotum and scutellum (Fig. 1, A, B) with dense brown mottling. Forewing (Fig. 1, A, D) with veins yellowish brown, subcosta with periphery black-brown, with triangular whitish transverse band in the middle section. Leg (Fig. 1, C, D, E) yellow to brown. Head (Fig. 1, A, B, E) broader than pronotum. Crown (Fig. 1, A, B) with anterior margin rounded and produced, median length of vertex slightly longer than next to eyes, transversely concave medially and subapically, coronal suture distinct, extended near 1/3 length of vertex. Face (Fig. 1, C) with anteclypeus conspicuously expanded apically; transclypeal suture obscure; lorum broad; gena with oblique wrinkles; lateral frontal sutures extending to corresponding ocelli. Pronotum (Fig. 1, A, B, E) with dense fine punctations, lateral margin long, carinate, hind margin strikingly concave. Forewing (Fig. 1, A, D) crimped. Fore femur with anteromedial (AM1) row seta enlarged and stout, intercalary (IC) row with numerous scattered long setae. Metafemur with apical setal formula 2+2+1. Male pygofer side (Fig. 2, I) constricted apically, apex broadly triangular, with numerous long macrosetae near caudal margin, ventroposterior margin without appendages. Valve (Fig. 2, J) oval. Subgenital plates (Fig. 2, J) with apical process long, digitate, tapering distally and strongly curved dorsad, with several fine hair-like microsetae arising from lateral margin. Style (Fig. 2, K) with apical process longish, wide and rather thick, lateral lobe prominently protruding with short microsetae, apex sclerotized. Connective (Fig. 2, L, M, N) Y-shaped, ventral margin angled at mid-length in lateral view; stem robust and longer than arms, articulated with aedeagus. Aedeagal shaft (Fig. 2, L) curved dorsad, apex expanded in lateral view, lamellate; shaft (Fig. 2, M, N) with a pair of long laterobasal processes, process apically tapering and extending nearly to apex of shaft; gonopore (Fig. 2, L, M, N) large, apical on ventroposterior surface. Anal tube (Fig. 2, I) large, strongly sclerotized laterally and dorsally. Female: Seventh sternite (Fig. 1, H) black, hind margin concave; ovipositor (Fig. 1, H) exceeding apex of pygofer; dorsal margin of the first valvulae (Fig. 2, O, P) slightly produced near the middle, sculpturing pattern strigate; dorsal margin of the second valvulae (Fig. 2, Q, R) with a near median blunt tooth, with serrate teeth restricted to approximately apical one-fourth. Material examined. Holotype: ♁, Hainan Province, Jianfengling Mountains, 900 m, 7-V-2008, Coll. Men Qiulei (NWAFU). Paratypes: 1♁ 1♀, same data as the holotype except 980 m, 5-V-2008; 1♀, same data as the holotype except 950 m, 9-V-2008. Etymology. The specific epithet of this new species originates from the Latin word “ macro ” and Greek “ klados ”, referring to the aedeagal shaft having a pair of long ramiform laterobasal processes. Remarks. This new species is similar to D. vilbastei Zhang & Webb, 1996, but it can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: face with broad yellowish transverse band in middle below eyes (without transverse band, frontoclypeus black brown in D. vilbastei); male pygofer side with ventroposterior margin without process (with a pair of processes in D. vilbastei); style with lateral lobe prominently protruding (absent in D. vilbastei); aedeagal shaft with apex expanded in lateral view (not expanded in lateral view in D. vilbastei).
Published as part of Xu, Deliang & Zhang, Yalin, 2023, Taxonomy of the leafhopper genus Drabescus Stål (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) with description of two new species from China, pp. 393-404 in Zootaxa 5264 (3) on pages 397-400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7836835
{"references":["Zhang, Y. L. & Webb, M. D. (1996) A revised classification of the Asian and Pacific selenocephaline leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum Entomology Series, 65 (1), 1 - 103."]}

Hemiptera, Insecta, Ectomocoris, Arthropoda, Animalia, Ectomocoris decoratus, Biodiversity, Reduviidae, and Taxonomy

Ectomocoris decoratus (Stål, 1863) (Figs. 8–10) Pirates decoratus Stål, 1863: 57. Callisphodrus decoratus: Stål (1867: 258). Pirates decorellus Walker, 1873: 129. Synonymized by Distant (1902: 283). Eumerus (Callisphodrus) decoratus: Stål (1874: 62). Sirthenea decorella: Lethierry & Severin (1896: 129). Ectomocoris decoratus: Lethierry & Severin (1896: 122); Maldonado (1990: 352). Type specimens examined. Lectotype (present designation), macropterous male, (lectotype circular label added in present study), 58·124 Australia., decoratus Stål, 104. Pirates decoratus, NHMUK 013586031 (NHM). Holotype of Pirates decorellus Walker, 1873, macropterous male, Type, Moreton Bay 57 71, Pirates decoratus Walker’s Catal., NHMUK 013586032 (NHM). Other specimens examined. [males macropterous and females micropterous]. AUSTRALIA. 2 males, aus., Pres. by Perth Museum. B.M. 1953-629. (NHM); 1 male, Fin mola (NHM). QUEENSLAND. 1 male, Mackay, Queensland. G. Turner. 1892-16. (NHM); 1 female, Townsville, Qld. 8.12.02 F. P Dodd, Queensland. F.P. Dodd. 1907-54. (NHM); 1 male, Brisbane: H. Hacker. 30.10.21, 96, Queensland. H. Hacker. B.M. 1924-455. (NHM); 1 male, 66. 12., Mor B., Pirates decoratus Walker’s Catal. (NHM); 1 male, Kuranda, 1.08, R.W. Armitage 2.3.08 (MV); 2 females, 17 00S 145 26E, Mareeba, iii.1993, Quarantine interception (ANIC); 1 female, Mt Moffatt, Carnarvon NP, Top shelter shed, 1000m, 10-12.xii.1987, Monteith, Thompson & Yeates (QM); 1 female, Blackdown Tableland via Dingo, 1-6.ii.1981, GB Monteith (QM); 1 male, Fletcher (QM); 1 male, Nth Pine, 4.xii.1962, G. Monteith (QM); 1 male, Biggenden Bluff Range foothills, 19-20.xii.1972, H. Frauca (ANIC); 1 male, Lake Broadwater via Dalby, SW Track, 22.viii.1984, M. Bennie (QM); 1 male, Deepwater Creek via Rosedale, 14.xii.1976, G.B. & S.R. Monteith (QM); 1 male, Brisbane, J. Muir (QM). NEW SOUTH WALES. 