articles+ search results

[SDE]Environmental Sciences, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Distributed manufacturing, 3 d printing, Reversing, Process engineering, business.industry, business, Rapid prototyping, Sustainability, Materials science, Environmental impact assessment, Photovoltaic system, and Embodied energy

Although additive layer manufacturing is well established for rapid prototyping the low throughput and historic costs have prevented mass-scale adoption. The recent development of the RepRap, an open source self-replicating rapid prototyper, has made low-cost 3-D printers readily available to the public at reasonable prices (As the open source 3-D printers continue to evolve and improve in both cost and performance, the potential for economically-viable distributed manufacturing of products increases. Thus, products and components could be customized and printed on-site by individual consumers as needed, reversing the historical trend towards centrally mass-manufactured and shipped products. Distributed manufacturing reduces embodied transportation energy from the distribution of conventional centralized manufacturing, but questions remain concerning the potential for increases in the overall embodied energy of the manufacturing due to reduction in scale. In order to quantify the environmental impact of distributed manufacturing using 3-D printers, a life cycle analysis was performed on a plastic juicer. The energy consumed and emissions produced from conventional large-scale production overseas are compared to experimental measurements on a RepRap producing identical products with ABS and PLA. The results of this LCA are discussed in relation to the environmental impact of distributed manufacturing with 3-D printers and polymer selection for 3-D printing to reduce this impact. The results of this study show that distributed manufacturing uses less energy than conventional manufacturing due to the RepRap's unique ability to reduce fill composition. Distributed manufacturing also has less emissions than conventional manufacturing when using PLA and when using ABS with solar photovoltaic power. The results of this study indicate that open-source additive layer distributed manufacturing is both technically viable and beneficial from an ecological perspective.

framework codeigniter, bootstrap, and Gereja Utusan Pantekosta Kartasura

Gereja Utusan Pantekosa Kartasura belum memiliki sistem informasi yang dapat diakses secara online. Sistem ini semaksimal mungkin memberikan informasi data gereja kepada user, jemaat, pengurus atau admin. Hal ini menyebabkan pihak pengelola data gereja kesulitan dalam menambah data gereja. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan perancangan sistem informasi gereja tersebut dengan framework CodeIgniter dan library Bootstrap. Sistem dikembangkan menggunakan metode prototyping di mana terdapat proses evaluasi. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan sistem infromasi gereja ini membantu pengelola data dalam mengelola data gereja dan dapat menampilkan data gereja dalam halaman web yang responsive. Gereja Utusan Pantekosa Kartasura not have an information system that can be accessed online. This system provides information and data as possible to the user churches, congregations, management or admin. This causes the data manager church difficulty in adding the data of the church. In this research, information system design of the church with the framework CodeIgniter and Bootstrap libraries. The system was developed using prototyping methods in which there is an evaluation. The test results showed that the development of this church infromasi system helps data managers to manage data is a church and church can display data in a responsive web pages.

Semantics, Complex system, Software, business.industry, business, First-order logic, Engineering, Systems engineering, Executable, computer.file_format, computer, Logic programming, Freight terminal, and Rapid prototyping

In this paper we examine software tools and design examples of executable logic prototypes for modelling of complex systems. The prototype is set by the specification in predicate calculus language. Semantics of specification supposes effectively realized interpretation whose result is a prototype and/or diagnosis of project errors. We use rapid prototyping techniques, the specification is easily modified. The approach provides three levels of logic modelling in the same programming environment: prototyping of static structure of a system, logic of processes, dynamic behaviour. Prototyping of structure and technological processes of freight terminal “Taganrog” has been chosen as an example.

