Kamal M, Dawood, Ashraf A, Abbas, Kamal M, Dawood, and Ashraf A, Abbas
Subjects
Chemistry--Synthesis, Chemistry, Organic, and Pyrazoles
Abstract
Chemistry of Bipyrazoles: Synthesis and Applications covers the synthetic pathways for all types of bipyrazoles. 5 chapters cover bipyrazole systems, N,N- and N,C-bipyrazoles, namely 1,1`-bipyrazole, 1,3`-bipyrazole, 1,4`-bipyrazole, 3,3`-bipyrazoles, 3,4`-bipyrazoles and 4,4`-bipyrazolesThe contents explain several types of reactions: 1) condensation reactions of hydrazines with tetracarbonyls, dihydroxydicarbonyl compounds or pyrazole-based difunctional compounds; 2) 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of pyrazole-based hydrazonoyl halides with activated methylene compounds; 3) metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.The book concludes with a chapter that details the applications of bipyrazole derivatives in different industries. Information about advanced concepts used in chemical engineering such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and corrosion inhibition are highlighted.The book contents are presented in an easy-to-understand manner suitable for readers in organic chemistry at senior levels of education and industry expertise. Each chapter is supplemented with detailed references.
Chemical Society reviews [Chem Soc Rev] 2023 Jun 19; Vol. 52 (12), pp. 3973-3990. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 19.
Subjects
Electronics, Chemistry, Organic, and Proteins chemistry
Abstract
Living systems are composed of a complex network of bioactive small molecules, proteins, ions and electrons, which present a wealth of opportunities for researchers to explore. Recently, organic chemists have developed a keen interest to move chemical reactions from laboratory flasks into living systems. This offers a new avenue for addressing challenges in current organic chemistry, expands the range of chemical transformations accessible to living systems, and provides a versatile tool for understanding and manipulating living systems. In this tutorial review, we include both the fundamental mechanisms and specific examples of how chemical reactions that typically occur outside of the biological context can be adapted for use within living systems. We also highlight the use of the resulting functional organic materials for biomedical applications including but not limited to imaging, therapy, theranostics and organic electronics. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future perspectives in this exciting field. We envision this tutorial review will serve as a guide for designing new chemical reactions and pathways in living systems that can expand the range of biological processes and functions and will accelerate the development of new biomaterials, biocatalysts, and therapeutics for precision medicine and other social needs.
Chemistry, Organic--Experiments and Chemistry, Organic--Laboratory manuals
Abstract
The experiments in this book are designed for students beginning the study of organic chemistry. The purposes of the book are to teach the student some of the techniques of organic chemistry and to familiarize him with the methods of preparation and chemical properties of representative members of the important classes of organic compounds. Each section contains a brief introduction to that part of the work and should help the student to understand the subsequent experiments.
ConspectusThe six-membered heterocycles containing oxygen and nitrogen (tetrahydropyrans, pyrans, piperidines) are among the most common heterocyclic structures ubiquitously present in bioactive molecules such as carbohydrates, small-molecule drugs, and natural products. Chemical synthesis of fully functionalized pyrans and piperidines is a research theme of practical importance and scientific significance and, thus, has attracted continuous interest from synthetic chemists. Among the numerous synthetic approaches, Achmatowicz rearrangement (AchR) represents a general and unique strategy that uses biomass-derived furfuryl alcohols as the renewable starting material to obtain fully functionalized six-membered oxygen/nitrogen heterocycles, which provides golden opportunities for organic chemists to address various synthetic challenges.This Account summarizes our 10 years of work on exploiting AchR to address some challenges in organic synthesis ranging from green chemistry and organic methodology to the total synthesis of natural products. We enabled the sustainable and safe use of AchR in a small (academia) or large (industrial) scale by developing two generations of green approaches for AchR (oxone-halide and Fenton-halide), which largely eliminate the use of the most popular, but more toxic and expansive, NBS and m-CPBA. This triggered our intensive interest in developing new green chemistry for important organic reactions, in particular, halogenation/oxidation reactions involving reactive halogenating species with the aim of eliminating the use of commonly used toxic halogen agents such as elemental bromine, chlorine gas, and various N-haloamide reagents (NBS, NCS, and NIS). We successfully employed oxone-halide and Fenton-halide as green alternatives to several mechanistically related organic reactions including arene/alkene halogenation, oxidation or oxidative rearrangement of indoles, oxidation of alcohols/thioacetals, and oxidative halogenation of aldoximes fo
Maurizio D’Auria, Sonia Stoia, Maurizio D’Auria, and Sonia Stoia
Subjects
Chemistry, Organic and Chemical reactions
Abstract
The book represents the most complete description of the scientific results obtained on a photochemical experiment described 110 years ago by the Italian scientist Emanuele Paternò. This detailed that the photochemical reaction between a carbonyl compound and an alkene gives a corresponding oxetane. This oxetane ring is present in several naturally occurring compounds and bioactive compounds, and can be obtained with high regio- and stereoselectivity.
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