1 female, New S. Wales: Sydney, Auburn. 12.v.1927. B.M.1927-188. (NHM); 1 male, Maitland, 26.xii.1962, A. N. (MV); 1 female, Cessnock, 12.iii.1953, I.G. Filmer (QM); 1 male, Bulgeragar Ck via Quambone, 11.xi.1979, R.J. Faulder (NSWDPI); 1 female, Rivertree, 1.i.1931, E. Sutton (MV). AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY. 1 male, Yass, 1.i.1929, K. English (ANIC); 1 male, Deakin, Canberra, 28.xii.1967, E.B. Britton (ANIC); 1 male, Canberra, i.1953, H. Willings (ANIC). VICTORIA. 1 male, Tallarook Ranges, J.E. Dixon Collection Don. Jan 1940 (MV); 1 female (abdomen missing), Glenrowan (MV); 1 male, Grampians (MV); 2 females, Trawool, 17.xii.1919 (MV); 2 males, Victoria (MV). Redescription. Macropterous male (Fig. 8) Colouration (Fig. 8): Colouration of this species varies considerably among specimens examined. Primary body colour may be red, brownish red, brown or brownish black (brownish black part usually with blue metallic lustre). Following description is mainly based on the red colour form, which represents majority of examined specimens. Head, pronotum, scutellum, thoracic pleura and sterna red, posterior lobe of pronotum paler than anterior lobe in some individuals; scape yellow, second to fourth antennal segments yellowish brown; legs reddish brown, with apex of coxae, base of trochanters, apex of fore femur, basal one third and apex of mid and hind femora, base of tibiae and tarsi yellow; hemelytra of macropterous male dark brown, corium with a whitish stripe along claval suture, membrane with three whitish areas: a small stripe near base of costal margin, a curved band at basal area of AIC and an irregular patch at apical area of membrane; first to third abdominal tergites red, fourth to seventh tergites and abdominal sternites reddish brown, six and seventh tergites with a yellow patch in middle part, fourth and fifth tergites with median yellow spot as well in some individuals; connexiva with about anterior half of segments III–VII yellow and posterior half reddish brown. Structure (Figs. 8, 10): Head covered with short yellowish pilosity and sparse brown longer bristly setae prominent on mandibular plates and dorsum of head. Anteocular region about 2.3 times as long as postocular part, postocular region not protruding laterally, clypeus near its base distinctly elevated above mandibular plates. Neck with lateral tubercles distinct. Ocelli separated from eye by slightly more than diameter of single ocellus. Anterior lobe of pronotum about 1.9 times as long as posterior lobe. Scutellum triangular, slightly longer than wide, scutellar process projected and long. Hemelytra exceeding tip of abdomen. Coxa of fore leg with yellowish pilosity; fore tibia with fossula spongiosa occupying over 2/3 tibial length, mid tibia with fossula spongiosa occupying half of tibial length. Male with abdominal sternum medially carinate, extragenital structure absent. Male genitalia (Fig. 10): Median pygophore process long, falcate in caudal view, apex sharp, ventral surface with a longitudinal ridge, basal part with paired pointed knobs (Fig. 10A–C). Parameres subtriangular, inner margins curved (Fig. 10D&E), left paramere with apex blunt (Fig. 10D). Phallus (Fig. 10F–I) in resting condition with basal plate bridge slightly longer than basal plate (Fig. 10F), length of pedicel similar with length of basal plate (Fig. 10H); dorsal phallothecal sclerite curved (Fig. 10H&I); lateral phallothecal sclerite somewhat rectangle with an indistinct process at basal portion of inner margin (Fig. 10I); apical portion of endosoma with a sclerite, apex of which with a sharp angular process (Fig. 10F). Micropterous female (Fig. 9) Colouration generally similar to macropterous male. Differs from macropterous form as follows. Ocelli smaller and less elevated. Pronotum with anterior lobe subspherical, more than four times as long as posterior lobe, posterior lobe slightly narrower than anterior lobe. Scutellum reduced, much wider at base than long. Mesonotum with a lateral tubercle on each side. Hemelytra represented by minute flap, only reaching half length of scutellum (Fig. 9). Measurements: [of lectotype macropterous male of Pirates decoratus when available, followed by ranges of six macropterous males and two micropterous females]. Body length 13.94, 12.35–12.69 (♁), 13.17–13.64 (♀); maximum width of abdomen 3.91, 3.60–3.64 (♁), 3.71–4.21 (♀); length of head 2.25, 1.81–1.88 (♁), 1.78–1.92 (♀); width of head across eyes 1.71, 1.47–1.56 (♁), 1.46–1.50 (♀); length of anteocular region 0.74–0.78 (♁), 0.82–0.91 (♀); length of postocular region 0.32–0.41 (♁), 0.35–0.39 (♀); width of eye in dorsal view 0.56–0.57 (♁), 0.50–0.53 (♀); width of interocular space 0.36, 0.35–0.38 (♁), 0.41–0.49 (♀); width of interocellar space 0.20, 0.10–0.12 (♁), 0.11–0.12 (♀); lengths of antennal segments I–IV 1.26, 1.11–1.29 (♁), 0.99–1.10 (♀) / 2.43, 2.12–2.22 (♁), 1.93–2.07 (♀) /?–2.69 (♁), 2.69–? (♀) /?–? (♁), 1.68–? (♀); length of visible labial segments I–III 0.80–0.86 (♁), 0.75–0.79 (♀) / 1.17–1.35 (♁), 1.28–1.32 (♀) / 0.71–0.72 (♁), 0.71–0.78 (♀); length of pronotum 3.42, 2.99–3.21 (♁), 2.60–? (♀); length of anterior pronotal lobe 1.90–2.12 (♁), 2.11–2.28 (♀); length of posterior pronotal lobe 1.09–1.10 (♁), 0.49–? (♀); width of anterior pronotal lobe 2.19–2.98 (♁), 2.19–2.19 (♀); width of posterior pronotal lobe 3.51, 2.97–3.18 (♁), 2.05–? (♀); length of scutellum 1.80, 1.52–1.93 (♁), 0.83–1.03 (♀); maximum width of scutellum 1.44, 1.32–1.64 (♁), 1.91–? (♀); length of hemelytra 9.52, 8.40–8.99 (♁). Distribution. Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory and Victoria, and also Tasmania (Cassis & Gross 1995)). Notes. This species differs from E. truculentus (redescribed below) in having connexivum of each segment alternating with light and dark bands both ventrally and dorsally (Figs. 8, 9).