HF 91.5 UL 2013, Systèmes d'information de gestion -- Conception, Gestion de l'information -- Études de cas, Logiciels -- Modèles de conception -- Études de cas, and Prototypes

Le processus de conception des systèmes d'information (SI) est un processus long et complexe qui résulte en de nombreux échecs. Le prototypage informatique et la conception guidée par modèles ont été proposés comme une solution en améliorant la qualité des spécifications au début du cycle de vie d'un SI. L'objectif de notre recherche est de mieux orienter l'action de spécification des exigences dans la phase initiale de conception "Communication Client - Concepteur" et dans le début de la phase de développement "Communication Concepteur - Développeur" en utilisant des artefacts de prototypage. Notre travail ouvre concrètement une voie dans laquelle il devient possible d'envisager que toute modification au cours de la vie d'un SI puisse être effectuée à partir du modèle du domaine qui est l'intrant du "prototypeur", qui devient alors le SI lui-même. Mots clés: système d'information; méthodologie de conception; modèle conceptuel de données; spécification déclarative; spécification exécutable; prototype; méta-donnée; architecture applicative Designing information systems is a lengthy and complex process that leads to numerous failures. Prototyping has been proposed as a solution to improve the specifications' quality in the beginning of an information system's life cycle. Every information system (IS) is based upon the information architecture ; it is, before all, a content about the perceived reality. A "domain" is a formalization of the perceived reality in which the IS users identify the representations of facts (the data) by means of semantic keys. IS designers have to transform this model using their knowledge about the abstract functioning of computers. The objective of our research is to guide the action of requirements specification in the initial design phase of "Communication Customer - Designer" and in the beginning of the development phase "Communication Designer - Developer" using prototyping artifacts. Our work actually opens the way where it becomes possible to envisage that every modification during the information system's life cycle could be done from within the domain model, which is an input for the "prototyper" and becomes then itself an information system. Keywords : information system ; design method ; conceptual data model ; déclarative specification; executables pecification; prototype ; méta-data ; application architecture

Software, business.industry, business, Fault injection, Robustness (computer science), Processor register, Software prototyping, Formal verification, Computer science, XML, computer.internet_protocol, computer, Embedded system, SystemC, and computer.programming_language

In addition to functional simulation for validation of hardware/software designs, there are additional robustness requirements that need advanced simulation techniques and tools to analyze the system behavior in the presence of faults. In this paper, we present the design of a fault injection framework for LEON3, a 32bit SPARC CPU based system used by the European Space Agency, described at Transaction Level using System C. First of all an extension of a previous XML formalization of basic binary faults, like memory and CPU registers corruption, is done in order to support TLM2.0transaction’s parameters corruptions. Next a novel Dynamic Binary Instrumentation (DBI) technique for C++ binaries is used to insert fault injection wrappers in SystemC transaction path. For binary faults in model components the use ofTLM2.0 “transport_dbg” is proposed. This way each component with fault injection capabilities exposes a standard interface to allow internal component inspection and modification.

Anwendungsrahmen, Application Framework, graphische Benutzungsoberfläche, toolkit, user interface, and user interface management system

Die Entwicklung von Konzepten und Werkzeugen für den effizienten Entwurf und die Realisierung anwendungsunabhängiger, dem Erkenntnisstand der Software-Ergonomie entsprechender graphischer Benutzerschnittstellen ermöglicht einer breiten Palette von Softwaresystemen aus verschiedenen Anwendungsbereichen den systematischen Zugang zu modernen Dialogtechniken. Diese Schnittstellen bieten dem Benutzer eine hohe software-ergonomische Qualität der Mensch-Rechner-Schnittstelle sowie Effizienz und Konsistenz in der Benutzung, unterstützen das Rapid Prototyping und gewährleisten einen hohe Wirtschaftlichkeit.

Management of Technology and Innovation, Computer Science Applications, Education, Actual practice, Information technology, business.industry, business, Team communication, Mass media, Computer science, Educational technology, Instructional design, Empirical research, Knowledge management, Teamwork, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, lcsh:Education, and lcsh:L

This paper reports the results of an empirical study that investigated the instructional design process of three teams involved in the development of an e-learning unit. The teams declared they were using the same fast-prototyping design and development model, and were composed of the same roles (although with a different number of SMEs). Results indicate that the design and development model actually informs the activities of the group, but that it is interpreted and adapted by the team for the specific project. Thus, the actual practice model of each team can be regarded as an emergent feature. This analysis delivers insights concerning issues about team communication, shared understanding, individual perspectives and the implementation of prescriptive instructional design models.

Network congestion, Computer-aided software engineering, Transport layer, Computer hardware, business.industry, business, Software prototyping, Communications protocol, Covert channel, Embedded system, Secure communication, Computer science, Reference model, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING, and ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS

As computer systems become more open and interconnected, the need for reliable and secure communication also increases. The NRL (Naval Research Laboratory) Pump was introduced by Kang and Moskowitz (1993) to balance the requirements of reliability, congestion control, fairness and good performance against those of threats from covert channels and denial-of-service attacks. In this paper, we describe two prototype efforts. One (the event-driven Pump or E-Pump) implements the Pump at the process (top) layer in terms of a 4-layer network reference model, and the other (the DOS-Pump or D-Pump) implements the Pump at the transport layer. We then discuss lessons learned and how these lessons are to be used in deciding upon the final hardware implementation of the Pump.

Autonomy, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Mission operations, Ground station, Risk analysis (engineering), Engineering, business.industry, business, Commit, Space exploration, Community or, Operations research, Software, and Multi-agent system

This paper discusses issues relating to introducing agent technology into satellite mission operations. Due to the high cost and long development time of satellite systems, scientists, commercial operators and the military are reluctant to use new and unproven technology, such as agent technology. We are in the process of developing methods and processes for introducing agent-based systems into future satellite missions while both drastically reducing the risk of mission failures and gaining the confidence and support of mission management and principal investigators (PI). We are doing this by designing and prototyping a robust mechanism to support dynamic agent-community evolution (e.g., agents adapting to community changes, agents joining a community or agents leaving a community). This dynamic capability of agents to join or leave a community or to adapt is necessary to achieve what we call "progressive autonomy." Progressive autonomy will allow us to gradually introduce autonomy and agent technology into missions and gain the confidence of PI without having to commit to the technology from the start. It will also allow us to introduce mission management and autonomy into existing missions via ground station autonomy by working alongside existing ground station software.

Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, business.industry, business, Mean square, Engineering, Scanner, 3d laser scanner, Data acquisition, Rapid prototyping, Computed tomography scanner, Computed tomography, medicine.diagnostic_test, medicine, Software, Dental models, Dental casting technique, Tomography scanners, X-Ray computed, 616.314-77 [udc], and udc:616.314-77

Aim of our study is to develop a method for the experimental identification of the settings of a computed tomography (CT) scanner used for scanning of human jaw. I this case, CT can be used for rapid prototyping of human jaw, design and manufacture of implants. The experimental identification of settings of a computed tomography scanner is done by comparing 3D computer models built using different data acquisition technologies: CT scanner and 3D laser scanner. The modified Iterative Closest Points algorithm is used for alignment of 3D computer models, obtained using different scanning methods. The different test objects were scanned using a spiral CT scanner and 3D laser scanner for testing the method. 3D computer models were compared uding the mean square value of distance between two surfaces. The test results indicate hardware and software parameters impacting on the accuracy and surface quality of 3D computer model reconstructed from CT data. Ill. 5, bibl. 7 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.111.5.373

Documentation, Systems engineering, Upgrade, Operability, Electronics, Embedded system, business.industry, business, Cockpit, Computer-aided software engineering, Avionics, Suite, and Engineering

When designed in the late 1970's, the avionics suite for the US Coast Guard's HC-130H fleet contained state of the art components. Although the rapid advancement of electronics technology soon surpassed that employed in some of these units, the suites remained highly functional and economically feasible into the late 1980's. A desire to improve joint operability between the various military services coupled with the opportunity to capitalize on the advanced characteristics of current avionics components combined to enhance the viability of the Coast Guard's wish to upgrade the capabilities of its fleet. The Coast Guard finalized the plans and designs which incorporated digital avionics into a suite which formerly contained only analog components. The nonrecurring engineering necessary to perform this integration included the design of several new subsystems to allow for the interface between existing components and the new digital data bus. This case study reviews the project which encompassed the specification, engineering, testing, prototyping, and fielding of this combined system. In addition, it shall also review the documentation, simulation, and training associated with a project of this scope.