Published as part of Malipatil, M. B., Liu, Yingqi & Cai, Wanzhi, 2023, Revision of Australian Ectomocoris with the description of nine new species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae), pp. 451-504 in Zootaxa 5263 (4) on pages 463-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7835813
{"references":["Stal, C. (1863) Formae speciesque novae reduviidum. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 4, 25 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.1863.11755426","Stal, C. (1867) Bidrag till Reduviidernas kannendom. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 23, 235 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61897","Walker, F. (1873) Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part VII. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 213 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9254","Distant, W. L. (1902) Rhynchotal notes. - XV. Heteroptera: Family Reduviidae (continued), Piratinae, and Ectrichodiinae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 10, 282 - 295.","Stal, C. (1874) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en f ˆ rteckning ˆ fver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 4. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 12 (1), 1 - 186.","Lethierry, L. F. & Severin, G. (1896) Catalogue General des Hemipteres. Vol. III. Friedlader & fils, Musee Royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique, Bruxelles, 275 pp.","Maldonado, J. C. (1990) Systematic Catalogue of the Reduviidae of the World (Insecta: Heteroptera). A special edition of Caribbean Journal of Science, Mayag ¸ ez, 694 pp.","Cassis, G. & Gross, G. F. (1995) Hemiptera: Heteroptera (Coleorrhyncha to Cimicomorpha). In: Houston, W. W. K. & Maynard, G. V. (Eds.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 27.3 A. CSIRO Australia, Melbourne, pp. i - xv + 1 - 506."]}

Hemiptera, Ectomocoris ornatus, Insecta, Ectomocoris, Arthropoda, Animalia, Biodiversity, Reduviidae, and Taxonomy

Ectomocoris ornatus (Stål, 1863) (Figs. 26–29) Pirates ornatus Stål, 1863: 57. Callisphodrus ornatus: Stål (1867: 258). Callisphodrus patricius Stål, 1867: 258. New synonymy. Pirates patricius: Walker (1873: 127). Eumerus (Callisphodrus) ornatus: Stål (1874: 62). Eumerus (Callisphodrus) patricius: Stål (1874: 62). Ectomocoris ornatus: Lethierry & Severin (1896: 122); Bergroth (1912: 346) (record of apterous female); Maldonado (1990: 355). Ectomocoris patricius: Lethierry & Severin (1896: 123); Maldonado (1990: 355). Type specimens examined. Lectotype (present designation), macropterous male, (lectotype circular label added in present study), 58·124 Australia, ornatus Stål, NHMUK 013586045 (NHM); Lectotype (present designation), Callisphodrus patricius Stål, 1867, micropterous male, Typus, australia boreal., Thorey, patricius Stål, NHRSGULI 000000110 (NHRS). Other specimens examined. [Ma-macropterouos; Mi-micropterous] 1 male Ma, N. Holland., Pirates ornatus Walker’s Catal., Ent. Club. 44.12. (NHM); 1 female Mi, 58: 124 Australia., Pirates ornatus. Walker’s Catal. (NHM); 1 male Mi, 1 female Mi, australia, Pres. by Perth Museum. B. M. 1953-629. (NHM); 1 female Mi, Australia, NHRS-GULI 000008096 (NHRS). QUEENSLAND. 1 male Ma, Cairns, 20.iv.1905, H. Hacker, WW Froggatt Coll. (ANIC); 1 female Ma, Cairns (QM); 1 female Ma, Acacia Ridge, Brisbane, xi.1978, E.C. Dahms (QM); 1 female Ma, Moreton is., ix.1982 (QM); 1 male Ma, “Camp Milo” Cooloola, 17-28.viii.1970, E.C. Dahms (QM); 1 male Ma, Cooloola, to light, 17-28.viii.1970, E.C. Dahms (QM); 2 males Ma, Brookfield, 20.ix.1977, P. Sedlacek (QM); 1 male Ma, Brookfield, 16.x.1972 (QM); 1 male Ma, Brisbane, 4.x.1928 (QM); 1 female Ma, Ayr, 1.iv.1956, G. Saunders (QM); 1 male Mi, Acacia ridge, Brisbane, 31.i.1966, E.C. Dahms (QM); 1 male Mi, Caboolture, 22.i.1959, J. Sanderson (QM); 1 female Ma, Wolfdene, 27 47S 153.11 E, 13.viii.1988, A.E. DeJong (WAM); 1 female Mi, Moreton Bay 57 130, Pirates ornatus Walker’s Catal. (NHM); 1 female Mi, Brisbane: H. Hacker. 17/6/11, 68, Queensland Mus. R. Hamlyn Harris. R. Hamlyn Harris. 1914-202. (NHM); 1 female Mi, Australia North Queensl Brit. Mus. 1942-95. (NHM); 1 female Ma, Stradbroke Is., 20.ix.1954, A.N.B. (MV); 1 male Mi, Emu Vale area, i.1941, S. Henry (MV). NEW SOUTH WALES. 1 male Ma, Sydney, N. S. W. 1900-1903. J. J. Walker. 1910-384. (NHM); 1 female Mi, Sydney, N. S. W. 1900-1903. J. J. Walker. 1910-384. (NHM); 1 male Ma, Blackheath, 24- 27.i.1948, R. T. M.P. & A.N.B. (MV); 1 male Ma, 35 30S 150 34E GPS, Bawley Point, 21-23.ix.2000, D.C.F. Rentz (ANIC); 1 male Ma, Pigeon House Range, Nerriga Nowra Road, 1-3.xii.1937, F.N. Radcliffe (ANIC); 1 male Ma, Heathcote NP, 34 07S 150 57E, 19.v.1991 Tom Gush (ANIC); 1 male Ma, Mandalong, 33 11S 151 23E, 17.vi.1990, Tom Gush (ANIC); 1 male Ma, Uralla, 2.i.1990, L. & S. O’Donnell (ANIC); 1 female Ma, Olney State Forest, 33 08S 151 24E, 30.vi.1990, Tom Gush (ANIC); 1 male Ma, “ Pirates ornatus N. S. Wales ”, “Named by F. Walker 1873 ” (MV); 1 male Ma, N S Wales (MV). AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY. 1 female Mi, Canberra, 19.iii.1962, E.F. Reik (ANIC). Redescription. Macropterous male (Fig. 26) Colouration (Fig. 26): Generally bi-coloured, head, pronotum, scutellum, thoracic pleura, extreme base and most of posterior area of abdominal venter and dorsum black with bluish tinge particularly on ventral aspect. Abdomen with entire segments II & III and adjoining part of IV, connexiva with anterior area one third to half of segments IV–VI and entire connexivum of VII brownish yellow. Antennae, labium and legs generally orange (except coxal bases black and often distal third to half of hind femur and occasionally also entire hind tibia fuscous brown). Hemelytra orange except clavus and inner narrow area of corium adjoining distal 2/3 length of clavus fuscous; membrane fuscous except one whitish spot located on basal area of AIC and extreme apical area paler. Abdomen with basal areas of connexiva of IV-VI narrowly fuscous. Scutellum and pronotum shiny smooth. Head and body including abdomen generally covered with fine short pubescence, with sparse longer bristles obvious on appendages. Structure (Figs. 26–29): Body medium to large, elongate. Head: elongate fusiform, wholly covered with short whitish pilosity and sparse longer bristly setae prominent on mandibular plates, dorsal aspect of head and between eyes, and on dorsal aspect of first labial segment. Anteocular region elongate triangular, clypeus near its base slightly elevated knobbed above mandibular plates. Interocular region with arcuate convex sulcus at posterior border of eyes, and with a small median pit. Postocular region gradually rounded to neck. Ventral surface of head tumid before eyes. Ocellar tubercle distinct. Antennae with all segments cylindrical, with short whitish pilosity and sparse longer setae. Scape thickest, pedicel thinner towards distal end, then basi-and distiflagellum thinnest. Eyes moderately large, reniform, not reaching ventral margin in lateral view. Ocelli large, conspicuously raised, separated from each other by less than diameter of single ocellus, separated from eye by about similar distance. Labium with second and third visible segments sparsely covered with longish setae. Thorax: Anterior lobe of pronotum with collar armed with rounded and obvious tubercles at lateral ends, integument smooth, sulci indistinct, except shallow middle long sulcus in basal half. Posterior