Computer science, Object-oriented programming, Software prototyping, Software, business.industry, business, Software engineering, Rapid prototyping, User interface, User Friendly, Sun Microsystems, and Computer programming

Airbase logistics simulation analyses have historically been done using large monolithic software models, which are not well documented in terms of algorithms used, have no user friendly interfaces, provide little in the way of postprocessing and graphical display of simulation results, and allow limited flexibility to modify the algorithms. The Integrated Model Development Environment (IMDE) addresses these problems using object-oriented design and rapid prototyping philosophies. The environment is written in C++, the simulation elements are written in MODSIM II and stored using the VERSANT object-oriented database management system (OODBMS), and the user interface is designed iteratively using devGuide from Sun Microsystems. >

Human–computer interaction, Interactive programming, User interface, Knowledge acquisition, Task analysis, Expert system, computer.software_genre, computer, Conceptual model, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Software prototyping, Computer science, Graphical user interface, business.industry, and business

TASC is developing the Integrated Model Development Environment (IMDE) as a software environment for airbase logistics modeling. The authors describe the methodology for developing the user interface (UI). A UI prototyping process is planned to elicit task-oriented requirements from users of current airbase simulations. An interactive prototyping methodology was developed as an alternative to formal task analysis due to the absence of an existing user base from which to gather task information. An initial graphical UI (GUI) is designed based on analyses of projected user's and expert's conceptual (mental) models of airbase logistics and simulations. A cognitive network method is used for mental model extraction, which is based on knowledge acquisition methods from artificial intelligence. This network of expert/user concepts affords the design of GUl prototypes that map to the expert/user's conceptual model of the domain. >

Surgery, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Layer thickness, Selective laser sintering, law.invention, law, CAD, Stl file, 3d model, Computed tomography, medicine.diagnostic_test, Engineering, business.industry, business, Length of hospitalization, and Rapid prototyping

Rapid prototyping is a technology that can automatically construct physical models from CAD data. It helps designers to quickly create tangible prototype of their design. This technology has numerous applications; they make excellent visual aids for communicating ideas to the customers. It plays an important role in producing complex and intricate models in both engineering and medical applications. This paper presents its application in medical field. It discusses the development of optimum preplanning for maxillofacial surgery using selective laser sintering process. It involves identifying the optimum value of various parameters like threshold value, gantry tilt angle, resolution, layer thickness and interval thickness of CT scan image. The 3D model of the CT scan image is developed and converted into .stl file. The 3D model is produced on Selective Laser Sintering machine by considering shrinkage and compensation allowances. Two case studies are presented and comparison is made with regard to time taken for surgery using RP model and without using RP model. This helps in reducing time and increase precision, as well as to decrease morbidity for maxillofacial surgery, thus resulting in less suffering to patient , thereby reducing costs and length of hospitalization and improving quality of life.

Virtual prototyping, Systems engineering, Breadboard, Brassboard, Simulation, Software prototyping, Modeling and simulation, Virtual machine, computer.software_genre, computer, Manufacturing, business.industry, business, Engineering, and Conceptual system