pronotal lobe short, arcuately quadrate, integument finely rugulose, with short pilosity, humeri rounded, posterior margin almost smoothly rounded, posterior angles not developed. Scutellum with disc slightly depressed, sides carinate, integument pilose, armed with strongly pointed and upwardly projected apex. Meso-and metanotum generally also rugulose carinate not smooth. Propleuron with integument faintly granulate but not smooth, pilose, set off from dorsal surface by a carina. Mesopleuron integument minutely granulate, sparsely pilose. Metapleuron with integument more distinctly granulate but granules not striate, metapleural sulcus distinctly bicarinate and curved, pilose with silvery dense hairs posteriorly. All sternites more or less smooth, moderately pilose. Pronotum densely pilose laterad of labial groove. Mesosternum with disc raised, metasternum with disc more or less tumid. Legs: Fore leg with coxa contiguous, with whitish pilosity; trochanter unarmed, sparsely hairy; femur strongly fusiform, greatly incrassate near base narrowing distally, much thicker than other femora, armed below with rows of bristly setae, in addition sparsely pilose laterally and above; tibia cylindrical, more or less straight but apex slightly reflexed, fossula spongiosa occupying about half of tibial length; tarsi with denser short pilosity ventrally. Mid leg with coxa globular, femur only slightly thickened, tibia with short whitish pilosity for whole length, with fossula spongiosa slightly less than half its length. Hind leg with femur cylindrical, not at all thickened, tibia with brush of seta, denser at apex. Abdomen: Dorsally elongate oval, sternum weakly carinate in midline (Fig. 26C), smooth with sparse longer hairs in addition to pilosity, sternite VII without extragenital structure. Connexivum with golden pilosity as elsewhere on sternum, abdominal sterna and terga entire. Spiracles situated below connexival suture, about halfway between anterior and posterior margin of each segment. Each spiracle postero-ventrally with indistinct small oval shiny impressed spot, also a smaller and irregularly shaped impressed spot close to anterior margin of each abdomen sternum. These spots present on corresponding segments on dorsum also but are of similar size. Hemelytra slightly exceeding abdomen and narrowly exposing connexivum. Male genitalia (Fig. 29): Median pygophore process long (Fig. 29A–C), curved in caudal view (Fig. 29B), apex sharp in caudal view (Fig. 29B) but blunt in lateral view (Fig. 29C), ventral surface with a longitudinal ridge, without knobs near base (Fig. 29B&C). Parameres broad, subtriangular, inner margins slightly curved (Fig. 29D&E), apical half of right paramere (Fig. 29E) much broader than left paramere (Fig. 29D). Phallus (Fig. 29F–I) in resting condition with basal plate bridge slightly longer than basal plate (Fig. 29F), pedicel slightly curved, almost as long as basal plate (Fig. 29H&I). Dorsal phallothecal sclerite curved, apex blunt (Fig. 29F, H&I); lateral phallothecal sclerite somewhat rectangle with a small sharp process at basal portion of inner margin (Fig. 29I). Micropterous male and female (Figs. 27, 28) Differs from macropterous form as follows. Head, thorax, bases of coxae, abdomen generally black (with bluish tinge conspicuous in female), with yellowish orange as follows: bases of abdominal second and third segments ventrally and dorsally except fuscous narrow median areas, connexiva both dorsally and ventrally (including narrow adjoining areas of sternites), legs, antennae and labium also yellowish, dorsally abdomen appears with three distinct black and yellow connvexival bands on tergites IV–VI. In female, colouration same as male except antennae slightly darker in some individuals. Posterior one third of hind femur vaguely fuscous in some individuals. Ocellar tubercle and ocelli obsolete, ocelli indistinct and appearing as shiny cuticular areas in female. Head surface above with sparse granules. Thoracic pleural integument with fine granules becoming more distinct and denser towards metapleura. Scutellum greatly modified; lateral carina indistinct, also apical process highly reduced to upwardly directed short fine point. Hemelytral flaps extremely reduced, extending to about 2/3 length of scutellum in male, extending to about one third basal length of scutellum in female. Scutellar area, pronotum and other black areas shiny smooth. Dorsum of abdomen with three small scent gland scars of subequal width on terga III–IV, IV–V and V–VI (Figs. 27A, 28A). Measurements: [of lectotype macropterous male of Pirates ornatus when available, followed by ranges of two macropterous males, one micropterous male and ranges of six micropterous females]. Body length 18.19, 17.27–18.32 (♁, Ma), 17.29 (♁, Mi), 18.65–20.13 (♀); maximum width of abdomen 4.42, 4.05–4.65 (♁, Ma), 4.80 (♁, Mi), 6.07–6.87 (♀); length of head 2.70, 2.51–2.56 (♁, Ma), 2.59 (♁, Mi), 2.82–3.00 (♀); width of head 1.98, 1.72–1.78 (♁, Ma), 1.63 (♁, Mi), 1.79–2.03 (♀); length of anteocular part 1.28–1.29 (♁, Ma), 1.28 (♁, Mi), 1.48–1.51 (♀); length of postocular part 0.48–0.51 (♁, Ma), 0.43 (♁, Mi), 0.55–0.57 (♀); width of eye in dorsal view 0.62–0.71 (♁, Ma), 0.66 (♁, Mi), 0.58–0.62 (♀); width of interocular space 0.58, 0.34–0.42 (♁, Ma), 0.40 (♁, Mi), 0.60–0.69 (♀); width of interocellar space 0.13, 0.11–0.12 (♁, Ma), 0.21 (♁, Mi), 0.20–0.23 (♀); lengths of antennal segments I–IV 1.62, 1.34–1.49 (♁, Ma), 1.40 (♁, Mi), 1.53–1.59 (♀) /4.23, 3.95–? (♁, Ma), 3.39 (♁, Mi), 3.23–3.44 (♀) / 3.96, 3.61–? (♁, Ma), 3.21 (♁, Mi),?–? (♀) /?–? (♁, Ma), 2.72 (♁, Mi),?–? (♀); length of visible labial segments I–III 0.91–0.98 (♁, Ma), 1.07 (♁, Mi), 1.16–1.26 (♀) /1.80–? (♁, Ma), 1.80 (♁, Mi), 2.10–2.20 (♀) /1.17–? (♁, Ma), 1.10 (♁, Mi), 1.22–1.51 (♀); length of pronotum 4.05, 3.49–3.60 (♁, Ma), 3.71 (♁, Mi), 3.70–4.12 (♀); length of anterior pronotal lobe 2.12–2.20 (♁, Ma), 2.61 (♁, Mi), 2.90–3.20 (♀); length of posterior pronotal lobe 1.38–1.40 (♁, Ma), 1.10 (♁, Mi), 0.80–0.91 (♀); width of anterior pronotal lobe 2.33–2.34 (♁, Ma), 2.57 (♁, Mi), 3.01–3.41 (♀); width of posterior pronotal lobe 4.14, 3.69–3.87 (♁, Ma), 3.11 (♁, Mi), 2.72–3.40 (♀); length of scutellum 1.89, 1.80–2.15 (♁, Ma), 1.40 (♁, Mi), 1.23–1.68 (♀); maximum width of scutellum 2.07, 2.48–2.49 (♁, Ma), 1.54 (♁, Mi), 2.27–2.60 (♀); length of hemelytra 13.70, 12.43–12.89 (♁, Ma), 1.75 (♁, Mi). Distribution. Australia (Queensland, New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory, and also Victoria (Cassis & Gross, 1995)). Notes. Stål (1867) recorded that the sex of the examined specimen of Callisphodrus patricius was female, but the type deposited in the NHRS, matching the original information, is a micropterous male, and we designate this type specimen as the lectotype (Fig. 27), presumably were female syntypes that could not be located during this study. The lectotype micropterous male of C. patricius, with the data listed under the types examined above was examined during the present study. It matched very well with the macropterous specimens listed above in all major characters including the male genitalia, except of course in the macropterous form of the hemelytra. Therefore, this species has been in the present study synonymised with E. ornatus (Stål, 1863). The latter species as is recognised in the present study occurs as both macropterous and micropterous forms in the male, but only as micropterous in the female.