Changes in simulation technology now allow the creation of virtual prototypes of conceptual hardware systems in advance of when actual hardware could be built. This paper discusses the concept and vision of employing the Joint Modeling and Simulation System in an Air Force laboratory environment for desktop collaborative virtual prototyping. The development of a digital model in parallel with the hardware is concurrent simulation. The model becomes more detailed as the conceptual system and design evolve acid as the hardware technology moves from breadboard to brassboard to flyable prototype. The digital model is then transitioned with the hardware technology for further engineering and manufacturing development into a deployable system. Virtual prototyping and concurrent simulation are key tools for the future of Air Force research and development. This paper addresses how such tools can be employed and utilized in the laboratory.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan desain pembelajaran IPS MI dengan basis Humanistik yang valid, praktis, dan mempunyai kefektifan terhadap proses pembelajaran di kelas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian pengembangan yang terdiri dari tahap Preliminary (tahap persiapan dan pendesainan) dan tahap prototyping menggunakan alur formative evaluation (self evaluation, one to one, small group dan field test). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan lembar walkthrough dan angket. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa jurusan PGMI semester V . Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh simpulan : (1) menghasilkan desain pembelajaran IPS MI yang valid dengan melihat komentar dan saran validator serta nilai kevalidan sebesar 4,63. (2) Menghasilkan desain pembelajaran IPS MI yang praktis dilihat dari data angket kepraktisan sebesar 4,50, dan (3) desain pembelajaran IPS MI berbasis Humanistik mempunyai keefektifan terhadap proses pembelajaran dikelas dengan dilihat dari data angke keaktifan mahasiswa dengan rata-rata 90 %.

Metaverse, Virtual machine, computer.software_genre, computer, Information flow (information theory), Navy, Systems engineering, Concept of operations, Virtual reality, Human–computer interaction, Rapid prototyping, Engineering design process, Computer science, and ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS

Traditionally, US Navy has had a number of Undersea Warfare applications which require rapid prototyping capabilities as well as the need to perform cost effective concept of operations exercises. Recent investigations into the use of virtual world technologies at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) have focused on confined physical spaces that are easily replicated in a virtual environment. For example, a command & control center is a physical environment in which people interact with each other and the space they are in (i.e., attack consoles, displays, etc.) to manage information flow and decision making. Being able to optimally configure and reconfigure such a space is a critical step in the design process to ensure the end meets the necessary mission requirements. Previously the Navy has deployed small scale physical models to visualize spatial relationships (though not allowing human interaction) or large full scale models at more substantial costs. Leveraging cutting-edge virtual world technologies, today’s engineers can bring rapid prototyping to the next dimension. By transforming physical mock ups into virtual objects the costs of rapid prototyping can be drastically reduced. By extension, the designs evaluated inside the virtual worlds can then be tested under synthetic situations through concept of operations exercises.

Sociology, General partnership, Somali, language.human_language, language, Cultural heritage, Danish, Collaborative partnership, Exhibition, and Media studies

In 2016, a contemporary exhibition was created in partnership with six local Somali women at the open-air museum Den Gamle By. The article reflects upon the women initiating the idea and being the primary resource in the development in the collaborative project, and examines examples from the project’s method in the analytical framework of experimental “prototyping”. The method in the project extends other examples of museum participation projects in relation to process, product and shifting roles as collaborators. The concept of prototyping shows how procedures at the museum were reconsidered and museum practitioners had to reevaluate their approach in sharing authority. A key experience was how an awareness of reactions enabled collaborators to address conflicting receptions a contemporary exhibition necessarily entails. Recognition of conflict became a driving force in creating space for dialogue and reflection. Possibly, prototyping is a way of understanding how museums set frameworks for dialogues between communities.

Software requirements specification, Computer science, Requirements analysis, Software development, business.industry, business, Systems engineering, Computer-aided software engineering, Software engineering, Requirement, Requirements elicitation, Software requirements, and Software prototyping

Software and system prototyping are approaches which may be used early on in the lifecycle to identify deficiencies and errors in requirements. Since 1985, Rome Laboratory has been developing tools in support of software and system prototyping. The tools provide support for prototyping user interfaces, functional algorithms and software/hardware mappings for parallel and distributed architectures. The prototyping tools have recently been integrated into a requirements engineering environment (REE) which houses tools for requirements elicitation, analysis, specification and validation. The REE utilizes a common object-oriented database to store tool data and share information between tools. This paper emphasizes the capabilities of the REE prototyping tools along with their corresponding methodologies. Areas where data sharing occurs between the REE tools is also discussed. >