Published as part of Malipatil, M. B., Liu, Yingqi & Cai, Wanzhi, 2023, Revision of Australian Ectomocoris with the description of nine new species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae), pp. 451-504 in Zootaxa 5263 (4) on pages 488-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7835813
{"references":["Stal, C. (1863) Formae speciesque novae reduviidum. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 4, 25 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.1863.11755426","Stal, C. (1867) Bidrag till Reduviidernas kannendom. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 23, 235 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61897","Walker, F. (1873) Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part VII. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 213 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9254","Stal, C. (1874) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en f ˆ rteckning ˆ fver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 4. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 12 (1), 1 - 186.","Lethierry, L. F. & Severin, G. (1896) Catalogue General des Hemipteres. Vol. III. Friedlader & fils, Musee Royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique, Bruxelles, 275 pp.","Bergroth, E. (1912) New or little known Hemiptera, chiefly from Australia, in the American Museum of Natural History. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 31, 343 - 348.","Maldonado, J. C. (1990) Systematic Catalogue of the Reduviidae of the World (Insecta: Heteroptera). A special edition of Caribbean Journal of Science, Mayag ¸ ez, 694 pp.","Cassis, G. & Gross, G. F. (1995) Hemiptera: Heteroptera (Coleorrhyncha to Cimicomorpha). In: Houston, W. W. K. & Maynard, G. V. (Eds.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 27.3 A. CSIRO Australia, Melbourne, pp. i - xv + 1 - 506."]}

Hemiptera, Insecta, Ectomocoris, Arthropoda, Animalia, Biodiversity, Ectomocoris truculentus, Reduviidae, and Taxonomy

Ectomocoris truculentus (Stål, 1863) (Figs. 32–34) Pirates truculentus Stål, 1863: 56. Callisphodrus truculentus: Stål (1867: 258). Pirates truculentus: Stål (1874: 63). Ectomocoris (Eumerus) fasciola Reuter, 1881: 315. Synonymized by Distant (1902: 283). Ectomocoris truculentus: Lethierry & Severin (1896: 123); Maldonado (1990: 357). Type specimen examined. Lectotype (present designation), brachypterous female, (lectotype circular label added in present study), Type, 58: 124 Australia., truculentus Stål., 102. Pirates truculentus, NHMUK 013586020 (NHM). Other specimens examined. [all macropterous]. AUSTRALIA. 1 female, Distant Coll. 1911-383. (NHM); 1 female, Australia. 95-64. (NHM); QUEENSLAND. 1 male, truculentus Stål, Peak-Downs, Distant Coll. 1911 - 383 (NHM); 2 males, “ Morney ” 120 km W of Windorah, 24.ix.1986, G.B. Monteith (QM); 1 male, Mt Moffatt N.P., Dargonelly Rockhole, 20-27.ix.1986, Monteith, Yeates & Thompson (QM); 1 male, same except Top Shelter Shed, 100 m, 10-12.xii.1987 (QM); 1 male, Birdsville, 10.i.1956, I.G. Filmer (QM); 1 female, Mitchell, ix.1991 (QM); 1 female, 5 ml NE of Noccundra, 3.iii.1965, L.J. Chinnick (ANIC); 1 male, Yeppoon, 17.xii.1964, I.F.B. Common (ANIC); 1 female, Amby, 22-27.xi.1979, H.E. & M.A. Evans & A. Hook (QM); 1 female, Black River nr Townsville, 6.iii.1991, T. Woodger (VAIC); 2 males, 2 females, Selwyn Mine, 150 km SE of Mt Isa, 7-14.iii.1991, T. Woodger (VAIC); 3 males, Queensland (MV). NEW SOUTH WALES. 1 female, at light, Cabramatta, New South Wales. 16: 11: 1927 M. I. Nikitin, Brit. Mus. 1959-57 (NHM); 1 female, Cabramatta 15/ 20-1-1959 B.M. 1959-57. M.I. Nikitin, Ectomocoris truculentus Stål M. Cook det. 1973 (NHM); 1 male, N. S. Wales. Hay WWP 5-2 1914, Ectomocoris truculentus Stål M. Cook det. 1973 (NHM); 2 males, Trangie Exp. Sta., 4 mls NNW of Trangie, at light, 13.xi.1968, R. C. Lewis (ANIC); 1 female, Deniliquin, 28.iii.1963, G. K. Browne (ANIC); 2 females, Macquarie Marshes, Longstowe Station nr Carinda, UV light trap, 10-12.iii.2002, leg. K.&G. Hangay (ANIC); 1 male, Matakana-Euabalong area, UV light trap, 19-22.xii.2002, leg. K.&G. Hangay (ANIC); 1 female, Sydney Box Hill, UV light, 26.xi.1994, A. Sundholm (ANIC); 1 male, Bogan R., J. Armstrong (ANIC); 1 female, New South Wales (MV). AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY. 1 male, 1 female, CSIRO, Black Mtn, 28.xii.1967, I.F.B. Common (ANIC). VICTORIA: 1 female, Australia: Victoria., Pres. By Imp. Bur. Ent. Brit. Mus. 1925-274., Pirates truculentus St. Det. B. Uvarov. (NHM); 1 male, Hattah, Mallee, 3.14, “ J.E. Dixon Collection. Don. Jan 1940 ” (MV); 1 female, Lake Hattah, J.E. Dixon, “ J.E. Dixon Collection Don. Jan 1940 ” (MV); 1 male, Ovens Vale, 23.xi.27, J. R. Brown (MV); 1 female, Ouyen, Mallee Dist. (MV); 1 male, Invergordon, S.S. 2076, 2.iv.14, Educ. Dept, stabs very badly when handled (MV); 1 male, Tawonga to Mt Fainter, 4000 ft, i. 1928, F.E.Wilson (MV); 1 female, Dooen, at light, 27.xii.1990, I.G. Faithfull (VAIC); 1 male, 1 female, Horsham, MV light in field pea, 22.xi.1991 (VAIC). SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 1 male, Australia. H. J. Hillier 1906-232. Killalpanima, 100 miles E. of L. Eyre (NHM); 1 male, 1 female, Killalpanima, 100 miles E of L. Eyre, “ Australia, H.J. Hillier, 1905-232” (ANIC); 1 female, S. Australia, “ From C. French, 15.11.11” (MV). NORTHERN TERRITORY. 1 female, Hermannsburg, Central Australia. H. J. Nillier. 1911-311., Ectomocoris truculentus Stål M. Cook det. 1973 (NHM); 1 female, Wildman River cashew plantation, black light, 19.ii.1990, W. Houston (VAIC); 1 female, 23.44S 133.44E, Temple Bar Gap, 15 km W by S of Alice Springs, 7.xi.1979, T. Weir (ANIC). WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 1 female, South Perth, 22.iv.1965, M.L. Davey (WAM); 1 female, Rottnest Is., 24.iii.1965, L.E. Koch leg. (WAM); 1 male, 107 mls SSE of Carnarvon, 21.iv.1968, I.F.B. Common & M.S. Upton (ANIC); 1 male, 1 female, 1 km NNE of Millstream, 24.x.1970, M.S. Upton & J. Freehan (ANIC); 1 female, 7 km E of Wuraga, xi.1981, K.&E. Carnaby (ANIC); 1 male, 31 23S 115 56, Ealong Lennard Brook, Gingin, 27.iii.1990, M. Horak (ANIC); 1 male, Coolgardie, From C. French Jun. 15.11.11 (MV); 1 male, Derby, 24.ix.1962, G. Beamish (WAM); 1 female, Glen Forrest, 27.iv.1973, S.M. Wade (WAM); 1 female, Dumbleyung, 27.iii.1967, H. Udell. Leg (WAM); 1 female, Geraldton, 24.iv.1976, L. Smith (WAM); 1 female, Mt Tom Price, viii.1973, R. P. McMillan (WAM); 1 female, Ord River Pondage Weir, Kununurra, 21.ix.1979, J. Blyth (MV). Redescription. Macropterous male and female (Fig. 33) Colouration (Fig. 33): Black. Antennae, labium and legs (except coxae black) orange; hemelytra with clavus blackish brown, corium orange except a patch near inner angle area adjoining posterior half length of clavus blackish brown, membrane blackish brown with apical portion slightly paler, AIC with a transverse white oval spot in middle; connexivum orange red. Structure (Figs. 33, 34): Head: Elongate fusiform, wholly covered with short whitish pilosity and sparse brown longer bristly setae prominent on mandibular plates and dorsum of head. Anteocular region elongate triangular, about 2.6 times as long as postocular region, postocular region almost rounded to neck and slightly protruding laterally, clypeus near its base slightly elevated above surface. Ventral surface of head tumid before eyes. Neck with lateral tubercles indistinct. Antennae with all segments cylindrical, with short pilosity and sparse longer setae, scape also with brown bristly scattered setae. Scape thickest, pedicel thinner and markedly longer than scape, both basi-and distiflagellum thinnest. Eyes moderately developed, reniform, not reaching ventral margin in lateral view. Ocelli small, slightly raised, separated from each other by about diameter of single ocellus, separated from eye by less than diameter of single ocellus. Labium curved at base, second visible segment tumid narrowing distally, second and third sparsely covered with longish setae. Thorax: Anterior lobe of pronotum about 2.9 times as long as posterior lobe, collar armed with rounded tubercles at lateral ends, integument of stripes on anterior lobe pilose and rough, sulci indistinct, except shallow middle long sulcus in basal half. Posterior pronotal lobe arcuately quadrate, integument finely rugulose, with short pilosity, humeri rounded, posterior margin almost smoothly rounded. Scutellum triangular, slightly wider than long, disc deeply depressed, sides carinate, integument pilose, apical process projected and short, pointed horizontal, apex covered with several bristles. Propleuron with integument very finely granulate, smoothly pilose, set off from dorsal surface by a carina. Mesopleuron integument also granulate, smoothly pilose. Metapleuron with integument with slightly more distinctly and uniformly granulate, pilose with silvery dense hairs posteriorly. All sternites moderately pilose. Pronotum densely pilose laterad of labial groove. Metasternum with disc more or less tumid. Macropterous, hemelytra reaching almost tip of abdomen in males but ending slightly before tip of abdomen in females, fully exposing connexiva. Legs: Fore leg with coxa with whitish pilosity, trochanter unarmed, sparsely hairy, femur armed below with rows of fine bristly setae, in addition sparsely pilose laterally and above, tibia cylindrical, more or less straight but apex slightly reflexed, fossula spongiosa occupying almost entire tibial length, tarsi three segmented, cylindrical, denser short pilosity ventrally. Mid leg with coxa globular, femur only slightly thickened, tibia with short whitish pilosity for whole length, with fossula spongiosa occupying almost entire tibial length, other details as for fore legs. Hind leg with femur cylindrical, scarcely thickened, tibia with brush of setae, denser at apex. Abdomen: Male with abdominal sternum medially not carinate, extragenital structure on sternite VII absent, venter with bristly posteriorly directed setae in addition to golden pilosity. Connexivum with golden pilosity as elsewhere on sternum. Abdominal sterna and terga entire. Spiracles situated near connexival suture, about halfway between anterior and posterior margin of each segment. Each spiracle postero-ventrally with a small circular shiny impressed spot, also a smaller irregularly shaped impressed spot close to anterior margin of each sternite. Such impressed spots present also on dorsal aspects of corresponding segments but are covered by hemelytra. Female with abdominal sternum pilose as in male, intersegmental sutures strongly curved anteromedially, all visible sterna appearing narrower medially except VII very enlarged (Fig. 33C). Male genitalia (Fig. 34): Median pygophore process short, straight and oblique to right side in caudal view (Fig. 34B), apex sharp, ventral surface with a longitudinal ridge, basal part with paired pointed knobs (Fig. 34B&C). Parameres curved, paddle shaped (Fig. 34D&E), left paramere (Fig. 34D) slightly narrower than right paramere (Fig. 34E). Phallus (Fig. 34F–I) in resting position with basal plate bridge slightly longer than basal plate (Fig. 34F); dorsal phallothecal sclerite curved (Fig. 34H&I), lateral phallothecal sclerite with two distinct processes at basal half of inner margin, upper one sharp and lower one right-angled (Fig. 34I). Brachypterous female (Fig. 32) Colour pattern similar to macropterous, except hemelytra without whitish spot; abdominal tergites orangish brown, sternites blackish brown; connexivum orange red. Differs from macropterous male in anteocular part of head about 3.2 times as long as postocular part. Anterior lobe of pronotum about 3.7 times as long as posterior lobe. Hemelytra only reaching base of second abdominal tergite. Measurements: [of lectotype brachypterous female of Pirates truculentus when available, followed by those of one macropterous male and ranges of six macropterous females]. Body length 18.53, 15.90 (♁), 17.85–18.67 (♀); maximum width of abdomen 5.78, 4.08 (♁), 5.40–5.49 (♀); length of head 3.42, 2.30 (♁), 2.32–2.53 (♀); width of head across eyes 1.80, 1.51 (♁), 1.63–1.71 (♀); length of anteocular part 1.17 (♁), 1.23–1.34 (♀); length of postocular part 0.48 (♁), 0.39–0.48 (♀); width of eye in dorsal view 0.43 (♁), 0.40–0.45 (♀); width of interocular space 0.90, 0.66 (♁), 0.76–0.79 (♀); width of interocellar space 0.45, 0.22 (♁), 0.31–0.32 (♀); lengths of antennal segments I–IV 1.80, 1.59 (♁), 1.68–1.94 (♀) / 3.60, 3.46 (♁), 3.18–3.65 (♀) / 3.04 (♁),?–? (♀) / 2.78 (♁),?–? (♀); lengths of visible labial segments I–III 0.90 (♁), 0.90–0.99 (♀) / 1.61 (♁), 1.89–1.92 (♀) / 1.61 (♁), 1.89–1.92 (♀); length of pronotum 4.77, 4.19 (♁), 3.99–4.60 (♀); length of anterior pronotal lobe 3.10 (♁), 3.15–3.45 (♀); length of posterior pronotal lobe 1.08 (♁), 0.85–1.16 (♀); width of anterior pronotal lobe 2.98 (♁), 3.24–3.35 (♀); width of posterior pronotal lobe 4.23, 3.88 (♁), 3.77–4.30 (♀); length of scutellum 1.80, 1.69 (♁), 1.71–2.01 (♀); maximum width of scutellum 1.71, 2.04 (♁), 1.72–2.21 (♀); length of hemelytra 4.32, 10.20 (♁), 10.11 (macropterous) (♀). Distribution. Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, South Australia, Northern Territory and Western Australia). Notes. This species can be readily distinguished by the connexivum that is dorsally and ventrally uniformly orange red (without any light / dark bands) in both macropterous and brachypterous forms (Figs. 32, 33), also the base of the abdomen dorsally and ventrally not contrastingly pale compared to the remainder of the abdomen (Figs. 32, 33).
Published as part of Malipatil, M. B., Liu, Yingqi & Cai, Wanzhi, 2023, Revision of Australian Ectomocoris with the description of nine new species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae), pp. 451-504 in Zootaxa 5263 (4) on pages 497-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7835813
{"references":["Stal, C. (1863) Formae speciesque novae reduviidum. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 4, 25 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.1863.11755426","Stal, C. (1867) Bidrag till Reduviidernas kannendom. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 23, 235 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61897","Stal, C. (1874) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en f ˆ rteckning ˆ fver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 4. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 12 (1), 1 - 186.","Reuter, O. M. (1881) Ad cognitionem Reduviidarum mundi antique. Unknown publisher, 71 pp. [also published in Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae, 1883 (12), 269 - 339]","Distant, W. L. (1902) Rhynchotal notes. - XV. Heteroptera: Family Reduviidae (continued), Piratinae, and Ectrichodiinae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 10, 282 - 295.","Lethierry, L. F. & Severin, G. (1896) Catalogue General des Hemipteres. Vol. III. Friedlader & fils, Musee Royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique, Bruxelles, 275 pp.","Maldonado, J. C. (1990) Systematic Catalogue of the Reduviidae of the World (Insecta: Heteroptera). A special edition of Caribbean Journal of Science, Mayag ¸ ez, 694 pp."]}

Hemiptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Pentatomidae, Animalia, Biodiversity, Glyphuchus, and Taxonomy

Glyphuchus Stål, 1860 (figs. 1–3) Glyphuchus Stål, 1860: 16; Stål, 1872: 12; Kirkaldy, 1909: 221; Petrulevičius & Popov, 2014: 28, 29; Kment & Garbelotto, 2016: 207; Grazia et al., 2023. Type species. Glyphuchus sculpturatus Stål, 1860, by monotypy. Diagnosis. Glyphuchus can be recognized by its curved, swollen labrum, head longer than wider, with a short acute preocular projection, pronotum with flattened, lateral expansions and a small projection in the anterolateral angles, and abdominal segments with serrated aspect, pronounced laterally. Redescription. General morphology and color. Body oval, longer than wide. General body color mostly green when alive (fig. 1), mottled, with markings varying from dark brown to black on head, pronotum, scutellum, hemelytra, and connexival segments; scutellum with 1+1 yellowish calli on either side of disk and four spots of same color on pronotal cicatrices. Preserved specimens (figs. 2, 3) green-yellowish; dark and yellowish markings present. Head. Subrectangular, longer than wide, with dark punctures scattered throughout; eyes rounded, globose, ocelli closer to eyes than to each other.Acute preocular projection present, not exceeding half the length of scape.Mandibular plates longer than clypeus, convex in outline, apices rounded, contiguous in front of clypeus. Labrum large, thick, strongly curved forward (fig. 3D). Bucculae elevated, rounded anteriorly and posteriorly, widened posteriorly, much shorter than rostral segment I. Rostrum reaching base of abdominal segment III (2 nd visible segment). Antennae 5-segmented, segments I-III cylindrical, segment IV claviform, segment V fusiform. Antennal segment I shorter than mandibular plates. Antennal segments I and II yellowish with black dots, antennal segment III dark brown at basal two thirds and lighter at apex, segment IV dark brown, segment V basally yellow and apically dark brown. Thorax. Pronotum subrectangular, declivent anteriorly (fig. 3D), laterally expanded (expansions flattened); anterior angles projecting acutely laterad, lateral margins sinuate. Transversal line behind the cicatrices of pronotum elevated (fig. 3D), with four light spots (fig. 2A) slightly elevated. Scutellum long, reaching almost to apex of abdominal segment VI (fig. 3A), with lighter outlines in the lateral margins of the frenal lobe. Scutellar fovea depressed, scutellar disk more elevated than the postfrenal lobe. Apical margins of scutellum elevated on both sides, but not in the middle. Mesosternum slightly depressed medially, metasternum flat, hexagonal. Spout-like peritreme short, not reaching middle width of evaporatorium (fig. 3B, per). Hemelytra. Lateral margins convex, longer than scutellum. Dark punctures scattered across coria, forming three dark patches on each corium: one near the scutellar fovea, one in the middle of corium, and one at apex of the radial vein. Membrane short, not reaching the apex of connexival segment VII, darker in live specimen. Legs. Yellow in preserved specimens, with many large brown dots on femora and tibiae. Forecoxae much closer to each other than middle and hindcoxae. Tibia strongly sulcate, excavated dorsally. Femora with a subapical dark brown annulus. Tarsi 3-segmented, middle segment shortest, apical segment longer than basal; middle and apical segments dorsally yellow, ventrally apex of middle segment and apical segment dark brown. Claws dark brown with yellowish base. Abdomen. Spiracles II partially concealed by metaepimeron, spiracles III–VII oval with black outline. Abdominal venter light yellow with many dark scattered punctures, most of which bear a thick brownish seta; middle portion of venter almost unpunctured. Middle of sternite VII with a dark brown longitudinal patch, occupying the whole sternite length in male, and restricted to a small anterior semilunar area in female. Sternites III–VII projected laterally, serrated. Connexival segments III–VII yellow, with black markings on anterior and posterior portions; same color pattern on lateral margins of sternites. In male, abdominal segment VIII (fig. 2D, VIII) bearing spiracles VIII, these circular with black outline (fig. 2D, sp), smaller than spiracles III–VII. Male genitalia. (figs. 2C–E) Genital capsule subquadrangular, laterally sinuous. Dorsal rim (dr) concave, darker than adjacent dorsal area; posterolateral angles (pla) strongly projected posteriorly, apically rounded, slightly sinuous in posterior view (fig. 2C). Ventral rim (vr) with deep, U-shaped, median excavation, presenting brownish bristles along the rim (figs. 2D, E). Segment X (X) longer than wide, projected posteriorly but not reaching apex of posterolateral angles. Parameres (par) apically dark, acute, not projecting beyond posterolateral angles. Female genital plates. (fig. 3C) Valvifers 8 (vf8) trapezoidal, base larger than apex, mesially contiguous from base to apex.Apical portion of valvifers 8 almost straight, angulated to each other, edges rounded. Laterotergites 8 (lt8) triangular, apically rounded, shaped like apical portion of sternites III–VII. Laterotergites 9 (lt9) small, barely exceeding the mediotergite 8, contiguous for half of their length; apically rounded. Valvifers 9 and segment X not visible. Distribution. Brazil (Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia [National Park]).
Published as part of López, Guilherme E. L., Carrenho, Renan & Schwertner, Cristiano F., 2023, Over 170 years later: redescription of the genus Glyphuchus Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Discocephalinae), with the first description of the male, pp. 401-410 in Zootaxa 5263 (3) on pages 402-406, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7804347
{"references":["Stal, C. (1860) Bidrag till Rio Janeiro-Traktens Hemipter-Fauna. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 2, 1 - 84.","Stal, C. (1872) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en f ˆ rteckning ˆ fver alla hittels kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 2. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 10 (4), 1 - 159.","Kirkaldy, G. (1909) Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera). V. I: Cimicidae. Felix L. Dames, Berlin, xl + 392 pp.","Petrulevicius, J. F. & Popov, Y. A. (2014) First fossil record of Discocephalinae (Insecta. Pentatomidae): a new genus from the middle Eocene of Rio Pichileufu, Patagonia, Argentina. Zookeys, 422, 23 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 422.6750","Kment, P. & Garbelotto, T. A. (2016) Discimita linnavuorii, a new genus and species of Afrotropical Pentatominae resembling neotropical discocephalinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Entomologica Americana, 122 (1 - 2), 199 - 211. https: // doi. org / 10.1664 / 15 - RA- 029 R","Grazia, J., Campos, L. A., Fernandes, J. A. M., Schwertner, C. F., Garbelotto, T. A., Roell, T. & Barros, L. D. (2023) Pentatomidae in Catalogo Taxonomico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available from: http: // fauna. jbrj. gov. br / fauna / faunadobrasil / 2212 (accessed 14 February 2023)"]}

Insect Science, Research, and General Medicine

Stink bugs, including Halyomorpha halys (Stål) and Nezara viridula (L.), are agricultural pests that feed on fruit in a variety of crops. Monitoring predation and parasitism of stink bug egg masses furthers our understanding of potential biological control tactics. However, best practices for laboratory and field assessments of parasitism and predation of egg masses require further attention. We carried out a series of laboratory and field experiments to test whether parasitism and predation for three types of sentinel H. halys egg masses, fresh, frozen, and refrigerated, varied in agricultural commodities. In addition, we asked if predation and parasitism differed between sentinel and naturally occurring H. halys and N. viridula egg masses in soybean. In the laboratory, more H. halys eggs were parasitized by Trissolcus euschisti (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) if they were frozen or refrigerated compared to fresh eggs. Similarly, in the field, parasitism was higher for frozen egg masses than fresh. In 2018 and 2019, H. halys natural egg masses had higher parasitism and lower predation compared to sentinel egg masses in soybean. In a paired field test during 2020 and 2021, there was no difference in parasitism between H. halys natural and sentinel eggs, but much higher incidence of parasitism was detected in natural N. viridula egg masses than sentinel eggs. Collecting natural egg masses is the best methodology for field assessment of parasitism of stink bug egg masses; however, if natural egg masses are not easily available, deploying refrigerated sentinel egg masses is a good alternative.

Labeo rohita, Esterase Isozymes, Polyacrylamide gels, α-naphthylacetate, Electrophoretic banding patterns. Relative mobilites. (Rm)

Labeo rohita is most preferred indigenous edible species in most of the countries and the most abundant species in our fresh water rivers, paddy fields and other water channels. Fishes are the excellent models for monitoring environmental contamination in aquatic system. The In our present investigation electrophoretic banding patterns of tissue specific esterases in various tissues i.e. gill, liver, intestine, muscle and brain were investigated in fresh water fish Labeo rohita. The results revealed that the electrophoretic esterase banding patterns varied in different tissues i.e. gill, liver, intestine, muscle and brain of fish Labeo rohita. Esterase Isozyme patterns were separated on thin layer 1.5 mm (thickness) polyacrylamide gels (SDS-7.5%) and stained with α – naphthyl acetate used as substrate. Three different esterase bands were detected and named as Est-1, Est-2 and Est-3 with different relative motilities (Rm) such as 0.6± 0.05; 0.4± 0.05; 0.3± 0.05. All the three esterase bands were present in all tissues i.e. gill, liver, intestine, muscle and brain. Among the all tissues gill and liver tissue exhibited deeply staining of Est-1; Est-2 and Est-3(+++). Intestine tissue shown Est-1 deeply stained (+++) whereas Est-2 and Est-3 were median deep stained (++). Muscle tissue showed Est-1 and Est-2 were deeply stained (+++) whereas Est-3 was median deep stained (++). Brain tissue exhibited Est-2 was deeply stained(+++) whereas Est-1 and Est-3 were median deep stained(++).Studies on esterases of fish and other organisms revealed similar type of patterns of esterases were noticed in one or other tissue of all the animals. Keywords: Labeo rohita, Esterase Isozymes, Polyacrylamide gels, α-naphthylacetate, Electrophoretic banding patterns. Relative mobilites. (Rm) References Augustinsson, K.B. 1961. Multiple forms of esterases in vertebrate blood plasma. Ann. NY. Acad. Sci., 94: 844-860. Aldridge, W.N. (1953). Serum esterases 1:Two types of esterases (A & B) hydrolysing p-nitro phenyl acetate, propionate and butyrate, and a method for their determination. Biochem. J. 53,110-117. Abdur Rashid Md. Esterase banding pattern in different age groups of mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis in Bangladesh ., International Journal of Environmental Biology 2012; 2(3): 162-164. Ahmed MJ, Alam MS, Rashid MA, Begum RA, Shahjahan RM. Variability of esterase isozyme at some developmental stages of mosquito fish Poecilia reticulata. Bangladesh J Life Sci 2011; 23(1):139-142. Begum RA, Yasmin F, Rashid MA, Alam MS, Shahjahan RM. Comparison of tissue specific esterase isozyme banding pattern in the larvae and adult of Heteropneustes fossilis. Indian J Soc Nat Sci 2011; 1:1-7. Baglole, C.J., Goff, G.P. and G.M. Wright. 1998. Distribution on ontogeny of digestive enzyme in larval yellow tail winter flounder. Journal of Fish Biology, 53:767-784. 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