Behavioral Objectives, Change Agents, Educational Innovation, Group Dynamics, Instructional Design, Instructional Materials, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Summative Evaluation, Systems Approach, and Teacher Administrator Relationship

Instructional product development--the purpose of which has been to create materials which produce in an identified population of users demonstrable changes in behavior, in accordance with prespecified and specific objectives--generally adheres to a pattern which includes planning, formulating, prototyping measures and materials, field testing, revising and retesting, and summative evaluation. To the project staff at the Institute for Development of Educational Activities, Inc. (IDEA), this cycle seemed worthwhile to explore in terms of producing materials which would enable groups to improve interpersonal problem-solving skills. Thus, IDEA developed materials designed to help teachers and principal work together more collaboratively and systematically in solving school problems. Field tests of the materials indicated the need for revisions, and evaluations of the program are currently formative. However, the use of product development strategies for organizational development has proven to be of value in serving as a research tool, in forcing clarification of desired outcomes and principles used to attain them, and in expanding our knowledge base with its empirical approach. (SH)

Engineering, business.industry, business, and Manufacturing engineering

Manufacturing engineering, Engineering, business.industry, business, and Aeronautics

Computer Networks and Communications, Hardware and Architecture, Information Systems, Software, Spectral efficiency, Computer network, business.industry, business, Communication channel, Wifi network, Multiplexing, Backward compatibility, Computer science, Noma, medicine.disease, medicine, Data stream mining, Non orthogonal, and ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS

NOMA is a promising way to increase spectral efficiency recently discussed in the IEEE 802.11 Working Group that develops WiFi standards. NOMA can be very beneficial in a WiFi network where the qualities of the channel between the access point and associated stations are significantly different. In such scenarios, NOMA allows the access point to transmit several data streams to various stations in parallel using one antenna and the same time-frequency resources. This article presents and evaluates the first-ever prototype of a WiFi device supporting NOMA, implemented in a software-defined radio platform. The prototype is backward compatible with legacy WiFi versions. Specifically, one of the multiplexed streams may be received by a legacy station not supporting NOMA. This feature is favorable for heterogeneous deployments with various generations of WiFi devices. This article provides a detailed description of the prototype as well as experimental results showing from 37 percent to 100 percent gain achieved by including NOMA in the future 802.11 standards.

Architectural design, State-space representation, Affordance, Finite-state machine, Human–computer interaction, Computer science, Markov chain, Statistical model, Key features, Site analysis, and education

The aim of this study is to support the design of academic maker spaces. Observations are made of a make-based introduction to design course for first year university students. Activity state transitions, architectural sites, learning outcomes and their relationships are recorded. A Markov chain, state transition modelling approach is used to capture the sequences of activities undergone by 329 student-designer participants during the prototyping segment of the design course. Several field surveys were conducted along with site analysis to support the study. The first survey identifies key features students look for in the architectural design and affordance of maker spaces. Then key sites used in the course are evaluated for these features. Finally, a pre- and post- survey was implemented to determine correlations between site, activity, and learning outcome. Reported results include: a finite state machine (or probabilistic model of student making activity state transitions); simplified architectural site analyses of key facilities; preferences for site based on activity; and lastly observed correlations between activities, sites and learning outcomes.

Automotive engineering, Design for X, Manufacturing engineering, Engineering, business.industry, and business

Management, Patrol Frigate, Prototyping, and Combat system land based test site

Ship acquisition is an extremely complex process involving many highly interrelated individual operations, each critical to the completion of the final product. A central issue is the design, test, and evaluation of ship combat systems. This thesis traces the evolution of modern shipboard combat systems and describes current combat system test and evaluation concepts. The utility of prototyping combat systems at land-based test sites is investigated. Ongoing efforts by the Patrol Frigate Acquisition Project to employ a combat system land-based test site in the execution of test and evaluation within present guidelines is described and analyzed. The conclusion is that the plan for utilizing a combat system by the Patrol Frigate program is one viable approach for resolution of uncertainty in ship acquisition. http://archive.org/details/patrolfrigatecom00fees Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy