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Hemiptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Brevialavenosa, Brevialavenosa egae, Animalia, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, and Cicadidae

Brevialavenosa egae (Distant, 1892) new combination Tibicen egae Distant, 1892: 64 (Ega, on the Amazon). REMARKS. Nunes et al. (2023) reported two species, Abroma egae (Distant, 1892) and Abroma temperata (Walker, 1858), from the genus Abroma Stål, 1866 and the tribe Lamotialnini Boulard, 1976 in Brazil. Neither the genus nor the tribe is found in South America (Marshall et al. 2018). Both species were transferred without comment to Abroma in Distant (1906). Abroma was classified in the Taphurini Distant, 1905a in Distant’s (1906) catalogue but the remaining members of the genus are found in Africa, Madagascar, and south, southeast and insular Asia (Metcalf 1963c; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2013). Historically, the Taphurini was a tribe where taxa were placed when it was unclear where the taxon actually belonged and had representatives from most of the world (Marshall et al. 2018). However, the tribe has been redefined and currently includes only Neotropical genera (Sanborn 2021a; 2021b). Abroma egae (Fig. 2, type specimen BMNH, specimen NHMUK010392112) possesses the following combination of structures that place the species in the Cicadettinae Buckton, 1890: partially fused fore wing cubitus posterior and anal vein 1, division of fore wing vein cubitus anterior 1 with the proximal portion shorter than the distal portion, hindwing cubital cell 1 width two or more times the width of cubital cell 2, hindwing radius posterior and median veins fused at their bases, partially visible dorsal metanotum, male opercula not strongly S-shaped and lacking a deeply concave lateral margin, lack of timbal covers, undeveloped pygofer distal shoulder, pygofer upper lobe is present, and claspers that restrain the aedeagus (Marshall et al. 2018; Simon et al. 2019; Sanborn et al. 2020a). This combination of characters eliminates all remaining subfamilies as an option for the placement of the species. In addition, Abroma egae can be classified in the Taphurini based on the lack of timbal covers, the small, narrow opercula that curve towards the midline but remain well separated medially and do not cover the tympanal cavity completely, the undeveloped pygofer distal shoulder, the small upper pygofer lobes, the large, flat basal pygofer lobes, the lack of an uncus, and the presence of claspers. Within the Taphurini, the species is very similar to Brevisalavenosa auripilosa Sanborn, 2021b differing in that Distant’s species lacks dense, golden pile covering the body, the anterior abdomen is darker than the rest of the body instead of being lighter, the piceous mesonotal markings are absent, the spot of infuscation in distal fore wing apical cell 1 is smaller, fore wing radiomedial crossvein is less obliquely angled to the radius posterior vein, the costal margin is thicker to the node, the anterolateral margin of the lateral pronotal collar curves ventrally, the angled lateral opercular margin, the semicircular medial opercular margin, the operculum reaching the posterior tympanal cavity, and especially the large aedeagus with the two lateral, terminal spines but the membrane is ventral instead of terminal in Distant’s species. As a result, Abroma egae (Distant, 1892) is reassigned to the genus Brevialavenosa Sanborn, 2021b to become Brevialavenosa egae (Distant, 1892) n. comb. DISTRIBUTION. The species is known only from Brazil (Metcalf 1963c).
Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F., 2023, Resolving taxonomic issues of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) including new combinations, new synonymies, and revised status, with updates on the diversity of the Brazilian cicada fauna and new records for four South American countries, pp. 339-362 in Zootaxa 5318 (3) on pages 342-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5318.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8166896
{"references":["Distant, W. L. (1892) On some undescribed Cicadidae, with synonymical notes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 10, 54 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939208677373","Nunes, V. L., Ruschel, T. P., Maccagnan, D. H. B., Simies, P. C. & Acosta, R. C. (2023) Cigarras do Brasil, Guia Fotographica. 1 a edicao. ebook. 46 pp. [https: // zenodo. org / record / 7712483]","Boulard, M. (1976) Sur une deuxieme cigale africaine depourvue d'appareil sonore (Homoptera). Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Series A, 37, 629 - 636.","Marshall, D. C., Moulds, M. S., Hill, K. B. R., Price, B. W., Wade, E. J., Owen, C. J., Goemans, G., Marathe, K., Sarkar, V., Cooley, J. R., Sanborn, A. F., Kunte, K., Villet, M. H. & Simon, C. (2018) A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily level classification. Zootaxa, 4424 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4424.1.1","Distant, W. L. (1906) A synonymic catalogue of Homoptera. Part I. Cicadidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 207 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8554","Distant, W. L. (1905 a) Rhynchotal notes XXXIII. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 16, 22 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509443650","Metcalf, Z. P. (1963 c) General catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 2. Tibicinidae. North Carolina State College Contribution, 1564, i - vi + 1 - 492.","Duffels, J. P. & van der Laan, P. A. (1985) Catalogue of the Cicadoidea (Homoptera, Auchenorhyncha) 1956 - 1980. Series Entomologica 34. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrect, 414 pp.","Sanborn, A. F. (2021 a) The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae) of Madagascar including a new tribe, five new genera, twelve new species, four new species synonymies, five revised species status, ten new combinations, new tribal assignments for four genera, one new subtribe synonymy, a checklist and key to the species. Zootaxa, 4937 (1), 1 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4937.1.1","Sanborn, A. F. (2021 b) A new genus and species of Neotropical Taphurini Distant, 1905 (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae) from Brazil with a note on the taxonomic position of Prosotettix Jacobi, 1907. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 123, 190 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.123.1.190","Buckton, G. B. (1890) s. n. In: Mongraph of the British Cicadae, or Tettigiidae, illustrated by more than four hundred coloured drawings. Vol. I. Part III. Macmillan and Co., London, pp. xxxiv - xlviii + 65 - 96, pls. xxi - xxx. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9473","Simon, C., Gordon, E. R., Moulds, M. S., Cole, J., Haji, D., Lemmon, A. R., Lemmon, E. M., Kortyna, M., Nazario, K., Wade, E. J., Meister, R., Goemans, G., Chiswell, S. M., Pessacq, P., Veloso, C., McCutchen, J. P. & Lukasik, P. (2019) Off-target capture data, endosymbiont genes and morphology reveal a relict lineage sister to all other singing cicadas. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 128, 865 - 886. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / biolinnean / blz 120","Sanborn, A. F. (2020 a) The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Peru including the descriptions of twenty-four new species, three new synonymies, and thirty-seven new records. Zootaxa, 4785 (1), 1 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4785.1.1"]}

Hemiptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Animalia, Cicada, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, and Cicadidae

ADDITIONAL BRAZILIAN CICADA RECORDS The following species have been reported from Brazil but were not included in the synoptic list of Nunes et al. (2023). Current tribal affiliations are provided in parentheses for each taxon. Guyalna aldegondae (Kulgatz, 1902 in Kulgatz & Melichar, 1902) rev. stat., n. comb. (Fidicinini), Guyalna dyticamazona Sanborn, 2020a (Fidicinini) (Sanborn 2020a), Orialella boliviana (Distant, 1904) (Fidicinini) (Sanborn 2019a), Carineta acommosis Sanborn, 2020a (Carinetini) (Sanborn 2020a), Carineta dolosa Boulard, 1986 (Carinetini) (Dorval et al. 2011), Herrera castanetorquata Sanborn, 2020a (Carinetini) (Sanborn 2020a), Herrera melanomesochranon Sanborn, 2019a (Carinetini) (Sanborn 2019a), Herrera polygramma Sanborn, 2020a (Carinetini) (Sanborn 2020a), and Herrera sahlbergi (Stål, 1854) n. comb. (Carinetini).Finally, Cicada brazilensis Metcalf, 1963b (Cicadini), Cicada melanaria Germar, 1830 (Cicadini), Cicada effecta Walker, 1858a (Cicadini), and Cicada leucothe Walker, 1852 (Cicadini) were originally described from Brazil but are missing from the list of Nunes et al. (2023). Specimens will need to be located to determine the correct placement of the species currently assigned to Cicada as the genus is primarily distributed in the western Palearctic region (Marshall et al. 2018). It should be noted that Prosotettix sphecoidea Jacobi, 1907 was assigned to Taphurini in Nunes et al. (2023) instead of Selymbriini where it is currently assigned (Sanborn 2021b).
Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F., 2023, Resolving taxonomic issues of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) including new combinations, new synonymies, and revised status, with updates on the diversity of the Brazilian cicada fauna and new records for four South American countries, pp. 339-362 in Zootaxa 5318 (3) on page 354, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5318.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8166896
{"references":["Nunes, V. L., Ruschel, T. P., Maccagnan, D. H. B., Simies, P. C. & Acosta, R. C. (2023) Cigarras do Brasil, Guia Fotographica. 1 a edicao. ebook. 46 pp. [https: // zenodo. org / record / 7712483]","Sanborn, A. F. (2020 a) The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Peru including the descriptions of twenty-four new species, three new synonymies, and thirty-seven new records. Zootaxa, 4785 (1), 1 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4785.1.1","Distant, W. L. (1904) Rhynchotal notes XXVII. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 14, 329 - 336. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480409443017","Sanborn, A. F. (2019 a) The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Bolivia including the descriptions of fifteen new species, the resurrection of one genus and two species, seven new combinations, six new synonymies, and twenty-eight new records. Zootaxa, 4655 (1), 1 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4655.1.1","Boulard, M. (1986) Nouvelles cigales guyano-amazoniennes du genre Carineta (Homoptera, Tibicinidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, New Series, 2, 415 - 429.","Dorval, A., Filho, O. P., Costa, R. B. da & de Souza, M. D. (2011) Diversidade de cigarras (Hemiptera-Homoptera) em ambientes florestais no municipio de Cotriguacu, estado de Mato Grosso. Diversity of cicadas (Hemiptera-Homoptera) in forest environments in the municipality of Cotriguacu, state of Mato Grosso. Multitemas, Campo Grande, 40, 7 - 19.","Stal, C. (1854) Nya Hemiptera. Ofversigt af Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien Forhandlingar, 11, 231 - 255.","Metcalf, Z. P. (1963 b) General catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 1. Cicadidae. Section II. Gaeninae and Cicadinae. North Carolina State College Contribution, 1502, 587 - 919.","Germar, E. F. (1830) Species Cicadarium enumeratae et sub genera distributae. Thon's Entomologisches Archiv, 2, 37 - 57.","Walker, F. (1858 a) Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed insects in the collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq. Homoptera. John van Voorts, London, 117 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5112","Walker, F. (1852) List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part IV. British Museum Trustees, London, ix + 280 pp., VIII pls. [pp. i - ix + 909 - 1188, pls. I - VIII] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1584","Marshall, D. C., Moulds, M. S., Hill, K. B. R., Price, B. W., Wade, E. J., Owen, C. J., Goemans, G., Marathe, K., Sarkar, V., Cooley, J. R., Sanborn, A. F., Kunte, K., Villet, M. H. & Simon, C. (2018) A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily level classification. Zootaxa, 4424 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4424.1.1","Sanborn, A. F. (2021 b) A new genus and species of Neotropical Taphurini Distant, 1905 (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae) from Brazil with a note on the taxonomic position of Prosotettix Jacobi, 1907. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 123, 190 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.123.1.190"]}

Hemiptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Herrera, Animalia, Biodiversity, Herrera sahlbergi, Taxonomy, and Cicadidae

Herrera sahlbergi (Stål, 1854) new combination Cicada sahlbergi Stål, 1854: 243 (Brasilia). REMARKS. A species missing from the Brazilian faunal list in Nunes et al. (2023) is Cicada sahlbergi Stål, 1854. Metcalf (1963b) placed Cicada sahlbergi Stål, 1854 in his list of “Species of Uncertain Position” (Metcalf was suggesting the species actually belong in a different genus) under the genus Cicada Linnaeus, 1758 suggesting he did not believe the species belonged in Cicada. The holotype (“Typus”) was located in the NHRS and studied to determine its actual taxonomic position (Fig. 7). The species was housed in the NHRS collection as Prunasis sahlbergi (http://www3.nrm.se/en/homoptera_nrm/s/homopts.html) although no official change to its generic assignment has been published since it was described as a species of Cicada. However, the species has six apical cells in the hindwings and all New World genera of Parnisini Distant, 1905b, including Prunasis Stål, 1854, have five hindwing apical cells with the exception of the two hindwing apical cells found in Acyroneura Torres, 1958. The six apical cells of the hindwing eliminate Prunasis and the Parnisini as the correct generic or tribal assignment for Cicada sahlbergi. The holotype of Cicada sahlbergi is a female so many diagnostic structures are not available to help in determining the correct generic assignment. However, the metanotum is partially visible at the dorsal midline, fore wing veins CuP and 1A are fused in part, and hindwing veins RP and M are fused at their bases. In addition, the operculum is not S-shaped, the lateral margin is not concave, and it does not encapsulate the meracanthus. These characters eliminate the Tibicininae Distant, 1905a as a subfamily assignment for the species. The Tettigomyiinae Distant, 1905c is an African subfamily (Marshall et al. 2018) and the Derotettinae Moulds, 2019 (in Simon et al. 2019) contains a single genus of primitive cicadas found only in a limited region of Argentina (Simon et al. 2019) so they can thus be eliminated for the Brazilian species. Of the Neotropical tribes remaining, Zammarini Distant, 1905d and Fidicinini can be eliminated by the hindcoxae with a large inner protuberance in species of these tribes, Plautillini Distant, 1906 can be eliminated by the large fore wings and lateral expansion of the pronotum, Durangonini Moulds & Marshall, 2018 (in Marshall et al. 2018) can be eliminated by the abutting RA1 and subcosta in the fore wing and the narrow anal cell of the hindwing, Chlorocystini Distant, 1905b can be eliminated by the very narrow hind margin of the fore wing, narrow cruciform elevation, and angularly swollen ventral postclypeus, and Taphurini can be eliminated by the head being as wide or wider than the mesonotum (Distant 1906; Boer 1995; Moulds 2005; Marshall et al. 2018). The remaining available tribe is Carinetini Distant, 1905f. The body of Cicada sahlbergi tapers anteriorly and posteriorly, the pronotum has oblique lateral margins and is shorter than the mesonotum, and mainly hyaline wings as outlined by Distant (1905f) for species of the tribe (the tribal characteristics have not been updated with the addition of genera since the tribe was formed). The head being about as wide as the mesonotum, the vertex slightly longer than the front, the pronotum shorter than the mesonotum with the lateral margins slightly oblique, the abdomen about as long as the distance between the apex of the head and the cruciform elevation, the fore wings less than three times longer than broad, and the dorsal curvature of female abdominal segment 9 place the species in the genus Herrera Distant, 1905f. As a result, Cicada sahlbergi Stål, 1854 is reassigned to the genus Herrera Distant, 1905f to become Herrera sahlbergi (Stål, 1854) n. comb. DISTRIBUTION. The species is endemic to Brazil (Metcalf 1963b).
Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F., 2023, Resolving taxonomic issues of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) including new combinations, new synonymies, and revised status, with updates on the diversity of the Brazilian cicada fauna and new records for four South American countries, pp. 339-362 in Zootaxa 5318 (3) on pages 349-351, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5318.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8166896
{"references":["Stal, C. (1854) Nya Hemiptera. Ofversigt af Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien Forhandlingar, 11, 231 - 255.","Nunes, V. L., Ruschel, T. P., Maccagnan, D. H. B., Simies, P. C. & Acosta, R. C. (2023) Cigarras do Brasil, Guia Fotographica. 1 a edicao. ebook. 46 pp. [https: // zenodo. org / record / 7712483]","Metcalf, Z. P. (1963 b) General catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 1. Cicadidae. Section II. Gaeninae and Cicadinae. North Carolina State College Contribution, 1502, 587 - 919.","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Edito duodecima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 157601","Distant, W. L. (1905 b) Rhynchotal notes XXXIV. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 16, 203 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509443671","Torres, B. A. (1958) Nuevos generos Acyroneura y Acuticephala, Guaranisaria bicolor nueva especie (Homoptera-Cicadidae). Neotropica, 4, 17 - 26.","Distant, W. L. (1905 a) Rhynchotal notes XXXIII. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 16, 22 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509443650","Distant, W. L. (1905 c) Rhynchotal notes XXXV. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 16, 265 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509442862","Marshall, D. C., Moulds, M. S., Hill, K. B. R., Price, B. W., Wade, E. J., Owen, C. J., Goemans, G., Marathe, K., Sarkar, V., Cooley, J. R., Sanborn, A. F., Kunte, K., Villet, M. H. & Simon, C. (2018) A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily level classification. Zootaxa, 4424 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4424.1.1","Simon, C., Gordon, E. R., Moulds, M. S., Cole, J., Haji, D., Lemmon, A. R., Lemmon, E. M., Kortyna, M., Nazario, K., Wade, E. J., Meister, R., Goemans, G., Chiswell, S. M., Pessacq, P., Veloso, C., McCutchen, J. P. & Lukasik, P. (2019) Off-target capture data, endosymbiont genes and morphology reveal a relict lineage sister to all other singing cicadas. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 128, 865 - 886. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / biolinnean / blz 120","Distant, W. L. (1905 d) Rhynchotal notes XXXI. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 15, 379 - 387. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509443064","Distant, W. L. (1906) A synonymic catalogue of Homoptera. Part I. Cicadidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 207 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8554","Boer, A. J. de (1995) The phylogeny and taxonomy of the Chlorocystini (sensu stricto) (Homoptera, Tibicinidae). Contributions to Zoology, 65, 201 - 231. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 26660644 - 06504001","Moulds, M. S. (2005) An appraisal of the higher classification of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with special reference to the Australian fauna. Records of the Australian Museum, 57, 375 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.57.2005.1447","Distant, W. L. (1905 f) Rhynchotal notes XXXII. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 15, 478 - 486. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509442837"]}

Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Insecta, Arthropoda, Animalia, Biodiversity, and Taxonomy

Tribe Cryptolaryngini Van Schalkwyk, 1966 Cryptopharynginae Marshall, 1957: 18, not available (based on homonymic genus name). Type genus: Cryptopharynx Marshall, 1957 (unavailable, junior homonym). Cryptolarynginae Van Schalkwyk, 1966: 745 (replacement name for Cryptopharynginae). Type genus: Cryptolarynx Van Schalkwyk, 1966 (replacement name for Cryptopharynx Marshall, 1957). Periegini Legalov, 2003: 68. Type genus: Perieges Schoenherr, 1842. Cryptolaryngidae – Thompson 1992: 873, 877, 882. — Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal 1999: 72. — Alonso-Zarazaga 2013: 497. Cryptolaryngini – Kuschel 1995: 22. — Oberprieler et al. 2007: 506. — Alonso-Zarazaga 2013: 497. — Oberprieler 2014: 437–438. — Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017: 13, 112. — Legalov 2020: 320, 322. Periegini – Oberprieler 2014: 438. — Legalov 2020: 322. Key to the genera of Cryptolaryngini Van Schalkwyk, 1966 1. Scales on elytra subcircular, at most slightly longer than wide, appressed and imbricate (concealing integument). Eyes more lateral, interocular distance twice width of epifrons. Tarsi subcylindrical. Male genitalia with spiculum gastrale symmetrical. Western and Central Asia.................................................................................................................................................. Perieges Schoenherr, 1842 – Scales on elytra generally elongate, at least 1.5 × as long as wide, dense to tessellate, if shorter then not concealing integument (Fig. 1B). Eyes more directed anteriad, interocular distance less than twice width of epifrons (Fig. 4A–X). Tarsi flattened. Male genitalia with spiculum gastrale asymmetrical (Fig. 2). Southern Africa............................................................................................ 2 2. Body in male globular or moderately elongate, elytral W:L ratio 0.85–1.1. Pronotum widest at or just behind its midlength.Metatarsi with segment 2 short, at most as long as wide.Body in male more globular and shorter than in female.Parameroid plate of tegmen apically divided into two parameroid lobes, bearing erect setae on apical and/or subapical margins (Fig. 2A–W).......... Cryptolarynx Van Schalkwyk, 1966 – Body in male elongate, elytral W:L ratio 0.7. Pronotum widest in apical third of length. Metatarsi with segment 2 long, at least 1.5× as long as wide (Fig. 8F). Body in male more elongate than in female. Parameroid plate of tegmen apically undivided, its margin devoid of setae (Fig. 2X)............................................................................................................. Hadrocryptolarynx Haran gen. nov.
Published as part of Haran, Julien M., Marvaldi, Adriana E., Benoit, Laure, Oberlander, Kenneth, Stals, Riaan & Oberprieler, Rolf G., 2023, Revision of the enigmatic South African Cryptolaryngini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), with description of a new genus and twenty-two new species, pp. 1-89 in European Journal of Taxonomy 877 (1) on pages 7-68, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.877.2151, http://zenodo.org/record/8110586
{"references":["Van Schalkwyk H. A. D. 1966. Change of curculionid (Coleoptera) generic name from Cryptopharynx to Cryptolarynx. South African Journal of Agricultural Science 9 (3): 745. https: // doi. org / 10520 / AJA 05858860 _ 266","Marshall G. A. K. 1957. A new subfamily of Curculionidae (Coleoptera). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B, Taxonomy 26 (1 - 2): 17 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1957. tb 01500. x","Legalov A. A. 2003. Taxonomy, Classification and Phylogeny of the Leaf-rolling Weevils (Coleoptera: Rhynchitidae, Attelabidae) of the World Fauna. Taksonomiya, Klassifikatsiya i Filogeniya Rinkhitid i Trubkovertov (Coleoptera: Rhynchitidae, Attelabidae) Mirovoi Fauny. Kapitel, Novosibirsk.","Thompson R. T. 1992. Observations on the morphology and classification of weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea) with a key to major groups. Journal of Natural History 26 (4): 835 - 891. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939200770511","Alonso-Zarazaga M. A. & Lyal C. H. C. 1999. A World Catalogue of Families and Genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) (Excepting Scolytidae and Platypodidae). Entomopraxis, Barcelona.","Alonso-Zarazaga M. A. 2013. Family Cryptolaryngidae Schalkwyk, 1966. In: Lobl I. & Smetana A. (eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 8. Curculionoidea II: 497. Brill, Leiden. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004259164","Kuschel G. 1995. A phylogenetic classification of Curculionoidea to families and subfamilies. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 14: 5 - 33.","Oberprieler R. G., Marvaldi A. E. & Anderson R. S. 2007. Weevils, weevils, weevils everywhere. Zootaxa 1668 (1): 491 - 520. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1668.1.24","Oberprieler R. G. 2014. 3.7. 1 Brachycerinae Billberg, 1820. In: Leschen R. A. B. & Beutel, R. G. (eds) Handbook of Zoology, Vol. IV: Arthropoda: Insecta. Part 38: Coleoptera, Beetles. Volume 3: Morphology and Systematics (Phytophaga): 424 - 451. De Gruyter, Berlin. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110274462.423","Alonso-Zarazaga M. A., Barrios H., Borovec R., Bouchard P., Caldara R., Colonnelli E., Gultekin L., Hlavac P., Korotyaev B., Lyal C. H. C., Machado A., Meregalli M., Pierotti H., Ren L., Sanchez-Ruiz M., Sforzi A., Silfverberg H., Skuhrovec J., Tryzna M., Velazquez de Castro A. J. & Yunakov N. N. 2017. Cooperative catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Curculionoidea. Monografias Electronicas SEA 8: 1 - 729. Available from http: // sea-entomologia. org / monoelec. html [accessed 9 May 2023].","Legalov A. A. 2020. Annotated key to weevils of the world. Part 4. Subfamilies Erirhininae, Dryophthorinae and Cossoninae (Curculionidae). Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10 (2): 319 - 331. https: // doi. org / 10.15421 / 2020 _ 104"]}

Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Insecta, Arthropoda, Cryptolarynx, Cryptolarynx cederbergensis, Animalia, Biodiversity, and Taxonomy

17. Cryptolarynx cederbergensis Haran sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1F91C372-DB13-4390-8130-02F8B37A4FE2 Figs 1Q, 2Q, 3Q, 4Q, 5Q Differential diagnosis Cryptolarynx cederbergensis sp. nov. is most similar to C. pyrophilus sp. nov. but can be distinguished from it by the width of its forehead, which is less than twice the width of an eye (equal to twice width in C. pyrophilus), and by the arrangement of setae at the apex of the parameroid lobes (Fig. 2Q). The two species were found to have interspecific uncorrected p-distances ranging from 20.9% to 23.3% for COI and 5.2% for EF1 (Supp. file 1). Etymology The species name cederbergensis refers to the origin of this species, the Cederberg mountains in the Western Cape province. The specific epithet is an adjective in the masculine form. Material examined Holotype REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; “REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape Province, [Cederberg Wilderness Area;] Algeria [Forest Station] ca. 20 km S. 23.viii.2018. J. Haran leg.” “ 32.469° S 19.206° E, at base of Oxalis obtusa. JHAR01422_0101. Cirad-CBGP coll.” “Holotype. Cryptolarynx cederbergensis. Haran 2023”; SAMC. Paratypes REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – Western Cape • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; CBGP. Description (♂) MEASUREMENTS. Body length 1.9–2.2 mm. COLOUR AND VESTITURE. Body integument black, basal half of scapes reddish in mature specimens. Dorsal vestiture (pronotum + elytra) consisting of overlapping, recumbent, parallel-sided clothing scales, 2× as long as wide, mostly rounded at apex; colour of scales white or pale brown to dark brown; white scales usually concentrated in a pair of longitudinal lateral stripes on pronotum and elytral interstriae 4, creating a broad darker stripe medially on pronotum and basal ⅔ of elytra; white scales also concentrated in a pair of ill-defined pale spots surrounded by black scales at apical ⅔ of interstria 3; scales of striae recumbent, in lateral view not or only very slightly distinct from rest of vestiture. HEAD. Forehead very wide, slightly wider than epifrons near antennal insertions, ca 2 × as wide as width of an eye, scales suberect. Eyes convex, in dorsal view slightly exceeding outline of head, surrounded by a ring of short pale scales, on forehead directed towards occiput; distance between eye and scrobe as large as width of antennal club. Epifrons with distance between antennal insertions 0.8× length of scape, scales at least 3 × as long as wide, suberect, contiguous. Frons with a pair of long erect lateral setae. Epistome with one or two elongate median setae. Antennal funicles with segment 1 elongate; 2 shorter, at most 1.5× as long as wide; 3 longer than wide; 4 globular, isodiametric, compressed, slightly angular on inside; 5–7 globular, isodiametric. PRONOTUM. Transverse (W:L ratio 1.6), widest posteriorly of midlength, sides arcuate; apex and base subequal in width. ELYTRA. Broadly ovate, isodiametric (W:L ratio 1), sides convex, widest near midlength. LEGS. Tibiae with apical mucro; protibiae with both outer and inner margins straight; metatibiae with inner setal fringe, the setae shorter than segment 5 of metatarsus. Tarsi with segment 2 slightly longer than wide. ABDOMEN. Ventrites with creamy-white plumose scales not concealing integument; ventrites 1–4 with long suberect scales; ventrite 5 devoid of scales in apical half, there bearing only erect setae. TERMINALIA. Body of penis elongate (W:L ratio 0.3–0.4), as long as temones, sides subparallel, converging in apical third; curvature in profile weak and regular, dorsoventrally narrowed before apex. Copulatory sclerite forming a reversed V. Parameroid lobes separate, divided by deep median notch, each lobe broad, bearing a series of long setae directed apicad. Spiculum gastrale with basal arms long, regularly curved, right arm angulate near its base. Sexual dimorphism The sexes can be distinguished by the width of the forehead (as wide as or narrower than width of an eye in male, wider in female). Life history Specimens of C. cederbergensis sp. nov. were collected in monospecific stands of Oxalis obtusa, in the month of August. Distribution The species was found only at the type locality (Fig. 13).
Published as part of Haran, Julien M., Marvaldi, Adriana E., Benoit, Laure, Oberlander, Kenneth, Stals, Riaan & Oberprieler, Rolf G., 2023, Revision of the enigmatic South African Cryptolaryngini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), with description of a new genus and twenty-two new species, pp. 1-89 in European Journal of Taxonomy 877 (1) on pages 51-53, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.877.2151, http://zenodo.org/record/8110586

Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Insecta, Arthropoda, Cryptolarynx, Animalia, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, and Cryptolarynx namaquanus

7. Cryptolarynx namaquanus Haran sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F889226B-4182-43BB-A918-3DE821DEC07E Figs 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, 8D Differential diagnosis Cryptolarynx namaquanus sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of Cryptolarynx by its wide epifrons (subequal to length of scapes), its narrow forehead (narrower than width of eyes) and its proximally cylindrical metatibiae. Its broad parameroid lobes of the male genitalia, bearing only very short setae, and the shape of the spiculum are also unique among the species of the genus. Cryptolarynx namaquanus is most similar to C. variabilis sp. nov. and C. carinatus sp. nov., but in the male it can be easily distinguished from these by its proximally cylindrical metatibiae (bearing an inner carina in C. variabilis and C. carinatus) and the conformations of its male genitalia. Uncorrected p-distances between C. namaquanus and these two species were found to span 12.8–15.1% for COI and 3.7–4.2% for EF1 with C. variabilis and 9.3–10.4% for COI and 3.4% for EF1 with C. carinatus (Supp. file 1). Etymology The species name namaquanus refers to the area where this species was found, the Namaqualand region of the Northern Cape province and part of the traditional home of the Nama people (Namaqua). The specific epithet is an adjective in the masculine form. Material examined Holotype REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; “ REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA. Northern Cape Province, Kamieskroon [15 km NW, Namaqua National Park, Skilpad Flower Camp]. 29.viii.2019. J. Haran leg.” “ 30.170° S 17.793° E at base of Oxalis obtusa. JHAR02535_0101. Cirad-CBGP coll.” “Holotype. Cryptolarynx namaquanus. Haran 2023”; SAMC. Paratypes REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – Northern Cape • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; SAMC • 1 ♂, 9 specs (preserved in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; CBGP. Description (♂) MEASUREMENTS. Body length 2–3 mm. COLOUR AND VESTITURE. Body integument black, antennae and tarsi reddish. Dorsal vestiture (pronotum + elytra) consisting of overlapping, recumbent, parallel-sided clothing scales, 2 × as long as wide, truncate at apex; colour of scales varying from evenly greyish or creamy-white to brown or black; pale scales concentrated in two longitudinal stripes on pronotum and on elytral interstriae 4 as well as forming a pair of whitish spots surrounded by black scales at apical ⅔ of elytra; scales on interstriae recumbent, in lateral view not distinct from rest of vestiture. HEAD. Forehead as wide as epifrons near antennal insertions, slightly narrower than width of an eye, scales recumbent. Eyes convex, in dorsal view exceeding outline of head, surrounded by a ring of short pale scales, on forehead directed towards occiput; distance between eye and scrobe as large as or slightly smaller than width of antennal club. Epifrons wide, distance between antennal insertions as large as length of scape, scales at most 2× as long as wide, recumbent, subcontiguous. Frons with pairs of erect lateral setae. Epistome without median seta. Antennal funicles with segments 1–2 elongate, subequal, about 3× as long as wide; 3–4 as long as wide, compressed, slightly angular on inside; 5–7 globular, isodiametric; 7 sometimes wider than long. PRONOTUM. Transverse (W:L ratio 1.1–1.2), widest near midlength, sides arcuate; apex and base subequal in width. ELYTRA. Broadly ovate, isodiametric (W:L ratio 1), sides convex, widest near midlength. LEGS. Protibiae with outer margin straight, inner margin slightly bisinuate; metatibiae with apical mucro and inner setal fringe, setae shorter than segment 5 of metatarsus. Tarsi with segment 2 isodiametric. ABDOMEN. Ventrites 1 and 5 slightly concave medially; ventrites 1–4 with creamy-white plumose scales, almost concealing integument, intermixed with long suberect setae, each apically bifid. TERMINALIA. Body of penis moderately elongate (W:L ratio 0.5), 2× as short as temones, sides subparallel in basal half, converging in distal half; curvature in profile weak and regular, dorsoventrally slightly thickened at apex. Copulatory sclerite weakly sclerotised or not discerned in examined specimens. Parameroid lobes separate, divided by very deep median notch, each lobe broad, rounded at apex, bearing a series of very short setae. Spiculum gastrale with basal arms short and feebly curved. Sexual dimorphism Males can be distinguished from females by the shape of ventrites 1 and 5 (concave in male, flat or slightly convex in female). Life history Adults of C. namaquanus sp. nov. were found in monospecific stands of Oxalis obtusa, in the month of August. Distribution All specimens collected were found at the type locality, the only one thus far known for the species (Fig. 13).
Published as part of Haran, Julien M., Marvaldi, Adriana E., Benoit, Laure, Oberlander, Kenneth, Stals, Riaan & Oberprieler, Rolf G., 2023, Revision of the enigmatic South African Cryptolaryngini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), with description of a new genus and twenty-two new species, pp. 1-89 in European Journal of Taxonomy 877 (1) on pages 28-30, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.877.2151, http://zenodo.org/record/8110586

Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Insecta, Arthropoda, Cryptolarynx, Animalia, Biodiversity, Cryptolarynx oberprieleri, and Taxonomy

15. Cryptolarynx oberprieleri Haran sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 92F63525-1018-4C50-BA14-3284DCFAC09A Figs 1O, 2O, 3O, 4O, 5O, 7A–C, 8J Differential diagnosis Cryptolarynx oberprieleri sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of the genus by the combination, in males, of apically expanded protibiae, deeply divided setae on ventrite 1 and arrowhead-shaped copulatory sclerite. It differs from the most similar congener, C. falciformis sp. nov., by the structure of the apex of the parameroid lobes and the copulatory sclerite in the endophallus (Fig. 2O). Among the species for which fresh tissue was obtained, C. oberprieleri was found to be genetically closest to C. marshalli sp. nov., the two species showing uncorrected p-distances ranging from 19.8% to 22.1% for COI and from 3.4% to 3.6% for EF1, whereas intraspecific distances were up to 3.5% for COI (JHAR01246; JHAR02585) and 0.6% for EF1 (JHAR02340; JHAR02585) (Supp. file 1). Etymology Cryptolarynx oberprieleri sp. nov. is dedicated to Rolf G. Oberprieler for his substantial contribution to weevil taxonomy and classification, not least regarding the South African fauna. The specific epithet is a noun in the genitive case. Material examined Holotype REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; “REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape Province, Stellenbosch [Paradyskloof]. 26.vii.2018. J. Haran leg.” “ 33.964° S 18.876° E. at base of Oxalis glabra. J. Haran leg., JHAR01201_0101. Cirad-CBGP coll.” “Holotype. Cryptolarynx oberprieleri. Haran 2023”; SAMC. Paratypes REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – Western Cape • 2 ♂♂, 17 specs (preserved in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; CBGP • 1 ♂, 19 specs (preserved in ethanol); Stellenbosch, Jan Marais Nature Reserve; 33.931° S, 18.875° E; 27 Jun. 2019; J. Haran leg.; at base of Oxalis glabra; JHAR02340; CBGP • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 33.930° S, 18.875° E; 6 Sep. 2018; J. Haran leg.; at base of Oxalis glabra; JHAR01485; SAMC • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 20 specs (preserved in ethanol); same collection data as for preceding; CBGP • 1 ♀, 3 specs (preserved in ethanol); Stellenbosch, Coetzenburg; 33.9416° S, 18.8722° E; 9 Aug. 2018; J. Haran leg.; at base of Oxalis spp.; JHAR01246; CBGP • 1 ♂, 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); Somerset West, Helderberg Nature Reserve; 34.061° S, 18.874° E; 14 Oct. 2019; J. Haran leg.; at base of Oxalis glabra; JHAR02585; CBGP • 1 ♂, 5 specs (preserved in ethanol); Klipheuwel 3 km E; 33.725° S, 18.739° E; 10 Sep. 2019; J. Haran leg.; at base of Oxalis glabra; JHAR02558; CBGP • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Cape Town, Penhill; 33.990° S, 18.729° E; 5 Jul. 2019; J. Haran leg.; at base of Oxalis glabra; JHAR03200; CBGP • 1 ♂; Kogel Bay; 34.212° S, 18.835° E; 5 Aug. 2018; J. Haran leg.; at base of Oxalis livida; JHAR01230; CBGP • 1 ♀; De Hoop Nature Reserve, western side; 34.496° S, 20.420° E; 29 Oct. 2019; R. Borovec leg; sweeping low vegetation in coastal sand dunes; FFWS. Description (♂) MEASUREMENTS. Body length 1.9–3.2 mm. COLOUR AND VESTITURE. Body integument black, scapes and tarsi reddish in fully sclerotised specimens. Dorsal vestiture (pronotum + elytra) consisting of overlapping, recumbent, parallel-sided clothing scales, 2–3 × as long as wide, rounded or truncate at apex; colour of scales pale to dark brown; pale scales concentrated in two lateral stripes on pronotum and on elytra from interstriae 4 laterad, as well as forming a pair of white spots surrounded by darker scales at apical ⅔ of interstriae 2–3; scales of striae recumbent, in lateral view not distinct from rest of vestiture. HEAD. Forehead slightly wider than epifrons near antennal insertions, as wide as an eye, scales recumbent. Eyes convex, in dorsal view slightly exceeding outline of head, surrounded by a ring of short pale scales, on forehead directed towards occiput; distance between eye and scrobe smaller than width of antennal club. Epifrons with distance between antennal insertions slightly smaller than length of scape, scales in middle of epifrons at least 3× as long as wide, recumbent, not contiguous. Frons with a pair of long erect lateral setae. Epistome without median seta. Antennal funicles with segments 1–2 moderately elongate, subequal in length, 1.5–1.8× as long as wide; 3 isodiametric; 4 slightly angular ventrally; 5–7 globular, isodiametric. PRONOTUM. Transverse (W:L ratio 1.3–1.4), widest near midlength, sides arcuate; apex slightly narrower than base. ELYTRA. Broadly ovate or bullet-shaped, wider than long (W:L ratio 1.1), sides convex, widest near or anterior of midlength. LEGS. Protibiae with outer margin straight and inner margin slightly bisinuate, with small expansion proximally of apical mucro; meso- and metatibiae with small apical mucro, metatibiae with inner setal fringe, setae shorter than segment 5 of metatarsus, and with small inner carina near base. Tarsi with segment 2 wider than long. ABDOMEN. Ventrites with creamy-white plumose scales, partly concealing integument; with long suberect setae and elongate scales concentrated medially; ventrite 1 slightly concave medially; ventrite 5 devoid of scales in apical ¾, there bearing only erect setae. TERMINALIA. Body of penis moderately elongate (W:L ratio 0.45), slightly shorter than temones, sides subparallel, converging in apical quarter; curvature in profile moderate and regular, dorsoventrally narrowed at apex. Copulatory sclerite sagittate. Parameroid lobes separate, divided by modest median notch, each lobe bilobate, with median sublobes bearing two long setae apically. Spiculum gastrale with basal arms long, right arm angulate at its midlength. Sexual dimorphism The sexes can be distinguished by the shape of the elytra (wider than long in male, longer than wide and more broadly ovate in female), by the shape of ventrite 1 (medially concave in male, convex in female) and by the protibiae (with small expansion near mucro in male). Life history Specimens of C. oberprieleri sp. nov. were collected at several localities in monospecific stands of Oxalis glabra and, at one location, at the base of a plant of O. livida Jacq. Larvae and teneral adults were found inside bulbs of O. glabra. Adults were collected between late June and late October, found to be active during the day at the base of their host plant but at sunset retreating into small holes in the soil, which they formed under debris and under the leaves of Iridaceae. Distribution This species was found on the western slopes of the Hottentots Holland Mountain range and adjacent valleys, from Stellenbosch and Klipheuwel in the north to Kogel Bay beach in the south. A single specimen was discovered in the De Hoop Nature Reserve (Fig. 13).
Published as part of Haran, Julien M., Marvaldi, Adriana E., Benoit, Laure, Oberlander, Kenneth, Stals, Riaan & Oberprieler, Rolf G., 2023, Revision of the enigmatic South African Cryptolaryngini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), with description of a new genus and twenty-two new species, pp. 1-89 in European Journal of Taxonomy 877 (1) on pages 48-49, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.877.2151, http://zenodo.org/record/8110586

Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Insecta, Arthropoda, Cryptolarynx, Animalia, Cryptolarynx robustus, Biodiversity, and Taxonomy

6. Cryptolarynx robustus Haran sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1907FA04-FD58-4E1E-AAC1-83CE5225B449 Figs 1F, 2F, 3F, 4F, 5F Differential diagnosis Cryptolarynx robustus sp. nov. belongs to the C. vitis species group, see Remarks section under that species for details. In this group it is distinguishable from C. hirtulus sp. nov. by the width of its forehead being greater than the width of an eye (narrower in C. hirtulus). Uncorrected p-distances between C. robustus (JHAR02560) and C. hirtulus (JHAR02561) were found to be 17.4% for COI and 1.7% for EF1 (Supp. file 1). Etymology The species name is derived from the Latin adjective ‘ robustus ’ and refers to the stocky appearance of the species. The specific epithet is an adjective in the masculine form. Material examined Holotype REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; “REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape Province, Malmesbury. 10.ix.2019. J. Haran leg.” “ 33.454° S 18.743° E, at base of Oxalis spp. JHAR02560_0101. Cirad-CBGP coll.” “Holotype. Cryptolarynx robustus Haran 2023 ”; SAMC. Paratypes REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – Western Cape • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; SAMC • 1 ♀ (preserved in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; CBGP. Description (♂) MEASUREMENTS. Body length 4.5–5 mm. COLOUR AND VESTITURE. Body integument black, antennae, tarsi and sometimes tibiae reddish. Dorsal vestiture (pronotum + elytra) consisting of short, overlapping, recumbent, subtriangular clothing scales, 1.2–2 × as long as wide, subcontiguous on interstriae, and longer, slightly suberect scales, at least 3× as long as wide, in each strial puncture, visible in lateral view on elytral declivity; scales creamy-white, brown and black; pale scales usually concentrated in two longitudinal stripes on pronotum and on elytral interstria 4, black scales forming spots on interstriae 1–4 at apical ⅔ of elytral length. HEAD. Forehead slightly wider than epifrons near antennal insertions, wider than width of an eye, scales suberect, not entirely concealing integument. Eyes flat, in dorsal view only slightly exceeding outline of head, surrounded by a ring of short pale scales directed towards centre of eye; distance between eye and scrobe larger than width of antennal club. Epifrons narrow, distance between antennal insertions 0.5× length of scape, scales at least 3× as long as wide, suberect, overlapping. Frons with single pair of long lateral setae. Epistome with two median setae arising from same puncture. Antennal funicles with segments 1–2 elongate, subequal, about 3× as long as wide; 3–4 slightly longer than wide, compressed, slightly angular on inside; 5–7 globular, isodiametric. PRONOTUM. Transverse (W:L ratio 1.3), almost semicircular in dorsal view, widest near midlength, sides arcuate; width of apex 0.67 × width of base. ELYTRA. Broadly ovate, slightly longer than wide (W:L ratio 0.9), sides convex, widest near midlength. LEGS. Protibiae with outer margin straight, inner margin slightly bisinuate; metatibiae with black apical mucro and inner setal fringe, the setae shorter than segment 5 of metatarsus. Tarsi with segment 2 slightly wider than long. ABDOMEN. Ventrite 1 slightly concave; ventrites 1–2 with plumose scales medially; other surfaces with overlapping creamy-white scales, partly concealing integument. TERMINALIA. Body of penis elongate (W:L ratio 0.3), 1.5–1.7× as long as temones, sides moderately convex, widest near midlength; curvature in profile weak and regular, dorsoventrally slightly narrowed before apex. Copulatory sclerite weakly sclerotised or not discerned in examined specimen. Parameroid lobes separate, divided by deep median notch, each lobe narrow, narrowed anteapically and rounded at apex, bearing long setae marginally and discally, all setae oriented centrifugally. Spiculum gastrale with basal arms regularly curved. Sexual dimorphism Males can be distinguished from females by the width of their forehead (as wide as epifrons in male, distinctly wider in female), and females also lack a mucro on the metatibiae and plumose scales on ventrite 1. Life history Adults of C. robustus sp. nov. were collected in September, at the bases of plants of Oxalis cf. purpurea in patches of Renosterveld. Distribution The species was only found at the type locality in the Western Cape province (Fig. 13). Remarks Cryptolarynx robustus sp. nov. and C. hirtulus sp. nov. have a similar general appearance and can be found in sympatry at the same localities.
Published as part of Haran, Julien M., Marvaldi, Adriana E., Benoit, Laure, Oberlander, Kenneth, Stals, Riaan & Oberprieler, Rolf G., 2023, Revision of the enigmatic South African Cryptolaryngini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), with description of a new genus and twenty-two new species, pp. 1-89 in European Journal of Taxonomy 877 (1) on pages 25-28, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.877.2151, http://zenodo.org/record/8110586

Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Cryptolarynx spinicornis, Insecta, Arthropoda, Cryptolarynx, Animalia, Biodiversity, and Taxonomy

16. Cryptolarynx spinicornis Haran sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 73337A01-7C56-441F-8DDF-E100910E5B7A Figs 1P, 2P, 3P, 4P, 5P, 7D–F, 8A, H Differential diagnosis Cryptolarynx spinicornis sp. nov. differs from all other species of the genus by its enlarged funicle segments 2 and 4, bearing an inner tooth (Fig. 8H). A mitochondrial barcode fragment could not be obtained for it, probably due to mismatch in the primers sequences. Uncorrected p-distances of EF1 show that this species is closest to C. san sp. nov. but distant from it by 1.1% (Supp. file 1). Etymology The species name spinicornis is derived from the Latin nouns ‘ spina ’ (‘spine’) and ‘ cornu ’ (‘horn’, ‘antenna’) and refers to the teeth on funicle segments 2 and 4 in this species. The specific epithet is an adjective in the masculine form. Material examined Holotype REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; “REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape Province, Klawer [13 km S]. 26.vii.2019. J. Haran leg.” “ 31.902° S 18.630° E, at base of Oxalis cf. luteola. JHAR02465_0101. Cirad-CBGP coll.” “Holotype. Cryptolarynx spinicornis. Haran 2023”; SAMC. Paratypes REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – Western Cape • 1 ♂, 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; CBGP. – Northern Cape • 2 ♂♂, 18 specs (preserved in ethanol); Sutherland 21 km SW, Blesfontein Farm; 32.462° S, 20.436° E; 18 Aug. 2019; J. Haran leg.; at base of Oxalis cf. odorata; JHAR02512; CBGP. Description (♂) MEASUREMENTS. Body length 1.7–3.0 mm. COLOUR AND VESTITURE. Body integument black, antennae, tarsi and sometimes tibiae reddish. Dorsal vestiture (pronotum + elytra) consisting of overlapping, recumbent, parallel-sided clothing scales, 3× as long as wide, truncate at apex; colour of scales pale to dark brown; pale scales generally concentrated in two lateral bands on pronotum and on elytral interstriae 4 as well as forming a pair of white spots surrounded by darker scales at apical ⅔ of interstriae 2–3; dark scales concentrated in a pair of spots at base of pronotum near scutellar shield; scales of striae recumbent, in lateral view not distinct from rest of vestiture. HEAD. Forehead slightly wider than epifrons near antennal insertions, slightly wider than width of an eye, scales recumbent. Eyes convex, in dorsal view slightly exceeding outline of head, surrounded by a ring of short pale scales, on forehead directed towards occiput; distance between eye and scrobe smaller than width of antennal club. Epifrons with distance between antennal insertions as large as length of scape, scales in middle of epifrons at least 3× as long as wide, recumbent, not contiguous. Frons with 3 pairs of erect lateral setae. Epistome without median seta. Antennal funicles with segment 1 very elongate, 2× as long as 2; 2 and 4 compressed, strongly angular, toothed on inside; 3 isodiametric or slightly longer than wide; 5–7 globular, isodiametric. PRONOTUM. Transverse (W:L ratio 1.4), widest anteriorly of midlength, sides arcuate; apex slightly narrower than base. ELYTRA. Bullet-shaped, longer than wide (W:L ratio 0.9), sides convex, widest anteriorly of midlength. LEGS. All tibiae with small apical mucro; protibiae with outer margin straight, inner margin slightly bisinuate; metatibiae with inner setal fringe, setae shorter than segment 5 of metatarsus. Tarsi with segment 2 wider than long on forelegs and longer than wide on hindlegs. ABDOMEN. Ventrites with creamy-white plumose scales partly concealing integument, with long suberect setae not or only slightly bifid at apex, concentrated medially; ventrite 1 slightly concave medially, impression devoid of scales; ventrite 5 with scales concentrated laterally, medially bare. TERMINALIA. Body of penis moderately elongate (W:L ratio 0.4), slightly shorter than temones, sides subparallel in basal ⅔, converging in apical third; curvature in profile moderate and regular, more strongly downcurved near apex, dorsoventrally narrowed before apex. Copulatory sclerite shaped like a pair of sickles. Parameroid lobes separate, divided by deep median notch, each lobe slightly bilobate, with median sublobes bearing several long setae apically. Spiculum gastrale with basal arms long, right arm angulate at its midlength. Sexual dimorphism The sexes can be distinguished by the shape of the elytra (shorter in male than in female) and the forehead (narrower in male than in female). Life history Specimens of Cryptolarynx spinicornis sp. nov. were found at the bases of plants of Oxalis cf. luteola Jacq. and O. cf. odorata J.C. Manning & Goldblatt at sites where O. obtusa was also present. Distribution The species occurs in the Vanrhynsdorp area and up to 1500 m above sea level on the Great Escarpment near Sutherland (Fig. 13). Remarks Mitochondrial barcode sequences could not be obtained for this species, probably due to a mismatch in the primer sequences.

Insecta, Arthropoda, Arethaea solterae, Tettigoniidae, Animalia, Orthoptera, Biodiversity, Arethaea, and Taxonomy

Arethaea solterae Heads, Thomas & Hedlund sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 38B8E841-8A01-4CEC-8FA4- 6D328C81AE9F (Figs 2, 3) Holotype. INHS-P 2190-1: Adult male preserved in right lateral aspect on a roughly square slab of shale measuring 95×98× 6 mm. Several other insects are present on the slab including: fragmentary hymenopteran wings [INHSP 2190-2], a ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) [INHSP 2190-3], two froghoppers (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea) [INHS-P 2190-6 and INHS-P 2190-7], and two very fragmentary indeterminate insects [INHS-P 2190-4 and INHS-P 2190-5]. Etymology. The specific epithet honours our dear friend and colleague Dr Leellen Solter, whose hard work and dedication, both in the field and lab, have vastly improved the INHS Fossil Insect Collection. Diagnosis. The new species is separated from congeners by the following combination of characters: [1] pronotal disc almost completely flat with no apparent elevation or elaboration of the metazona; [2] principal sulcus of pronotum weakly developed; [3] metafemur 1 Originally placed in Nemobius Audinet-Serville, 1838 by Scudder (1878); later transferred by him to Pronemobius Scudder, 1890 on description of the latter genus (Scudder, 1890). 2 Originally placed in Pronemobius by Scudder (1890); later transferred to Pteromogoplistes by Gorochov (in Gorochov & Labandeira, 2012). Although Gorochov was unable to re-examine the type specimen, his argument for the new combination is convincing and is followed here. 3 Originally placed in Tyrbula Scudder, 1885 by Scudder (1890); later tentatively transferred to Eoerianthus by Gorochov (in Gorochov & Labandeira, 2012). The type specimen of T. multispinosa is fragmentary and requires revision but we follow the new combination suggested by Gorochov here as it is clear from Scudder’s illustration that it is not an acridid. 4 This species was recently transferred to the genus Tettigidea Scudder, 1862 by Silva et al. (2021) though the latter authors neither examined the type material nor any other specimens and based their synonymy of Eotetrix with Tettigidea solely on the line drawings in Gorochov & Labandeira (2012). Since no photographs of E. unicornis have ever been published, we regard this as premature and illadvised, and retain Eotetrix as a separate and valid genus until such a time as all available specimens can be properly reviewed . approx. seven times longer than pronotum and approx. 70% as long as metatibiae; [4] first abdominal tergite without prominent glandular process. Type locality and horizon. USA: Colorado: Rio Blanco County: approximately 35 km south of Meeker on County Road 5: 39.7291, -107.9768. Green River Formation: Parachute Creek Member (Eocene:Ypresian— Lutetian). Description. Body form cryptic, typical of the genus. Head elongate, with fastigium verticis and frons produced somewhat anteriorly; antennae incomplete, very long and slender; eye faintly preserved but apparently elongate and elliptic in form; mouthparts well-sclerotised, elongate. Thorax with “hump-like” form typical of the genus; pronotum sellate, disc almost completely flat, metazona not elevated, lateral margin broadly rounded with distinct marginal carina; meso- and metathoraces with welldeveloped flight muscles visible. Tegmina long, narrow, missing apices, at least twice as long as abdomen, venation indistinctly preserved. Legs extremely long and slender, typical of the genus; proleg incompletely preserved, with profemur at least one-third longer than pronotum, and protibia bearing tiny spines; mesoleg not preserved; metafemur extremely slender, approx. seven times as long as pronotum; metatibia extremely slender, approx. threetenths longer than metafemur, bearing two rows of small, well-sclerotised dorsal spines along entire length; 1 st and 2 nd metatarsomeres of equal length; 3 rd metatarsomere slightly shorter, with pad projecting somewhat distally; 4th metarsomere at least twice as long as 3 rd, gently curved, with prominent tarsal claws. Abdomen approx. half as long as tegmina; 1 st tergite simple, lacking prominent tooth-like glandular process; entire abdomen preserved in sagittal section with internal soft tissues exceptionally preserved; anterior midgut (ventriculus) coiled, preserved as dark organic compression; at least five distinct tubulelike structures present in posterior half of abdominal cavity associated with a small but distinct ovoid structure closely resemble accessory glands and testis, with other undifferentiated soft tissues resembling fat body. Measurements. Total body length approx. 18.0 mm; head 2.9 mm long (measured from vertex to apex of mouthparts); pronotum 2.5 mm long; tegmina at least 21.6 mm (apical part not preserved); profemur at least 7.4 mm long (not completely preserved); metafemur approx. 19.0 mm long; metatibia 27.1 mm; metabasitarsus approx. 0.6 mm long; 2nd metatarsomere approx. 0.6 mm long; 3rd metatarsomere approx. 0.4 mm; 4th metatarsomere approx. 0.8 mm long; abdomen 11.4 mm long. Remarks. The assignment of A. solterae sp. nov. to Arethaea is strongly supported by its extremely long and slender legs (profemur approximately 2.5× the length of the pronotum and metafemur at least twice as long as the abdomen), very narrow tegmina (in males at least more than 8× longer than wide), and eyes markedly elongate and elliptic (see Hebard, 1936; Capinera et al., 2004). Detailed comparison of A. solterae sp. nov. with extant species of the genus is limited by the preservation of the specimen. While exceptionally well-preserved, the holotype of A. solterae sp. nov. being preserved as an organic compression in right lateral aspect (Fig. 2A) makes assessment of the posterior margin of the pronotum (a character used to separate extant species) impossible. Moreover, the cerci, which are also an important character used to delimit extant species, are not preserved in A. solterae sp. nov. The form of the apices of the pro- and mesofemora was noted as being particularly useful in separating species by Hebard (1936), though are also insufficiently preserved in A. solterae sp. nov. to be informative. Nevertheless, it is clear that the first abdominal tergite in A. solterae sp. nov. does not bear the prominent, somewhat tooth-like glandular process typical of many species of the genus. In this respect, A. solterae sp. nov. most closely resembles A. sellata, with which it also shares similar relative proportions (see Rehn, 1907), but differs in being slightly larger and with the dorsal surface of the pronotum being generally flat, without any notable elevation of the metazona. While the latter character state may be plesiomorphic, it is a feature known only in A. solterae sp. nov., readily separating it from all extant species of the genus.
Published as part of HEADS, SAM W., THOMAS, M. JARED, HEDLUND, TYLER J. & WANG, YINAN, 2023, A new fossil katydid of the genus Arethaea Stål (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with exceptionally preserved internal organs from the Eocene Green River Formation of Colorado, pp. 268-277 in Palaeoentomology 6 (3) on pages 270-273, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/8073010
{"references":["Gorochov, A. V. & Labandeira, C. C. (2012) Eocene Orthoptera from Green River Formation of Wyoming (USA). Russian Entomological Journal, 21 (4), 357 - 370. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / rusentj. 21.4.02","Scudder, S. H. (1890) The Tertiary insects of North America. Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories, 13, 734 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 44698","Cockerell, T. D. A. (1921) Some Eocene insects from Colorado and Wyoming. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 59, 29 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.59 - 2358.29","Scudder, S. H. (1878) The fossil insects of the Green River shales. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 4 (4), 747 - 776.","Gorochov, A. V. (1992) New and little-known fossil Grylloidea (Orthoptera) from Eurasia. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, 1992 (2), 96 - 102.","Stal, C. (1876) Observations orthopterologiques 2. Les genres Acridoidees de la fauna Europeenne. Apercu des Acridoidees de l'Amerique du Nord. Bihang till Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps - Akademiens Handlingar, 4 (5), 1 - 58.","Audinet-Serville, J. G. (1838) Histoire naturelle des insectes Orthopteres. Nouvelles suites a Buffon. Roret, Paris, xviii + 776 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 16081","Scudder, S. H. (1885) Insecta. In: Zittel, K. A. (Ed.), Handbuch der Palaeontologie. 1. Abtheilung; 2. Band, Mollusca und Arthropoda. Oldenbourg Druck under Verlag, M ¸ nchen und Leipzig, pp. 747 - 831","Scudder, S. H. (1862) Materials for a monograph of the North American Orthoptera including a catalogue of the known New England species. Boston Journal of Natural History, 7 (3), 409 - 480. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 11211","Silva, D. S. M., Cadena-Casaneda, O. J. & Pereira, M. R. (2021) Batrachideinae (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Tetrigidae): an overview of the most diverse tetrigids of the Neotropical region. Zootaxa, 4946 (1), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4946.1.1","Hebard, M. (1936) Studies in Orthoptera which occur in North America north of the Mexican boundary: VI. A revision of the genus Arethaea (Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 62, 231 - 256.","Capinera, J. L., Scott, R. D. & Walker, T. J. (2004) Field guide to grasshoppers, katydids, and crickets of the United States. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, vii + 249 pp.","Rehn, J. A. G. (1907) Notes on Orthoptera from southern Arizona, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 59, 24 - 81."]}

Hemiptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Cercopidae, Animalia, Biodiversity, Paracercopis, and Taxonomy

Genus Paracercopis Schmidt Paracercopis Schmidt, 1925: 4; Lallemand, 1949: 80; Metcalf, 1961: 550; Nast, 1972: 157. Type species: Cercopis (Callitettix) seminigra Melichar, 1902: 105, pl. v, fig. 11, by original designation. Esakius Ôuchi, 1943: 498. Type species: Esakius sinensis Ôuchi, 1943: 498, by original designation. [Synonymized by Liang, 1993 (1992): 444.] Generic diagnosis. Members of Paracercopis can be distinguished from other cercopid genera by the combination of the following characters: body medium-sized, relatively robust, oval (Figs 1A–D, 5A, 5D); postclypeus centrally longitudinally sulcate (Fig. 5C); hindwing with 4 closed apical cells, Cu 1a and Cu 1b on short stalk, cross vein m-cu meeting Cu 1a well after furcation Cu 1a /Cu 1b, basal half of Cu 1b strongly arched against Cu 2, fourth apical cell very long and large (Fig. 4A); hind tibiae with one lateral stout spine, and the male genitalia with the subgenital plates with basal body large and elongate, apex constricted into spinous process, basal plate present, parameres elongate with apex furcated, aedeagal shaft relatively short, broad and robust, apex without spinous processes; gonopore subapical on dorsal edge. The unique hindwing venation pattern (Cu 1a and Cu 1b on short stalk, cross vein m-cu meeting Cu 1a well after furcation Cu 1a /Cu 1b), oval body shape, genital styles with stout apical processes, and short and broad aedeagal shaft [see Liang 1993 (1992)] appear to be good autapomorphies of Paracercopis that support the monophyly of the genus. Paracercopis has close affinity to the Oriental Paracercopoides Liang, 1994 in head morphology, hindwing venation, and structure of the male genitalia, but can be distinguished by the broadly sulcate postclypeus (very narrowly sulcate in Paracercopoides); hindwing with cross vein m-cu meeting Cu 1a well after furcation Cu 1a /Cu 1b (Fig. 4A) [m-cu meeting Cu 1a just before furcation Cu 1a /Cu 1b in the males or well before furcation Cu 1a /Cu 1b in the females in Paracercopoides (Fig. 4B)] and the basal half of Cu 1b strongly arched against Cu 2 (Fig. 4A) [nearly straight and more remote from Cu 2 in Paracercopoides (Fig. 4B)]; and the minutiae of the male genitalia. This genus is also closely related to several other Oriental genera, including Eoscarta Breddin, with the sulcate postclypeus and the hind tibiae with one lateral spur, but can be separated reliably by hindwing venation and the structure of the male genitalia. Ultrastructure of antennal sensilla of Paracercopis seminigra. Antennae with scape cylindrical and short (Figs 2A, 2B); pedicel cylindrical and relatively elongate, with surface transversely imbricated (Figs 2A, 2B); flagellar base expanded and hidden in apical cavity of pedicel and visible in ventrolateral view, with surface sparsely transversely imbricated (Figs 2A, 2B). Three types of sensilla, namely basiconic sensillum, coeloconic sensillum and trichoid sensillum were found in the antennae. The basiconic and coeloconic sensilla are found on the expanded flagellar base and the trichoid sensilla are seen in the pedicel. The expanded flagellar base bears a large and distinct basiconic sensillum and 8–10 coeloconic sensilla (Figs 2A– D). The basiconic sensillum is large, peg-like and is located in a large, broad, shallow pit at the apex of the expanded flagellar base (Figs 2A–D). It is broad basally and is tapered to a blunt apex pointing along the flagellar extension, with the outer cuticular surface pitted (Figs 2C, 2D). It is about 62 μm long and 17.5 μm in width subbasally. The coeloconic sensilla are porous structures located at the upper ventrolateral area of the expanded flagelar base (Figs 2A, 2C, 2D). They are concentrated on left side of the basiconic sensillum with a diameter of 4.12–6.90 μm (Figs 2A, 2C, 2D). Six hair-like trichoid sensilla are present in a cluster near the base of the pedicel laterally (Fig. 2A). They are 56–67 μm long and are curved toward the antennal shaft (Fig. 2A). The hair bases are inserted tightly into a small cuticular socket and protrude between 30–40° from the antenna. Very similar trichoid sensilla were seen on the antenna of some other cercopid spittlebug species, for example, Euryaulax carnifex (Fabricius) from Australia, Tomaspis inca (Guérin-Méneville) from Central America and Cercopis sanguinolenta (Scopoli) from Europe (Liang & Fletcher 2002; Liang unpublished data). The ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla in P. seminigra is similar to that found in species from the Oriental and Australian cercopid genera Sounama Distant, Aufidus Stål, Euryaulax Kirkaldy, Petyllis Kirkaldy and Tonnoiria Lallemand (Liang & Webb 2022; Liang & Fletcher 2002). Rostral sensilla of Paracercopis seminigra. The rostral tip of P. seminigra consists of 2 lateral lobes separated by dorsal stylet groove, each lateral lobe possessing two terminal fields of 8 basiconic sensilla (Fig. 2E–H): both inner and outer terminal fields each having two types of 4 basiconic sensilla, type I sensillum (b 1 in Figs 2F and 2G) being 3 in number, relatively long (ca. 20 μm in length, 4.3 μm in width basally and 0.9 μm in width apically), gradually tapered from base to apex and having longitudinally grooved surface; type II sensillum (b 2 in Figs 2F–G) being 1 in number, distinctly short (ca. 15 μm in length), relative broad and blunt (ca. 5.8 μm in width basally and 1.2 μm in width apically) and having smooth surface and several very fine pits on surface. The type I sensilla are possibly mechanosensory organs and the type II sensilla are possibly chemical sense organs. Biology. In common with most spittlebug groups, currently few biological data are available for species of Paracercopis. Here some host plant associations of several Paracercopis species are reported for the first time. P. seminigra (Melichar, 1902) was found in a species of the family Criceferae in Chongqiang, southwestern China. An unidentified Paracercopis species in Yunnan, southwestern China was found in a species of Pteridophyta. The nymphs of P. chekiangensis Ôuchi, 1943 produce conspicuous masses of cuckoo-spit on shrubs of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb (Fig. 1E). Some Paracercopis species can be attracted at light (Liang unpublished data). Distribution. Paracercopis occurs in southern and central China, from Zhejiang Province in the east through to Xizang (Tibet) in the west, in the northeastern India and northern Burma, Vietnam and Thailand (new country record).
Published as part of Liang, Ai-Ping, Zhang, Pei-Yi, Zhu, Xiao-Qing, Wang, Ye-Qing & Xiao, Neng-Wen, 2023, The Oriental spittlebug genus Paracercopis Schmidt (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Cercopidae) revisited, with description of one new species from Hubei, China, pp. 232-242 in Zootaxa 5306 (2) on pages 237-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/8058774
{"references":["Schmidt, E. (1925) Paracercopis, eine neue Cercopidengattung. Societas Entomologica, 40, 4 - 5.","Lallemand, V. (1949) Revision des Cercopinae (Hemiptera Homoptera). Premiere partie. Memoires du Musee royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, 32 (2), 1 - 193, pls. i - iv.","Metcalf, Z. P. (1961) General catalogue of the Homoptera. Fasc. VII, Cercopoidea. Part 2. Cercopidae. Waverly, Baltimore, Maryland, 607 pp.","Nast, J. (1972) Palaearctic Auchenorrhyncha (Homoptera): an Annotated Check List. Polish Scientific Publishers, Warszawa, 550 pp.","Melichar, L. (1902) Homopteren aus West-China, Persien und dem Sud-Ussuri-Gebiete gesammelt von Potanin, Berezovski, Zarudny und Jankovski. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Acaemie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, 7, 76 - 146.","Ouchi, Y. (1943) Contributiones ad Congnitionem Insectorum Asiae Orientalis 12. Notes on some cercopid insects from east China. Shanghai Sizenkagaku Kenkyusyo Ibo, 13 (6), 496 - 504. [in Japanese with English summary]","Liang, A. - P. [1993 (1992)] A revision of the spittlebug genus Paracercopis Schmidt (Homoptera: Cercopidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 23 (4), 443 - 452. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631292 x 00236","Liang, A. - P. (1994) Paracercopoides, a new Oriental spittlebug genus related to Paracercopis Schmidt (Insecta: Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cercopidae). Reichenbachia Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 30, 123 - 127.","Haupt, H. (1924) Die Homoptera der Tibetreise W. St ˆ tzners. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1923, 295 - 306.","Liang, A. - P. & Fletcher, M. J. (2002) Morphology of the antennal sensilla in four Australian spittlebug species (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) with implications for phylogeny. Australian Journal of Entomology, 41 (1), 39 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1440 - 6055.2002.00266. x"]}

Insecta, Arthropoda, Ducetia, Tettigoniidae, Animalia, Orthoptera, Biodiversity, Ducetia assamica, and Taxonomy

Ducetia assamica Tiwari and Diwakar sp. n. (Fig. 2–3, Table 2) Material examined. Holotype: Male. INDIA: Assam, Hollangapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, Jorhat ~ 120 m a.s.l. 2015, Coll. Chandranshu Tiwari, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, 110007 (Delhi), India. Paratype: Assam, Hollangapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, Jorhat ~ 120 m a.s.l., 2021 Coll. Chandranshu Tiwari (2 ♁). Type locality. Hollangapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, Jorhat, Assam, India. Measurements (length in mm): Body 16.99 (1.34); tegmen 22.98 (0.69), pronotum 3.82 (0.57); pro-femur 6.55 (0.35); meso-femur 7.84 (0.46); post-femur 18.85 (0.57); pro-tibia 6.97 (0.58); meso-tibia 7.87 (1.03); post-tibia 20.67 (0.93); file 1.52 (0.13). Distribution. Crepescular - Nocturnal. Bushes and shrubs, fallow land, gardens on the forest edge. In addition to type locality, the new species was also recorded by the collector in ONGC colony, Cinnamara in Jorhat. The collector also heard the same call type in Namdapha Tiger Reserve, Arunachal Pradesh. The species is likely to be distributed in North-East Himalayas. Seasonal occurrence: The species was observed perennially at the type locality. Etymology. The species is named after Assam where the species was first discovered and recorded from. The species epithet refer to the location of the type locality. Adjective following Ducetia in gender. Differential diagnosis. The new species is allied to Ducetia japonica (Thunberg, 1815) but differs in following characters: significantly smaller size, hind lobes of subgenital plate narrowing from the base towards the tip. The call pattern of D. assamica matches with the calling song of northern type D. japonica but differs in significantly longer call duration and composition of concluding trill segment (Heller et al. 2017; Tiwari and Diwakar 2023). Description: Male: Body small and slender. Head. Fastigium verticis narrow conical, dorsally furrowed, apex subacute, separated from fastigium frontis by a rectangular step. Eye ovoid, slightly bulging. Pronotum with disc rounded into paranota, only apical area flat and shouldered. Legs. Anterior coxa with a small spine. Anterior femur slightly compressed. Genicular lobes of all legs bispinose. Tibial tympana open on both sides. Femora with following number of spines on ventral margins: femur 6–7 external, 5–6 internal; mesofemur 10–12 external, no internal; postfemur 9–10 external, no internal. Pro- and mesotibiae each with 4 apical spurs and following number of spines: protibia 11–12 ventro-internal, 9–10 ventro external, 6–7 dorso-external, 5–6 dorso-interal; mesotibia 1–2 ventro-internal, 7–8 ventro-external, 6–7 dorso-internal, 4–5 dorso-external, posterior tibia with 6 apical spurs possessed 18–20 ventro-internal, 29–31 ventro-external, 33–34 dorso-internal and 30–32 dorso-external spines. Spines on ventral margins scarce near base, close towards apex. Wings. Tegmina surpassing hind knee; Radius sector branching pectinately before middle of tegmina. Hind wings caudate. Stridulatory file. with 121±3 teeth (n=3), which are large and spaced in basal half, gradually becoming narrower and denser towards the apex. Male. genitalia. Subgenital plate without apical teeth, divided from apex for almost half of its length, dorsad and covered on internal surface with small spinules with a medial furrow continuing to the base. Distal lobes contiguous. Cerci long, slender, feebly directed upwards with interno-ventral ridge. Female: Unknown. Supposed to be similar to that of D. japonica. Coloration: Green and brown color morphs. Males with a narrow brown medial band starting from head continuing to disc of pronotum and dorsal margin of tegmen. Tegmen with little conspicuous black dots in cells. Antennae pale brown, annulated. Pro- and mid femora brown; posterior femora green with dark dots on dorsal areas, anterior tibia tympanum yellowish brown. Tibial segments dark brown-black. Tegmen appears green/yellow when live, but is hyaline with veins and veinlets brown. Stridulatory vein brown with brownish-black file, cerci darkened towards tip. Depositories: The specimen are deposited in the Department of Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi.
Published as part of Tiwari, Chandranshu & Diwakar, Swati, 2023, Description of two new species of the Genus Ducetia Stål 1874 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from India, pp. 292-300 in Zootaxa 5296 (2) on pages 294-296, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5296.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/7973032
{"references":["Nagar, R., Mal, J. & Swaminathan, R. (2015) Some common and less known Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae) with the description of a new species from India. Zootaxa, 4027 (3), 301 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4027.3.1","Ingrisch, S. & Shishodia, M. S. (1998) New species and records of Tettigoniidae from India (Ensifera). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 71 (3 - 4), 355 - 371.","Thunberg, C. P. (1815) Hemipterorum maxillosorum genera illustrata plurimisque novis speciebus ditata ac descripta, Memoires de l Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, 5, 211 - 301.","Heller, K. G., Ingrisch, S, Liu, C. X., Shi, F. M., Hemp, C., Warchalowska-Sliwa, E. & Rentz, D. C. (2017) Complex songs and cryptic ethospecies: the case of the Ducetia japonica group (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea: Phaneropteridae: Phaneropterinae). Zoological Journal of Linnean Society, 181 (2), 286 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlw 019","Tiwari, C. & Diwakar, S. (2023) The katydid country: bioacoustics and ecology of tettigoniid communities from the Indian subcontinent. Bioacoustics, 32 (1), 48 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09524622.2022.2064330"]}

Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Insecta, Arthropoda, Animalia, Biodiversity, Cionus, Cionus angulicollis, and Taxonomy

17. Cionus angulicollis Rosenschoeld (Figs 17a–f) Cionus angulicollis Rosenschoeld, 1838: 737. Cionus chilianthi Marshall, 1941: 28. (syn. n.) Type locality. Cape of Good Hope (South Africa). Type series. This species was described from specimens collected in “Caput Bonae Spei” received by Drège. In NHRS we examined one female labelled “Cap. b. sp., Drège / Typus”, which we designated as the lectotype by adding the following label “ LECTOTYPE Cionus angulicollis Rosensch. des. Caldara & Košťál 2014”. Synonyms. Cionus chilianthi was described based on eight specimens: five collected at Storm River and three in Cape Province without more detailed data. In BMNH we examined the holotype labelled “Type [round white card with red margins] / Storms River, Cape Prov., 14 Jan 1925 / Reported destroying leaves of Chilianthus oleaceus / Pres. by Imp. Inst. Ent. B.M. 1941-13 / Cionus chilianthi Mshl. TYPE. male” and five paratypes labelled respectively “Co–, type [round white card with yellow margins] / Storms River, Cape Prov., 14 Jan 1925 / Reported destroying leaves of Chilianthus oleaceus / Pres. by Imp. Inst. Ent. B.M. 1941-13 / Cionus chilianthi Mshl. COTYPE. ♀ ” (2 specimens); “C. Bon Spei / Fry Coll. 1905.100. / Cionus chilianthi Mshl. COTYPE ♁”; “39520 / C. Bon Spei / Fry Coll. 1905.100 / Cionus chilianthi Mshl. COTYPE ♀ ”; “Cafrerie / Cionus chilianthi Mshl. COTYPE ♁ / GAK Marshall BMNH (E) 1950-255”. All these specimens do not show relevant differences from the lectotype of C. angulicollis. Two specimens with the same data as the holotype, but without Marshall’s labels, are preserved at SANC. Diagnosis. Pronotum with two moderately pronounced protuberances. Elytra grayish with white and dark spots on odd interstriae. Elongated hair-like scales forming distinct tuft on V 2 in male. Claws of meso- and metatarsi distinctly asymmetrical in both sexes. Redescription. Male (Figs 17a–b). Body: robust, globose. Head: rostrum stout, short (Rl/Rw 3.65–3.70, Rl/ Pl 1.17–1.21), black, in lateral view slightly curved, weakly tapered from antennal insertion to apex, in dorsal view parallel-sided, slightly enlarged apicad, striate-punctate with longitudinal distinct flattened carina along midline; in basal half with moderately dense, recumbent, elliptical, short to moderately long (l/w 3–7) whitish and light brown scales. Head between eyes moderately narrow, half as wide as rostrum at base. Eyes flat. Antennae dark brown, inserted between middle and apical third; scape long (l/w 9); funicle slightly shorter than scape, S1 moderately robust, slightly more robust than and as long as S2, 2.0× as long as wide, S2 2.3 × as long as wide, S3–5 transverse; club moderately oblongly oval, shorter than funicle, uniformly pubescent. Pronotum: dark brown, with small and regular punctures, completely hidden by dense, recumbent, moderately long (l/w 4–6), rectangular, intermixed whitish and brown scales, with whitish scales more numerous on sides and along basal half of midline; conical, moderately transverse (Pw/Pl 1.47–1.53), widest at base, with rectilinear sides, weakly convex, with two small lateral protuberances. Prosternum: anterior margin distinctly emarginated. Scutellar shield: heart-shaped, densely covered with white narrow scales. Elytra: dark brown, moderately long (El/Ew 1.15–1.21), subrectangular, widest in basal half, distinctly wider than pronotum (Ew/Pw 1.60–1.64), humeri distinct, rounded, sides in basal half subrectilinear, moderately convex on disc; interstriae almost flat, with very small punctures, almost smooth, completely hidden by recumbent, rectangular whitish scales with alternating small dark brown and whitish spots on odd interstriae; striae with small, moderately deep punctures, 1/3 as wide as interstriae, completely hidden by scales. Venter: mesosternal process moderately convex, not emarginated. Metasternum densely covered with wide and narrow intermixed white scales, distinctly shorter than V1. Abdomen with small and shallow punctures, completely hidden by moderately elongated scales, partly more elongated, hair-like in middle of V1, V2 and V5, forming distinct tuft on V2; V1 1.6× as long as V2; V1+2 5.0× as long as V3+4, latter ones 0.8× as long as V5. Legs: moderately densely covered with elongated, whitish and light brown intermixed scales; femora black, with robust sharp teeth; tibiae black, unci absent; tarsi black, onychium twice as long as T3; protarsal claws almost symmetrical and connate in basal 2/3, one claw of meso- and metatarsi by 1/3 shorter than other. Penis: Figs 17d–f, its body with rectilinear sides narrowing from base to apex, tip short, shallowly emarginated. Flagellum moderately robust, moderately long, bifurcated at base. Female. Rostrum very slightly longer (l/ w 4.20; Rl/Pl 1.22) (Fig. 17c), protarsal claws symmetrical but not connate, on meso- and metatarsi one claw 1/2 as long as other, abdomen with all scales similar in shape. Variability. Length 3.0– 4.1 mm. The dorsal vestiture vary from grey to yellowish brown, whereas the elytral spots on odd interstriae vary somewhat in number. Sometimes the dark spots are poorly visible. Remarks. This species is very similar to C. meticulosus, from which it differs by the smaller size, elytra elliptical, not rectangular, moderately imbricate scales on the elytra, here black spots on odd interstriae more numerous, protarsal claws almost symmetrical and connate in the male. Biological notes. Collgected in various localities from Buddleja salviifolia (det. Urban and M. Košťál). Distribution. South Africa (Eastern Cape, Western Cape). Non-type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape: W Bisho, km 35 from Peddie road N2, 33° 16’ S 26°48’ E, 14.XI.2006, leg. Osella (5, GOCV); Grahmstown, 23.I.1904 (1, BMNH); Grahamstown 10 km SW, 350 m, 33°22’S 26°28’E, 26.XI.2017, leg. Košťál (9, MKCS); Kareedouw Pass,, 450 m, 33°57’S 24°16’E, 16.XI.2006, leg. Osella (3, GOCV); Loerieheuwel, 10 km SW, 33°22’S 26°28’E, 20.XI.2017, on Buddleja sp., leg. Košťál (1, MKCS); Uitenhage, sandrift, 1230 m, 33°58’S 24°03’E, 16.XI.2006, leg. Osella (2, GOCV); Zuurberg Pass road, 550 m, 33°21’S 25°44’E, 17.XI.2006, leg. Colonnelli (1, ECCR); Western Cape: Bontebok, 34°04’S 20°27’E, 22.IV.1995, leg. Deckert (3, ZMHB); George, 33°58’S 22°27’E, I.1990, collected from leaves of Buddleja salviifolia, leg. Urban (10, RCCM; 100, SANC); Karatara, 33°54’S 22°50’E, 28.XII.1996, leg. Stals & Stahmer (1, SANC); Little Karroo, Oudtshoorn 10 km N, 33°29’S 22°15’E, 22.X.1993, leg. Endrödi-Younga (1, TMSA); Plettenbergbaai, 6.I.1971, leg. Strydom (2, SANC); Swellendam, 34°00’S 20°82’E, 20.IV.2019, leg. Haran (1, CBGP); Wilderness N. P. Half Collard Kingfisher trail km 0–1, 33°98’S 22°60’E, 28.XI.2013, leg. Wanat (7, MNHW).
Published as part of Caldara, Roberto & Košťál, Michael, 2023, A Taxonomic Revision Of The Afrotropical Species Of The Weevil Genus Cionus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), pp. 1-98 in Zootaxa 5288 (1) on pages 35-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5288.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7958875
{"references":["Rosenschoeld, E. M. (1838) [new taxa]. In: Schoenherr, C. J. (Ed.), Genera et species Curculionidum, cum synonymia hujus familiae. Species novae aut hactenus minus cognitae, descriptionibus a Dom. Leonardo Gyllenhal, C. H. Boheman, et entomologis aliis illustratae. Tomus quartus. Pars secunda. Roret, Parisiis, pp. 601 - 1121. [1122 - 1124 (Corrigenda)]","Marshall, G. A. K. (1941) New Curculionidae (Coleoptera) from Southern Africa. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 4, 15 - 32."]}

Hemiptera, Limnocoris, Insecta, Naucoridae, Arthropoda, Limnocoris burmeisteri, Animalia, Biodiversity, and Taxonomy

Limnocoris burmeisteri De Carlo, 1967 (Figs. 3, 6C–D, 13B) Limnocoris burmeisteri De Carlo, 1967: 197–198 (original description). Limnocoris bachmanni De Carlo, 1967: 198–199 (original description) (synon. by Nieser & López-Ruf 2001: 320). Limnocoris lautereri Nieser, Chen & Melo, 2013: 336–341 (original description) (new synonym). Limnocoris burmeisteri: La Rivers 1971: 75 (catalog); Nieser & López-Ruf 2001: 318 (catalog); Cunha et al. 2015: 427 (new record); Moreira et al. 2016: 20 (new records). Limnocoris bachmanni: Nieser 1975: 64–66 (redescription). Diagnosis. Body length 5.65–7.40, body width 4.00–5.30. The shagreened area of the propleuron extends posteriorly halfway along the length of the lateral margin (Fig. 3D). The mesosternal carina has a short anterior projection and the rounded to elliptical fossa contains short golden hairs along the inner margin of the rim; the median ridge is straight (Fig. 3D) and the posterior margin after the fossa is excavated in lateral view (Fig. 3G). The lateral margin of the embolium is shallowly convex, widening to a broadly rounded inflection at the posterior third, and the margin is almost straight to shallowly concave posteriorly. The lateral margins of the abdominal terga are serrated and tergum V has 19–23 teeth (Fig. 3E). Male abdominal tergum VII has the posterior margin shallowly concave medially, with a pair of small lobes laterally (Fig. 6C). The female subgenital plate is rounded to narrowly rounded posteriorly (Fig. 3F). Supplemental description. Antenna not exceeding lateral margin of eye; flagellomeres slender, not partially fused, with long setae. Maxillary plate broad basally, anterior edge triangular. Labrum with distal margin tapered to apex. Posteroventral margin of head with postgenal tubercle. Propleuron with shagreened area extending posteriorly halfway along length of lateral margin (Fig. 3D); posterior margin convex at mid-length; posteromesal corner near prosternellum deflexed ventrally as a papilla. Region between mesobasisternum and mesoepisternum with longitudinal row of elongate golden setae. Mesosternal carina with short anterior projection and rounded to elliptical fossa containing short golden hairs inside rim; median ridge straight, and posterior margin after fossa excavated in lateral view. Metasternal carina oval to teardrop-shaped, slightly tapered posteriorly (Fig. 3D); posterior margin excavated in lateral view (Fig. 3G). Sternum II with sinuous row of elongate golden setae; sterna with elongate golden setae generally dispersed, concentrated near midline (Fig. 3F). Male: mediotergite VI with accessory genitalic process narrowly rounded; posterior margin with small, sometimes indistinct, notch on left side; posterior margin of mediotergite VII shallowly convex medially, with pair of small lobes laterally (Fig. 6C); lateral lobe of tergum VIII with lateral margin straight in anterior half; left medial lobe with posteromesal corner rounded, poorly angled laterally at apex; right medial lobe slightly twisted in apical third (Fig. 6D). Female: lateral margins of female subgenital plate with a tuft of elongate golden setae, posterior margin rounded to narrowly rounded (Fig. 3F). Comparative notes. This species has the shape of the mesosternal carina and the serrated lateral margin of the abdomen similar to those of L. fittkaui, L. inflatus n. sp., L. menkei, L. minutus, L. moreirai n. sp., and L. surinamensis n. stat. The number of teeth in the serrated lateral margin varies among species. In L. burmeisteri, L. inflatus, and L. moreirai, abdominal tergum V of males and females has 19 or more teeth, whereas in the other species the number of teeth reaches at most 19. Limnocoris burmeisteri and L. inflatus are differentiated from L. moreirai by the presence of the longitudinal row of elongate golden setae on the mesosternum (Figs. 3D, 7D) and by the hemelytra without reduction after the embolium (Figs. 3A, 3C, 7A); whereas in L. moreirai, the longitudinal row of golden setae on the mesosternum is absent (Fig. 9C) and the hemelytra is distinctly reduced after the embolium (Fig. 9A). Limnocoris burmeisteri differs from L. inflatus by the curvature of the embolium and by the shape of the median carina of abdominal sternum II. In L. burmeisteri, the lateral margin of the embolium is shallowly convex, widening to a broadly rounded inflection in the posterior third (Fig. 3A, 3C); whereas in L. inflatus, the lateral margin of the embolium is mostly straight in the anterior 2/3 and dramatically widened in the posterior third (Fig. 7A). Discussion. Limnocoris lautereri Nieser, Chen & Melo was described from Presidente Figueiredo, northern Brazil, and the authors compared it with L. illiesi and L. pusillus based mainly on the total length of the body (Nieser et al. 2013). After examining the holotypes and paratypes of L. burmeisteri, L. bachmanni De Carlo and L. lautereri, only small differences were evident in body color and embolium curvature, while all other important features were similar among the three species. Thus, L. lautereri is proposed here as a junior synonym of L. burmeisteri. We also maintain L. bachmanni as a junior synonym for L. burmeisteri, an act proposed by Nieser & López-Ruf (2001). Distribution. This species is distributed from the Guiana Shield to central-western Brazil, in the states of Mato Grosso and Tocantins (Fig. 13B). Published records. Brazil: Amazonas and Pará (De Carlo 1967; Pereira & Melo 2007; Nieser et al. 2013; Cunha et al. 2015). Suriname: Brokopondo, Marowijne, Saramacca, and Suriname (Nieser 1975). Venezuela: Bolívar (Moreira et al. 2016). Type material examined. All specimens brachypterous. HOLOTYPE of L. burmeisteri, ♁ (ZSMC), BRAZIL, Amazonas, Amazonasgebiet, Ob. Rio Negro, Jandia-Ig., 19.9.52, leg. H. Sioli, S266-b, Holotypus, Limnocoris burmeisteri De Carlo. PARATYPES of L. burmeisteri: same data as holotype (2♁ INPA, Hemip009–010; 2♁, 1♀ ‘allotype’ ZSMC). HOLOTYPE of L. bachmanni, ♁ (ZSMC), BRAZIL, Pará,Amazonasgebiet, Belém, Ig. Benfica, 13.12.60, leg. W. Sattler, Sa875, Holotypus, Limnocoris bachmanni De Carlo. PARATYPES of L. bachmanni: same data as holotype (1♀ ‘allotype’ ZSMC; 1♁, 1♀ INPA, Hemip002–003). HOLOTYPE of L. lautereri, ♁ (DPIC), BRAZIL, Amazonas, Pitinga, 00°47’28.7”S, 60°04’12.2”W, Estande de Tiros, 02.IV.2000, D.L.V. Pereira col. PARATYPE of L. lautereri: same data as holotype (1♀ DPIC). Additional material examined. BRAZIL, Roraima: Parque Indígena Auaris, igarapé do posto, 2475, 05.III.1994, V. Py-Daniel, U. Barbosa & Orlando col. (3♁, 2♀ brachypterous MZUSP); Serra de Surucucu, igarapé sem nome, G-3, 1989, 27.XI.1991, V. Py-Daniel & U. Barbosa col. (1♁ brachypterous MZUSP). Amazonas: Rio Negro, Ig. Jandiá, 19.IX.1952, S266-6, leg. H. Sioli (1♁, 1♀ brachypterous USNM); São Gabriel da Cachoeira, BR-307, igarapé no Km 9, 26.VIII.2011, R. Ferreira-Keppler, P.V. Cruz, A. Fernandes & E.A Reis col. (4♁, 1♀ brachypterous MZUSP); Médio Puruz, 01.VII.1979, J. Campbell (1♁ brachypterous INPA). Pará: Belém, 21–23.IX.1937 (1♁, 2♀ brachypterous USNM); Monte Dourado, Balneário ATAJ, 09.IV.2002, B.M. Mascarenhas col. (1♁, 2♀ brachypterous MPEG); Ourém, Fazenda Gavião Real, 02.V.1992, B.M. Mascarenhas (3♁ brachypterous MPEG); Tucuruí, Rio Tocantins, bagagem 21.VI.1984, B. Mascarenhas (1♀ brachypterous MPEG); Tucuruí, margem esq. Ig. Saúde, 22.VI.1984, B. Mascarenhas (1♁ brachypterous MPEG); Serra Norte, N 1 Cachoeira, 11.IX.1983, R.B. Neto col., 14000410 (1♀ MPEG); Carajás, Buritizal II, riacho principal, cascalho e areia, 08.IX.2006, N. Ferreira-Jr & L.L. Dumas leg. (2♁ macropterous DZRJ); Canaã dos Carajás, 10.I.2010, J.A.M. Fernandes col. (14♁, 7♀ brachypterous MZUSP); Cametá, Rodovia Transcameta, igarapé sem nome, 1719, 08.VI.1988, U.C. Barbosa col. (2♁, 2♀ brachypterous MZUSP); same data, except 1720 (1♀ brachypterous MZUSP); Rio Trombetas, estirão da fumaça, igarapé da praia, 1486, 14.X.1991, V. Py-Daniel & U. Barbosa col. (1♀ brachypterous MZUSP); Terra do Meio, 2012270401, 19010150, C.R.M. Santos col. (1♁ brachypterous MPEG); São Geraldo do Araguaia, Serra das Andorinhas, 28.X.2011, 19010145, J.M.F. Ribeiro & C.R.M. Santos (1♀ macropterous MPEG); same data, except 19010143 (1♁ MPEG). Rondônia: Porto Velbo [=Porto Velho], Bolivia [=Brasil], 31.VIII.1937, H.E. Hinton collector (6♁, 3♀ brachypterous USNM); Porto Velho, Ig. R. Grande, m. esq. R. Mad. [=Igarapé Rio Grande, marquem esquerda do Rio Madeira], 23.V.1984, R.B. Neto (5♀ brachypterous MPEG); Ouro Preto do Oeste, Res. INPA, 03.IX.1986, B. Mascarenhas (1♁ brachypterous MPEG); BR-421, igarapé Boa Vista, 1338, 31.VII.1985, V. Py-Daniel & L. Aquino col. (1♁, 1♀ macropterous MZUSP); Bacia do Rio Jaci-Paraná, igarapé 13:10, 209, 17.VIII.1985, V. Py-Daniel & U. Barbosa col. (1♁, 3♀ macropterous MZUSP); Bacia do Rio Jaci-Paraná, igarapé 13:10, 203, 17.VIII.1985, V. Py-Daniel & L. Aquino col. (1♀ brachypterous MZUSP); Bacia do Rio Jaciparaná, igarapé 11:50, 1516, 16.VIII.1985, V. Py-Daniel & L. Aquino col. (1♁, 1♀ brachypterous MZUSP); Bacia do Rio Candeias, igarapé 12:42, 1790, 11.VIII.1985, V. Py-Daniel & U. Barbosa (2♁, 1♀ brachypterous MZUSP); Bacia do Rio Candeias, igarapé 9:33, 1508, 11.VIII.1985, V. Py-Daniel & L. Aquino col. (1♁ brachypterous MZUSP); Bacia do Rio Mutum-Paraná, Igarapé 15:15, 216, 12.VIII.1985, V. Py-Daniel & U. Barbosa col. (2♁, 5♀ brachypterous MZUSP). Tocantins: creek, 1 km S. Escola Brasil, 15 km W Porto Nacional, 05.II.2003, D.J. Cavan (1♀ macropterous USNM). Mato Grosso: Guarant „ do Norte, drenagem Teles Pires, riacho sob ponte de madeira em estrada de terra, 54˚45’37”W, 09˚37’52”S, 407 m, 06.VIII.2015, P. Camelier col. (5♀ brachypterous, 1♀ macropterous MZUSP); Cuiabá, P.N. Chapada dos Guimarães, Córrego Independência, Cach. do Pulo, 15˚24’59.80”S, 55˚50’29.10”W, 529 m, 19.VII.2013, A.L.H. Oliveira, B.H.L. Sampaio, B. Clarkson & N. Ferreira-Jr. (2♀ macropterous DZRJ); Chapada dos Guimarães, 10.XI.2013, Cachoeirinha, C. Floriano col. (5♁, 6♀ macropterous UNESP); same data, except Casa de Pedra (7♁, 4♀ macropterous UNESP); same data, except Cachoeira do Marimbondo, 11.XI.2013 (1♀ macropterous UNESP); same data, except Córrego Zelito (1♁, 1♀ macropterous UNESP). FRENCH GUIANA: ca. 8 km NNW of Saül, Crique a l’Est, 03˚39’46.04”N, 53˚13’24.78”W, gravel riffles & veg. margins, L-1956, R.W. Sites col. (2♁, 2♀ brachypterous MZUSP). SURINAME, Saramacca: Frecelicreeksystem, 18.XII.1969, SN 280, N. Nieser col. (1♁ brachypterous MACN). Paramáribo: Paramaribo, 20.I.1909, C. Heller. (1♀ brachypterous CAS). Unknown district: Dutch Guiana, Wilh., Mts. Line, 1 Km 62e Kamp, Sandcreek, 19.VIII.1943, D.C. Geiskcs (1♁, 2♀ brachypterous UMC); Dutch Guiana, line II, Km 5.7, busacreek, 16.IX.1943, D.C. Geiskcs (1♁ UMC); N. Nieser col. (1♀ brachypterous MACN); Sargmacco R., 20.Nov.1969, N. Nieser (1♁, 1♀ brachypterous USNM). VENEZUELA, Amazonas: stream at Puente Pulda, 16 km N of Tobogan jct., 26. January. 1989, CL-2387, J.T. Polhemus (1♁, 5♀ brachypterous USNM); Dpto Atures, Puente Guayabal, 44 km S. Puerto Ayacucho, 21.I.1989, C.B. Barr (1♀ brachypterous EMEC); W Communidad La Danta, 15.I.2009, Short & Camacho leg., VZ09- 0115-04A, kick netting, SM0844455, KUNHM-ENT (1♁ macropterous UMC). Bolívar: El Pauji, 1.100 m, 100 km O. S. Helena, 05.IV.1980, Bordon leg. (2♁ brachypterous USNM); Chivaton, near Kavanayen, 4500’, 29. June. 1987, R.S. Miller colr. (1♁ brachypterous UMC); La Gran Sabana, Rd to Kavanayen, 29.Jun.1987, Chivaton Hotel, 1370 m, M.A. Ivie, at light (1♀ brachypterous UMC); Mpio Gran Sabana, San Francisco de Yuruaní, 28–29.VIII.2003, 05°03’21”N / 61°05’54”W, colectores J. Camacho, J. Perozo, A. Orellana, P. Loreto (1♁, 1♀ brachypterous UMC); Gran Sabana, btw Santa Elena & Pauji, stream margin, 04°36’51.1812”, -6123’30.1776”, 895 m, 03.VIII.2008, A.E. Short, AS-08- 070 (3♁, 1♀ brachypterous UMC); Gran Sabana, unnamed river, hwy 10, 05°40’24.801”, -61°24’11.2932”, 1330 m, 02. August. 2008, A.E. Short coll., rocky stream, AS-08-066 (1♀ brachypterous UMC); Rio Toron, side road, 12 km of rd to Kavanayen, AS-08-064, 05°43’30.9”N, 61°36’35.8”W, 1385 m, A. Short, M. García, L. Joly leg., SM0828914, KUNHM-ENT, collection date 01.VIII.2008 (1♀ brachypterous UMC).
Published as part of Rodrigues, Higor D. D. & Sites, Robert W., 2023, Revision of Limnocoris Stål (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of the Guiana Shield and Amazon regions, pp. 44-76 in Zootaxa 5284 (1) on pages 51-53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5284.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7918947
{"references":["De Carlo, J. A. (1967) Una nueva especie del genero Ranatra y nuevas especies de Naucoridae. Amazoniana, 1, 189 - 200.","Nieser, N. & Lopez-Ruf, M. (2001) A review of Limnocoris Stal (Heteroptera: Naucoridae) in southern South America east of the Andes. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 144, 261 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 900000091","Nieser, N., Chen, P. P. & Melo, A. L. (2013) A new species and new synonymy in Limnocoris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Naucoridae) from Brazil. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae, 98 (2), 335 - 346.","La Rivers, I. (1971) Studies of Naucoridae (Hemiptera). Biological Society of Nevada Memoirs, 2, 1 - 120.","Cunha, E. J., Montag, L. F. A. & Juen, L. (2015) Oil palm crops effects on environmental integrity of Amazonian streams and Heteropteran (Hemiptera) species diversity. Ecological Indicators, 52, 422 - 429. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ecolind. 2014.12.024","Moreira, F. F. F., Rodrigues, H. D. D., Barbosa, J. F., Klementova, B. R. & Svitok, M. (2016) New records of Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from South America. Biodiversity Data Journal, 4, e 7975. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 4. e 7975","Nieser, N. (1975) The water bugs (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) of the Guyana Region. Studies on the Fauna of Suriname and the other Guyanas, 16, 1 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 017 - 7118 - 4 _ 1","Pereira, D. L. V. & Melo, A. L. (2007) Aquatic and semiaquatic Heteroptera (Insecta) from Pitinga, Amazonas, Brazil. Acta Amazonica, 37 (4), 643 - 648. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0044 - 59672007000400021"]}

Hemiptera, Limnocoris, Insecta, Naucoridae, Arthropoda, Animalia, Biodiversity, Limnocoris flavescens, and Taxonomy

Limnocoris flavescens Rodrigues & Sites NEW SPECIES (Figs. 5, 6G–H, 13B) Description. Male – hindwing macropterous. HOLOTYPE, length 7.20; maximum width 5.04. Paratypes (n = 8), length 6.88–7.20 (mean = 7.04); maximum width 4.64–5.04 (mean = 4.81). General shape oval; widest across embolia. Overall dorsal coloration yellowish-brown, dark mottled on head, pronotum, and hemelytra. Dorsal surface punctate throughout (Fig. 5A). Ventral coloration yellow, with transverse blackish band along posterior region of propleuron to middle of metapleuron (Fig. 5B). Head. Head length 1.32, maximum width 2.44. Mostly yellow with dark-brown median markings becoming wider posteriorly, weakly punctate. Synthlipsis 1.08; eyes not raised above level of vertex or pronotum. Anterior margin between eyes convex. Maxillary plate broad basally, anterior edge triangular. Labrum width 1.33× length, pentagonal, distal margin tapered. Labium with three visible segments, first two yellow, last dark-brown, extending 0.38 beyond labrum not including extruded stylets. Antenna length 0.58; 4-segmented, not exceeding lateral margin of eye; scape bulbous and rounded, pedicel subquadrate, flagellomeres slender, not partially fused, with long setae; segments 1–3 yellow, 4 brown; segment lengths 0.12, 0.16, 0.16, 0.12. Posteroventral margin of head without postgenal tubercle (swollen only in some specimens). Thorax. Pronotum ground color yellow, rectangular area behind eyes concentrating dark-brown markings, lateral margins yellowish; other dark-brown markings generally dispersed laterally; transverse sulcus markings anterior border of transverse band in posterior 1/3; anterior margin slightly concave between eyes; lateral margins convergent anteriorly, evenly convex; posterior margin sinuous, concave medially; posterolateral corner rounded; greatest width 2.84× length at midline; length at midline 1.52; maximum width at posterolateral corners 4.32. Prothorax ventrally dark-brown medially and on posterior band of propleuron, yellow laterally. Propleuron with shagreened area not extended posteriorly along lateral margin; posterior margin convex at mid-length (Fig. 5C); posteromesal corner near prosternellum flat. Median carina of probasisternum in lateral view slightly extending anteriorly, with shallowly bifid tip. Scutellum punctate; triangular; black, yellow at mid-length of lateral margin and posterior corner; width 2.56, length 1.40. Hemelytra punctate; corium, clavus and embolium yellow, with black markings throughout, mostly on posterior half of corium; membrane black, mottled, left membrane dull, right membrane shiny; length 5.36 (chord measurement). Embolium greatest width 0.72, lateral margin convex; yellow, with posterolateral dark-brown band. Claval and intraclaval sutures distinct. Hindwings well-developed. Region between mesobasisternum and mesoepisternum with longitudinal row of elongate golden setae. Mesosternal carina with ventral surface covered by golden setae; anterior projection poorly developed; median ridge straight; fossa oval, shallow (Figs. 5C, E). Metasternal carina poorly developed, with indistinct fossa (Fig. 5C); posterior margin not excavated in lateral view (Fig. 5E). Metaepimeron covered with elongate golden setae. Legs. All legs segments yellow, except dark-brown protarsus, and distal part of tarsomere III of middle and hind legs. Procoxa with cluster of stout, brown anteromedial spines. Profemur anterior margin with dense pad of setae without associated spines, posterior margin with row of short, brown spines along basal half. Protibia and tarsus with occlusal inner surface flattened; tarsus one-segmented, immovable; pretarsal claw single, minute, triangular. Meso- and metacoxae partially recessed into thorax. Meso- and metafemora with row of short, brown spines on anterior margin. Meso- and metatibiae with ventrolateral, ventromedial, dorsolateral, and dorsomedial rows of stout brownish spines; meso- and metatibiae with two transverse rows of spines distally, one each on lateral and mesal margins. Meso- and metatibiae and metatarsus with long, pale swimming hairs, hairs profuse on metatibia and - tarsus. Meso- and metapretarsi with paired claws slender, gently curved, with minute basal tooth. Leg measurements as follows: fore leg, femur 1.70, tibia 1.10, tarsus 0.38; middle leg, femur 1.82, tibia 1.24, tarsomeres 1–3, 0.12, 0.32, 0.40; hind leg, femur 2.44, tibia 2.48, tarsomeres 1–3, 0.12, 0.60, 0.62. Abdomen. Dorsally with narrow lateral margins of terga III–V exposed; terga III–V dark-brown anteriorly, yellow posteriorly; marginal row of elongate yellow setae, and group of trichobothria near posterior third. Lateral margin with minute serration. Posterolateral corners of II–V narrowly rounded to right angled, not spinose. Sterna yellow to light-brown, dark-brown lateral to midline of sterna III–V, covered by golden pubescence, with dispersed elongate golden setae; sternum II with sinuous row of elongate golden setae. Mediotergite VI with accessory genitalic process rounded; posterior margin slightly produced on left side. Posterior margin of mediotergite VII convex, sometimes almost straight, with pair of lateral lobes; laterotergite VII with mesal margin straight (Fig. 6G). Lateral lobe of tergum VIII with lateral margin straight in anterior half; left medial lobe poorly angled laterally at apex, with posteromesal corner rounded; right medial lobe not twisted distally (Fig. 6H). Female – Hindwing macropterous. Paratypes (n = 10), length 7.20–7.84 (mean = 7.44); maximum width 4.72–5.12 (mean = 4.95). Similar to male in general structure and coloration, except as follows: Abdominal tergum VI symmetrical. Sterna yellow, without dark-brown near midline of sterna III–V. Subgenital plate width 0.94× length; length at midline 0.96; maximum width 0.90; lateral margins with tuft of elongate golden setae at mid-length; posterior margin rounded (Fig. 5D). Diagnosis. This species can be identified by the yellow color pattern of the ventral surface of the body, with a transverse blackish band along the posterior margin of the propleuron to the middle of the metapleuron (Fig. 5B). The mesosternal carina is also diagnostic, being narrow, slender, with an undeveloped fossa, and covered with golden setae on the ventral surface (Figs. 5C, E). Comparative notes. This species shares the general shape and the total length of the body, the ventral color pattern of the body, and the undeveloped fossa of the metasternal carina with L. machrisi Nieser & López-Ruf, a species that is known from only the type locality, the Chapada dos Veadeiros, in the central region of Brazil (Nieser & López-Ruf 2001). They are easily separated by the shagreened pattern of the propleuron and shape of the mesosternal carina. In L. flavescens, the propleuron shagreened area is not extended posteriorly along the lateral margin (as in Fig. 2B), and the mesosternal carina has the fossa slender and narrow (Fig. 5C); whereas in L. machrisi the propleuron shagreened area is extended posteriorly halfway along the entire length of the lateral margin (as in Fig. 3D) and the mesosternal carina has the fossa developed and oval. Distribution. This species is known from several localities in Venezuela at the northwestern edge of the Guiana Shield (Fig. 13B). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from Latin for yellowish, in allusion to the color pattern of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body. Type material examined. All specimens macropterous. HOLOTYPE, ♁: VENEZUELA, Amazonas State, S. Puerto Ayacucho, El Tobogan de la Selva, 5º23.207’N, 67º36.922’W, 125 m, 14 January 2009, colls. Short, Miller & Joly, VZ 09-0114-01A (MIZA). PARATYPES: same data as holotype (1♁, 1♀ MZUSP; 2♀ UMC); Amazonas State, Puerto Ayacucho, ca. 15 km S, nr Campamento Canturama, 05º30’37.3788”N, 67º36’6.5304”W, 110 m, 8 August 2008, AS-08-081b, coll. A. Short, large rock outcrop (1♁, 1♀ SEMC; 4♁, 5♀ UMC); T.F. Amazonas, Dpto. Atures, 40 km SE of Puerto Ayacucho, El Tobogon de la Selva, 18.I.1989, coll. C.B. Barr (3♁, 3♀ EMEC); Amazonas State, 5º48.414’N, 67º26.313’W, 80 m, nr. Iboruwa, 7.viii.2008, leg. A. Short, M. Garcia, L. Joly, AS-08-078, Tobogancito (1♁ UMC); Amazonas, Municipio Atures, El Tobogán de la Selva, 143 m, 07/I/2006, 5º23’12”N, 67º36’56”W, col: J. Camacho, M. Garcia, L. Garcia, A. Short y P. Torres (1♁, 2♀ UMC); Amazonas State, 5º23.207’N, 67º36.922’W, 125 m, Tobogan de la Selva, pools in rock w/ sand, 5.i.2006, AS-06-011c, leg. A.E.Z. Short, SM0831395, KUNHM-ENT (1♁ MZUSP); Bolivar St., ca. 25 km E of El Burro, 06º13.059’N, 67º14.467’W, 62 m, 13 January 2009, coll. K. Miller, hot side pools, VZ09-0113-01A (1♀ MZUSP; 1♁, 1♀ UMC).
Published as part of Rodrigues, Higor D. D. & Sites, Robert W., 2023, Revision of Limnocoris Stål (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of the Guiana Shield and Amazon regions, pp. 44-76 in Zootaxa 5284 (1) on pages 57-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5284.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7918947
{"references":["Nieser, N. & Lopez-Ruf, M. (2001) A review of Limnocoris Stal (Heteroptera: Naucoridae) in southern South America east of the Andes. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 144, 261 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 900000091"]}

Hemiptera, Limnocoris, Insecta, Naucoridae, Arthropoda, Animalia, Biodiversity, Limnocoris menkei, and Taxonomy

Limnocoris menkei La Rivers, 1962 (Figs. 8, 13B) Limnocoris menkei La Rivers, 1962: 195–196 (original description). Limnocoris birabeni De Carlo, 1967: 193–194 (original description) (new synonym). Limnocoris bruchi De Carlo, 1967: 194–195 (original description) (new synonym). Limnocoris menkei: La Rivers 1971: 76 (catalog); Nieser & López-Ruf 2001: 319 (catalog). Limnocoris birabeni: Nieser 1975: 66–67 (redescription); Moreira et al. 2011: 45 (catalog). Limnocoris bruchi: La Rivers 1971: 75 (catalog); Nieser & López-Ruf 2001: 318 (catalog); Moreira et al. 2011: 45 (catalog); Rodrigues & Sites 2021: 19–20, 23 (supplemental description). Diagnosis. Based on L. bruchi in Rodrigues & Sites (2021): Body length 6.88–7.44, body width 4.72–4.80. This species is recognized by the mottled color pattern of the dorsum (Figs. 8A, C), the markedly serrate lateral margins of the abdomen (tergum V has 11–15 teeth), the group of rounded, dark-brown spots near the lateral margins of abdominal sterna III–V (Fig. 8F), and the posterior margin of male abdominal tergum VII with a pair of small lateral lobes and is convex or truncate medially. The mesosternal carina has a short anterior projection and the elliptical fossa contains short golden hairs inside the rim (Figs. 8D, G). The broad shagreened area of the propleuron extends approximately 2/3 the length of the lateral margin (Fig. 8D). The posterolateral spines of abdominal segments III–V are more darkly colored than the preceding smaller teeth of lateral serration (Fig. 8E). The female subgenital plate posterior margin is broadly rounded (Fig. 8F). Supplemental description. See section of L. bruchi in Rodrigues & Sites 2021. Comparative notes. This species is morphologically similar to L. fittkaui and L. minutus. These three species share the mottled color pattern of the dorsum, the shagreened area of the propleuron extending approximately 2/3 of the length of the lateral margin, the shape of the mesosternal carina, the lateral margin of the abdomen distinctly serrated, and abdominal sterna III–V with a group of rounded, dark-brown spots near the lateral margins (Table 2). In L. menkei, the number of teeth on tergum V is 11–14 (Figs. 8E, F), the posterolateral corners of terga III–V are blackish to dark-brown, the posterior margin of male tergum VII is convex or truncate medially, and the female subgenital plate is broadly rounded (Fig. 8F); whereas in L. fittkaui, the number of teeth on tergum V is 17–19 (Fig. 4E), the posterolateral corners of terga III–V are yellowish-brown, the posterior margin of male tergum VII is distinctly projected medially (Fig. 6E), and the female subgenital plate is narrowed medially at the posterior margin (Fig. 4G). Limnocoris menkei and L. minutus are differentiated as follows: in L. menkei, the posterolateral spine of segment IV is black and the anterior half of the female subgenital plate lateral margins are straight (Fig. 8F); whereas in L. minutus, the posterolateral spine of segment IV is yellowish-brown and the anterior half of the female subgenital plate lateral margins are shallowly concave (Fig. 1L). Discussion. This species is morphologically very similar to L. birabeni and L. bruchi. After examining the holotype and paratypes of these three species, it was evident that they share the following characteristics: the mottled color pattern of the dorsum, the shagreened area of the propleuron extending 2/3 of the length of the lateral margin, the shape of the mesosternal carina, the lateral margin of the abdomen distinctly serrated, the posterolateral corners of abdominal terga III–V dark-brown to black, abdominal sterna III–V with a group of rounded dark-brown spots near the lateral margin, the posterior margin of male mediotergite VII with a pair of small lateral lobes, the left medial lobe of male tergum VIII produced further posteriorly than the right lobe, and the female subgenital plate with the posterior margin rounded. Rodrigues & Sites (2021) differentiated L. menkei from L. bruchi by the shape of the female subgenital plate, which would be slightly projected medially in L. menkei, and rounded in L. bruchi. However, at the time, these authors did not examine any females from the type series of L. menkei. In the present study, we examined the female allotype of L. menkei deposited at the LACM. The posterior margin of the female subgenital plate is rounded, not projected medially, similar to the female paratypes of L. bruchi and L. birabeni. Furthermore, L. menkei and L. birabeni were described based on specimens with brachypterous hind wings, whereas L. bruchi was described based on specimens with macropterous hind wings. We noticed variation in the curvature of the embolium lateral margin, which is slightly more dilated in L. menkei and L. birabeni when compared to L. bruchi. We believe this variation is related to wing polymorphism. Thus, L. birabeni and L. bruchi are here proposed as junior synonyms of L. menkei. Distribution. This species is distributed from northern Venezuela (Monagas), Peru, Bolivia, to northeastern Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte) (Fig. 13B). Published records. Brazil: Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, and Roraima (De Carlo 1967; Rodrigues & Sites 2021). Peru: Cusco and Loreto (Rodrigues & Sites 2021). Venezuela: Amazonas and Monagas (La Rivers 1962; Rodrigues & Sites 2021). Type material examined. HOLOTYPE of L. menkei, ♁ brachypterous (LACM), VENEZUELA, Monagas, July 3, 1958, 42 kms SE Maturin, Arnold Menke, Limnocoris menkei n. sp., Limnocoris menkei LaR Holotype, LACM ENT 160180. PARATYPES of L. menkei: same data as holotype, except: Limnocoris menkei LaR Allotype, LACM ENT 160181 (1♀ brachypterous ‘allotype’ LACM); same data as holotype, except: Limnocoris menkei Paratype, Ira La Rivers Collection, Bequeathed to the California Academy of Sciences, 1978 (2♁ brachypterous CAS). HOLOTYPE of L. birabeni, ♁ brachypterous (ZSMC), BRAZIL, Pará, Amazonasgebiet, Rio Arapiuns, Ig. Curi, 20.11.52, leg. H. Sioli, S279-b, Holotypus, Limnocoris birabeni De Carlo. PARATYPES of L. birabeni: same data as holotype, except S280 (1♁ brachypterous INPA, HEMIP 004; 1♀ brachypterous ‘allotype’ ZSMC); Brasil, Igarapé Curi, Rio Arapiuns, Sioli leg., 1952 (2♁, 3♀ brachypterous MACN, 54.003). HOLOTYPE of L. bruchi ♁: [Brazil, Pará], Amazonasgebiet, Rio S„o Manoel, 6.5.[19]41, leg. H. Sioli, S36, Holotypus, Limnocoris bruchi De Carlo (ZSMC). PARATYPES of L. bruchi: same data as holotype (1♀ ‘allotype’, 5 specimens ZSMC; 3♁, 1♀ INPA Hemip005–008; 1♁, 3♀ MACN 54004). Additional material examined. BRAZIL, Amazonas: Estr. Aleixo, Km 4, INPA, Mn., Am., Br., 16.6.1976, lalluq. col. (1♁ macropterous INPA); Est. BR-174, Am., Br., 03.IV.1976, lalluque col. (1♁ macropterous INPA). Maranhão: Timon, Estrada do Portal da Amazônia, primeiro riacho da estrada, 09.VI.2011, N. Hamada, P.V. Cruz & R.B. Querino (1♁ brachypterous MZUSP); Timon, estrada do Portal da Amazônia, 05º03’03.3”S, 43º01’52.2”W, 09.VI.2011, N. Hamada, P.V. Cruz & R.B. Querino col. (1♁ brachypterous MZUSP). Mato Grosso: Querência, Fazenda Tanguro, 12º54’S, 52º22’W, 2007, E. Wanzeler col. (10♁, 2♀ macropterous MZUSP). Rio Grande do Norte: Pedro Velho, Rio Piquiri, 05.VIII.1991, Andrade col. (1♁ brachypterous MZUSP). Roraima: BR-401, Km 12, Igarapé Azul, 1351, 29.X.1987, V. Py-Daniel & U. Barbosa col. (1♁ macropterous MZUSP); Rio Uraricoera, Igarapé Xiquibá, 24.X.1987, V. Py-Daniel & U. Barbosa col. (2♁ brachypterous MZUSP).
Published as part of Rodrigues, Higor D. D. & Sites, Robert W., 2023, Revision of Limnocoris Stål (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of the Guiana Shield and Amazon regions, pp. 44-76 in Zootaxa 5284 (1) on pages 63-65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5284.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7918947
{"references":["La Rivers, I. (1962) A new Limnocoris from Venezuela (Hemiptera: Naucoridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 64 (3), 195 - 196.","De Carlo, J. A. (1967) Una nueva especie del genero Ranatra y nuevas especies de Naucoridae. Amazoniana, 1, 189 - 200.","La Rivers, I. (1971) Studies of Naucoridae (Hemiptera). Biological Society of Nevada Memoirs, 2, 1 - 120.","Nieser, N. & Lopez-Ruf, M. (2001) A review of Limnocoris Stal (Heteroptera: Naucoridae) in southern South America east of the Andes. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 144, 261 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 900000091","Nieser, N. (1975) The water bugs (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) of the Guyana Region. Studies on the Fauna of Suriname and the other Guyanas, 16, 1 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 017 - 7118 - 4 _ 1","Moreira, F. F. F., Barbosa, J. F., Ribeiro, J. R. I. & Alecrim, V. P. (2011) Checklist and distribution of semiaquatic and aquatic Heteroptera (Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha) occurring in Brazil. Zootaxa, 2958 (1), 1 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2958.1.1","Rodrigues, H. D. D. & Sites, R. W. (2021) Revision of Limnocoris Stal (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae) of the tropical Andes. Zootaxa, 4986 (1), 1 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4986.1.1"]}

Hemiptera, Heteroscelis, Insecta, Arthropoda, Pentatomidae, Animalia, Biodiversity, and Taxonomy

Heteroscelis Latreille, 1829 Heteroscelis Latreille, 1829: 194 (not Latreille, 1828: 574, nor Latreille, 1829: 18); Laporte 1833: 86; Stål 1870: 31; Distant 1880: 33; Distant 1900: 55; Schouteden 1907: 18; Kormilev 1951: 40; Pirán 1954: 19; Pirán 1961: 84; Thomas 1992: 45; Grazia & Schwertner 2011: 713; Grazia et al. 2015: 686; Cazorla 2021: 10; Rider & Swanson 2021: 7; Castro-Huertas et al. 2022: 9. Phyllocheirus Spinola, 1837: 306; Kirkaldy 1909: 30; Pirán 1961: 87 (syn.). Phyllochirus Amyot & Serville, 1843: 80 (emendation); Stål 1862: 93; Stål 1870: 31 (syn.); Kirkaldy 1909: 30. Agerrus Stål, 1859: 434; Stål 1862: 93 (syn.); Schouteden 1907: 19; Kirkaldy 1909: 30. Bodetria Walker, 1867: 119; Walker 1868: 528; Stål 1870: 31 (syn.); Distant 1900: 63; Schouteden 1907: 19; Kirkaldy 1909: 30. Heterosceloides Schouteden, 1907: 19; Kirkaldy 1909: 30 (syn.); McDonald 1966. Type species: Heteroscelis servillii Laporte, 1833, by subsequent monotypy (ICZN 1999: Article 69.3) Diagnosis. Head elongated, with lateral post-ocular projections; proportion of labiomeres: IIIIRedescription BODY: Elongated oval, with variable color patterns. HEAD: Rectangular, longer than wide, longitudinally convex, slightly punctured; mandibular plates longer than clypeus, with the anterior margin rounded; bucculae low, rounded at apex and evanescent posteriorly; eyes separated from the anterolateral angles of pronotum by at least half the eye diameter; post-ocular lateral triangular projection contiguous to the eyes; antennomere I shorter and wider than II, which is thinner than the others; antennomeres III, IV and V similar in length and more setose than the others. THORAX: Pronotum trapezoidal, uniformly and deeply punctured, twice as wide as long; scutellum uniform and shallowly punctured; frenal constriction width more than half the basal width, postfrenal lobe with parallel margins, broadly rounded at apex; coria with posterior margin sinuous; mesopleural evaporatoria occupying the entire posterior margin and the anterolateral mesopleural angle; metapleural evaporatoria surrounding the disc-shaped peritreme, occupying more than half of the metapleural width; ostiole guttiform in ventral view, laterally oriented; peritremal furrow extending more than half the length of the peritreme; dorsal and ventral foretibial expansions present, the dorsal expansion wider than the ventral. ABDOMEN: Uniformly punctured; mid tubercle on urosternite III; posterior angles of urosternites III to VII ending in minute spine; male bearing ventrolateral glandular setose patches, extending from near the anterior margin of urosternite V to the anterior margin of urosternite VII. Male GENITALIA: Pygophore bowl-shaped, with setae on the entire surface, ventral rim slightly sinuous; inferior layer excavated; posterolateral angles rounded; segment X trapezoidal, with rounded apex, ventrally directed, dorsally sclerotized, setose on apex; pseudoclaspers concave, sculptured, each placed between the paramere and the lateral portion of the dorsal rim; parameres sculptured, head triangular, spatulate, occupying in dorsal view most of the space between the segment X and the posterolateral angles. Phallus: phallotheca divided in a basal theca and thecal shield; ejaculatory reservoir contained inside basal theca; basal foramen elliptical, reinforced by basal plates; thecal shield longer and wider than basal theca; vesica oval in dorsal and lateral view; ductus seminis with uniform diameter, running between filaments of vesica, ending on a secondary gonopore, ventrally directed; conjuntiva with: two ventral lobes with sclerotized apex, and one dorsal lobe; all lobes posteriorly directed. Female GENITALIA: Valvifers VIII longer than wide, subtriangular, posterior margins sinuous, sutural margins straight, juxtaposed; laterotergites VIII subtriangular; exposed portion of valvifer IX trapezoidal, wider than long, juxtaposed to the laterotergites IX; exposed portion of laterotergites IX digitiform, attaining the mediotergite VIII; segment X trapezoidal with posterior margin straight; thickening of vaginal intima elongated; pars intermedialis small, narrower than the median duct of vesicular area; capsula seminalis longer and wider than pars intermedialis. Distribution: United States of America (Texas), Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador (new record), Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French Guyana, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina (Fig. 1).
Published as part of Sampaio, Vinicius Gomes, Roell, Talita & Campos, Luiz Alexandre, 2023, Revision of Heteroscelis Latreille, 1829 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae) with the description of a new species from Colombia, pp. 401-438 in Zootaxa 5278 (3) on page 404, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7906373
{"references":["Latreille, P. A. (1829) Les crustaces, les arachnides et les insectes: distribues en familles naturelles. Vol. 2. Chez Deterville, Paris, 556 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11575","Latreille, P. A. (1828) Pimeliaires. Pimeliariae. In: Bory de Saint-Vincent, M. (Ed.), Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle. Vol. 13. Rey et Gravier, Paris, pp. 573 - 583. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 33901","Laporte, F. L. (1833) Essai d'une classification systematique de l'orde des Hemipteres (Hemipteres-Heteropteres Latr.). Magasin de Zoologie, 2 (1), 17 - 88.","Stal, C. (1870) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en f ˆ rteckning ˆ fver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 1. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 9 (1), 1 - 232.","Distant, W. L. (1880) Insecta. Rhynchota, Hemiptera-Heteroptera. In: Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali Americana. Vol. 1. R. H. Porter, London, pp. 1 - 88.","Distant, W. L. (1900) Rhynchotal notes. - V. Heteroptera: Asopinae and Tessaratominae. Journal of Natural History, 6 (31), 55 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930008678340","Schouteden, H. (1907) Heteroptera, Fam. Pentatomidae, Subfam. Asopinae (Amyoteinae). Genera Insectorum 52. P. Wytsman, Bruxelles, 82 pp.","Kormilev, N. A. (1951) Notas sobre hemipteros bolivianos con la descripcion de un genero y tres especies nuevos. Folia Universitaria, 5, 35 - 45.","Piran, A. A. (1954) Dos especies nuevas de Heteroscelis de las faunas de la Argentina y Paraguay (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Asopinae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 17 (1 - 2), 19 - 21.","Piran, A. A. (1961) Sinopsis del genero Heteroscelis Latreille 1829 (Hem. Pentatomidae) con la descripcion de cinco especies nuevas. Revista de Investigaciones Agricolas, 15, 83 - 99.","Thomas, D. B. (1992) Taxonomic synopsis of the asopine Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Vol. 16. Thomas Say Foundation Monographs. Entomological Society of America, New York, New York, 156 pp.","Grazia, J. & Schwertner, C. F. (2011) Checklist of stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) from S \" o Paulo State, Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 11, 705 - 716. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032011000500034","Grazia, J., Panizzi, A. R., Greve, C., Schwertner, C. F., Campos, L. A., Garbelotto, T. A. & Fernandes, J. A. M. (2015) Stink bugs (Pentatomidae). In: Panizzi, A. R. & Grazia, J. (Eds.), True bugs (Heteroptera) of the neotropics. Vol. 2. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 681 - 756. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 017 - 9861 - 7 _ 22","Cazorla, D. (2021) Pentatomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) de Venezuela. Revista Nicarag ¸ ense de Entomologia, 234, 3 - 133.","Rider, D. A. & Swanson, D. R. (2021) A distributional synopsis of the Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) north of Mexico, including new state and provincial records. Zootaxa, 5015 (1), 1 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5015.1.1","Castro-Huertas, V., Grazia, J., Forero, D., Fernandez, F. & Schwertner, C. F. (2022) Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Colombia: An annotated checklist of species. Zootaxa, 5097 (1), 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5097.1.1","Spinola, M. (1837) Essai sur les genres d'insectes appartenants a l'ordre des hemipteres, Lin., ou rhyngotes, Fab., et a la section des heteropteres, Dufour. Chez Yves Gravier, Geneva, 382 pp.","Kirkaldy, G. W. (1909) Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) with biological and anatomical references, lists of foodplants and parasites, etc. Vol. I Cimicidae. F. L. Dames, Berlin, xl + 392 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15205","Amyot, C. J. B. & Serville, A. (1843) Histoire naturelle des insectes: Hemipteres. Vol. 1. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 675 pp.","Stal, C. (1862) Hemiptera Mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 23 (1 - 2), 81 - 118.","Stal, C. (1859) Hemiptera. Species novas descripsit. Konglinga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa Omkring Jorden, 3, 219 - 298.","Walker, F. (1867) Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. E. Newman, London, 240 pp.","Walker, F. (1868) s. n. In: Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part III. E. Newman, London, pp. 418 - 599.","McDonald, F. J. D. (1966) The genitalia of North American Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Quaestiones Entomologicae, 2, 7 - 150.","ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp."]}

Hemiptera, Heteroscelis, Insecta, Arthropoda, Pentatomidae, Animalia, Heteroscelis lepida, Biodiversity, and Taxonomy

Heteroscelis lepida (Stål, 1862) (Figs. 1, 15–19) Phyllochirus lepidus Stål, 1862: 93; Stål 1870: 31 (syn.). Bodetria scutellaris Walker, 1868: 529; Stål 1870: 31 (syn.); Distant 1880: 33, 1900: 63; Thomas 1992: 48. Heteroscelis lepida: Stål 1870: 31; Distant 1880: 33, 1900: 63; Pirán 1961: 88; Thomas 1992: 48; Brailovsky & Mayorga 1994: 34; Arismendi & Thomas 2003: 224; Cambra et al. 2018: 5; Lupoli 2019: 80; Cazorla 2021: 10; Rider & Swanson 2021: 7; Castro-Huertas et al. 2022: 9; Roell et al. 2023: 77. Heterosceloides lepida: Schouteden 1907: 20; Kirkaldy 1909: 30; Pirán 1961: 88 (syn.). Types examined MEXICO. Phyllochirus lepidus Stål, 1862; female holotype; “ México. Coll. Signoret”, “ lepidus set. Stål”, “ lepidus ”, “ Heterosceloides lepidus Stål ”; (NHMW). Photo examined (Fig. 16). MEXICO. Bodetria scutellaris Walker, 1868; male holotype; “ Holotype ”, “Type”, “Vera cruz / 5466”, “ Bodetria scutellaris ”; “NHMUK 010592395”; (NHMUK). Photo examined (Fig. 17). Other material examined. PANAMA. Panama: (Canal Zone, Madden Forest, 9.05, -79.37), 1 male, 8.I.1971 H. Stockwell (STRI), Smithsonian Tropical Research institute, photo examined. VENEZUELA, Falcon: (Las dos Bocas, 11.30129, -69.41226), 1 female, 29.I.1967 R. Cassares (UFRG). COLOMBIA, Antioquia: (Santa Fé de Antioquia, Hacienda Cotové - UNAL, 600 m. 6.5316, -75.8260), 1 female, 6.X.2000 A. Botero, et al. (UNAB). 1 female, no data (UFRG). Records retrieved from iNaturalist MEXICO, Veracruz: (Puente Nacional, 19.34434, -96.464912), 31.X.2016. MEXICO, Veracruz: (Puente Nacional, 19.343728, -96.464263), 25.IX.2017. COSTA RICA, Puntarenas: (Puntarenas, 10.275075, -84.812452) 25.V.2017. COLOMBIA, Sucre: (Galeras, 9.147859, -74.978428), 18.II.2017. VENEZUELA, Falcon: (Miranda, 11.41002, -69.679581), 5.XII.2022. Diagnosis. Body iridescent-blue, with a large triangular red or orange spot on scutellum; vesicular area of female genitalia subequal in length to the proximal part of the ductus receptaculi. Redescription HEAD: Mandibular plates equal to or slightly surpassing clypeus, anteriorly rounded, separated at apex; head length anterior to the eyes equal to 2/3 of the total length of the head (Fig. 15, D); labium reaching the metasternum; proportion of labiomeres: IIII≅ V. THORAX: Scutellum with a large triangular red or orange spot, covering the entire frenal lobe and the central portion of the postfrenal lobe; coria longer than the scutellum, not reaching the posterior margin of the connexival segment VI, uniformly punctured; membranes dark, surpassing posteriorly the abdomen; metapleural evaporatoria not surpassing posteriorly the anterior limit of coxae; peritreme disc-shaped, surpassing half the pleural width; apex of peritreme rounded, posterior margin arched, convex, anterior margin almost straight (Fig. 15, E); foretibial length on average 3.5x larger than the width of the dorsal tibial expansion (Fig. 15, F). ABDOMEN: Uniformly punctured; urosternite III tubercle not surpassing the posterior margin of metasternum; posterior angles of urosternites III to VII ending in minute spine (Fig. 15, B). Male GENITALIA (Fig. 18): Pygophore with dorsal rim concave; ventral rim slightly sinuous, medially concave; segment X with surface corrugated; head of parameres laterodorsally directed in posterior view. Remarks: The only description of the internal male genitalia was made by McDonald (1966). Based on his description and illustrations (McDonald 1966: 121, figs. 300–302) we interpret the phallus having the conjunctival dorsal lobe (conjunctival appendages sic McDonald) with one pair of projections, and the ventral lobes with three projections each. Female MEASUREMENTS (n=3). Head length 1.24 ± 0.22 (1.00–1.44); width 1.34 ± 0.07 (1.26 –1.40); pronotum length 1.75 ± 0.21 (1.57–2.00); width 3.88 ± 0.24 (3.70–4.16); scutellum length 2.25 ± 0.27 (2.01–2.56); width 2.18 ± 0.11 (2.10–2.32); length of antennomeres: I 0.33 ± 0.04 (0.30–0.37), II 0.62 ± 0.15 (0.50–0.80), III 0.81 ± 0.19 (0.69–1.04), IV 1.09 ± 0.17 (0.90–1.20); V 1.00 ± 0.11 (0.88–1.12); length of labiomeres: I 0.53 ± 0.14 (0.37–0.64), II 0.71 ± 0.08 (0.63–0.80), III 0.40 ± 0.09 (0.30–0.48), IV 0.61 ± 0.11 (0.50–0.72); width of foretibal expansion 0.65 ± 0.26 (0.50–0.96); width of abdomen 3.41 ± 0.36 (3.20–3.84); total length 6.31 ± 0.64 (5.67–6.96). GENITALIA (Fig. 19): Valvifers VIII posterior margin shallowly concave over the plates of sternite IX, truncate over the base of laterotergites VIII; laterotergites VIII wider than long, with spiracles close to the lateral margin; segment X with the posterior margin straight; valvulae IX with 1+1 bean-shaped secondary thickenings with the proximal margin laterally elongated; capsula seminalis oval. Distribution: United States of America (Texas), Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica (new record), Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, French Guyana. (Fig. 1).
Published as part of Sampaio, Vinicius Gomes, Roell, Talita & Campos, Luiz Alexandre, 2023, Revision of Heteroscelis Latreille, 1829 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae) with the description of a new species from Colombia, pp. 401-438 in Zootaxa 5278 (3) on pages 417-421, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7906373
{"references":["Stal, C. (1862) Hemiptera Mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 23 (1 - 2), 81 - 118.","Stal, C. (1870) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en f ˆ rteckning ˆ fver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 1. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 9 (1), 1 - 232.","Walker, F. (1868) s. n. In: Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part III. E. Newman, London, pp. 418 - 599.","Distant, W. L. (1880) Insecta. Rhynchota, Hemiptera-Heteroptera. In: Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali Americana. Vol. 1. R. H. Porter, London, pp. 1 - 88.","Distant, W. L. (1900) Rhynchotal notes. - V. Heteroptera: Asopinae and Tessaratominae. Journal of Natural History, 6 (31), 55 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930008678340","Thomas, D. B. (1992) Taxonomic synopsis of the asopine Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Vol. 16. Thomas Say Foundation Monographs. Entomological Society of America, New York, New York, 156 pp.","Piran, A. A. (1961) Sinopsis del genero Heteroscelis Latreille 1829 (Hem. Pentatomidae) con la descripcion de cinco especies nuevas. Revista de Investigaciones Agricolas, 15, 83 - 99.","Brailovsky, H. & Mayorga, C. (1994) Hemiptera-Heteroptera de Mexico XLV. La Subfamilia Asopinae (Pentatomidae), en la Estacion de Biologia Tropical de Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, 65 (1), 33 - 4.","Arismendi, N. & Thomas, D. B. (2003) Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) of Honduras: a checklist with description of a new ochlerine genus. Insecta Mundi, 17 (3 - 4), 219 - 236.","Cambra, R. A., Carranza, R., Anino Ramos, Y. J. & Santos Murgas, A. (2018) The pentatomids (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Panama. Revista Nicarag ¸ ense de Entomologia, (149), 1 - 21.","Lupoli, R. (2019) First catalogue of the Asopinae (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) from French Guiana. Zootaxa, 4668 (1), 76 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4668.1.4","Cazorla, D. (2021) Pentatomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) de Venezuela. Revista Nicarag ¸ ense de Entomologia, 234, 3 - 133.","Rider, D. A. & Swanson, D. R. (2021) A distributional synopsis of the Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) north of Mexico, including new state and provincial records. Zootaxa, 5015 (1), 1 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5015.1.1","Castro-Huertas, V., Grazia, J., Forero, D., Fernandez, F. & Schwertner, C. F. (2022) Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Colombia: An annotated checklist of species. Zootaxa, 5097 (1), 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5097.1.1","Roell, T., Lemaitre, V. A., Webb, M. D. & Campos, L. A. (2023) An annotated and illustrated Type Catalogue of the predacious Shieldbugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae) in the Collection of the Natural History Museum, London. Zootaxa, 5232 (1), 1 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5232.1.1","Schouteden, H. (1907) Heteroptera, Fam. Pentatomidae, Subfam. Asopinae (Amyoteinae). Genera Insectorum 52. P. Wytsman, Bruxelles, 82 pp.","Kirkaldy, G. W. (1909) Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) with biological and anatomical references, lists of foodplants and parasites, etc. Vol. I Cimicidae. F. L. Dames, Berlin, xl + 392 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15205","McDonald, F. J. D. (1966) The genitalia of North American Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Quaestiones Entomologicae, 2, 7 - 150."]}

Hemiptera, Heteroscelis, Insecta, Arthropoda, Pentatomidae, Animalia, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, and Heteroscelis servillii

Heteroscelis servillii Laporte, 1833 (Figs. 1–14) Heteroscelis servillii Laporte, 1833: 86; Stål 1870: 31; Kirkaldy 1909: 30 (syn.). Phyllocheirus servillei: Spinola 1837: 306 Phyllochirus servillei: Amyot & Serville 1843: 80 (emen); Stål 1862: 93; Stål 1870: 31 (syn.); Kirkaldy 1909: 30. Agerrus remipes Stål, 1859: 434; Stål 1862: 93 (syn.); Schouteden 1907: 19; Kirkaldy 1909: 30. Bodetria brenthoides Walker, 1867: 119; Stål 1870: 31 (syn.); Distant 1900: 63; Schouteden 1907: 19; Kirkaldy 1909: 30. Bodetria chrysoclora Walker, 1868: 528; Stål 1870: 31 (syn.); Distant 1900: 63; Schouteden 1907: 19; Kirkaldy 1909: 30. Bodetria indecora Walker, 1868: 528; Stål 1870: 31 (syn.); Distant 1900: 63; Schouteden 1907: 19; Kirkaldy 1909: 30. Heteroscelis brenthoides: Schouteden 1907: 19; Kirkaldy 1909: 30 (syn.). Heteroscelis servillei: Distant 1900: 63; Schouteden 1907: 19; Pirán 1961: 87; Thomas 1992: 46; Grazia & Schwertner 2011: 713; Grazia et al. 2015: 686; Silva et al. 2018: 404; Lupoli 2019: 80; Cazorla 2021: 10; Castro-Huertas et al. 2022: 9; Roell et al. 2023: 28, 29, 47. Phyllocheirus brenthoides: Kirkaldy 1909: 30. Phyllocheirus servillii: Kirkaldy 1909: 30; Pirán, 1961: 87 (syn.). Heteroscelis zischkai Kormilev, 1951: 40; Pirán 1961: 88; Thomas 1992: 46 (syn.). Heteroscelis dureti Pirán, 1954: 19; Thomas 1992: 46 (syn.). Heteroscelis bergi Pirán, 1954: 20; Thomas 1992: 46 (syn.). Heteroscelis carcavalloi Pirán, 1961: 96; Thomas 1992: 46 (syn.). Heteroscelis amazonica Pirán, 1961: 98; Thomas 1992: 46 (syn.). Types examined SURINAM. Agerrus remipes Stål, 1859; female syntype; labels: “Surinam.”, “Stål”, “ Agerrus remipes Stål. Typ. ”, “111”, “TYPUS”, “NHRS—GULI 000096153”; (NHRS). Photo examined (Fig. 3). BRAZIL. Heteroscelis amazonica Pirán, 1961; female holotype; labels: “Ig do Passarinho Manaus. Am. 24.II.55. Costa Leite e N. Cerqueira—cols. 07. 9/59”, “ Heteroscelis amazonica Pirán 1960 ”, “ HOLOTYPUS ”; (MNRJ) (Fig. 4). BRAZIL. Heteroscelis carcavalloi Pirán, 1961; female alotype; labels: “Sítio Vieiralves Manaus—Am. 21.Xll.65. Elias e Rappa—cols. 02. 9/59”, “ Heteroscelis carcavalloi Pirán 1960 ”, “ ALLOTYPUS ”; (MNRJ). BRAZIL. Bodetria brenthoides Walker, 1867; female holotype; labels: “Amazon St. Paul / 60 32” “Type”, “ Holotype ”, “1. Bodetria brenthoides ”; “NHMUK 010592390”; (NHMUK). Photo examined (Fig. 5). BRAZIL. Bodetria chrysoclora Walker, 1868; male holotype; labels: “Braz / 62 57” “Type”, “ Holotype ”, “ Bodetria chrysoclora ”; “NHMUK 010592391”; (NHMUK). Photo examined (Fig. 6). BRAZIL. Bodetria indecora Walker, 1868; male holotype; labels: “Braz / 62 57” “Type”, “ Holotype ”, “ Bodetria indecora ”; “NHMUK 010592393”; (NHMUK). Photo examined (Fig. 7). BOLIVIA. Heteroscelis carcavalloi Pirán, 1961; male holotype; labels: “ HOLOTYPUS ”, “Yungas del Palmar. IV–954. A. Martinez.”, “ Heteroscelis carcavalloi Pirán, 1960.”; (MACN). Photo examined (Fig. 8). BOLIVIA. Heteroscelis zischkai Kormilev, 1951; female alotype; labels: “ BOLIVIA, Region Chaparé, Dep. Cochabamba (400 mtr), 30. VIII. 1951. Dirings.”. Heteroscelis zischkai Kormilev. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales. ”. “ ALLOTYPE ”; (MACN) (Fig. 9). PARAGUAY. Heteroscelis dureti Pirán, 1954; female holotype; labels: “ Heteroscelis dureti Det. Pirán. 952”, “ HOLOTYPUS ”, “ Paraguay, Villarrica, Schade col. 15.IV.46”; (MACN). Photo examined (Fig. 10). ARGENTINA. Heteroscelis bergi Pirán, 1954; male holotype; labels: “Missiones—Argentina. Dep. Concep.— Sta. Maria. M.J. Viana”, “53.484”, “ HOLOTYPUS ”, “ Heteroscelis bergi Det. Pirán. 952”; (MACN). Photo examined (Fig. 11). Other material examined. VENEZUELA, Guayana: (Conuco, Rio Moroco), 3 males, 18/ 19.I.1972 G. & E. Scherer (NMPC); Zulia: (Kasmera, 9.94907, -72.75292), 1 female, 20.IX.1961 F. Fernandez Y. & C. J. Rosales (UFRG); Cx. Panamexicana El Vigia Coloneito: (Km 8.32611, -72.08742), 1 female, 6.I.1955. F. Fernandez Y. & C. J. Rosales (UFRG); Aragua: (El Limón, 10.30589, -67.63212), 1 male, 2.III.1951 F. Fernandes (UFRG); Aragua: (Maracay, 10.23535, -67.59113), 1 female, 2.V.1953 N. Angeles (UFRG). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: 2 males, XII.1953 G. u. Helga Frey. (NMPC). BRAZIL, 1 female, 11.IV.1962 Cerq. (UFRG); Pará: (Belém Mocambo, - 1.45583, -48.50444), 1 female, 6.II.1979 P Tadeu (UFRG); (Peixe-boi, -1.10168, -47.27259), 1 male, 12.IV.1977 P Waldir. (UFRG); (Serra Norte Manganês -6.01748, -50.30386), 1 female, 22.X.1984 T. Pimentel; Amazonas: (Manaus, CEPLAC, -2.8905, -59.9576), 1 female, 15.VII.1977 (UFRG); (Serra dos Porcos, 0.416667, -69.366667), 1 male, 25.II.1977 Franklim (INPA); (Manaus, CEPLAC, Am 010 Km 31, -2.8905, -59.9576), 1 male, 7.V.1988 Albuquerque (UFRG); (Manaus, -3.04361, -60.01282), 1 male, 5.V.1976 Paraluppi (UFRG); (Manaus, Br 174 Km 41, Agricultura Geológica -2.6770, -60.04668), 1 male, 15.VI.1981 C.A. Fonseca (INPA); (Itacoatiara, -3.1373, - 58.4418), 1 female, Dirings (MCNZ); Amapá: (Serra do Navio, 1.65803, -52.28195), 1 female, 13.VII.1961 AP. J & B. Bechyné (UFRG); Rio Grande do Norte: (Natal, -5.8101, -35.22674), 1 male, I.1952 M. Alvarenga (UFRG); Pernambuco: (Paudalho, Acerolândia, -7.850, -35.250. 160m), 1 male, II.2016 Grossi & Parizotto (CERPE); (Paudalho, Acerolândia, -7.850, -35.250. 160m), 1 female, XI.2017 Grossi & Parizotto (CERPE); Mato Grosso do Sul: (Bonito, Praia da Figueira -21.2972, -56.5005), 1 female, 01.III.2009 Grossi & Parizotto (DZUP); Rio Grande do Sul: (Cerro Azul -27.7403, -51.5199), 1 female, I.1931 Pe. Buck leg. (MCNZ); ECUADOR, Amazonia: 1 female, II.1998 lgt. Bezdek (NMPC); Napo: (Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 216m, -0.6379, -76.1495), 1 male, 06.II.1999 T.L. Erwin, et al. (USNM); (Tiputini Biodiversity Station, 216m, -0.6379, -76.1495), 1 female, 22.X.1998 T.L. Erwin, et al. (USNM); PERU, Pucalipa: (Rio Ucayali, -8.4084, -74.6058), 1 female, Dirings (MCNZ); BOLIVIA, Cochabamba (Chapare, 400m -16.80922, -65.71926), 1 female, 07.IX.1951 Dirings (MACN). Records retrieved from iNaturalist TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO, San Juan-Laventille: (10.605137, -61.42763), 14.II.2021. BRAZIL, Amazonas: (Manaus, -3.095784, -59.989879), 13.VIII.2020. BRAZIL, Espírito Santo: (S„o Gabriel de Palha, -18.906837, -40.478105), II.2014. BRAZIL, S„o Paulo: (Campinas, -22.819691, -47.064677), 16.II.2023. BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro: (Cabo Frio, -22.886901, -42.026649), 8.I.2017. Diagnosis. Mandibular plates distinctly longer than clypeus, converging apically; head length anterior to the eyes more than 2/3 of the total length of the head (Fig. 2, D); urosternite III tubercle yellow or orange at apex, and surpassing the posterior margin of metasternum (Fig. 2, B). Redescription BODY: General color ranging from brown and dark red to iridescent hues of green, yellow, blue and purple, with or without yellow spots on the pronotum, scutellum and coria (more commonly observed in non-iridescent specimens). HEAD: Labium almost reaching the metasternum (Fig. 2, B); proportion of antennomeres: I≅ IV ≅ V. THORAX: Coria longer than scutellum, not reaching the posterior margin of connexival segment VI, uniformly punctured; membrane dark and surpassing posteriorly the abdomen; metapleural evaporatoria surpassing posteriorly the anterior limit of coxae; peritreme reaching or surpassing half the pleural width; apex of peritreme rounded, posterior margin a little more arched than the anterior, both convex (Fig. 2, E); profemora with rudimentary ante-apical spine; foretibial length on average 3.5x larger than the width of the tibial dorsal expansion (Fig. 2, F). ABDOMEN: Posterior angles of urosternites III to VII ending in minute spine, more developed in VII (Fig. 2, B). Male: MEASUREMENTS (n=13): Head length 1.76 ± 0.28 (1.30–1.84); width 1.29 ± 0.07 (1.20–1.50); pronotum length 2.00 ± 0.26 (1.50–2.40); width 4.21 ± 0.26 (3.80–4.50); scutellum length 2.38 ± 0.16 (2.08–2.60); width 2.30 ± 0.13 (2.08–2.56); length of antennomeres: I (n=11) 0.39 ± 0.03 (0.30–0.40), II (n=11) 0.71 ± 0.09 (0.60 –0.90), III (n=11) 0.95 ± 0.10 (0.80–1.04), IV (n=11) 1.03 ± 0.14 (0.72–1.20); V (n=8) 1.09 ± 0.20 (0.72–1.40); length of labiomeres: I (n=8) 0.67 ± 0.08 (0.60–0.80), II (n=8) 0.87 ± 0.07 (0.80–1.00), III (n=8) 0.45 ± 0.07 (0.40–0.60), IV (n=8) 0.68 ± 0.09 (0.60–0.90); width of foretibal expansion (n=10) 0.59 ± 0.07 (0.48–0.72); width of abdomen (n=11) 3.21 ± 0.18 (2.96–3.50); total length 7.04 ± 0.65 (6.10–8.30). GENITALIA: Pygophore (Fig. 12): setae denser on posterolateral angles and on medial portion of dorsal rim; dorsal rim sinuous, medially concave; ventral rim slightly sinuous, medially concave; segment X with surface corrugated and with a membranous longitudinal line; head of parameres lateroventrally directed in posterior view. Phallus (Fig. 13): conjunctival dorsal lobe with one pair of long projections and one single forked central projection, ventral lobes with two projections each. Female: MEASUREMENTS (n=15): Head length (n=11) 2.06 ± 0.38 (1.40–2.60); width (n=11) 1.47 ± 0.20 (1.20– 1.90); pronotum length (n=13) 2.45 ± 0.26 (1.92–2.80); width (n=13) 4.83 ± 0.42 (3.92–5.60); scutellum length 2.88 ± 0.32 (2.24–3.40); width 2.56 ± 0.40 (1.84–3.00); length of antennomeres: I (n=12) 0.42 ± 0.06 (0.30–0.50), II (n=12) 0.79 ± 0.15 (0.56 –1.10), III (n=12) 1.04 ± 0.21 (0.60–1.30), IV (n=8) 1.22 ± 0.39 (0.80–2.00); V (n=5) 1.03 ± 0.18 (0.96–1.30); length of labiomeres: I (n=9) 0.77 ± 0.11 (0.60–0.90), II (n=9) 1.02 ± 0.16 (0.70–1.30), III (n=9) 0.50 ± 0.10 (0.40–0.70), IV (n=9) 0.85 ± 0.14 (0.60–1.00); width of foretibal expansion (n=11) 0.72 ± 0.09 (0.56–0.90); width of abdomen 3.70 ± 0.33 (3.04–4.30); total length (n=8) 8.28 ± 1.05 (6.88–9.50). GENITALIA (Fig. 14): Valvifers VIII posterior margin bisinuous, slightly projected over the basal angles of laterotergites IX; laterotergites VIII wider than long, with spiracles equidistant from the basal angle and the lateral margin; valvulae IX with 1+1 bean-shaped secondary thickenings; vesicular area half the length of the proximal part of the ductus receptaculi; capsula seminalis oval. Distribution: Colombia, Ecuador (new record), Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French Guyana, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina (Fig. 1).
Published as part of Sampaio, Vinicius Gomes, Roell, Talita & Campos, Luiz Alexandre, 2023, Revision of Heteroscelis Latreille, 1829 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae) with the description of a new species from Colombia, pp. 401-438 in Zootaxa 5278 (3) on pages 405-416, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7906373
{"references":["Laporte, F. L. (1833) Essai d'une classification systematique de l'orde des Hemipteres (Hemipteres-Heteropteres Latr.). Magasin de Zoologie, 2 (1), 17 - 88.","Stal, C. (1870) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en f ˆ rteckning ˆ fver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 1. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 9 (1), 1 - 232.","Kirkaldy, G. W. (1909) Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) with biological and anatomical references, lists of foodplants and parasites, etc. Vol. I Cimicidae. F. L. Dames, Berlin, xl + 392 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15205","Spinola, M. (1837) Essai sur les genres d'insectes appartenants a l'ordre des hemipteres, Lin., ou rhyngotes, Fab., et a la section des heteropteres, Dufour. Chez Yves Gravier, Geneva, 382 pp.","Amyot, C. J. B. & Serville, A. (1843) Histoire naturelle des insectes: Hemipteres. Vol. 1. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 675 pp.","Stal, C. (1862) Hemiptera Mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 23 (1 - 2), 81 - 118.","Stal, C. (1859) Hemiptera. Species novas descripsit. Konglinga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa Omkring Jorden, 3, 219 - 298.","Schouteden, H. (1907) Heteroptera, Fam. Pentatomidae, Subfam. Asopinae (Amyoteinae). Genera Insectorum 52. P. Wytsman, Bruxelles, 82 pp.","Walker, F. (1867) Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. E. Newman, London, 240 pp.","Distant, W. L. (1900) Rhynchotal notes. - V. Heteroptera: Asopinae and Tessaratominae. Journal of Natural History, 6 (31), 55 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930008678340","Walker, F. (1868) s. n. In: Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part III. E. Newman, London, pp. 418 - 599.","Piran, A. A. (1961) Sinopsis del genero Heteroscelis Latreille 1829 (Hem. Pentatomidae) con la descripcion de cinco especies nuevas. Revista de Investigaciones Agricolas, 15, 83 - 99.","Thomas, D. B. (1992) Taxonomic synopsis of the asopine Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Vol. 16. Thomas Say Foundation Monographs. Entomological Society of America, New York, New York, 156 pp.","Grazia, J. & Schwertner, C. F. (2011) Checklist of stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) from S \" o Paulo State, Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 11, 705 - 716. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032011000500034","Grazia, J., Panizzi, A. R., Greve, C., Schwertner, C. F., Campos, L. A., Garbelotto, T. A. & Fernandes, J. A. M. (2015) Stink bugs (Pentatomidae). In: Panizzi, A. R. & Grazia, J. (Eds.), True bugs (Heteroptera) of the neotropics. Vol. 2. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 681 - 756. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 017 - 9861 - 7 _ 22","Silva, V. J., Santos, C. R. M. & Fernandes, J. A. M. (2018) Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) from Brazilian Amazon: checklist and new records. Zootaxa, 4425 (3), 401 - 455. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4425.3.1","Lupoli, R. (2019) First catalogue of the Asopinae (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) from French Guiana. Zootaxa, 4668 (1), 76 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4668.1.4","Cazorla, D. (2021) Pentatomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) de Venezuela. Revista Nicarag ¸ ense de Entomologia, 234, 3 - 133.","Castro-Huertas, V., Grazia, J., Forero, D., Fernandez, F. & Schwertner, C. F. (2022) Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Colombia: An annotated checklist of species. Zootaxa, 5097 (1), 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5097.1.1","Roell, T., Lemaitre, V. A., Webb, M. D. & Campos, L. A. (2023) An annotated and illustrated Type Catalogue of the predacious Shieldbugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae) in the Collection of the Natural History Museum, London. Zootaxa, 5232 (1), 1 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5232.1.1","Kormilev, N. A. (1951) Notas sobre hemipteros bolivianos con la descripcion de un genero y tres especies nuevos. Folia Universitaria, 5, 35 - 45.","Piran, A. A. (1954) Dos especies nuevas de Heteroscelis de las faunas de la Argentina y Paraguay (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Asopinae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 17 (1 - 2), 19 - 21."]}

Insecta, Melanoplus, Arthropoda, Animalia, Orthoptera, Melanoplus frigidus frigidus (boheman, 1846), Biodiversity, Acrididae, Melanoplus frigidus, and Taxonomy

Melanoplus frigidus frigidus (Boheman, 1846), comb. resurr. Melanoplus frigidus frigidus: Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko, 1951: 233; Mistshenko, 1952: 425; Mistshenko, 1971: 576; Vickery & Kevan, 1983: 863; Ryabukhin & Zasypkina, 2005: 307; Ermakova, 2011: 20; Ermakova et al., 2016: 126. Melanoplus frigidus: Miram, 1933: 41; Berman et al., 1983: 345. Podisma frigida: Miram, 1928: 19; Miram, 1931: 44. Bohemanella frigida: Ramme, 1951: 18; Vickery, 1984: 18; Haberski et al., 2021: 34. Bohemanella frigida frigida: Vickery, 1997: 229. Remarks. The genus Melanoplus Stål, 1873 consists of about 200 species in 27 species groups (Cigliano et al., 2022). The monotypic genus Bohemanella Ramme, 1951 was proposed for Melanoplus frigidus distributed in Eurasia and North America (Ramme, 1951), while Mistshenko (1952: 422; 1971: 577) based on the critical analysis of taxonomic characters synonymized Bohemanella under Melanoplus. Here I agree with such synonymy and again placed frigidus in the genus Melanoplus, where this species forming its own species group frigidus. The nominotypical subspecies has a very wide distribution in Europe, Asia, and North America. In Beringia, it is recorded from Northeast Yakutia, Magadan region, Chukotka, Alaska, Yukon, and the Northwest Territories.
Published as part of Storozhenko, Sergey Yu., 2023, Orthoptera of Northeast Asia and Northwest America, pp. 564-578 in Zootaxa 5264 (4) on page 569, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7837186
{"references":["Bey-Bienko, G. Ya. & Mistshenko, L. L. (1951) Locusts and grasshoppers of the USSR and adjacent countries. Parts 1 & 2. USSR Academy of Sciences Publ., Moscow-Leningrad. pp. 1 - 378 + 379 - 667. [in Russian].","Mistshenko, L. L. (1952) Locusts and grasshoppers, Catantopinae. Fauna of USSR, Orthoptera 4 (2). USSR Academy of Sciences Publ., Moscow-Leningrad, 610 pp. [in Russian]","Mistshenko, L. L. (1971) On the fauna of Orthoptera from North-Eastern Siberia. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 50 (3), 574 - 584. [in Russian with English summary]","Vickery, V. R. & Kevan, D. K. M. (1983) A monograph of the Orthopteroid insects of Canada and adjacent regions. Vols. I - II. Memoir of Lyman Entomological Museum and Research Laboratory, 13, 1 - 1462.","Ryabukhin, A. S. & Zasypkina, I. A. (2005) Terrestrial and freshwater insects of the Tauysk Bay coast. In: Chereshnev, I. A. (Ed.), Biodiversity of the Tauysk Bay of the Sea of Okhotsk. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 290 - 478. [in Russian]","Ermakova, Yu. V. (2011) Orthoptera of the mountain landscapes of Yakutia. Proceedings of the Russian Entomological Society, 82, 17 - 24. [in Russian with English summary]","Ermakova, Yu. V., Evdokarova, T. G. & Nogovitsyna, S. N. (2016) Orthoptera communities in the relict steppes of Northeast Yakutia. Science and Education, 4, 124 - 129. [in Russian with English summary]","Miram, E. (1933) Les Orthopteres de Jakoutie. USSR Academy of Sciences Publ., Leningrad. 52 p. [in Russian]","Berman, D. I., Budarin, A. M. & Kritskaya, I. G. (1983) Fauna and spatial distribution of Orthoptera in continental regions of the North-Eastern USSR. In: Biological problems of North. Proceedings of X all-USSR symposium. Part 2. Fauna. Magadan, pp. 345 - 346. [in Russian]","Miram, E. (1928) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Orthopteren-Fauna Jakutiens. Materiaux de la Commission pour l'etude de la Republique ASS Jakoute, 24, 1 - 26.","Miram, E. (1931) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Orthopterenfauna der norlichen Palarzone mit Berucksichtigung der Dermapteren und Blattodeen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 97 (1 / 2), 37 - 46.","Ramme, W. (1951) Zur Systematik, Faunistik und Biologie der Orthopteren von Sudost-Europa und Vorderasien. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 27, 1 - 431. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 4830270108","Vickery, V. R. (1984) The Orthopteroid insects of Yukon. Note of Lyman Entomological Museum and Research Laboratory, 10, 1 - 42.","Haberski, A., Woller, D. A. & Sikes, D. S. (2021) Orthoptera of Alaska: A photographic key, new records, and synonymy of Melanoplus gordonae. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification, 44, 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / cjai. 2021.44","Vickery, V. R. (1997) Orthopteroid insects (Orthoptera) of Yukon. In: Danks, H. V. & Downes, J. A. (Eds.), Insects of the Yukon. Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods), Ottawa, pp. 223 - 239.","Cigliano, M. M., Braun, H., Eades, D. C. & Otte, D. (2022) Orthoptera Species File Online. Version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from: http: // Orthoptera. SpeciesFile. org. (accessed 25 December 2022)."]}

Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Insecta, Arthropoda, Drabescus macrocladus, Animalia, Drabescus, Biodiversity, and Taxonomy

1. Drabescus macrocladus sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2) Description. Body length (including tegmina), male: 8.5–9.5 mm, female: 8.5–9.0 mm. Body color tawny. Crown (Fig. 1, A, B, E) with fore margin black, anterior margin of head (Fig. 1, E) with a pale yellow transverse band, upper and lower margin black. Face (Fig 1. C) dark brown with broad yellowish transverse band in middle below eyes; antennal pedicel dark brown. Pronotum and scutellum (Fig. 1, A, B) with dense brown mottling. Forewing (Fig. 1, A, D) with veins yellowish brown, subcosta with periphery black-brown, with triangular whitish transverse band in the middle section. Leg (Fig. 1, C, D, E) yellow to brown. Head (Fig. 1, A, B, E) broader than pronotum. Crown (Fig. 1, A, B) with anterior margin rounded and produced, median length of vertex slightly longer than next to eyes, transversely concave medially and subapically, coronal suture distinct, extended near 1/3 length of vertex. Face (Fig. 1, C) with anteclypeus conspicuously expanded apically; transclypeal suture obscure; lorum broad; gena with oblique wrinkles; lateral frontal sutures extending to corresponding ocelli. Pronotum (Fig. 1, A, B, E) with dense fine punctations, lateral margin long, carinate, hind margin strikingly concave. Forewing (Fig. 1, A, D) crimped. Fore femur with anteromedial (AM1) row seta enlarged and stout, intercalary (IC) row with numerous scattered long setae. Metafemur with apical setal formula 2+2+1. Male pygofer side (Fig. 2, I) constricted apically, apex broadly triangular, with numerous long macrosetae near caudal margin, ventroposterior margin without appendages. Valve (Fig. 2, J) oval. Subgenital plates (Fig. 2, J) with apical process long, digitate, tapering distally and strongly curved dorsad, with several fine hair-like microsetae arising from lateral margin. Style (Fig. 2, K) with apical process longish, wide and rather thick, lateral lobe prominently protruding with short microsetae, apex sclerotized. Connective (Fig. 2, L, M, N) Y-shaped, ventral margin angled at mid-length in lateral view; stem robust and longer than arms, articulated with aedeagus. Aedeagal shaft (Fig. 2, L) curved dorsad, apex expanded in lateral view, lamellate; shaft (Fig. 2, M, N) with a pair of long laterobasal processes, process apically tapering and extending nearly to apex of shaft; gonopore (Fig. 2, L, M, N) large, apical on ventroposterior surface. Anal tube (Fig. 2, I) large, strongly sclerotized laterally and dorsally. Female: Seventh sternite (Fig. 1, H) black, hind margin concave; ovipositor (Fig. 1, H) exceeding apex of pygofer; dorsal margin of the first valvulae (Fig. 2, O, P) slightly produced near the middle, sculpturing pattern strigate; dorsal margin of the second valvulae (Fig. 2, Q, R) with a near median blunt tooth, with serrate teeth restricted to approximately apical one-fourth. Material examined. Holotype: ♁, Hainan Province, Jianfengling Mountains, 900 m, 7-V-2008, Coll. Men Qiulei (NWAFU). Paratypes: 1♁ 1♀, same data as the holotype except 980 m, 5-V-2008; 1♀, same data as the holotype except 950 m, 9-V-2008. Etymology. The specific epithet of this new species originates from the Latin word “ macro ” and Greek “ klados ”, referring to the aedeagal shaft having a pair of long ramiform laterobasal processes. Remarks. This new species is similar to D. vilbastei Zhang & Webb, 1996, but it can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: face with broad yellowish transverse band in middle below eyes (without transverse band, frontoclypeus black brown in D. vilbastei); male pygofer side with ventroposterior margin without process (with a pair of processes in D. vilbastei); style with lateral lobe prominently protruding (absent in D. vilbastei); aedeagal shaft with apex expanded in lateral view (not expanded in lateral view in D. vilbastei).
Published as part of Xu, Deliang & Zhang, Yalin, 2023, Taxonomy of the leafhopper genus Drabescus Stål (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) with description of two new species from China, pp. 393-404 in Zootaxa 5264 (3) on pages 397-400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7836835
{"references":["Zhang, Y. L. & Webb, M. D. (1996) A revised classification of the Asian and Pacific selenocephaline leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum Entomology Series, 65 (1), 1 - 103."]}

Hemiptera, Insecta, Ectomocoris, Arthropoda, Animalia, Ectomocoris decoratus, Biodiversity, Reduviidae, and Taxonomy

Ectomocoris decoratus (Stål, 1863) (Figs. 8–10) Pirates decoratus Stål, 1863: 57. Callisphodrus decoratus: Stål (1867: 258). Pirates decorellus Walker, 1873: 129. Synonymized by Distant (1902: 283). Eumerus (Callisphodrus) decoratus: Stål (1874: 62). Sirthenea decorella: Lethierry & Severin (1896: 129). Ectomocoris decoratus: Lethierry & Severin (1896: 122); Maldonado (1990: 352). Type specimens examined. Lectotype (present designation), macropterous male, (lectotype circular label added in present study), 58·124 Australia., decoratus Stål, 104. Pirates decoratus, NHMUK 013586031 (NHM). Holotype of Pirates decorellus Walker, 1873, macropterous male, Type, Moreton Bay 57 71, Pirates decoratus Walker’s Catal., NHMUK 013586032 (NHM). Other specimens examined. [males macropterous and females micropterous]. AUSTRALIA. 2 males, aus., Pres. by Perth Museum. B.M. 1953-629. (NHM); 1 male, Fin mola (NHM). QUEENSLAND. 1 male, Mackay, Queensland. G. Turner. 1892-16. (NHM); 1 female, Townsville, Qld. 8.12.02 F. P Dodd, Queensland. F.P. Dodd. 1907-54. (NHM); 1 male, Brisbane: H. Hacker. 30.10.21, 96, Queensland. H. Hacker. B.M. 1924-455. (NHM); 1 male, 66. 12., Mor B., Pirates decoratus Walker’s Catal. (NHM); 1 male, Kuranda, 1.08, R.W. Armitage 2.3.08 (MV); 2 females, 17 00S 145 26E, Mareeba, iii.1993, Quarantine interception (ANIC); 1 female, Mt Moffatt, Carnarvon NP, Top shelter shed, 1000m, 10-12.xii.1987, Monteith, Thompson & Yeates (QM); 1 female, Blackdown Tableland via Dingo, 1-6.ii.1981, GB Monteith (QM); 1 male, Fletcher (QM); 1 male, Nth Pine, 4.xii.1962, G. Monteith (QM); 1 male, Biggenden Bluff Range foothills, 19-20.xii.1972, H. Frauca (ANIC); 1 male, Lake Broadwater via Dalby, SW Track, 22.viii.1984, M. Bennie (QM); 1 male, Deepwater Creek via Rosedale, 14.xii.1976, G.B. & S.R. Monteith (QM); 1 male, Brisbane, J. Muir (QM). NEW SOUTH WALES. 1 female, New S. Wales: Sydney, Auburn. 12.v.1927. B.M.1927-188. (NHM); 1 male, Maitland, 26.xii.1962, A. N. (MV); 1 female, Cessnock, 12.iii.1953, I.G. Filmer (QM); 1 male, Bulgeragar Ck via Quambone, 11.xi.1979, R.J. Faulder (NSWDPI); 1 female, Rivertree, 1.i.1931, E. Sutton (MV). AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY. 1 male, Yass, 1.i.1929, K. English (ANIC); 1 male, Deakin, Canberra, 28.xii.1967, E.B. Britton (ANIC); 1 male, Canberra, i.1953, H. Willings (ANIC). VICTORIA. 1 male, Tallarook Ranges, J.E. Dixon Collection Don. Jan 1940 (MV); 1 female (abdomen missing), Glenrowan (MV); 1 male, Grampians (MV); 2 females, Trawool, 17.xii.1919 (MV); 2 males, Victoria (MV). Redescription. Macropterous male (Fig. 8) Colouration (Fig. 8): Colouration of this species varies considerably among specimens examined. Primary body colour may be red, brownish red, brown or brownish black (brownish black part usually with blue metallic lustre). Following description is mainly based on the red colour form, which represents majority of examined specimens. Head, pronotum, scutellum, thoracic pleura and sterna red, posterior lobe of pronotum paler than anterior lobe in some individuals; scape yellow, second to fourth antennal segments yellowish brown; legs reddish brown, with apex of coxae, base of trochanters, apex of fore femur, basal one third and apex of mid and hind femora, base of tibiae and tarsi yellow; hemelytra of macropterous male dark brown, corium with a whitish stripe along claval suture, membrane with three whitish areas: a small stripe near base of costal margin, a curved band at basal area of AIC and an irregular patch at apical area of membrane; first to third abdominal tergites red, fourth to seventh tergites and abdominal sternites reddish brown, six and seventh tergites with a yellow patch in middle part, fourth and fifth tergites with median yellow spot as well in some individuals; connexiva with about anterior half of segments III–VII yellow and posterior half reddish brown. Structure (Figs. 8, 10): Head covered with short yellowish pilosity and sparse brown longer bristly setae prominent on mandibular plates and dorsum of head. Anteocular region about 2.3 times as long as postocular part, postocular region not protruding laterally, clypeus near its base distinctly elevated above mandibular plates. Neck with lateral tubercles distinct. Ocelli separated from eye by slightly more than diameter of single ocellus. Anterior lobe of pronotum about 1.9 times as long as posterior lobe. Scutellum triangular, slightly longer than wide, scutellar process projected and long. Hemelytra exceeding tip of abdomen. Coxa of fore leg with yellowish pilosity; fore tibia with fossula spongiosa occupying over 2/3 tibial length, mid tibia with fossula spongiosa occupying half of tibial length. Male with abdominal sternum medially carinate, extragenital structure absent. Male genitalia (Fig. 10): Median pygophore process long, falcate in caudal view, apex sharp, ventral surface with a longitudinal ridge, basal part with paired pointed knobs (Fig. 10A–C). Parameres subtriangular, inner margins curved (Fig. 10D&E), left paramere with apex blunt (Fig. 10D). Phallus (Fig. 10F–I) in resting condition with basal plate bridge slightly longer than basal plate (Fig. 10F), length of pedicel similar with length of basal plate (Fig. 10H); dorsal phallothecal sclerite curved (Fig. 10H&I); lateral phallothecal sclerite somewhat rectangle with an indistinct process at basal portion of inner margin (Fig. 10I); apical portion of endosoma with a sclerite, apex of which with a sharp angular process (Fig. 10F). Micropterous female (Fig. 9) Colouration generally similar to macropterous male. Differs from macropterous form as follows. Ocelli smaller and less elevated. Pronotum with anterior lobe subspherical, more than four times as long as posterior lobe, posterior lobe slightly narrower than anterior lobe. Scutellum reduced, much wider at base than long. Mesonotum with a lateral tubercle on each side. Hemelytra represented by minute flap, only reaching half length of scutellum (Fig. 9). Measurements: [of lectotype macropterous male of Pirates decoratus when available, followed by ranges of six macropterous males and two micropterous females]. Body length 13.94, 12.35–12.69 (♁), 13.17–13.64 (♀); maximum width of abdomen 3.91, 3.60–3.64 (♁), 3.71–4.21 (♀); length of head 2.25, 1.81–1.88 (♁), 1.78–1.92 (♀); width of head across eyes 1.71, 1.47–1.56 (♁), 1.46–1.50 (♀); length of anteocular region 0.74–0.78 (♁), 0.82–0.91 (♀); length of postocular region 0.32–0.41 (♁), 0.35–0.39 (♀); width of eye in dorsal view 0.56–0.57 (♁), 0.50–0.53 (♀); width of interocular space 0.36, 0.35–0.38 (♁), 0.41–0.49 (♀); width of interocellar space 0.20, 0.10–0.12 (♁), 0.11–0.12 (♀); lengths of antennal segments I–IV 1.26, 1.11–1.29 (♁), 0.99–1.10 (♀) / 2.43, 2.12–2.22 (♁), 1.93–2.07 (♀) /?–2.69 (♁), 2.69–? (♀) /?–? (♁), 1.68–? (♀); length of visible labial segments I–III 0.80–0.86 (♁), 0.75–0.79 (♀) / 1.17–1.35 (♁), 1.28–1.32 (♀) / 0.71–0.72 (♁), 0.71–0.78 (♀); length of pronotum 3.42, 2.99–3.21 (♁), 2.60–? (♀); length of anterior pronotal lobe 1.90–2.12 (♁), 2.11–2.28 (♀); length of posterior pronotal lobe 1.09–1.10 (♁), 0.49–? (♀); width of anterior pronotal lobe 2.19–2.98 (♁), 2.19–2.19 (♀); width of posterior pronotal lobe 3.51, 2.97–3.18 (♁), 2.05–? (♀); length of scutellum 1.80, 1.52–1.93 (♁), 0.83–1.03 (♀); maximum width of scutellum 1.44, 1.32–1.64 (♁), 1.91–? (♀); length of hemelytra 9.52, 8.40–8.99 (♁). Distribution. Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory and Victoria, and also Tasmania (Cassis & Gross 1995)). Notes. This species differs from E. truculentus (redescribed below) in having connexivum of each segment alternating with light and dark bands both ventrally and dorsally (Figs. 8, 9).
Published as part of Malipatil, M. B., Liu, Yingqi & Cai, Wanzhi, 2023, Revision of Australian Ectomocoris with the description of nine new species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae), pp. 451-504 in Zootaxa 5263 (4) on pages 463-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7835813
{"references":["Stal, C. (1863) Formae speciesque novae reduviidum. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 4, 25 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.1863.11755426","Stal, C. (1867) Bidrag till Reduviidernas kannendom. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 23, 235 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61897","Walker, F. (1873) Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part VII. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 213 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9254","Distant, W. L. (1902) Rhynchotal notes. - XV. Heteroptera: Family Reduviidae (continued), Piratinae, and Ectrichodiinae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 10, 282 - 295.","Stal, C. (1874) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en f ˆ rteckning ˆ fver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 4. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 12 (1), 1 - 186.","Lethierry, L. F. & Severin, G. (1896) Catalogue General des Hemipteres. Vol. III. Friedlader & fils, Musee Royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique, Bruxelles, 275 pp.","Maldonado, J. C. (1990) Systematic Catalogue of the Reduviidae of the World (Insecta: Heteroptera). A special edition of Caribbean Journal of Science, Mayag ¸ ez, 694 pp.","Cassis, G. & Gross, G. F. (1995) Hemiptera: Heteroptera (Coleorrhyncha to Cimicomorpha). In: Houston, W. W. K. & Maynard, G. V. (Eds.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 27.3 A. CSIRO Australia, Melbourne, pp. i - xv + 1 - 506."]}

Hemiptera, Ectomocoris ornatus, Insecta, Ectomocoris, Arthropoda, Animalia, Biodiversity, Reduviidae, and Taxonomy

Ectomocoris ornatus (Stål, 1863) (Figs. 26–29) Pirates ornatus Stål, 1863: 57. Callisphodrus ornatus: Stål (1867: 258). Callisphodrus patricius Stål, 1867: 258. New synonymy. Pirates patricius: Walker (1873: 127). Eumerus (Callisphodrus) ornatus: Stål (1874: 62). Eumerus (Callisphodrus) patricius: Stål (1874: 62). Ectomocoris ornatus: Lethierry & Severin (1896: 122); Bergroth (1912: 346) (record of apterous female); Maldonado (1990: 355). Ectomocoris patricius: Lethierry & Severin (1896: 123); Maldonado (1990: 355). Type specimens examined. Lectotype (present designation), macropterous male, (lectotype circular label added in present study), 58·124 Australia, ornatus Stål, NHMUK 013586045 (NHM); Lectotype (present designation), Callisphodrus patricius Stål, 1867, micropterous male, Typus, australia boreal., Thorey, patricius Stål, NHRSGULI 000000110 (NHRS). Other specimens examined. [Ma-macropterouos; Mi-micropterous] 1 male Ma, N. Holland., Pirates ornatus Walker’s Catal., Ent. Club. 44.12. (NHM); 1 female Mi, 58: 124 Australia., Pirates ornatus. Walker’s Catal. (NHM); 1 male Mi, 1 female Mi, australia, Pres. by Perth Museum. B. M. 1953-629. (NHM); 1 female Mi, Australia, NHRS-GULI 000008096 (NHRS). QUEENSLAND. 1 male Ma, Cairns, 20.iv.1905, H. Hacker, WW Froggatt Coll. (ANIC); 1 female Ma, Cairns (QM); 1 female Ma, Acacia Ridge, Brisbane, xi.1978, E.C. Dahms (QM); 1 female Ma, Moreton is., ix.1982 (QM); 1 male Ma, “Camp Milo” Cooloola, 17-28.viii.1970, E.C. Dahms (QM); 1 male Ma, Cooloola, to light, 17-28.viii.1970, E.C. Dahms (QM); 2 males Ma, Brookfield, 20.ix.1977, P. Sedlacek (QM); 1 male Ma, Brookfield, 16.x.1972 (QM); 1 male Ma, Brisbane, 4.x.1928 (QM); 1 female Ma, Ayr, 1.iv.1956, G. Saunders (QM); 1 male Mi, Acacia ridge, Brisbane, 31.i.1966, E.C. Dahms (QM); 1 male Mi, Caboolture, 22.i.1959, J. Sanderson (QM); 1 female Ma, Wolfdene, 27 47S 153.11 E, 13.viii.1988, A.E. DeJong (WAM); 1 female Mi, Moreton Bay 57 130, Pirates ornatus Walker’s Catal. (NHM); 1 female Mi, Brisbane: H. Hacker. 17/6/11, 68, Queensland Mus. R. Hamlyn Harris. R. Hamlyn Harris. 1914-202. (NHM); 1 female Mi, Australia North Queensl Brit. Mus. 1942-95. (NHM); 1 female Ma, Stradbroke Is., 20.ix.1954, A.N.B. (MV); 1 male Mi, Emu Vale area, i.1941, S. Henry (MV). NEW SOUTH WALES. 1 male Ma, Sydney, N. S. W. 1900-1903. J. J. Walker. 1910-384. (NHM); 1 female Mi, Sydney, N. S. W. 1900-1903. J. J. Walker. 1910-384. (NHM); 1 male Ma, Blackheath, 24- 27.i.1948, R. T. M.P. & A.N.B. (MV); 1 male Ma, 35 30S 150 34E GPS, Bawley Point, 21-23.ix.2000, D.C.F. Rentz (ANIC); 1 male Ma, Pigeon House Range, Nerriga Nowra Road, 1-3.xii.1937, F.N. Radcliffe (ANIC); 1 male Ma, Heathcote NP, 34 07S 150 57E, 19.v.1991 Tom Gush (ANIC); 1 male Ma, Mandalong, 33 11S 151 23E, 17.vi.1990, Tom Gush (ANIC); 1 male Ma, Uralla, 2.i.1990, L. & S. O’Donnell (ANIC); 1 female Ma, Olney State Forest, 33 08S 151 24E, 30.vi.1990, Tom Gush (ANIC); 1 male Ma, “ Pirates ornatus N. S. Wales ”, “Named by F. Walker 1873 ” (MV); 1 male Ma, N S Wales (MV). AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY. 1 female Mi, Canberra, 19.iii.1962, E.F. Reik (ANIC). Redescription. Macropterous male (Fig. 26) Colouration (Fig. 26): Generally bi-coloured, head, pronotum, scutellum, thoracic pleura, extreme base and most of posterior area of abdominal venter and dorsum black with bluish tinge particularly on ventral aspect. Abdomen with entire segments II & III and adjoining part of IV, connexiva with anterior area one third to half of segments IV–VI and entire connexivum of VII brownish yellow. Antennae, labium and legs generally orange (except coxal bases black and often distal third to half of hind femur and occasionally also entire hind tibia fuscous brown). Hemelytra orange except clavus and inner narrow area of corium adjoining distal 2/3 length of clavus fuscous; membrane fuscous except one whitish spot located on basal area of AIC and extreme apical area paler. Abdomen with basal areas of connexiva of IV-VI narrowly fuscous. Scutellum and pronotum shiny smooth. Head and body including abdomen generally covered with fine short pubescence, with sparse longer bristles obvious on appendages. Structure (Figs. 26–29): Body medium to large, elongate. Head: elongate fusiform, wholly covered with short whitish pilosity and sparse longer bristly setae prominent on mandibular plates, dorsal aspect of head and between eyes, and on dorsal aspect of first labial segment. Anteocular region elongate triangular, clypeus near its base slightly elevated knobbed above mandibular plates. Interocular region with arcuate convex sulcus at posterior border of eyes, and with a small median pit. Postocular region gradually rounded to neck. Ventral surface of head tumid before eyes. Ocellar tubercle distinct. Antennae with all segments cylindrical, with short whitish pilosity and sparse longer setae. Scape thickest, pedicel thinner towards distal end, then basi-and distiflagellum thinnest. Eyes moderately large, reniform, not reaching ventral margin in lateral view. Ocelli large, conspicuously raised, separated from each other by less than diameter of single ocellus, separated from eye by about similar distance. Labium with second and third visible segments sparsely covered with longish setae. Thorax: Anterior lobe of pronotum with collar armed with rounded and obvious tubercles at lateral ends, integument smooth, sulci indistinct, except shallow middle long sulcus in basal half. Posterior pronotal lobe short, arcuately quadrate, integument finely rugulose, with short pilosity, humeri rounded, posterior margin almost smoothly rounded, posterior angles not developed. Scutellum with disc slightly depressed, sides carinate, integument pilose, armed with strongly pointed and upwardly projected apex. Meso-and metanotum generally also rugulose carinate not smooth. Propleuron with integument faintly granulate but not smooth, pilose, set off from dorsal surface by a carina. Mesopleuron integument minutely granulate, sparsely pilose. Metapleuron with integument more distinctly granulate but granules not striate, metapleural sulcus distinctly bicarinate and curved, pilose with silvery dense hairs posteriorly. All sternites more or less smooth, moderately pilose. Pronotum densely pilose laterad of labial groove. Mesosternum with disc raised, metasternum with disc more or less tumid. Legs: Fore leg with coxa contiguous, with whitish pilosity; trochanter unarmed, sparsely hairy; femur strongly fusiform, greatly incrassate near base narrowing distally, much thicker than other femora, armed below with rows of bristly setae, in addition sparsely pilose laterally and above; tibia cylindrical, more or less straight but apex slightly reflexed, fossula spongiosa occupying about half of tibial length; tarsi with denser short pilosity ventrally. Mid leg with coxa globular, femur only slightly thickened, tibia with short whitish pilosity for whole length, with fossula spongiosa slightly less than half its length. Hind leg with femur cylindrical, not at all thickened, tibia with brush of seta, denser at apex. Abdomen: Dorsally elongate oval, sternum weakly carinate in midline (Fig. 26C), smooth with sparse longer hairs in addition to pilosity, sternite VII without extragenital structure. Connexivum with golden pilosity as elsewhere on sternum, abdominal sterna and terga entire. Spiracles situated below connexival suture, about halfway between anterior and posterior margin of each segment. Each spiracle postero-ventrally with indistinct small oval shiny impressed spot, also a smaller and irregularly shaped impressed spot close to anterior margin of each abdomen sternum. These spots present on corresponding segments on dorsum also but are of similar size. Hemelytra slightly exceeding abdomen and narrowly exposing connexivum. Male genitalia (Fig. 29): Median pygophore process long (Fig. 29A–C), curved in caudal view (Fig. 29B), apex sharp in caudal view (Fig. 29B) but blunt in lateral view (Fig. 29C), ventral surface with a longitudinal ridge, without knobs near base (Fig. 29B&C). Parameres broad, subtriangular, inner margins slightly curved (Fig. 29D&E), apical half of right paramere (Fig. 29E) much broader than left paramere (Fig. 29D). Phallus (Fig. 29F–I) in resting condition with basal plate bridge slightly longer than basal plate (Fig. 29F), pedicel slightly curved, almost as long as basal plate (Fig. 29H&I). Dorsal phallothecal sclerite curved, apex blunt (Fig. 29F, H&I); lateral phallothecal sclerite somewhat rectangle with a small sharp process at basal portion of inner margin (Fig. 29I). Micropterous male and female (Figs. 27, 28) Differs from macropterous form as follows. Head, thorax, bases of coxae, abdomen generally black (with bluish tinge conspicuous in female), with yellowish orange as follows: bases of abdominal second and third segments ventrally and dorsally except fuscous narrow median areas, connexiva both dorsally and ventrally (including narrow adjoining areas of sternites), legs, antennae and labium also yellowish, dorsally abdomen appears with three distinct black and yellow connvexival bands on tergites IV–VI. In female, colouration same as male except antennae slightly darker in some individuals. Posterior one third of hind femur vaguely fuscous in some individuals. Ocellar tubercle and ocelli obsolete, ocelli indistinct and appearing as shiny cuticular areas in female. Head surface above with sparse granules. Thoracic pleural integument with fine granules becoming more distinct and denser towards metapleura. Scutellum greatly modified; lateral carina indistinct, also apical process highly reduced to upwardly directed short fine point. Hemelytral flaps extremely reduced, extending to about 2/3 length of scutellum in male, extending to about one third basal length of scutellum in female. Scutellar area, pronotum and other black areas shiny smooth. Dorsum of abdomen with three small scent gland scars of subequal width on terga III–IV, IV–V and V–VI (Figs. 27A, 28A). Measurements: [of lectotype macropterous male of Pirates ornatus when available, followed by ranges of two macropterous males, one micropterous male and ranges of six micropterous females]. Body length 18.19, 17.27–18.32 (♁, Ma), 17.29 (♁, Mi), 18.65–20.13 (♀); maximum width of abdomen 4.42, 4.05–4.65 (♁, Ma), 4.80 (♁, Mi), 6.07–6.87 (♀); length of head 2.70, 2.51–2.56 (♁, Ma), 2.59 (♁, Mi), 2.82–3.00 (♀); width of head 1.98, 1.72–1.78 (♁, Ma), 1.63 (♁, Mi), 1.79–2.03 (♀); length of anteocular part 1.28–1.29 (♁, Ma), 1.28 (♁, Mi), 1.48–1.51 (♀); length of postocular part 0.48–0.51 (♁, Ma), 0.43 (♁, Mi), 0.55–0.57 (♀); width of eye in dorsal view 0.62–0.71 (♁, Ma), 0.66 (♁, Mi), 0.58–0.62 (♀); width of interocular space 0.58, 0.34–0.42 (♁, Ma), 0.40 (♁, Mi), 0.60–0.69 (♀); width of interocellar space 0.13, 0.11–0.12 (♁, Ma), 0.21 (♁, Mi), 0.20–0.23 (♀); lengths of antennal segments I–IV 1.62, 1.34–1.49 (♁, Ma), 1.40 (♁, Mi), 1.53–1.59 (♀) /4.23, 3.95–? (♁, Ma), 3.39 (♁, Mi), 3.23–3.44 (♀) / 3.96, 3.61–? (♁, Ma), 3.21 (♁, Mi),?–? (♀) /?–? (♁, Ma), 2.72 (♁, Mi),?–? (♀); length of visible labial segments I–III 0.91–0.98 (♁, Ma), 1.07 (♁, Mi), 1.16–1.26 (♀) /1.80–? (♁, Ma), 1.80 (♁, Mi), 2.10–2.20 (♀) /1.17–? (♁, Ma), 1.10 (♁, Mi), 1.22–1.51 (♀); length of pronotum 4.05, 3.49–3.60 (♁, Ma), 3.71 (♁, Mi), 3.70–4.12 (♀); length of anterior pronotal lobe 2.12–2.20 (♁, Ma), 2.61 (♁, Mi), 2.90–3.20 (♀); length of posterior pronotal lobe 1.38–1.40 (♁, Ma), 1.10 (♁, Mi), 0.80–0.91 (♀); width of anterior pronotal lobe 2.33–2.34 (♁, Ma), 2.57 (♁, Mi), 3.01–3.41 (♀); width of posterior pronotal lobe 4.14, 3.69–3.87 (♁, Ma), 3.11 (♁, Mi), 2.72–3.40 (♀); length of scutellum 1.89, 1.80–2.15 (♁, Ma), 1.40 (♁, Mi), 1.23–1.68 (♀); maximum width of scutellum 2.07, 2.48–2.49 (♁, Ma), 1.54 (♁, Mi), 2.27–2.60 (♀); length of hemelytra 13.70, 12.43–12.89 (♁, Ma), 1.75 (♁, Mi). Distribution. Australia (Queensland, New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory, and also Victoria (Cassis & Gross, 1995)). Notes. Stål (1867) recorded that the sex of the examined specimen of Callisphodrus patricius was female, but the type deposited in the NHRS, matching the original information, is a micropterous male, and we designate this type specimen as the lectotype (Fig. 27), presumably were female syntypes that could not be located during this study. The lectotype micropterous male of C. patricius, with the data listed under the types examined above was examined during the present study. It matched very well with the macropterous specimens listed above in all major characters including the male genitalia, except of course in the macropterous form of the hemelytra. Therefore, this species has been in the present study synonymised with E. ornatus (Stål, 1863). The latter species as is recognised in the present study occurs as both macropterous and micropterous forms in the male, but only as micropterous in the female.
Published as part of Malipatil, M. B., Liu, Yingqi & Cai, Wanzhi, 2023, Revision of Australian Ectomocoris with the description of nine new species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae), pp. 451-504 in Zootaxa 5263 (4) on pages 488-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7835813
{"references":["Stal, C. (1863) Formae speciesque novae reduviidum. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 4, 25 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.1863.11755426","Stal, C. (1867) Bidrag till Reduviidernas kannendom. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 23, 235 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61897","Walker, F. (1873) Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part VII. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 213 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9254","Stal, C. (1874) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en f ˆ rteckning ˆ fver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 4. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 12 (1), 1 - 186.","Lethierry, L. F. & Severin, G. (1896) Catalogue General des Hemipteres. Vol. III. Friedlader & fils, Musee Royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique, Bruxelles, 275 pp.","Bergroth, E. (1912) New or little known Hemiptera, chiefly from Australia, in the American Museum of Natural History. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 31, 343 - 348.","Maldonado, J. C. (1990) Systematic Catalogue of the Reduviidae of the World (Insecta: Heteroptera). A special edition of Caribbean Journal of Science, Mayag ¸ ez, 694 pp.","Cassis, G. & Gross, G. F. (1995) Hemiptera: Heteroptera (Coleorrhyncha to Cimicomorpha). In: Houston, W. W. K. & Maynard, G. V. (Eds.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 27.3 A. CSIRO Australia, Melbourne, pp. i - xv + 1 - 506."]}

Hemiptera, Insecta, Ectomocoris, Arthropoda, Animalia, Biodiversity, Ectomocoris truculentus, Reduviidae, and Taxonomy

Ectomocoris truculentus (Stål, 1863) (Figs. 32–34) Pirates truculentus Stål, 1863: 56. Callisphodrus truculentus: Stål (1867: 258). Pirates truculentus: Stål (1874: 63). Ectomocoris (Eumerus) fasciola Reuter, 1881: 315. Synonymized by Distant (1902: 283). Ectomocoris truculentus: Lethierry & Severin (1896: 123); Maldonado (1990: 357). Type specimen examined. Lectotype (present designation), brachypterous female, (lectotype circular label added in present study), Type, 58: 124 Australia., truculentus Stål., 102. Pirates truculentus, NHMUK 013586020 (NHM). Other specimens examined. [all macropterous]. AUSTRALIA. 1 female, Distant Coll. 1911-383. (NHM); 1 female, Australia. 95-64. (NHM); QUEENSLAND. 1 male, truculentus Stål, Peak-Downs, Distant Coll. 1911 - 383 (NHM); 2 males, “ Morney ” 120 km W of Windorah, 24.ix.1986, G.B. Monteith (QM); 1 male, Mt Moffatt N.P., Dargonelly Rockhole, 20-27.ix.1986, Monteith, Yeates & Thompson (QM); 1 male, same except Top Shelter Shed, 100 m, 10-12.xii.1987 (QM); 1 male, Birdsville, 10.i.1956, I.G. Filmer (QM); 1 female, Mitchell, ix.1991 (QM); 1 female, 5 ml NE of Noccundra, 3.iii.1965, L.J. Chinnick (ANIC); 1 male, Yeppoon, 17.xii.1964, I.F.B. Common (ANIC); 1 female, Amby, 22-27.xi.1979, H.E. & M.A. Evans & A. Hook (QM); 1 female, Black River nr Townsville, 6.iii.1991, T. Woodger (VAIC); 2 males, 2 females, Selwyn Mine, 150 km SE of Mt Isa, 7-14.iii.1991, T. Woodger (VAIC); 3 males, Queensland (MV). NEW SOUTH WALES. 1 female, at light, Cabramatta, New South Wales. 16: 11: 1927 M. I. Nikitin, Brit. Mus. 1959-57 (NHM); 1 female, Cabramatta 15/ 20-1-1959 B.M. 1959-57. M.I. Nikitin, Ectomocoris truculentus Stål M. Cook det. 1973 (NHM); 1 male, N. S. Wales. Hay WWP 5-2 1914, Ectomocoris truculentus Stål M. Cook det. 1973 (NHM); 2 males, Trangie Exp. Sta., 4 mls NNW of Trangie, at light, 13.xi.1968, R. C. Lewis (ANIC); 1 female, Deniliquin, 28.iii.1963, G. K. Browne (ANIC); 2 females, Macquarie Marshes, Longstowe Station nr Carinda, UV light trap, 10-12.iii.2002, leg. K.&G. Hangay (ANIC); 1 male, Matakana-Euabalong area, UV light trap, 19-22.xii.2002, leg. K.&G. Hangay (ANIC); 1 female, Sydney Box Hill, UV light, 26.xi.1994, A. Sundholm (ANIC); 1 male, Bogan R., J. Armstrong (ANIC); 1 female, New South Wales (MV). AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY. 1 male, 1 female, CSIRO, Black Mtn, 28.xii.1967, I.F.B. Common (ANIC). VICTORIA: 1 female, Australia: Victoria., Pres. By Imp. Bur. Ent. Brit. Mus. 1925-274., Pirates truculentus St. Det. B. Uvarov. (NHM); 1 male, Hattah, Mallee, 3.14, “ J.E. Dixon Collection. Don. Jan 1940 ” (MV); 1 female, Lake Hattah, J.E. Dixon, “ J.E. Dixon Collection Don. Jan 1940 ” (MV); 1 male, Ovens Vale, 23.xi.27, J. R. Brown (MV); 1 female, Ouyen, Mallee Dist. (MV); 1 male, Invergordon, S.S. 2076, 2.iv.14, Educ. Dept, stabs very badly when handled (MV); 1 male, Tawonga to Mt Fainter, 4000 ft, i. 1928, F.E.Wilson (MV); 1 female, Dooen, at light, 27.xii.1990, I.G. Faithfull (VAIC); 1 male, 1 female, Horsham, MV light in field pea, 22.xi.1991 (VAIC). SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 1 male, Australia. H. J. Hillier 1906-232. Killalpanima, 100 miles E. of L. Eyre (NHM); 1 male, 1 female, Killalpanima, 100 miles E of L. Eyre, “ Australia, H.J. Hillier, 1905-232” (ANIC); 1 female, S. Australia, “ From C. French, 15.11.11” (MV). NORTHERN TERRITORY. 1 female, Hermannsburg, Central Australia. H. J. Nillier. 1911-311., Ectomocoris truculentus Stål M. Cook det. 1973 (NHM); 1 female, Wildman River cashew plantation, black light, 19.ii.1990, W. Houston (VAIC); 1 female, 23.44S 133.44E, Temple Bar Gap, 15 km W by S of Alice Springs, 7.xi.1979, T. Weir (ANIC). WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 1 female, South Perth, 22.iv.1965, M.L. Davey (WAM); 1 female, Rottnest Is., 24.iii.1965, L.E. Koch leg. (WAM); 1 male, 107 mls SSE of Carnarvon, 21.iv.1968, I.F.B. Common & M.S. Upton (ANIC); 1 male, 1 female, 1 km NNE of Millstream, 24.x.1970, M.S. Upton & J. Freehan (ANIC); 1 female, 7 km E of Wuraga, xi.1981, K.&E. Carnaby (ANIC); 1 male, 31 23S 115 56, Ealong Lennard Brook, Gingin, 27.iii.1990, M. Horak (ANIC); 1 male, Coolgardie, From C. French Jun. 15.11.11 (MV); 1 male, Derby, 24.ix.1962, G. Beamish (WAM); 1 female, Glen Forrest, 27.iv.1973, S.M. Wade (WAM); 1 female, Dumbleyung, 27.iii.1967, H. Udell. Leg (WAM); 1 female, Geraldton, 24.iv.1976, L. Smith (WAM); 1 female, Mt Tom Price, viii.1973, R. P. McMillan (WAM); 1 female, Ord River Pondage Weir, Kununurra, 21.ix.1979, J. Blyth (MV). Redescription. Macropterous male and female (Fig. 33) Colouration (Fig. 33): Black. Antennae, labium and legs (except coxae black) orange; hemelytra with clavus blackish brown, corium orange except a patch near inner angle area adjoining posterior half length of clavus blackish brown, membrane blackish brown with apical portion slightly paler, AIC with a transverse white oval spot in middle; connexivum orange red. Structure (Figs. 33, 34): Head: Elongate fusiform, wholly covered with short whitish pilosity and sparse brown longer bristly setae prominent on mandibular plates and dorsum of head. Anteocular region elongate triangular, about 2.6 times as long as postocular region, postocular region almost rounded to neck and slightly protruding laterally, clypeus near its base slightly elevated above surface. Ventral surface of head tumid before eyes. Neck with lateral tubercles indistinct. Antennae with all segments cylindrical, with short pilosity and sparse longer setae, scape also with brown bristly scattered setae. Scape thickest, pedicel thinner and markedly longer than scape, both basi-and distiflagellum thinnest. Eyes moderately developed, reniform, not reaching ventral margin in lateral view. Ocelli small, slightly raised, separated from each other by about diameter of single ocellus, separated from eye by less than diameter of single ocellus. Labium curved at base, second visible segment tumid narrowing distally, second and third sparsely covered with longish setae. Thorax: Anterior lobe of pronotum about 2.9 times as long as posterior lobe, collar armed with rounded tubercles at lateral ends, integument of stripes on anterior lobe pilose and rough, sulci indistinct, except shallow middle long sulcus in basal half. Posterior pronotal lobe arcuately quadrate, integument finely rugulose, with short pilosity, humeri rounded, posterior margin almost smoothly rounded. Scutellum triangular, slightly wider than long, disc deeply depressed, sides carinate, integument pilose, apical process projected and short, pointed horizontal, apex covered with several bristles. Propleuron with integument very finely granulate, smoothly pilose, set off from dorsal surface by a carina. Mesopleuron integument also granulate, smoothly pilose. Metapleuron with integument with slightly more distinctly and uniformly granulate, pilose with silvery dense hairs posteriorly. All sternites moderately pilose. Pronotum densely pilose laterad of labial groove. Metasternum with disc more or less tumid. Macropterous, hemelytra reaching almost tip of abdomen in males but ending slightly before tip of abdomen in females, fully exposing connexiva. Legs: Fore leg with coxa with whitish pilosity, trochanter unarmed, sparsely hairy, femur armed below with rows of fine bristly setae, in addition sparsely pilose laterally and above, tibia cylindrical, more or less straight but apex slightly reflexed, fossula spongiosa occupying almost entire tibial length, tarsi three segmented, cylindrical, denser short pilosity ventrally. Mid leg with coxa globular, femur only slightly thickened, tibia with short whitish pilosity for whole length, with fossula spongiosa occupying almost entire tibial length, other details as for fore legs. Hind leg with femur cylindrical, scarcely thickened, tibia with brush of setae, denser at apex. Abdomen: Male with abdominal sternum medially not carinate, extragenital structure on sternite VII absent, venter with bristly posteriorly directed setae in addition to golden pilosity. Connexivum with golden pilosity as elsewhere on sternum. Abdominal sterna and terga entire. Spiracles situated near connexival suture, about halfway between anterior and posterior margin of each segment. Each spiracle postero-ventrally with a small circular shiny impressed spot, also a smaller irregularly shaped impressed spot close to anterior margin of each sternite. Such impressed spots present also on dorsal aspects of corresponding segments but are covered by hemelytra. Female with abdominal sternum pilose as in male, intersegmental sutures strongly curved anteromedially, all visible sterna appearing narrower medially except VII very enlarged (Fig. 33C). Male genitalia (Fig. 34): Median pygophore process short, straight and oblique to right side in caudal view (Fig. 34B), apex sharp, ventral surface with a longitudinal ridge, basal part with paired pointed knobs (Fig. 34B&C). Parameres curved, paddle shaped (Fig. 34D&E), left paramere (Fig. 34D) slightly narrower than right paramere (Fig. 34E). Phallus (Fig. 34F–I) in resting position with basal plate bridge slightly longer than basal plate (Fig. 34F); dorsal phallothecal sclerite curved (Fig. 34H&I), lateral phallothecal sclerite with two distinct processes at basal half of inner margin, upper one sharp and lower one right-angled (Fig. 34I). Brachypterous female (Fig. 32) Colour pattern similar to macropterous, except hemelytra without whitish spot; abdominal tergites orangish brown, sternites blackish brown; connexivum orange red. Differs from macropterous male in anteocular part of head about 3.2 times as long as postocular part. Anterior lobe of pronotum about 3.7 times as long as posterior lobe. Hemelytra only reaching base of second abdominal tergite. Measurements: [of lectotype brachypterous female of Pirates truculentus when available, followed by those of one macropterous male and ranges of six macropterous females]. Body length 18.53, 15.90 (♁), 17.85–18.67 (♀); maximum width of abdomen 5.78, 4.08 (♁), 5.40–5.49 (♀); length of head 3.42, 2.30 (♁), 2.32–2.53 (♀); width of head across eyes 1.80, 1.51 (♁), 1.63–1.71 (♀); length of anteocular part 1.17 (♁), 1.23–1.34 (♀); length of postocular part 0.48 (♁), 0.39–0.48 (♀); width of eye in dorsal view 0.43 (♁), 0.40–0.45 (♀); width of interocular space 0.90, 0.66 (♁), 0.76–0.79 (♀); width of interocellar space 0.45, 0.22 (♁), 0.31–0.32 (♀); lengths of antennal segments I–IV 1.80, 1.59 (♁), 1.68–1.94 (♀) / 3.60, 3.46 (♁), 3.18–3.65 (♀) / 3.04 (♁),?–? (♀) / 2.78 (♁),?–? (♀); lengths of visible labial segments I–III 0.90 (♁), 0.90–0.99 (♀) / 1.61 (♁), 1.89–1.92 (♀) / 1.61 (♁), 1.89–1.92 (♀); length of pronotum 4.77, 4.19 (♁), 3.99–4.60 (♀); length of anterior pronotal lobe 3.10 (♁), 3.15–3.45 (♀); length of posterior pronotal lobe 1.08 (♁), 0.85–1.16 (♀); width of anterior pronotal lobe 2.98 (♁), 3.24–3.35 (♀); width of posterior pronotal lobe 4.23, 3.88 (♁), 3.77–4.30 (♀); length of scutellum 1.80, 1.69 (♁), 1.71–2.01 (♀); maximum width of scutellum 1.71, 2.04 (♁), 1.72–2.21 (♀); length of hemelytra 4.32, 10.20 (♁), 10.11 (macropterous) (♀). Distribution. Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, South Australia, Northern Territory and Western Australia). Notes. This species can be readily distinguished by the connexivum that is dorsally and ventrally uniformly orange red (without any light / dark bands) in both macropterous and brachypterous forms (Figs. 32, 33), also the base of the abdomen dorsally and ventrally not contrastingly pale compared to the remainder of the abdomen (Figs. 32, 33).
Published as part of Malipatil, M. B., Liu, Yingqi & Cai, Wanzhi, 2023, Revision of Australian Ectomocoris with the description of nine new species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae), pp. 451-504 in Zootaxa 5263 (4) on pages 497-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7835813
{"references":["Stal, C. (1863) Formae speciesque novae reduviidum. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 4, 25 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.1863.11755426","Stal, C. (1867) Bidrag till Reduviidernas kannendom. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 23, 235 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61897","Stal, C. (1874) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en f ˆ rteckning ˆ fver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 4. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 12 (1), 1 - 186.","Reuter, O. M. (1881) Ad cognitionem Reduviidarum mundi antique. Unknown publisher, 71 pp. [also published in Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae, 1883 (12), 269 - 339]","Distant, W. L. (1902) Rhynchotal notes. - XV. Heteroptera: Family Reduviidae (continued), Piratinae, and Ectrichodiinae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 10, 282 - 295.","Lethierry, L. F. & Severin, G. (1896) Catalogue General des Hemipteres. Vol. III. Friedlader & fils, Musee Royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique, Bruxelles, 275 pp.","Maldonado, J. C. (1990) Systematic Catalogue of the Reduviidae of the World (Insecta: Heteroptera). A special edition of Caribbean Journal of Science, Mayag ¸ ez, 694 pp."]}

Hemiptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Pentatomidae, Animalia, Biodiversity, Glyphuchus, and Taxonomy

Glyphuchus Stål, 1860 (figs. 1–3) Glyphuchus Stål, 1860: 16; Stål, 1872: 12; Kirkaldy, 1909: 221; Petrulevičius & Popov, 2014: 28, 29; Kment & Garbelotto, 2016: 207; Grazia et al., 2023. Type species. Glyphuchus sculpturatus Stål, 1860, by monotypy. Diagnosis. Glyphuchus can be recognized by its curved, swollen labrum, head longer than wider, with a short acute preocular projection, pronotum with flattened, lateral expansions and a small projection in the anterolateral angles, and abdominal segments with serrated aspect, pronounced laterally. Redescription. General morphology and color. Body oval, longer than wide. General body color mostly green when alive (fig. 1), mottled, with markings varying from dark brown to black on head, pronotum, scutellum, hemelytra, and connexival segments; scutellum with 1+1 yellowish calli on either side of disk and four spots of same color on pronotal cicatrices. Preserved specimens (figs. 2, 3) green-yellowish; dark and yellowish markings present. Head. Subrectangular, longer than wide, with dark punctures scattered throughout; eyes rounded, globose, ocelli closer to eyes than to each other.Acute preocular projection present, not exceeding half the length of scape.Mandibular plates longer than clypeus, convex in outline, apices rounded, contiguous in front of clypeus. Labrum large, thick, strongly curved forward (fig. 3D). Bucculae elevated, rounded anteriorly and posteriorly, widened posteriorly, much shorter than rostral segment I. Rostrum reaching base of abdominal segment III (2 nd visible segment). Antennae 5-segmented, segments I-III cylindrical, segment IV claviform, segment V fusiform. Antennal segment I shorter than mandibular plates. Antennal segments I and II yellowish with black dots, antennal segment III dark brown at basal two thirds and lighter at apex, segment IV dark brown, segment V basally yellow and apically dark brown. Thorax. Pronotum subrectangular, declivent anteriorly (fig. 3D), laterally expanded (expansions flattened); anterior angles projecting acutely laterad, lateral margins sinuate. Transversal line behind the cicatrices of pronotum elevated (fig. 3D), with four light spots (fig. 2A) slightly elevated. Scutellum long, reaching almost to apex of abdominal segment VI (fig. 3A), with lighter outlines in the lateral margins of the frenal lobe. Scutellar fovea depressed, scutellar disk more elevated than the postfrenal lobe. Apical margins of scutellum elevated on both sides, but not in the middle. Mesosternum slightly depressed medially, metasternum flat, hexagonal. Spout-like peritreme short, not reaching middle width of evaporatorium (fig. 3B, per). Hemelytra. Lateral margins convex, longer than scutellum. Dark punctures scattered across coria, forming three dark patches on each corium: one near the scutellar fovea, one in the middle of corium, and one at apex of the radial vein. Membrane short, not reaching the apex of connexival segment VII, darker in live specimen. Legs. Yellow in preserved specimens, with many large brown dots on femora and tibiae. Forecoxae much closer to each other than middle and hindcoxae. Tibia strongly sulcate, excavated dorsally. Femora with a subapical dark brown annulus. Tarsi 3-segmented, middle segment shortest, apical segment longer than basal; middle and apical segments dorsally yellow, ventrally apex of middle segment and apical segment dark brown. Claws dark brown with yellowish base. Abdomen. Spiracles II partially concealed by metaepimeron, spiracles III–VII oval with black outline. Abdominal venter light yellow with many dark scattered punctures, most of which bear a thick brownish seta; middle portion of venter almost unpunctured. Middle of sternite VII with a dark brown longitudinal patch, occupying the whole sternite length in male, and restricted to a small anterior semilunar area in female. Sternites III–VII projected laterally, serrated. Connexival segments III–VII yellow, with black markings on anterior and posterior portions; same color pattern on lateral margins of sternites. In male, abdominal segment VIII (fig. 2D, VIII) bearing spiracles VIII, these circular with black outline (fig. 2D, sp), smaller than spiracles III–VII. Male genitalia. (figs. 2C–E) Genital capsule subquadrangular, laterally sinuous. Dorsal rim (dr) concave, darker than adjacent dorsal area; posterolateral angles (pla) strongly projected posteriorly, apically rounded, slightly sinuous in posterior view (fig. 2C). Ventral rim (vr) with deep, U-shaped, median excavation, presenting brownish bristles along the rim (figs. 2D, E). Segment X (X) longer than wide, projected posteriorly but not reaching apex of posterolateral angles. Parameres (par) apically dark, acute, not projecting beyond posterolateral angles. Female genital plates. (fig. 3C) Valvifers 8 (vf8) trapezoidal, base larger than apex, mesially contiguous from base to apex.Apical portion of valvifers 8 almost straight, angulated to each other, edges rounded. Laterotergites 8 (lt8) triangular, apically rounded, shaped like apical portion of sternites III–VII. Laterotergites 9 (lt9) small, barely exceeding the mediotergite 8, contiguous for half of their length; apically rounded. Valvifers 9 and segment X not visible. Distribution. Brazil (Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia [National Park]).
Published as part of López, Guilherme E. L., Carrenho, Renan & Schwertner, Cristiano F., 2023, Over 170 years later: redescription of the genus Glyphuchus Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Discocephalinae), with the first description of the male, pp. 401-410 in Zootaxa 5263 (3) on pages 402-406, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7804347
{"references":["Stal, C. (1860) Bidrag till Rio Janeiro-Traktens Hemipter-Fauna. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 2, 1 - 84.","Stal, C. (1872) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en f ˆ rteckning ˆ fver alla hittels kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 2. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 10 (4), 1 - 159.","Kirkaldy, G. (1909) Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera). V. I: Cimicidae. Felix L. Dames, Berlin, xl + 392 pp.","Petrulevicius, J. F. & Popov, Y. A. (2014) First fossil record of Discocephalinae (Insecta. Pentatomidae): a new genus from the middle Eocene of Rio Pichileufu, Patagonia, Argentina. Zookeys, 422, 23 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 422.6750","Kment, P. & Garbelotto, T. A. (2016) Discimita linnavuorii, a new genus and species of Afrotropical Pentatominae resembling neotropical discocephalinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Entomologica Americana, 122 (1 - 2), 199 - 211. https: // doi. org / 10.1664 / 15 - RA- 029 R","Grazia, J., Campos, L. A., Fernandes, J. A. M., Schwertner, C. F., Garbelotto, T. A., Roell, T. & Barros, L. D. (2023) Pentatomidae in Catalogo Taxonomico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available from: http: // fauna. jbrj. gov. br / fauna / faunadobrasil / 2212 (accessed 14 February 2023)"]}

Insect Science, Research, and General Medicine

Stink bugs, including Halyomorpha halys (Stål) and Nezara viridula (L.), are agricultural pests that feed on fruit in a variety of crops. Monitoring predation and parasitism of stink bug egg masses furthers our understanding of potential biological control tactics. However, best practices for laboratory and field assessments of parasitism and predation of egg masses require further attention. We carried out a series of laboratory and field experiments to test whether parasitism and predation for three types of sentinel H. halys egg masses, fresh, frozen, and refrigerated, varied in agricultural commodities. In addition, we asked if predation and parasitism differed between sentinel and naturally occurring H. halys and N. viridula egg masses in soybean. In the laboratory, more H. halys eggs were parasitized by Trissolcus euschisti (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) if they were frozen or refrigerated compared to fresh eggs. Similarly, in the field, parasitism was higher for frozen egg masses than fresh. In 2018 and 2019, H. halys natural egg masses had higher parasitism and lower predation compared to sentinel egg masses in soybean. In a paired field test during 2020 and 2021, there was no difference in parasitism between H. halys natural and sentinel eggs, but much higher incidence of parasitism was detected in natural N. viridula egg masses than sentinel eggs. Collecting natural egg masses is the best methodology for field assessment of parasitism of stink bug egg masses; however, if natural egg masses are not easily available, deploying refrigerated sentinel egg masses is a good alternative.

Labeo rohita, Esterase Isozymes, Polyacrylamide gels, α-naphthylacetate, Electrophoretic banding patterns. Relative mobilites. (Rm)

Labeo rohita is most preferred indigenous edible species in most of the countries and the most abundant species in our fresh water rivers, paddy fields and other water channels. Fishes are the excellent models for monitoring environmental contamination in aquatic system. The In our present investigation electrophoretic banding patterns of tissue specific esterases in various tissues i.e. gill, liver, intestine, muscle and brain were investigated in fresh water fish Labeo rohita. The results revealed that the electrophoretic esterase banding patterns varied in different tissues i.e. gill, liver, intestine, muscle and brain of fish Labeo rohita. Esterase Isozyme patterns were separated on thin layer 1.5 mm (thickness) polyacrylamide gels (SDS-7.5%) and stained with α – naphthyl acetate used as substrate. Three different esterase bands were detected and named as Est-1, Est-2 and Est-3 with different relative motilities (Rm) such as 0.6± 0.05; 0.4± 0.05; 0.3± 0.05. All the three esterase bands were present in all tissues i.e. gill, liver, intestine, muscle and brain. Among the all tissues gill and liver tissue exhibited deeply staining of Est-1; Est-2 and Est-3(+++). Intestine tissue shown Est-1 deeply stained (+++) whereas Est-2 and Est-3 were median deep stained (++). Muscle tissue showed Est-1 and Est-2 were deeply stained (+++) whereas Est-3 was median deep stained (++). Brain tissue exhibited Est-2 was deeply stained(+++) whereas Est-1 and Est-3 were median deep stained(++).Studies on esterases of fish and other organisms revealed similar type of patterns of esterases were noticed in one or other tissue of all the animals. Keywords: Labeo rohita, Esterase Isozymes, Polyacrylamide gels, α-naphthylacetate, Electrophoretic banding patterns. Relative mobilites. (Rm) References Augustinsson, K.B. 1961. Multiple forms of esterases in vertebrate blood plasma. Ann. NY. Acad. Sci., 94: 844-860. Aldridge, W.N. (1953). Serum esterases 1:Two types of esterases (A & B) hydrolysing p-nitro phenyl acetate, propionate and butyrate, and a method for their determination. Biochem. J. 53,110-117. Abdur Rashid Md. Esterase banding pattern in different age groups of mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis in Bangladesh ., International Journal of Environmental Biology 2012; 2(3): 162-164. Ahmed MJ, Alam MS, Rashid MA, Begum RA, Shahjahan RM. Variability of esterase isozyme at some developmental stages of mosquito fish Poecilia reticulata. Bangladesh J Life Sci 2011; 23(1):139-142. Begum RA, Yasmin F, Rashid MA, Alam MS, Shahjahan RM. Comparison of tissue specific esterase isozyme banding pattern in the larvae and adult of Heteropneustes fossilis. Indian J Soc Nat Sci 2011; 1:1-7. Baglole, C.J., Goff, G.P. and G.M. Wright. 1998. Distribution on ontogeny of digestive enzyme in larval yellow tail winter flounder. Journal of Fish Biology, 53:767-784. Brestkin, A.P., Grioria, G.M., Zhukovskii, Y.G., Kuyznetsova, L.R. and L. Rakie. 1975. Acetylcholine esterase from the electric organ of the ray fish Torpedo marmorata. Evolution of Biochemistry and Physiology, 11: 250-257. Begum RA, Bhadra SC, Shahjahan RM, Alam MS, Begum A. Esterase banding pattern in different tissues of Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878). Bangladesh J. Zool. 2008; 36: 287-294. Clarke. Simplified "Disc" (Polyacrylamide Gel) Electrophoresis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. Dec 28; 121: 1964, 428–436). Callaghan, A., Boiroux, V., Raymofld, M. and N. Pasteur. 1994. Prevention of changes in electrophoretic mobility of overproduced esterase from organophosphate-resistant mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens complex. Medical Veterinary and Entomology, 8: 391-394. Choudhury, S.R. 1972. The nature of non-specific esterases, a sub-unit concept. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 20: 507-517 Debnath JC. Electrophoretic and Biochemical studies of proteins and isozymes of non-specific esterase, Lactate and Malate dehydrogenases in the three species of freshwater fishes of Bosnia and Hercegovina. University medical centre, Sarajevo.1978; (Ph D thesis). Dempson, I.B., Schwarz, C.J., Shears, M. & Furey, G., (2004). Comparative proximate body composition of Atlantic salmon with emphasis on parr from fluvial and lacustrine habitats. J. Fish Biol., 64: 1257-1271. Ghazala. Effect of Triazophos on Esterase Activity and Protein Contents of Liver, Kidney, Brain, Blood and Muscles of Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala., Pakistan J. Zool., 2016; 48(2), 513-518. Gurrapu, S., & Mamidala, E. (2016). Medicinal plants used by traditional medicine practitioners in the management of HIV/AIDS-related diseases in tribal areas of Adilabad district, Telangana region. The Ame J Sci & Med Res, 2(1), 239-245. Holmes , R.S., Master, C.J., Web, E.C. (1968). A comparative study of vertebrates esterase multiplicity. Comp. Biochem. Physiiol.26, 837-852. Holmes, R.S. Master, C.J. (1967). The developmental multiplicity and isozyme status of cavian esterases. Biochem. Biophys Acta. Mar 15; 132(2): 379-399. Hawajahan et al., Electrophoretic banding pattern of esterase isozyme in different tissues of Puntius sophore (cyprinidae: cypriniformes)., J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 2016; 42(2): 201-208. Holmes RS, Masters CJ.1967-- The developmental multiplicity and isoenzyme status of cavian esterases. Biochim Biophys Acta., 132(2):379-399. Hongtuo F, Zin D, Tingting W. Isozyme of Oreochromis aureus. Aquaculture 1993; 111:326-332. King R.C. 1974. A dictionary of genetics. pp. 156. Oxford University Press, Inc K. Knowls, New systems and new fishes for culture in the Far East, FAO fisheries report. 5 (1968)123-124. Knowles C, Aruvkar SK, Hogan JW. Electrophoretic separation of fish brain esterase. J Fish Res Bd Can 1968; 25:121-129. Lalith Pathak., R.S.Saxena., H.N.Sharma. (2015). Studies on Malathion and parathion induced haematotoxicity in Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, and Labeo rohita. Eduved. Int. J. of Interdisciplinary Research. ISSN: 2348-6775. Louka, N., Juhel, V., Fazilleau, V. & Loonis, P. (2004). A novel colorimetry analysis used to compare different drying fish processes. Food control. 15: 327-334. L. Sifa, C. Wangi, Z. Biyun, Variation of morphology and biochemical genetic markers among population of blunt snout bream (Megalobrana mblycephala), Aquaculture. 111(1993) 117-127. Matteo, M.R., R. Schiff, L. Garfield 1973. The non-specific esterases of the marine snail, Littorina littorea. Histochemical characterization. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 50A: 141-147. Massaro, E.J., J.C. Massaro and Jr. R.W Harrington 1975. Biochemical comparison of genetically different homozygous clones (isogenic, uniparental lines) of the self-fertilizing fish Rivulus mamoratus Poey. In: Isozymes -III, Developmental Biology. Market, C.L. (Ed.), p. 437-453, Academic Press, New York, U.S.A. Md. Abdur Rashid, Dil Amena Habib 2012, Tissue specific esterase isozymes banding pattern in Silver carp (Hypophthalmicthyes molitrix) at different developmental stages International Journal of Research in Zoology.ISSN:2278-1358.6 EST. Electrophoretic Banding Patterns of Esterase Isozymes in Fresh Water Fish Channa punctatus. M. Venkateswara Rao1, *Dr. Y. Venkaiah2. Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences Zoology (Animal Science), Vol.41A, No.1, January-June 2022: P.34-39. ISSN 0970 0765. R. S. Holmes, G. S. Whitt, Developmental genetics of the esterase isozymes of Fundulus heteroclitus, Biochemical Genetics. 4 (1970) 471-478. R. A. Begum, R.M. Shahjahan, F.M. Nur, H. Rahman, M.A. Kabir, Analysis of esterase isozyme banding in some tissues of Nile tilapia and Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L, Bangladesh J. Zool. 38 (2010) 119-126. Rowshan Ara Begum, Fatema Yasmin, Md. Abdur Rashid, Md. Shamimul Alam, Reza Md. Shahjahan. Comparison of tissue specific esterase isozyme banding pattern in the larvae and adult of Heteropneustes fossilis-Indian Journal of Social and Natural Sciences Indian J. Soc. Nat. Sci.ISSN: 1(1): 1-7 (2011). Raju, Venkaiah. Electrophoretic Patterns of Esterases of Parotoid Gland of common Indian Toad Bufo melanostictus (Schneider), Journal of Cell and Tissue Research, 2013 Vol. 13(1) 3491-349 Rajaiah et al., Tissue esterase patterns of muscle and brain of channiformes and perciformes fishes. Asian Journal of Bio Science. 2010; 5 (2): 187-191. Reddy. M.T. and Lakshmipathi, V. 1988. Esterases in Amblypharyngodon mola., Curr. Science 57(1): 24-27.) S. H. P. P. Karunaratne, G. J. Small, J. Hemingway, Characterization of the elevated esterase associated insecticide resistance mechanism in Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) and other plant hopper species, International Journal of Pest Management. 45 (1999) 225-230. Sahib IKA, Rao KVR. Toxicity of Malathion to the freshwater fish Tilapia mossambica. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1980; 24: 870-874. Somaiah.K, P.V.V.Satish, K.Sunitha, B.Nagaraju and O.Oyediran O.yebola. (2014). Toxic impact of phenthoate on protein and glycogen levels in certain tissue of Indian major carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton). IOSR Journal of Environmental science, Toxicology and food technology. ISSN: 2319-2399. Shahjahan RM, Karim A, Begum RA, Alam MS, Begum A. Tissue specific esterase isozyme banding pattern in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Univ.J.Zool. Rajshahi Univ. 2008; 27: 01-05. Shengming, H., Changgeng, Q. And Thukui, T. 1988. Comparative studies on the electrophoregram of esterase isozyme and lactate dehydrogenase of Carassius aukatus gibelio Bloch and Carassius sp. Zool. Res. 9: 69-78. Scott G.R, Sloman K.A. (2004). The effects of environmental pollutants on complex fish behavior: integrating behavioral and physiological indicators of toxicity. Aquat Toxicol 68:369–392. Shinde.S.C.S, I.Pala, M.Buchiram. (2007). Toxicity and behavioral changes in fresh water fish Labeo rohita exposed to Ziram. Journal of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Monitoring; 17(6):53542. Sifa L, Wangi C, Biyun Z. Variation of morphology and biochemical genetic markers among population of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Aquaculture 1993; 111:117-125. Ch. Shankar, Thirupathi K, Bheem Rao T, Venkaiah Y. Effect of Chlorpyrifos on esterase Isozyme banding patterns in muscle and brain of fresh water fish Heteropneustes fossilis. Research journal of life sciences, Bioinformatics, pharmaceuticals and Chemical sciences (RJLBPCS). ISSN: 2454-6348. Venkaiah V, Lakshmipathi V. Electrophoretic studies on comparison of esterases patterns of two cat fishes and the toad, J. Aquatic Biol., 2006; 2(2): 170 – 174. Vanda, M.D.C., R.M. Marques, A.S. Lapenta and M.F.P.S. Machado. 2003. Functional classification of esterases from leaves of Aspidosperma polyneuron M. Arg. (Apocynaceae). Genet. Mol. Biol. 26: 2 Vedbrat, S.S. and G.S. Whitt 1975. Isozyme ontogeny of the mosquito. Anopheles albimanus. In: Isozymes - HI, Developmental Biology., C.L. Market (Ed.), p.l31-143, Academic Press, New York, U.S.A.

Hemiptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Herpis, Animalia, Biodiversity, Derbidae, and Taxonomy

Genus Herpis Stål 1862 Type species Herpis fuscovittata Stål, 1862, by subsequent designation of Muir 1924: 16 (see also McAtee 1924: 175). Syntames Fowler, 1905 (Type species Syntames delicatus Fowler 1905, by monotypy). Synonym with Herpis according to Muir 1924: 16; Caldwell 1944: 99; O’Brien 1987: 383; treated as valid by Metcalf 1938: 324; 1945a: 101; 1945b: 125. Synonymy of Syntames with Herpis confirmed in Bahder et al. (2021a). Amended Diagnosis (Modified from Bahder et al 2021a). Relatively large, and robust cenchreines, measuring approximately 5-8 mm in length, including wings. Wings held tectiform in repose, distinctly exceeding abdomen. Vertex broad, trapezoidal, just broader than long, nearly flat to weakly concave, transverse carinae present at fastigium. Pits present along lateral carinae of vertex and frons, varying in distinctness, appearing to be in 2+ rows. Frons (frontal view) broad, flat or nearly so (not concave), lateral margins parallel, medium carina of frons evident, frontoclypeal margin straight. Clypeus elongate-triangular, approximately in the same plane as frons, median carina present. Genae without subantennal processes. Antennae short, pedicle spheroid, about as long as wide. Lateral ocelli obscure or absent. Pronotum narrow, anterior convex, posterior concave, broadening laterally, in lateral view declinate anteriorly; paranotal region foliate, forming large foveae posterior to the antennae (a tribal feature). Mesonotum tricarinate, carinae approximately reaching posterior margin, scutellum contiguous with scutum (i.e., not separated by groove). Lateral teeth absent on tibiae. Terminalia bilaterally symmetrical. Pygofer in lateral view narrow, irregular in outline; in ventral view, median process of pygofer present (longer than wide, apically conical). Gonostyli elongate, broad, bearing dorsal projection in proximal half, and (in ventral view) usually with a medial (ental) process near midlength. Aedeagal shaft with processes apically and near midlength; flagellum complex, with elongate retrorse processes. Anal tube elongate in lateral view (but usually shorter than gonostyli), distally expanded; in dorsal view appearing spatulate with caudal margin strongly bifid.
Published as part of Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A., Helmick, Ericka E., Bartlett, Charles R. & Bahder, Brian W., 2023, A new species of planthopper from Costa Rica in the genus Herpis (Hemiptera: Derbidae) from palms in the cloud forest, pp. 357-369 in Zootaxa 5254 (3) on pages 359-360, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5254.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7727597
{"references":["Stal, C. (1862) Bidrag till Rio de Janeiro-tratkens Hemipterfauna. II. Handlingar. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademien, 3 (6), 1 - 75.","Muir F. A. G. (1924) Notes on some genera of Derbidae (Hemip.). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 26, 15 - 19.","McAtee, W. L. (1924) Notes on Cenchrea Westwood and Cedusa Fowler in America (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 17, 175 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 17.2.175","Fowler, W. W. (1905) Order Rhynchota. Suborder Hemiptera-Homoptera. (Continued). Biologia Centrali-Americana, 1, 125 - 139.","Caldwell, J. S. (1944) The tribe Cenchreini with special references to the Cenchrea complex (Homoptera: Derbidae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 39, 99 - 110.","O'Brien, L. B. (1987) Corrections and additions to Metcalf's \" The Fulgorina of Barro Colorado and other parts of Panama \" (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 80 (3), 379 - 390. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 80.3.379","Metcalf, Z. P. (1938) The Fulgorina of Barro Colorado and other parts of Panama. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 83 (5), 277 - 423.","Metcalf, Z. P. (1945 a) General Catalogue of the Hemiptera. Fascicle IV, Fulgoroidea. Part 4 Derbidae. Smith College, Northhampton, Massachusetts. pp. 1 - 212.","Metcalf, Z. P. (1945 b) Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) of Kartabo, Bartica District, British Guiana. Zoologica [Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society], 30 (3), 125 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 210851","Bahder, B. W., Zumbado Echavarria, M. A., Barrantes E. A. B., Helmick, E. E. & Bartlett, C. R. (2021 a) A new species of planthopper in genus Herpis (Hemiptera: Derbidae) from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica. Zootaxa, 5032 (1), 121 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4908.3.3"]}

faunistics, invasive species, new record, oak lace bug, OLB, pest of economic importance, true bugs

Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832) (Hemiptera, Heteroptera: Tingidae) in Poland. This note presents the first observation of an invasive true bug species, Corythucha arcuata, in Poland. This species is associated mainly with trees from the genus Quercus. Additional information about biology and distribution of this species in Europe are also provided.
{"references":["Baker G.T., Brown R.L. 1994. Chorionic fine structure of the egg of the oak tingid, Corythucha arcuata (Say) (Hemiptera: Tingidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 96: 70–73.","Bernardinelli I., Zandigiacomo P. 2000. Prima segnalazione di Corythucha arcuata (Say) (Heteroptera, Tingidae) in Europa. Informatore Fitopatologico 50: 47–49.","Bernardinelli I. 2001. GIS representation of Corythucha arcuata (Say) distribution in northern Italy. Journal of Forest Science 47: 54–55.","Bernardinelli I. 2006. Potential host plants of Corythucha arcuata (Het., Tingidae) in Europe: a laboratory study. Journal of Applied Entomology 130: 480–484. DOI: doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2006.01098.x","Burakowski B., Mroczkowski M., Stefańska J. 1973. Chrząszcze Coleoptera. Biegaczowate – Carabidae, część 1. Katalog fauny Polski 23(2): 1–232.","Bury J., Mazepa J., Obszarny M., Olbrycht T., Trzeciak A. 2021. Materiały do poznania rozmieszczenia lądowych pluskwiaków różnoskrzydłych (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) wybranych lokalizacji południowo-wschodniej i północno-wschodniej Polski. Heteroptera Poloniae – Acta Faunistica 15: 83–100. DOI: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784231.","Bury J., Mazepa J. 2022. Nowe dane o rozmieszczeniu lądowych pluskwiaków różnoskrzydłych (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) wybranych lokalizacji południowo-wschodniej i północno-wschodniej Polski – część 2. Heteroptera Poloniae – Acta Faunistica 16: 15–36. DOI: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459122.","Claerebout S., Haye T., Olafsson E., Pannier E., Bultot J. 2018. Premieres occurrences de Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) pour la Belgique et actualisation de sa répartition en Europe (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Bulletin van de Koninklijke Belgische Vereniging voor Entomologie 154: 205–227.","Csóka G., Hirka A., Somlyai M. 2013. A tölgy csipkéspoloska (Corythucha arcuata Say, 1832 – Hemiptera, Tingidae) első észlelése Magyarországon. Növényvédelem 49: 293–296.","Csóka G., Hirka A., Mutun S., Glavendekić M., Mikó Á., Szőcs L., Paulin M., Eötvös C.B., Gáspár C., Csepelényi M., Szénási Á., Franjević M., Gninenko Y., Dautb ašić M., Muzejinović O., Zúbrik M., Netoiu C., Buzatu A., Bălăcenoiu F., Jurc M., Jurc D., Bernardinelli I., Streito J.-C., Avtzis D., Hrašovec B. 2020. Spread and potential host range of the invasive oak lace bug [Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832) – Heteroptera: Tingidae] in Eurasia. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 22: 61–74. DOI:doi.org/10.1111/afe.12362.","Dobreva M., Simov N., Georgiev G., Mirchev P., Georgieva M. 2013. First Record of Corythucha arcuata (Say) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) on the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 65(3): 409–412.","Don I., Don C.D., Sasu L.R., Vidrean D., Brad M.L. 2016. Insect pests on the trees and shrubs from the Macea Botanical Garden. Studia Universitatis Vasile Goldis Arad 11: 23–28.","Drake C.J., Ruhoff F.A. 1965. 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Arquivos Entomolóxicos 24: 307–308.","Gierlasiński G. 2023. MapaUTM v.5.4. http://www.heteroptera.us.edu.pl; dostęp 5.01.2023.","Gierlasiński G., Taszakowski A. 2013–2023. Pluskwiaki różnoskrzydłe (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Polski. http://www.heteroptera.us.edu.pl; dostęp 5.01.2023.","Gierlasiński G., Rutkowski T., Orzechowski R., Taszakowski A., Woźniak A., Regner J., Kolago G., Stolarczyk T., Nowak J. 2019. Przyczynek do rozmieszczenia pluskwiaków różnoskrzydłych (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) w Polsce. Heteroptera Poloniae – Acta Faunistica 13: 19–48. DOI: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2597533.","Gierlasiński G., Sokołowski T. 2019. Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) w Polsce. Heteroptera Poloniae – Acta Faunistica 13: 9–11. DOI: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2559583.","Gierlasiński G., Kolago G., Pacuk B., Taszakowski A., Syratt M., Regner J., Itczak A., Żóralski R., Rutkowski T., Radzimkiewicz D., Kucza W., Ogłaza B. 2020. 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DOI: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7026491.","Mutun S. 2003. First report of the oak lace bug, Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) from Bolu, Turkey. Israel Journal of Zoology 49: 323–324.","Mutun S., Ceyhan Z., Sozen C. 2009. Invasion by the oak lace bug, Corythucha arcuata (Say) (Heteroptera: Tingidae), in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 33(3): 1–6. DOI: doi.org/10.3906/zoo-0806-13","Nagy A., Szanyi K., Tímea T., Szanyi S. 2021. First record, new cultivated host and host plant preference of the invasive oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata Say, 1832) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) in Transcarpathia (West Ukraine). Silva Balcanica 22(3): 41–48. DOI: 10.3897/silvabalcanica.22.e76231.","Orzechowski R. 2022a. iNaturalist observation: www.inaturalist.org/observations/144150545. Accessed on 16.12.2022.","Orzechowski R. 2022b. GBIF occurence: www.gbif.org/occurrence/3994225111. Accessed on 16.12.2022.","Poljaković-Pajnik L., Drekić M., Pilipović A., Nikolić N., Pap P., Vasić V., Marković M. 2015. Pojava velikih šteta od Corythucha arcuata (Say) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) u šumama hrasta u Vojvodini. XIII savetovanje o zaštiti bilja. Zbornik radova: 63.","Sallmannshofer M., Ette S., Hinterstoisser W., Cech T.L., Hoch G. 2019. Erstnachweis der Eichennetzwanze, Corythucha arcuata, in Österreich. Forstschutz Aktuell 66(online 1): 1–6.","Say T. 1832. Descriptions of new species of Heteropterous Hemiptera of North America. New Harmony, Indiana: 5–39.","Smolis A., Kadej M. 2022. Pierwsze stwierdzenia tarczówki marmurkowatej Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) w zachodniej Polsce. Wiadomości ekologiczne 41(3): online 17N: 13–14. DOI: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7063763.","Sotirovski K., Srebrova K., Nacheski S. 2019. First records of the oak lace bug Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) in North Macedonia. Acta Entomologica Slovenica 27(2): 91–98.","Stål C. 1855. Nya Hemiptera. Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 12: 181–192.","Streito J.C., Balmes V., Aversenq P., Weill P., Chapin E., Clément M., Piednoir F. 2018. Corythucha arcuata et Stephanitis lauri, deux especes invasives nouvelles pour la Faune de France (Hemiptera Tingidae). L'Entomologiste 74(3): 133–136. DOI: hal.inrae.fr/hal-02623455.","Šefrová H., Laštůvka Z. 2020. Invasive insect species after 2000: at least two more each year. Živa 4: 189–191.","Stål C. 1873. Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en förteckning öfver alla hittills kända Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 3. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar (N.F.) 11(2): 1–163.","Zielińska A., Lis B. 2020. Ocena możliwości potencjalnej ekspansji prześwietlika dębowego Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832), inwazyjnego gatunku z rodziny Tingidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), na tereny Polski. Heteroptera Poloniae – Acta Faunistica 14: 175–180. DOI: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4038900.","Zubrik M., Gubka A., Rell S., Kunca A., Vakula J., Galko J., Nikolov C., Leonotvyč R. 2019. First record of Corythucha arcuata in Slovakia – Short Communication. Plant Protection Science 55: 129–133. DOI: doi.org/10.17221/124/2018-PPS.","Żurawlew P., Gierlasiński G. 2020. Nowe dane o pluskwiakach różnoskrzydłych (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) powiatu pleszewskiego (Nizina Wielkopolsko-Kujawska, Polska). Heteroptera Poloniae – Acta Faunistica 14: 159–169. DOI: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3979779."]}

Hemiptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Animalia, Biodiversity, Chremistica flavialata, Taxonomy, Cicadidae, and Chremistica

7. Chremistica flavialata Lee and Marshall sp. nov. (Figures 7, 8) Type material Holotype. Male, specimen code 12.PH. MN. MUS.15, PHILIPPINES, Mindanao, Bukidnon, Maramag, Mt. Musuan, 7°52.62 ʹ N, 125°4.19 ʹ E, 5 May 2012, K.B. R. Hill, D.C. Marshall and A.B. Mohagan (NMPM). Paratypes. 1 male, PHILIPPINES, Mindanao, Bukidnon, Maramag, Bayabason, P 4B, 8 May 2012, R. Estorco and A.B. Mohagan (UCONN); 3 males, PHILIPPINES, Mindanao, Malaybalay City, San Martin, 24 August 2010, A.B. Mohagan (UCONN). Etymology The specific name is the Latin prefix flavi -, meaning ̍yellowish̾, plus the feminine form of the Latin adjective alata, meaning ̍winged̾, in reference to the wings of this species, which are deeply tinged with yellowish brown. Measurements of types (5 males) Length of body: 33.8 (31.9–37.1). Length of head and thorax together: 15.9 (15.0–16.9). Length of abdomen: 17.9 (16.4–20.2). Width of head including compound eyes: 12.8 (12.4–13.5). Width of pronotum: 13.3 (12.5–14.1). Width of mesonotum: 11.2 (10.7–11.7). Width of abdominal tergite 3: 13.2 (12.7–13.9). Length of fore wing: 42.0 (39.3–45.6). Width of fore wing: 13.7 (12.9–14.7). Wing span: 94.3 (88.2–102.3). Description of male Head. Eyes slightly narrower than pronotum (including pronotal collar).Vertex black with the following reddish-brown marks, sometimes interrupted or incomplete: a pair of T-shaped marks between ocelli and compound eyes; and a pair of inverted L-shaped marks between postclypeus and compound eyes. Distance between lateral ocelli and compound eyes distinctly longer than distance between lateral ocelli. Antenna black to fuscous. Postclypeus moderately swollen.Postclypeus black in about anterior one-fourth but reddish brown (or dull ochraceous in discoloured specimens) in remaining part with black transverse fasciae along transverse grooves. Anteclypeus reddish brown with a pair of large elliptical black marks occupying most of the anteclypeus except for median longitudinal part and anterior and posterior margins. Rostrum reddish brown to ochraceous but black apically and with longitudinal median fascia on labium; nearly reaching posterior margin of hind coxae. Lorum dull brown to ochraceous with a large black patch on inner corner. Gena reddish brown to ochraceous with broad black patch on anterior margin. Thorax. Inner area of pronotum black to fuscous with a pair of narrow transverse ochraceous fascia on anterior margin and median longitudinal thick ochraceous fascia, and irregularly spread dull purplish patches. Pronotal collar dull light green (or ochraceous in discoloured specimens) with dull ochraceous antero-lateral part and a pair of branch-like black marks derived from lateral corner of inner area. Anterolateral pronotal collar slightly developed and roundly angulated. Mesonotum black with the following dull greenish ochraceous (or reddish ochraceous in discoloured specimens) marks: median W-shaped mark along outside of submedian sigilla, extending to anterior arms of cruciform elevation; and a pair of longitudinal marks along lateral margin of mesonotum, connected to the median W-shaped mark posteriorly. Cruciform elevation reddish brown (dull brown in discoloured specimens) medially but dull light green (ochraceous in discoloured specimens) laterally with the following black marks: antero-median spot; narrow fascia along posterior margin; and a pair of spots on middle of anterior arms. Thoracic sternites dull brown to dull ochraceous with some black trivial marks. Legs reddish brown to ochraceous. Fore femur with a small subapical spine as well as primary and secondary spines; with black to fuscous fascia along midline of ventral side. Fore tibia black to fuscous. Fore- and mid tarsi mostly black to fuscous. Fore-, mid- and hind pretarsal claws fuscous apically. Wings hyaline, tinged slightly with greenish yellow, especially basally. Fore wing venation dull greenish ochraceous (ochraceous in discoloured specimens) basally and brownish to fuscous apically, without infuscation. Basal cell more tinged with green. Basal membrane grey (tinged with green in fresh specimens). Hind wing jugum grey. Operculum reddish brown with black antero-lateral margin; much longer than wide, with slightly oblique and convex lateral margin and rounded apical margin; nearly reaching or slightly passing beyond posterior margin of abdominal sternite II. Opercula meeting medially. Abdomen slightly longer than head and thorax together; black with a pair of narrow white pubescent fasciae along anterior margin of tergite 3. Abdominal tergite 3 wider than head including compound eyes. Timbal cover tinged with purple, wider than long. Abdominal sternites mostly reddish brown, but sternite II ochraceous to reddish ochraceous or greenish ochraceous with fuscous mark. Genitalia. Pygofer diamond-shaped in ventral view with angles rounded. Uncus shaped like flower shovel, with roundly pointed apex and without lateral protrusions. A pair of claspers originating from lateroventral uncus hidden behind uncus and lateral lobes. Aedeagus without subapical or ventral processes. Basal lobe of pygofer long, with roundish apex and with slender finger- or thumb-like protrusion branching out at subapical inner part of the basal lobe. Lateral lobe present, much longer than basal lobe and obliquely covering basal lobe. Dorsal beak narrowly triangular. Remarks This new species is similar to Chremistica tagalica (Stål, 1870) (TL: Philippine Islands) in marks and colours on the body but can be distinguished from C. tagalica mainly by the following characteristics: head comparatively narrow (vs wider than width of pronotal collar in C. tagalica); pronotal collar with short and wide triangular black mark on medioposterior margin (vs without such a mark in C. tagalica); male abdomen comparatively wide or thick, with tergite 3 wider than head including compound eyes (vs comparatively narrow or slender, with tergite 3 narrower than head including compound eyes in C. tagalica); transverse white marks on abdominal tergite 3 narrow (vs broader, covering whole tergite 3 laterally, in C. tagalica); uncus without bumps on underside (vs with bumps in C. tagalica); and, finally and most importantly, basal lobe of pygofer with slender finger- or thumb-like protrusion branching out at subapical inner part of the basal lobe (vs with very short protrusion at subapical inner part of the basal lobe in C. tagalica). Song (Figure 8) The holotype male was recorded for about 102 s at 2.58pm on 5 May 2012.A further recording of 103 s of anonymous males from the same location on 7 July 2010 was also examined. Song is produced in phrases of 9.5– 11.5 s duration, separated by slightly shorter gaps. A song phrase contains a complex range of 12–13 major frequency bands appearing at intervals of about 0.65 kHz from 1.8–8.9 kHz,with the middle frequencies being the loudest (much weaker bands extend beyond this range). The acoustic character of the song is dominated by a synchronised sharp frequency and amplitude modulation of about 8–9 cycles/s at the beginning of the phrase, accelerating to 12/s during the middle section, which is also louder, and then slowing again. The spectrum of frequencies also shifts slightly downward in concert by about 100–200 Hz during the central section of the phrase, and then rebounds. Sound pulses produced at about 588–606/s form the most basic structure of the song.
Published as part of Lee, Young June, Marshall, David C., Mohagan, Alma B., Hill, Kathy B. R. & Mohagan, Dave P., 2023, Revised checklist of Cicadidae (Insecta: Hemiptera) of Mindanao, Philippines, with descriptions of a new genus and nine new species, pp. 193-242 in Journal of Natural History 57 (1 - 4) on pages 206-209, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2171820, http://zenodo.org/record/7737268

Hemiptera, Insecta, Edessa, Arthropoda, Pentatomidae, Edessa cylindricornis, Animalia, Biodiversity, and Taxonomy

Edessa (E.) cylindricornis Stål, 1872 (Figs. 4, 25 A,B, 30 A) Edessa cylindricornis Stål, 1872: 51; Lethierry & Severin, 1893: 190; Kirkaldy, 1909: 156. Holotype female. Brasilia borealis (NHRM). Examined. Material examined. VENEZUELA, Aragua: 1♁, El Limón, 30-VI-1962, F. Fernandez col. (MIZA); 1♀, El Limón, 2-VI-1965, F. Fernandez col. (MIZA); 1♁, El Limón, 26-IV-1966, F. Fernandez col. (MIZA). SURINAME: 1♁, Sarakzeek, I-V-1939, Hermans (RMNH). FRENCH GUIANA: 1♁ 1♀, Ferme Vidal, XI-1982, G. Tavakilian col. (MNHN); 1♁, Roura on Kaw, XI-2004 – II-2005, F. Goubert (04º33’.570’ N 052º12.433’ W) (JEE); Cayenne: 1♁, Roura on Kaw, 10-I-1992, M. Hudson coll. (JEE). BRAZIL, Maranhão: 1♁, REBIO— Res. Biol. Gurupi, 02–11- IX-2010, F. L. Oliveira & J. C. Silva coll. (UEMA); Pará: 3♁ 2♀, Flona Caxiuanã, Melgaço, Base da Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, XI-2003, J. A. M. Fernandes (UFPA); 1♁, Flona Caxiuanã, Melgaço, Base da Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, 20-IX-2016, G. Ruiz (UFPA); 1♀, Barcarena, 3-VII-2009, Jarilson (UFPA); 1♀, Miritituba, Itaituba, 7–16-VII-2014, Jarilson & Edson (UFPA); 1♀, Ilha de Mosqueiro, Praia do Marahú, 8-XI-2017, E. N. P. Cunha (UFPA); 1♀, Serra dos Carajás, II-1989, O. Rappa & P. Magno (Comp. W. type — Fernandes, JAM 1999) (MNRJ); 1♁, Belém, Campus MPEG, 6-III-2010, F. Carvalho col. (UFPA); 1♀, Belém, Campus MPEG, IX-2011, F. Carvalho col. (UFPA); Amazonas: 1♁, Amazonas, 29-I-1979, N. D. Penny (INPA); Rondônia: 1♁, Fazenda Rancho Grande, 5–17-X-1993, J. E. Eger & L. B. coll (JEE); 1♀, Fazenda Rancho Grande, 3–15-X-1996, J. E. Eger (JEE); 1♀, Porto Velho, 28-II-1979, I. Compbell (INPA); Acre: 1♁, Triunfo, 9-X-1977, D. Dominick (INPA). PERU, Satipo: 1♁, Satipo, VIII-1944, P. Paprzyek (FIOCRUZ). Measurements (n= 28). Total length: 13.2–22.5; head length: 2.0–2.2; head width: 3.4–3.8; pronotum length: 3.6–4.3; pronotum width: 14.1–20.2; scutellum length: 7.3–10.3; scutellum width: 6.0–7.7; abdominal width: 9.0– 11.3; length antennomers: I: 1.0–1.0; II: 1.4–1.6; III: 2.5–3.4; IV: 4.3–5.0; V: 4.0–5.0. Diagnosis. Specimens large (13.2–22.5 mm). Dorsal surface green (Fig. 25 A). Ventral surface yellow to green with transversal brown lines on thorax and abdomen (Fig. 25 B). Antennae reddish brown (Fig. 25 A). Pronotum with punctures concolorous with surface to brown (Fig. 25 A); posterior margin of the pronotum with dentiform projection (Fig. 25 A). Humeral angles long (1,5 times longer than wide) (Fig. 25 A), apices dark brown and not recurved (Fig. 25 A); humeral angle dark spot restricted to the angle in dorsal and ventral views (Fig. 25 A,B). Scutellum with punctures concolorous with surface to brown (Fig. 25 A); apex not reach end of corium (Fig. 25 A). Corium with all veins yellow (Fig. 25 A). Posterolateral angles of connexivum with apices brown (Fig. 25 A); connexival segments without spot and with a pair of concavities (Fig. 25 A). Ventral surface. Thorax with brown stripes (Fig. 25 B); dark stripe of the propleuron covering 1/3 of the width of the sclerite (Fig. 25 B) Evaporatorium concolorous with thorax (Fig. 25 B). Metasternal process (Fig. 4 G) with anterior apex rounded and laterally well expanded, margin rounded; anterior face somewhat excavated; anterior bifurcation receiving fourth and a small part of the third rostral segment. Legs with tibiae and tarsi darker than the rest (Fig. 25 B). Abdomen with spine of third segment rounded (Fig. 4 G). Intersegmental areas brown, not reaching lateral margin (Fig. 25 B). Pseudosutures concolorous with surface (Fig. 25 B). Without median longitudinal brown band (Fig. 25 B). Trichobotria parallel to the spiracle. Posterolateral angles of segment VII not reaching the level of apices of laterotergites IX in females (Fig. 4 F). Male genitalia, pygophore more wider than long (Fig. 4 A,B,C). Posterolateral angle of pygophore slightly developed (Fig. 4 A). Superior process of genital cup laminar, subrectangular, thick; flattened, coarse and concave in posterior view, not continuing ventrally in a carina (Fig. 4 B,D,E). Proctiger with little dense band of short setae along the edge of the subtriangular posterior face (Fig. 4 D,E); diaphragma with contrastingly yellow spot (Fig. 4 B,D,E). Ventral rim without setose (Fig. 4 C). Female genitalia, valvifers VIII with a small dentiform projection that projects to the valvifers IX (Fig. 4 F); presence of a brown spot near inner margins (Fig. 4 F). Laterotergites VIII with dark band on outer lateral margins (Fig. 4 F). Male genitalia (Fig. 4 A–E): Parameres with black margin; anterior lobe rounded and subtriangular, with curved apex for the proctiger; dorsal lobe subtriangular and rounded; posterior lobe subrectangular and rounded (Fig. 4 B,D,E). Proctiger with subtriangular posterior face (Fig. 4 D,E). Ventral rim with expansions little developed, rounded, concolorous with surface, being a straight margin that joins the posterolateral angles with the ventral rim projection (Fig. 4 C). Female genitalia: Valvifers VIII with dark punctures and setulose; inner margins contiguous, with brown band and not divergent; distal margin with brown and arched. Laterotergites IX with apices acuminate passing the sclerite uniting laterotergites VIII (Fig. 4 F). Comments. The male of Edessa (E.) cylindricornis is described here for the first time. This species is unique in E. sexdens group, no other species has humeral angles straight and directed lateroanteriorly (Fig. 25 A,B), corial veins yellow (Fig. 25 A), and connexival segments spotless (Fig. 25 A). Distribution (Fig. 30 A): VENEZUELA: Aragua; SURINAME; FRENCH GUIANA: Cayenne; BRAZIL: Pará, Amazonas, Maranh„o, Acre, Rondônia; PERU: Satipo; BOLIVIA: Cochabamba.
Published as part of Mendonça, Maria Thayane Da Silva, Silva, Valéria Juliete Da & Fernandes, José Antônio Marin, 2023, Diagnose of the nominal subgenus of Edessa and description of the E. sexdens group (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae), pp. 1-63 in Zootaxa 5240 (1) on pages 16-18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5240.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7639547
{"references":["Stal, C. (1872) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bildrag till em f ˆ rteckning ˆ fver alla hittilis kanda Hemiptera, Jemte systematiska meddelanden. 2. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps - Akademiens Handlingar, Neue Folge, 10 (4), 1 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12549","Lethierry, L. & Severin, G. (1893) Catalogue general des Hemipteres. Tome I: Heteropteres: Pentatomidae. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belgique, Bruxelles, x + 286 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15830","Kirkaldy, G. W. (1909) Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) Vol. I: Cimicidae. Felix L. Dames, Berlin, xl + 392 pp."]}

Hemiptera, Insecta, Edessa, Arthropoda, Pentatomidae, Animalia, Edessa urus, Biodiversity, and Taxonomy

Edessa (E.) urus Erichson, 1848 (Figs. 23, 29 E,F, 32 A) Stoll Pun. f. 209. Edessa urus Erichson, 1848: 610; Doesburg, 1991: 313; Silva et al., 2018: 425. Edessa dentata Dallas, 1851: 328; Stål, 1868: 36; Lethierry & Severin, 1893: 194; Kirkaldy, 1909: 165; Doesburg, 1991: 313. syn. nov. Edessa excellens Walker, 1868: 446; Lethierry & Severin, 1893: 190; Kirkaldy, 1909: 157 syn. nov. Edessa urus. Lectotype male. N. Stoll fig. 209, Pará, Sieber/ E. urus Hoffgg. [von Hoffmannsegg] (Stoll. fig. 209 Urus) (MNKB). Designated by Doesburg (1991:313). Edessa urus. Paralectotypes female. Same data, except von Hoffmannsegg’s label (MNKB). Edessa dentata. Holotype male. Pará /50-2 (BMNH). Examined. Edessa excellens. Lectotype female. Villa Nova / 53 37 [Amazonas] (BMNH). Examined. Material examined. BRAZIL, Amazonas: 1♁, Res. Adolpho Ducke, 1-V-2006, A. L. Nunes (UFPA); 1♀, Res. Adolpho Ducke, 8–10-VI-1989, M. S. Hoogmoed leg. (RMNH); 1♀, Reserva Ducke, 4-06-76, Eduardo col. (INPA); 1♁, Manacapuru, Manaus, III-1928, S. M. Klages (Edessa lavata Breddin, 1903, Comp. W. type Fernandes JAM 1999; Edessa dentata, Dallas 1851, Comp. W. type Fernandes JAM 1999; Edessa urus Erichson 1848, Comp. W. type Fernandes JAM 1999) (CMNH); 1♀, Manaus, T. Federal-Rondônia, 6-IX-1966, Eduardo (INPA); 1♁, Ceplac, Manaus, 28-VII-1977, I. S. Gorayeb col. (MPEG); 1♁, E. Lo. Moult, Maneoro, Rio Madeira, Z. Amerika (RMNH); Pará: 1♀, Altamira, Castelo dos Sonhos, área 28, 13-XI-2005, A. A. Pinheiro col. (UFPA); Rondônia: 1♀, Porto Velho, 5-X-1978, J. Becker leg. (Edessa urus Erichson 1848, Comp. W. type Fernandes JAM 1999; Edessa excellens Walker, 1868, Comp. W. type Fernandes JAM 1999 (MNRJ). Measurements (n= 9). Total length: 20.4–23.6; head length: 1.8–2.3; head width: 3.6–3.7; pronotum length: 3.7–4.1; pronotum width: 12.5–14.1; scutellum length: 9.5–10.9; scutellum width: 7.0–8.0; abdominal width: 12.0– 13.5; length antennomers: I: 1.0–1.0; II: 2.0–2.5; III: 1.5–2.0; IV: 4.5–5.0; V: 5.0. Diagnosis. Specimens large (20.4–23.6 mm). Dorsal surface green (Fig. 29 E). Ventral surface dark yellow to brown with transversal black lines on thorax and abdomen (Fig. 29 F). Antennae reddish brown (Fig. 29 E). Pronotum with punctures black to brown (Fig. 29 E); anterolateral margin and cicatrices with black punctures (Fig. 29 E). Humeral angles short (2,0 times wider than long) (Fig. 29 E), apices concolorous with surface (Fig. 29 E). Scutellum with brown punctures (Fig. 29 E); apex not reach end of corium (Fig. 29 E). Corium with all veins concolorous with surface (Fig. 29 E). Posterolateral angles of connexivum with apices black (Fig. 29 E); connexival segments with concavities entirely covered by rectangular black spots and separated by a large yellow median spot (Fig. 29 E); spots extending ventrally, triangular (Fig. 29 F). Ventral surface. Thorax with black stripes (Fig. 29 F); dark stripe of the propleuron almost reaching the dark spot of the humeral angle (Fig. 29 F). Evaporatorium concolorous with thorax (Fig. 29 F). Metasternal process (Fig. 23 G) with anterior apex rounded and laterally little expanded, margin rounded; anterior face broadly excavated; anterior bifurcation receiving fourth rostral segment. Legs brown (Fig. 29 F). Abdomen with spine of third segment acuminated (Fig. 23 G). Intersegmental areas brown reaching ventral spots of connexivum (Fig. 29 F). Pseudosutures concolorous with surface (Fig. 29 F). Median longitudinal brown band restricted to last segment (Fig. 29 F). Trichobotria one in line with spiracle and the other laterad. Posterolateral angles of segment VII on the same level the level of apices of laterotergites IX in females (Fig. 23 F). Male genitalia, dorsal side of the pygophore with a suffused brown area occupying 1/3 of the surface (Fig. 23 A,B,D,E). Posterolateral angle of the pygophore developed (Fig. 23 A). Superior process of genital cup laminar, rectangular, thick; flattened, coarse and concave in posterior view; continuing ventrally in a crenulated high carina, ending in a small dentiform projection (Fig. 23 B,E). Anterior half of proctiger brown (Fig. 23 A,B,D,E). Ventral rim with long setae, but without lateral tufts (Fig. 23 C). Female genitalia, valvifers VIII wrinkled (Fig. 23 F). Laterotergites VIII with one dark spots on outer lateral margins (Fig. 23 F). Male genitalia (Fig. 23 A–E): Parameres with brown margin, anterior lobe rounded; dorsal lobe rounded and subrectangular, little curved at the apex; posterior lobe rounded and subrectangular (Fig. 23 B,D,E). Proctiger with subelliptical posterior face (Fig. 23 D,E). Ventral rim with expansions little developed, rounded, concolorous with surface, the expansions not reaching beyond apices of posterolateral angles (Fig. 23 C). [...... Continues on page 60] Female genitalia: Valvifers VIII with dark punctures; inner margins contiguous, with brown band and not divergent; distal margin forming distal U-shaped excavation, with brown band and arched. Laterotergites IX with apices acuminate passing the sclerite uniting laterotergites VIII (Fig. 23 F). Comments. The Edessa (E.) urus looks like E. (E.) alces, E. (E.) congrua, and E. (E.) sexdens. See comments of E. (E.) alces. Distribution (Fig. 32 A): BRAZIL: Pará, Amazonas, Rondônia.
Published as part of Mendonça, Maria Thayane Da Silva, Silva, Valéria Juliete Da & Fernandes, José Antônio Marin, 2023, Diagnose of the nominal subgenus of Edessa and description of the E. sexdens group (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae), pp. 1-63 in Zootaxa 5240 (1) on pages 51-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5240.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7639547
{"references":["Erichson, W. F. (1848) Insecten. In: von Schomburgk, R. (Ed.), Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840 - 1844. J. J. Weber, Leipzig, pp. 533 - 617.","Doesburg, P. H. van. (1991) The type specimens of Edessa urus Erichson, 1848 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 65 (23), 313 - 316.","Silva, V. J., Santos, C. R. M. & Fernandes, J. A. M. (2018) Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) from Brazilian Amazon: checklist and new records. Zootaxa, 4425 (3), 401 - 455. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4425.3.1","Dallas, W. S. (1851) List of the specimens of hemipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London, 390 pp., 15 pls.","Stal, C. (1868) Hemiptera Fabriciana. Efter De I Kopenhamn Och Kiel Forvarade Typexemplaren Granskade Och Beskrifne, No. 11, 3 - 180.","Lethierry, L. & Severin, G. (1893) Catalogue general des Hemipteres. Tome I: Heteropteres: Pentatomidae. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belgique, Bruxelles, x + 286 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15830","Kirkaldy, G. W. (1909) Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) Vol. I: Cimicidae. Felix L. Dames, Berlin, xl + 392 pp.","Walker, F. (1868) Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part III. British Museum, London, 599 pp.","Breddin, G. (1903) Neue Arten der Gattung Edessa Fab. Societas Entomologica, 18 (17), 131 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29867","Fernandes, J. A. M., Silva, V. J., Correia, A. O. & Nunes, B. M. (2015) New species of Edessa Fabricius, 1803 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) from Costa Rica. Zootaxa, 3999 (4), 511 - 536. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3999.4.3","Stal, C. (1872) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bildrag till em f ˆ rteckning ˆ fver alla hittilis kanda Hemiptera, Jemte systematiska meddelanden. 2. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps - Akademiens Handlingar, Neue Folge, 10 (4), 1 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12549","Breddin, G. (1905) Neue Rhynchoten (Vorlaufige Diagnosen). Societas entomologica, 20 (4), 26 - 27.","Westwood, J. O. (1837) A Catalogue of Hemiptera in the collection of the Rev. F, W. Hope, M. A. with short Latin descriptions of the new species. J. C. Bridgewater, London, 46 pp.","Stal, C. (1862) Hempitera Mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 23, 109 - 118.","Fabricius, J. C. (1803) Systema rhyngotorum secundum ordines, genera, species, adjectis, synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. C. Reichard, Brunsvigae, x + 314 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11644"]}

Hemiptera, Insecta, Edessa, Arthropoda, Pentatomidae, Animalia, Biodiversity, and Taxonomy

Subgenus Edessa Fabricius, 1803 Edessa (part.); Amyot & Serville, 1843: 158; Stål, 1872: 49. Edessa (Edessa); Kirkaldy, 1909: 154; Almeida et al., 2018: 256; Fernandes et al., 2018: 204; Nunes et al., 2020: 402; Fernandes & Silva, 2021: 630. Type species: Edessa antilope (Fabricius, 1798) (see Silva et al. 2017 for historic notes). Diagnose. Dorsal surface usually green to brown (Figs. 24 A,E). Ventral surface yellow to reddish-brown (Figs. 24 B,F), but always lighter than dorsal surface. Pronotum with anterolateral margin concave (Figs. 24 C, 25 C). Humeral angles conical (Figs. 24 A, 26 C, 27 C); somewhat developed and projected, with different sizes (Figs. 24 A,B,C, 26 A,C); apex rounded or slightly acuminated (never acute), shiny, smooth or shagreen and with few punctures; concolorous with pronotum (Fig. 24 E), yellow (Figs. 27 A,C), reddish-brown (Fig. 29 A) or black (Figs. 24 A,C, 26 A,C) color extended ventrally (Figs. 24 D,F, 25 B, 26 B,D, 27 D, 28 F). Description. Head: Triangular, wider than long (Fig. 24 A,C,E). Mandibular plates sulcate, contiguous ahead of tylus and ventrally curved. Bucculae high, slightly setulose. Rostrum setulose, yellow, segment IV distally black (Figs. 24 D, 25 B, 29 F); segments IIIIThorax: Pronotum trapezoidal, wider than long, densely punctured (Figs. 24 A, 26 A, 27 C, 28 C). Scutellum triangular, densely punctured (Figs. 24 A, 25 A, 26 A, 27 C, 28 C, 29 C). Corium densely punctured, normally with at least one vein contrasting with corium color (Figs. 25 A, 26 A, 27 C, 28 C, 29 A). Membrane of the hemelytron brown with metallic shine (Fig. 24 C). Evaporatorium dull, rugose; peritrema ruga-like (Figs. 25 F, 26 A, 27 D, 28 D, 29 B). Metasternal process longer than wide, bifurcated anteriorly; apex of each arm enlarged (Figs. 24 F, 25 B, 26 D, 27 D, 28 F, 29 B). Legs setulose (Fig. 24 B). Abdomen: Dorsal surface densely and uniformly punctured, small, deep, with concolorous punctures with its surface. Connexivum exposed, punctured, posterolateral angle slightly projected and dark; with (Figs. 24 A,C,E, 27 C, 28 E) or without contrasting spots (Figs. 26 A,C, 29 A). Segment VII posteriorly projected and acute (Figs. 24 A, 25 A, 26 C, 29 C). Male genitalia: Pygophore trapezoidal and dorsoposteriorly open (Figs. 1 A, 2 A, 5 A, 20 A). Superior process of the genital cup dark, texture different from genital cup (Figs. 1 D,E, 4 D, 12 D). Parameres yellow usually with dark margins (Figs. 1 D,E, 3 D,E, 4 D,E, 12 D,E, 17 D,E); narrow twisted and sulcate at base; apex expanded in different shapes. Proctiger subcylindrical; dorsal surface sulcate posteriorly; lateral face excavated and setose (Figs. 1 D,C, 3 D,E, 5 D,E, 7 D,E, 15 D,E). Ventral rim excavated medially; expansions delimiting excavation somewhat swollen, slightly developed not reaching level of posterolateral angle (Figs. 1 C, 2 C, 3 C, 20 C, 23 C). Posterolateral angles developed, narrow with apex rounded (Figs. 1 C,E, 2 C,E, 3 C,E, 11 C,E, 17 C,E). Ventral surface punctured (Figs. 1 C, 4 C, 8 C, 18 C, 20 C, 23 C). Female genitalia: Valvifer VIII convex, setulose, punctured, subrectangular. Valvifers IX trapezoidal; presence of a lateral constriction that results in a median keel. Laterotergite VIII distally spiniform. Laterotergite IX triangular; excavated at base. Segment X rectangular and sulcated (Figs. 1 F, 2 F, 7 F, 12 F, 18 F). Comments: The nominal subgenus is the largest of Edessa with 79 species (Table 1) that can be separated in several groups of species. Among the species mentioned by Stål (1872) as part of the species group Edessa, only Edessa cervus (Fabricius, 1787), E. antilope (Fabricius, 1798), E. taurina Stål, 1872, E. arabs (Linnaeus, 1758) and E. cylindricornis Stål, 1872 were considered here as part of the subgenus Edessa. Three species groups described to Edessa belong to the nominal subgenus: cervus (Fernandes & van Doesburg 2000b), metallica (Fernandes & Campos 2011) and ovina (Fernandes & Silva 2021). The nominal subgenus can be separated from most genera of Edessinae and subgenera of Edessa by the shape and color of the humeral angle. A comprehensive diagnose separating them can be found in Almeida et al. (2018) and Nunes et al. (2020). Four genera— Anisoedessa Nunes & Fernandes, 2019, Calcatedessa Silva & Fernandes, 2021, Graziaedessa Eger, 2021, and Mediocampus Thomas, 1994 —were never included in any diagnostic discussion between the genera of Edessinae. The subgenus Edessa can be separated from these four genera by the shape of the humeral angle described above. In all these four genera the humeral angles are dentiform or rounded, slightly developed and flat. E. sexdens group (Figs. 1–32) Diagnosis. Specimens large (13.2–25.2 mm). Dorsal surface green to orange (Figs. 24 C, 27 E). Underside of body dark yellow to orange with transversal brown, green or black lines on thorax and abdomen (Figs. 9 B, 24 B,D, 26 D). Humeral angles as long as wide, with apices black (Fig. 26 E), brown (Fig. 24 A) or concolorous with surface (Fig. 29 E) and slightly curved backwards (Fig. 24 A) or, more rarely, straight (Fig. 24 E). Corium with all veins concolorous (Fig. 24 C) or yellow (Fig. 25 A). Connexival segments with (Fig. 24 C) or without (Fig. 26 A) spots, these spots may (Fig. 24 D) or not (Fig. 26 B) extend to ventral side; with or without small concavities. Legs reddish brown to brown (Fig. 24 B,D). Posterolateral angles of pygophore projected, tumid, medially slightly excavated (Figs. 2 A,B, 11 A,B). Superior process of the genital cup laminar, rectangular, usually continuing ventrally in a carina (Figs. 1 B,E, 6 B); oblique to paramere (Figs. 1 B,D,E, 3 E, 5 E, 20 D). Parameres club-like with three lobes (Figs. 1 D,E, 2 D,E, 4 D,E, 6 D,E, 11 D, E, 13 D, E). Description. Head: Punctured, punctures small, deep, sparsely distributed and concolorous with surface, brown or black. Mandibular plates deeply sulcate medially (Figs. 24 A,C, 25 A,C, 26 C,E). Bucculae tall, receiving nearly all first rostral segment (Figs. 24 B, 25 D, 26 F, 27 F, 29 F); margin rounded (Figs. 24 B, 25 B, 26 D). Rostrum brown (Fig. 24 B). Antennomers, II+III shorter than IV; IV subequal in length to V (Fig. 24 D). Thorax: Pronotum densely and uniformly punctured (Figs. 24 A, 25 C, 26 A, 27 C, 28 C, 29 A, 30 A); punctures small, deep, and brown, black or concolorous with surface; cicatrices and apices of humeral angles not punctured. Anterolateral angle of pronotum with a small tooth concolorous with surface (Figs. 24 A,B, 26 A,B, 28 E,F, 29 C). Anterolateral margin grooved, sulci extending ventrally (Figs. 24 F, 25 E,F, 26 A,B, 29 E,F). Scutellum with punctures deep, brown, black or concolorous with surface and evenly distributed; apex acute (Figs. 24 C, 25 C, 26 C, 27 A, 29 A, 30 E). Corium with punctures deep, brown or concolorous with surface and uniformly distributed (Figs. 24 A, 25 A, 27 E, 28 C). Membrane brown (Fig. 24 E). Ventral surface of thorax with brown or black stripes (Figs. 24 B, 25 B); propleuron, mesopleuron and metapleuron with brown, green, black or concolorous punctures. Evaporatorium rugulose, concolorous or with contrasting stripes with pleura, opaque (Figs. 24 D, 25 B). Peritreme reaching 3/4 of the distance from ostiole of scent gland to lateral margin of metapleuron (Fig. 25 B). Metasternal process as long as wide, raised anteriorly; anterior apex of each arm truncated and laterally expanded (Figs. 1 G, 24 B,F, 25 F, 26 B,F, 27 D, 28 F); anterior face of each arm rounded, flat or excavated. Abdomen: Dorsally brown with punctures small, deep and evenly distributed. Connexivum (Figs. 25 C,E) densely and uniformly punctured only on concavities; or densely and uniformly punctured except the outer margin; punctuation black or concolorous with connexivum. Abdominal segment VII with posterolateral angles developed, with apices acute and black (Fig. 24 A), brown (Fig. 25 A), green (Fig. 9 A) or concolorous with surface (Fig. 26 A). Ventrally, abdomen medially raised sometimes with brown to black spots forming or not a complete band (Fig. 26 B,D,F). Intersegmental areas of abdomen black (Fig. 24 D) or brown (Fig. 25 D). Pseudosutures black (Fig. 24 B), brown (Fig. 26 B) or concolorous with surface (Fig. 24 C). Rounded shallow excavation near each spiracle. Spiracles elliptical (Fig. 24 B). Male genitalia: Pygophore trapezoidal (Figs. 1 A, 2 A, 3 A). Dorsal rim sinuous, wrinkled, ending on each side near posterolateral angles (Figs. 1 A,B, 14 A,E, 15 A,E). Posterolateral angles developed, inner part brown, strongly punctured (Figs. 1 A,B, 2 D,E, 6 D,E); apices rounded (Figs. 1 A,B, 7 D, 12 D). Proctiger laterally constricted with dense band of short setae along the edge (Figs. 1 D,E, 12 D,E, 15 D,E, 20 D,E) of the subtriangular (Figs. 1 D,E) or subelliptical (Figs. 2 D,E) posterior face. Ventral rim setulose (except Edessa (E.) bella) with median excavation U- or V-shaped (Figs. 1 C, 7 C, 11 C, 12 C). Ventral surface (Fig. 1 C) punctured; punctures large, shallow, sparse, dark (Fig. 1 C) or concolorous with surface (Fig. 2 C). Female genitalia: Valvifers VIII setulose and punctured (Fig. 1 F); punctures dark (Fig. 1 F) or concolorous with surface (Fig. 7 F); convex, medial part with a conspicuous protuberance (Fig. 1 F); distal margin straight (Fig. 1 F). Valvifers IX (Fig. 1 F) trapezoidal, large, carinated (except Edessa (E.) miniata; Edessa (E.) electa (Fig. 5 F); Edessa (E.) nigricornis; Edessa (E.) nigroangulata, Edessa (E.) schirmeri). Laterotergites VIII uniformly punctured; punctures small, shallow, concolorous with surface; distal margin acutely projected posteriorly, apices black (Figs. 1 F, 6 F, 8 F). Laterotergites IX excavated at the base; apices black surpassing sclerite uniting laterotergites VIII, in ventral view (Figs. 1 F, 5 F). Comments: The species belonging to the E. sexdens group have a large morphological variety, but also groups of very similar species. Despite this, the group has a set of characteristics that are not found in other species of the subgenus Edessa: connexival segments with a pair of dark spots (Fig. 24 A); superior process of the genital cup laminar dorsally and continued ventrally by a carina (Fig. 1 B,E); and oblique to the parameres (Fig. 1 B,D,E); parameres with three lobes (Fig. 1 D,E) (Silva 2017). Other characteristics are also related to the group, such as: anterior arms of the metasternal process with excavated apex (Fig. 1 G); ventral side of the abdomen raised medially (Fig. 24 B); rounded shallow excavation near each spiracle (Fig. 24 B); union of dorsal rim with posterolateral angles grooved (Fig. 2 A,B). However, within the E. sexdens group there are species that do not have the entire set of characteristics mentioned above. A few species do not have the spots on connexival segments (Fig. 26 A); and others do not have the ventral carina of the superior process of the genital cup (Figs. 4 B,E, 7 B, 8 B). Distribution (Figs. 30, 31, 32): MEXICO: Chihuahua, Jalisco, Veracruz, Morelos, Guerrero, Quintana Roo, Chiapas, Mexico City; JAMAICA; GUATEMALA: El Petén, Izabal; HONDURAS; NICARAGUA: Léon; COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, Alajuela, Heredia, Limón Puntarenas, San Jose; PANAMA: Bocas Del Toro, Colón, Panama, West Panama; COLOMBIA: Bogotá, Cauca; VENEZUELA: Zulia, Carabobo, Aragua, Caracas, Monagas, Bolívar, Amazonas; TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO; GUYANA; SURINAME: Marowijne, Paramaribo; FRENCH GUYANA: Cayenne; BRAZIL: Pará, Amazonas, Maranh„o, Mato Grosso, Acre, Rondônia, Góias; ECUADOR: Napo; PERU: Satipo; BOLIVIA: La Paz, Santa Cruz, Cochabamba, ARGENTINA: Formosa. Identification key to the species of the E. sexdens group 1- Body predominantly orange to red with large black areas on pronotum, corium and ventral surface of abdomen (Fig. 27 E,F)...................................................................... Edessa (E.) miniata Westwood, 1837 - Body predominantly green to brown with dark marks usually present only on humeral angles, connexivum, and stripes on ventral surface of abdomen (Figs. 24 C,D; 9 A,B; 29 E,F)........................................................ 2 2- Ventral surface of the body with alternated yellow and green stripes; humeral angles narrow and laterally directed (Fig. 9 A,B)................................................................... Edessa (E.) imbecilla Breddin, 1903 - Ventral surface of the body yellow to orange usually with brown lines, sometimes without lines; humeral angles different from above (Figs. 25 C,D; 29 A,B)........................................................................... 3 3- Humeral angles long and sloping forward (Figs. 25 A; 26 C,E)................................................. 4 - Humeral angles usually short and slightly sloping backward or directed sideward (Figs. 26 A; 28 E)................... 8 4- Humeral angles straight, posterior margin slightly crenulated (Fig. 25 A,B).......... Edessa (E.) cylindricornis Stål, 1872 - Humeral angles distally curved backward, posterior margin smooth (Fig. 26 C,E).................................. 5 5- Humeral angles narrow, about 4 x longer than wide (Fig. 26 C,D); ventral surface with contrastingly black wide stripes (Fig. 26 D)................................................................... Edessa (E.) helicoceras Breddin, 1905 - Humeral angles wide, about twice longer than wide; ventral surface usually with narrow brown to black stripes, if broad, stripes are brown (Figs. 24 C,D; 26 E,F; 27 C,D)................................................................. 6 6- Humeral angles dorsally mostly green to olive green with more than distal third black (Fig. 26 E,F)............................................................................................. Edessa (E.) helix Erichson, 1848 - Humeral angles dorsally mostly yellow or with apices black (Figs. 24 C,D; 27 C,D)................................ 7 7- Humeral angles yellow without black apices (Fig. 27 C,D); connexival segments without black marks (Fig. 27 C); ventral stripes on abdomen broad (Fig. 27 D)................................... Edessa (E.) lewisi Fernandes & Silva, 2015 - Humeral angles with apices black (Fig. 24 C,D); connexival segments with black spots (Fig. 24 C); ventral stripes on abdomen narrow (Fig. 24 D)................................................... Edessa (E.) bella Fernandes & Silva, 2015 8- Connexival segments without dark spots (Figs. 26 A; 28 A)................................................... 9 - Connexival segments with dark spots (Figs. 24 A,E; 29 C,E)................................................. 13 9- Humeral angle with black apices (Figs. 26 A; 28 A)......................................................... 10 - Humeral angles with yellow to light brown apices (Figs. 25 E; 29 A)........................................... 11 10- Humeral angles barely developed, black part longer than wide (Fig. 26 A,B); evaporatorium darker than thorax (Fig. 26 B)......................................................................... Edessa (E.) gentilitia Distant, 1890 - Humeral angles little developed, black part as long as wide in dorsal view (Fig. 28 A,B); evaporatorium concolorous with thorax (Fig. 28 B)........................................................... Edessa (E.) nigriclava Walker, 1868 11- Evaporatorium dark brown (Fig. 29 B); ventral surface of abdomen with wide transversal and longitudinal dark brown to black stripes (Fig. 29 B)...................................................... Edessa (E.) phoenicopus Dallas, 1851 - Evaporatorium concolorous with thorax (Figs. 25 F; 27 B); ventral surface of abdomen with narrow transversal black stripes (Figs. 25 F; 27 B).................................................................................... 12 12- Paramere anterior process truncated (Fig. 6 D,E); superior process of genital cup narrow, short and continuing ventrally in high crenulate carina (Fig. 6 B)....................................................... Edessa (E.) fallenii Stål, 1872 - Paramere anterior process developed and triangular (Fig. 12 D,E); superior process of genital cup large, continuing ventrally in a short carina crenulate (Fig. 12 B)........................................... Edessa (E.) leucocera Dallas, 1851 13- Apices of humeral angles concolorous with dorsal surface, yellow or light brown (Figs. 24 A,E; 29 C,E)............... 14 - Apices of humeral angles black or blackish (Figs. 25 C; 28 C,E)............................................... 17 14- Humeral angles directed sideward (Fig. 24 E,F); spots on connexivum small, rounded and not reaching any of the margins separating segment (Fig. 24 E)............................................... Edessa (E.) congrua Walker, 1868 - Humeral angles directed backwards (Figs. 24 A; 29 C,E); spots on connexivum large, subrectangular and usually reaching at least one of the margins separating segments (Figs. 24 A; 29 C,E)............................................. 15 15- Apices of humeral angles not clearly globose, acuminated and short (Fig. 29 C,E)................................. 16 - Apices of humeral angles clearly globose (Fig. 24 A,B)............................. Edessa (E.) alces Erichson, 1848 16- Specimens large (about 20 mm) (Fig. 29 E,F); venter uniformly dark yellow or orange (Fig. 29 F); apices of anterior bifurcation of metasternal process rounded (Fig. 23 G)....................................... Edessa (E.) urus Erichson, 1848 - Specimens small (around 15 mm) (Fig. 29 C,D); venter uniformly greenish yellow or ochraceous (Fig. 29 D); apices of anterior bifurcation of metasternal process laterally expanded (Fig. 20 G)................... Edessa (E.) sexdens Fabricius, 1803 17- Body olive brown (Figs. 28 C,D); humeral angles robust, globose, almost as long as wide at base (Fig. 28 C,D); venter reddish brown (Fig. 28 C)......................................................... Edessa (E.) nigricornis Stål, 1862 - Body green to olive green (Figs. 25 C; 28 E); humeral angles not as robust or globose as above, wider at base than long (Figs. 25 C; 28 E); venter greenish yellow or orange (Figs. 25 D; 28 F; 10 F,G)........................................ 18 18- Black spots on connexival segments large (Fig. 28 E); stripes on intersegmental areas solid black (Fig. 28 F)........... 19 - Black spots on connexival segments smaller than above (Fig. 25 C); stripes on intersegmental areas faded brown (Fig. 25 D).................................................................................................. 21 19- Intersegmental stripes of abdomen complete (Fig. 22 B)......................... Edessa (
Published as part of Mendonça, Maria Thayane Da Silva, Silva, Valéria Juliete Da & Fernandes, José Antônio Marin, 2023, Diagnose of the nominal subgenus of Edessa and description of the E. sexdens group (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae), pp. 1-63 in Zootaxa 5240 (1) on pages 6-10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5240.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7639547
{"references":["Fabricius, J. C. (1803) Systema rhyngotorum secundum ordines, genera, species, adjectis, synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. C. Reichard, Brunsvigae, x + 314 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11644","Amyot, C. J. B. & Serville, A. (1843) Historie naturelle des insects. Hemipteres. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret ed., Paris, 675 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8471","Stal, C. (1872) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bildrag till em f ˆ rteckning ˆ fver alla hittilis kanda Hemiptera, Jemte systematiska meddelanden. 2. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps - Akademiens Handlingar, Neue Folge, 10 (4), 1 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12549","Kirkaldy, G. W. (1909) Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) Vol. I: Cimicidae. Felix L. Dames, Berlin, xl + 392 pp.","Almeida, F. R. A., Nunes, B. M. & Fernandes, J. A. M. (2018) A new genus and new species of Edessinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Zootaxa, 4377 (2), 254 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4377.2.6","Fernandes, J. A. M., Nascimento, A. T. S. & Nunes, B. M. (2018) Revision of Pygoda Amyot & Serville, 1843 stat. rest. (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Edessinae) with description of four new species. Zootaxa, 4466 (2), 205 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4461.2.3","Nunes, B. M., Campos, L. D., Mendonca, M. T. S., Cunha, E. V. P. & Fernandes, J. A. M. (2020) Revision of Hypoxys Amyot and Serville, 1843 stat. rest. (Heteroptera Pentatomidae). Zootaxa, 4742 (3), 401 - 441. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4742.3.1","Fernandes, J. A. M. & Silva, V. J. (2021) A new species group to Edessa, the E. ovina group, with description of a new species (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Edessinae) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 4958 (1), 628 642. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4958.1.37","Silva, V. J., Rider, D. & Fernandes, J. A. M. (2017) Reevaluation of the type species and redescription of five species of Edessa (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Edessinae). Zootaxa, 4347 (2), 255 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4347.2.3","Fernandes, J. A. M. & van Doesburg, P. H. (2000 b) The E. cervus - group of Edessa Fabricius, 1803 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae). Zoologische Mededeelingen Leiden, 74 (8), 151 - 165.","Fernandes, J. A. M. & Campos, L. D. (2011) A new group of species of Edessa Fabricius, 1803 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Zootaxa, 3019 (1), 63 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3019.1.4","Nunes, B. M., Wallner, A. M. & Fernandes, J. A. M. (2019) Anisoedessa, a new genus of Edessinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and considerations on Edessinae relationships based on cladistic analysis. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny, 77 (2), 215 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.26049 / ASP 77 - 2 - 2019 - 02","Breddin, G. (1903) Neue Arten der Gattung Edessa Fab. Societas Entomologica, 18 (17), 131 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29867","Dallas, W. S. (1851) List of the specimens of hemipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London, 390 pp., 15 pls.","Erichson, W. F. (1848) Insecten. In: von Schomburgk, R. (Ed.), Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840 - 1844. J. J. Weber, Leipzig, pp. 533 - 617.","Fernandes, J. A. M., Silva, V. J., Correia, A. O. & Nunes, B. M. (2015) New species of Edessa Fabricius, 1803 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) from Costa Rica. Zootaxa, 3999 (4), 511 - 536. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3999.4.3","Walker, F. (1868) Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part III. British Museum, London, 599 pp.","Westwood, J. O. (1837) A Catalogue of Hemiptera in the collection of the Rev. F, W. Hope, M. A. with short Latin descriptions of the new species. J. C. Bridgewater, London, 46 pp.","Stal, C. (1862) Hempitera Mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 23, 109 - 118.","Breddin, G. (1905) Neue Rhynchoten (Vorlaufige Diagnosen). Societas entomologica, 20 (4), 26 - 27.","Breddin, G. (1904) Beitrage zur Systematik der Rhynchoten. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 14, 135 - 154. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8958"]}

Hemiptera, Insecta, Edessa, Arthropoda, Pentatomidae, Animalia, Biodiversity, Edessa nigricornis, and Taxonomy

Edessa nigricornis. Lectotype female. México / Sallé / (NHRM). Examined. Material examined. MEXICO, Veracruz: 1♁, Unam, Los Tuxtlas esta. Biol., 16–19-IX-1989, E. Barrera & T. J. Henry coll. (USNM); 1♀, Los Tuxtlas esta. Biol., 18-III-1985, P. Sinaca (Comp. W type — Fernandes JAM 1999) (UFPA); Quintana Roo: 1♁, Tulum, Pointana, 3-VIII-1981, E. PECH (UNAM); 1♀, Quintunalo, Muivolcan, VII-1983, F. L. Welling (JEE); 1♁, Quintana, Roo Nuevo, 13-VIII-1982, E. C. Welling coll. (JEE); Chiapas: 1♁, Chiapas, Junho, D. B. Thomas coll. (TH). GUATEMALA, El Petén: 1♁, Tikal, Peten, 16-VIII-1974, D. Engleman (DOE); Izabal: 1♀, Morales, 1-V-1972 (UFPA). Measurements (n= 8). Total length: 18.8–22.3; head length: 1.8–1.9; head width: 3.5–3.5; pronotum length: 4.2–4.8; pronotum width: 13.5–16.1; scutellum length: 8.5–9.7; scutellum width: 6.5–8.0; abdominal width: 10.8– 13.0; length antennomers: I: 1.0–1.0; II: 1.5–1.5; III: 1.9–2.0; IV: 3.9–4.0; V: 0.0–0.0. Diagnosis. Specimens large (18.8–22.3 mm). Dorsal surface olive green (Fig. 28 C). Ventral surface dark yellow to brown with transversal brown lines on thorax and abdomen (Fig. 28 D). Antennae with first segment brown and second segment dark brown (Fig. 28 C). Pronotum with punctures brown (Fig. 28 C). Humeral angles short (1,2 times wider than long) (Fig. 28 C), apices black (Fig. 28 C); humeral angle black spot restricted to the angle in dorsal and ventral views (Fig. 28 C,D). Scutellum with punctures brown (Fig. 28 C); apex not reach end of corium (Fig. 28 C). Corium with all veins concolorous with surface (Fig. 28 C). Posterolateral angles of connexivum with apices concolorous with surface (Fig. 28 C); connexival segments with subelliptical black spots occupying less than half the segments (Fig. 28 C); spots not extending ventrally (Fig. 28 D). Ventral surface. Thorax with brown stripes (Fig. 28 D); dark stripe of the propleuron covering 2/3 of the width of the sclerite (Fig. 28 D). Evaporatorium concolorous with thorax (Fig. 28 D). Metasternal process (Fig. 16 G) with anterior apex straight and laterally well expanded, margin acuminated; anterior face somewhat excavated; anterior bifurcation receiving fourth rostral segment. Legs brown (Fig. 28 D). Abdomen with spine of third segment acuminated. Intersegmental areas black not reaching lateral margin (Fig. 28 D). Pseudosutures concolorous with surface (Fig. 28 D). Median longitudinal brown band incomplete (Fig. 28 D). Trichobotria one in line with spiracle and the other laterad. Posterolateral angles of segment VII not reaching the level of apices of laterotergites IX in females (Fig. 16 F). Male genitalia, dorsal side of the pygophore with a suffused brown area occupying 1/3 of the surface (Fig. 16 B,D,E). Posterolateral angle of the pygophore developed (Fig. 16 A). Superior process of genital cup laminar, rectangular, thick; flattened and coarse un posterior view, continuing ventrally in a crenulated long carina (Fig. 16 B,E). Ventral rim setose with medial tufts (Fig. 16 C). Female genitalia, laterotergites VIII with dark band on outer lateral margins. (Fig. 16 F). Male genitalia (Fig. 16 A–E): Parameres with black margin; anterior lobe round; dorsal lobe rounded and subtriangular; posterior lobe subrectangular and rounded (Fig. 16 B,D,E). Proctiger with subtriangular posterior face (Fig. 16 D,E). Ventral rim with expansions undeveloped and concolorous with surface (Fig. 16 C). Female genitalia: Valvifers VIII with dark punctures; inner margins contiguous, with brown band and divergent; distal margin with brown band and arched. Laterotergites IX with apices rounded passing the sclerite uniting laterotergites VIII (Fig. 16 F). Comments. The male of Edessa (E.) nigricornis is described for the first time. The E. (E.) nigricornis is quite similar to E. (E.) electa and E. (E.) nigroangulata. These species are large and show the humeral angles short and curved backwards (Fig. 28 C). But E. (E.) nigricornis can be separated by humeral angles clearly more developed than in the other species (Figs. 25 C, 28 C,E). Also, each connexival segment without concavities or medial yellow spot (Fig. 28 C), and punctures uniformly distributed, while in E. (E.) electa and E. (E.) nigroangulata connexival segments clearly show concavities separated by yellow spots (Figs. 25 C, 28 E), and punctures are irregularly distributed around yellow spot. Distribution (Fig. 32 A,B): MEXICO: Veracruz, Quintana Roo, Chiapas, Mexico City; GUATEMALA: El Petén, Izabal.
Published as part of Mendonça, Maria Thayane Da Silva, Silva, Valéria Juliete Da & Fernandes, José Antônio Marin, 2023, Diagnose of the nominal subgenus of Edessa and description of the E. sexdens group (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae), pp. 1-63 in Zootaxa 5240 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5240.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7639547

Hemiptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Pentatomidae, Animalia, Biodiversity, Oplomus, Oplomus basalis, and Taxonomy

basalis (Oplomus) Walker 1867a: 122. [Fig. 16] Original data: “ a. Ega. From Mr. Bates’ collection.” [holotype] HOLOTYPE ♁: red-margined holotype disc; green-margined type disc; “Ega / 58 6”; “19. OPLOMUS BASALIS.”; “NHMUK 010592401”. Right antenna, fourth and fifth left antennomeres, and anterior legs missing (Fig. 16). Current status: Oplomus festivus Dallas, 1851 (originally synonymised to Oplomus tripustulatus Fabricius by Stål 1870: 28, as Var. b; see Distant 1880: 31; Distant 1900a: 63; Schouteden 1907: 35; probably synonymised to Oplomus marginalis Westwood by Thomas 1992: 60, although there is no mention of a new synonymy; Rider & Rolston 1995: 845–846 replaced preoccupied O. marginalis Westwood by O. festivus Dallas). Note: Thomas (1992: 60) erroneously reported a label as reading “Equ.” and consequently listed Ecuador in the distribution of the species. The label actually reads “Ega/58 6”; Ega is now known as Tefé and is in Brazil.
Published as part of Roell, Talita, Lemaître, Valérie A., Webb, Michael D. & Campos, Luiz A., 2023, An annotated and illustrated Type Catalogue of the predacious Shieldbugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae) in the Collection of the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 5232 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5232.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609794
{"references":["Walker, F. (1867 a) Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. E. Newman, London, pp. 1 - 240.","Dallas, W. S. (1851) List of the specimens of hemipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 368 pp., 11 pls.","Stal, C. (1870) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en f ˆ rteckning ˆ fver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 1. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 9 (1), 1 - 232.","Distant, W. L. (1880) Insecta. Rhynchota, Hemiptera-Heteroptera. In: Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali - Americana. Vol. 1. R. H. Porter, London, pp. 1 - 88, 8 pls.","Distant, W. L. (1900 a) Rhynchotal notes. - V. Heteroptera: Asopinae and Tessaratominae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 6 (31), 55 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930008678340","Schouteden, H. (1907) Heteroptera, Fam. Pentatomidae, Subfam. Asopinae (Amyoteinae). Genera Insectorum 52. P. Wytsman, Bruxelles, 82 pp., 5 pls.","Thomas, D. B. (1992) Taxonomic synopsis of the asopine Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Thomas Say Foundation Monographs. Vol. XVI. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, Maryland, iv + 156 pp.","Rider, D. A. & Rolston, L. H. (1995) Nomenclatural changes in the Pentatomidae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 97 (4), 845 - 855."]}

Hemiptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Pentatomidae, Animalia, Biodiversity, Oplomus biarcuatus, Oplomus, and Taxonomy

biarcuatus (Oplomus) Walker 1867a: 121. [Fig. 17] Original data: “ a. Vera Cruz. From M. Sallé’s collection.” [holotype] HOLOTYPE ♀: red-margined holotype disc; green-margined type disc; “Vera Cruz / 54 66”; “17. OPLOMUS BIARCUATUS.”; “NHMUK 010592407”. Left middle leg and right posterior leg missing. Genital plates disjointed (Fig. 17). Current status: Oplomus mundus Stål, 1862 (synonymised to Oplomus rutilus Dallas by Distant 1880: 31; see Distant 1900a: 63; Schouteden 1907: 35; Thomas (1992: 61) synonymised Oplomus biarcuatus to Oplomus mundus, while explaining how to separate O. mundus and O. marginalis —now O. festivus — with which he had synonymised O. rutilus).
Published as part of Roell, Talita, Lemaître, Valérie A., Webb, Michael D. & Campos, Luiz A., 2023, An annotated and illustrated Type Catalogue of the predacious Shieldbugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae) in the Collection of the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 5232 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5232.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609794
{"references":["Walker, F. (1867 a) Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. E. Newman, London, pp. 1 - 240.","Distant, W. L. (1880) Insecta. Rhynchota, Hemiptera-Heteroptera. In: Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali - Americana. Vol. 1. R. H. Porter, London, pp. 1 - 88, 8 pls.","Distant, W. L. (1900 a) Rhynchotal notes. - V. Heteroptera: Asopinae and Tessaratominae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 6 (31), 55 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930008678340","Schouteden, H. (1907) Heteroptera, Fam. Pentatomidae, Subfam. Asopinae (Amyoteinae). Genera Insectorum 52. P. Wytsman, Bruxelles, 82 pp., 5 pls.","Thomas, D. B. (1992) Taxonomic synopsis of the asopine Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Thomas Say Foundation Monographs. Vol. XVI. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, Maryland, iv + 156 pp."]}

Hemiptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Platynopus, Pentatomidae, Platynopus conspersus, Animalia, Biodiversity, and Taxonomy

conspersus (Platynopus) Walker 1867a: 123–124. [Figs. 41–42] Original data: “ a, b. Orizaba. From M. Sallé’s collection.” [two syntypes] LECTOTYPE ♁ (designated by Thomas 1992: 58): purple-margined lectotype disc; green-margined type disc; “3. PLATYNOPUS CONSPERSUS.”; “NHMUK 010592398”. Fifth left antennomere, fourth and fifth right antennomeres, right middle leg, and left posterior leg missing (Fig. 41). PARALECTOTYPE sex unknown: blue-margined paralectotype disc; “Mex / 56.143”; “ Oplomus conspersus Walker’s catal.”; “NHMUK 010592400”. Right antenna, third to fifth left antennomeres, middle and posterior legs, and the abdomen missing (preventing the sex determination) (Fig. 42). Current status: Oplomus mutabilis Stål, 1862 (Platynopus conspersus Walker, 1867 was synonymised to Oplomus (Stictocnemus) proteus Stål, 1862 by Stål 1870: 30 [see also Distant 1880: 32, 1900a: 63; Schouteden 1907: 36]; the latter species was synonymised to Oplomus mutabilis Stål, 1862 by Thomas 1992: 58). Notes: Walker (1867a: 124) had noted: “The spines of the thorax in this species are hardly apparent, and thus it resembles Oplomus.” Indeed, the species was later synonymised to species of Oplomus. Thomas (1992: 58) stated: “The type of Platynopus conspersus, a female, was located in the British Museum (Natural History). It is labeled: (a) “Type,” (b) “ Platynopus conspersus.”” Walker (1867a: 124) had described: “Abdomen blackish blue, except at the tip; under side with a large quadrate spot of whitish tomentum on each side of the hinder disk, which is wholly black”. The “whitish tomentum” mentioned by him is a bristle set which occurs only in males of some species of Asopinae (glandular patches). Therefore, we assume that Thomas made a mistake when copying the sex of this specimen from his notes. Even so, as he detailed the labels and called the specimen “the type”, we consider he has “unambiguously selected [this] particular syntype to act as the unique name-bearing type of the taxon” (ICZN 1999, Art. 74.5).
Published as part of Roell, Talita, Lemaître, Valérie A., Webb, Michael D. & Campos, Luiz A., 2023, An annotated and illustrated Type Catalogue of the predacious Shieldbugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae) in the Collection of the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 5232 (1) on page 32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5232.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609794
{"references":["Walker, F. (1867 a) Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. E. Newman, London, pp. 1 - 240.","Thomas, D. B. (1992) Taxonomic synopsis of the asopine Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Thomas Say Foundation Monographs. Vol. XVI. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, Maryland, iv + 156 pp.","Stal, C. (1870) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en f ˆ rteckning ˆ fver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 1. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 9 (1), 1 - 232.","Distant, W. L. (1880) Insecta. Rhynchota, Hemiptera-Heteroptera. In: Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali - Americana. Vol. 1. R. H. Porter, London, pp. 1 - 88, 8 pls.","Distant, W. L. (1900 a) Rhynchotal notes. - V. Heteroptera: Asopinae and Tessaratominae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 6 (31), 55 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930008678340","Schouteden, H. (1907) Heteroptera, Fam. Pentatomidae, Subfam. Asopinae (Amyoteinae). Genera Insectorum 52. P. Wytsman, Bruxelles, 82 pp., 5 pls.","ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp."]}

Hemiptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Pentatomidae, Podisus, Animalia, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, and Podisus fuscescens

caliginosa (Arma) Walker 1867a: 138. [Fig. 30] Original data: “ a. Constancia, Rio Janeiro. Presented by the Rev. H. Clark. ” [holotype] HOLOTYPE ♀: red-margined holotype disc; green-margined type disc; “CONSTANCIA Jany 1857. H. Clark.”; “35. ARMA CALIGINOSA ”; “NHMUK 010592321”. Third to fifth left antennomeres missing (Fig. 30). Current status: Podisus fuscescens (Dallas, 1851) (synonymised by Brugnera et al. 2020a: 550).
Published as part of Roell, Talita, Lemaître, Valérie A., Webb, Michael D. & Campos, Luiz A., 2023, An annotated and illustrated Type Catalogue of the predacious Shieldbugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae) in the Collection of the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 5232 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5232.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609794
{"references":["Walker, F. (1867 a) Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. E. Newman, London, pp. 1 - 240.","Dallas, W. S. (1851) List of the specimens of hemipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 368 pp., 11 pls.","Brugnera, R., Roell, T., Campos, L. A. & Grazia, J. (2020 a) Taxonomy of widespread Neotropical species of Podisus HerrichSchaffer (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae): redescription of P. distinctus (Stal, 1860) and revalidation of P. fuscescens (Dallas, 1851). Zootaxa, 4751 (3), 546 - 562. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4751.3.7"]}

Hemiptera, Valdasus, Insecta, Arthropoda, Animalia, Valdasus cerdai, Biodiversity, Miridae, and Taxonomy

11) Valdasus cerdai, new species (Figs 3A–G, 4A–C) Diagnosis: Relatively small Valdasus (total length between 4.1 and 5.4 mm), with evenly black head and pronotum in dorsal view, the exocorium devoid of clear medial patch and the first antennal segment uniformly yellow-brown and devoid of annulation. Type specimens: HOLOTYPE (♁): French Guiana, KOurOu, SOumOurOu track, malaise trap, ix.2002, Favre D. leg. (FC n° 5894x) (MNHN, ex AMPF). PARATYPES. 1♁, 1?: French Guiana, Kaw, P.K. 37.5, malaise trap, ii. 2001, Cerda J. leg. (FC n°s 5922, 5944) (AMPF); 1♁: French Guiana, Crique Serpent track, P.K. 19.1, malaise trap, vi. 2001, Cerda J. leg. (FC n° 5953) (AMPF); 1♁: French Guiana, Kaw, P.K. 37.5, malaise trap, 26.xi.2001, Cerda J. leg. (FC n° 5920) (AMPF); 1♁: French Guiana, Kaw, P.K. 37.5, malaise trap, 03.xii.2001, Cerda J. leg. (FC n° 5916) (AMPF); 1♁: French Guiana, Kaw, P.K. 37.5, malaise trap, 20.xii.2001, Cerda J. leg. (FC n° 5914) (AMPF); 2♁♁: French Guiana, Kaw, P.K. 37.5, malaise trap, 31.xii.2001, Cerda J. leg. (FC n° 5950-5951) (AMPF); 1♁: French Guiana, Patawa, P.K. 37, malaise trap, 17.i.2002, Cerda J. leg. (FC n° 5925) (AMPF); 1♁: French Guiana, Patawa, P.K. 35, 19.i.2002, Cerda J. leg. (FC n° 5923) (AMPF); 2♁♁: French Guiana, Kaw, P.K. 37.5, malaise trap, i.2002, Cerda J. leg. (FC n°s 5935, 5937) (AMPF); 1♁: French Guiana, Patawa, P.K. 37, 13.iii.2002, Cerda J. leg. (FC n° 5902) (AMPF); 2♁♁: French Guiana, KOurOu, SOumOurOu track, 17.ii tO 17.iii.2002, Favre D. leg. (FC n° 5903, 5919); 1 ♁: French Guiana, Patawa, P.K. 37, malaise trap, 18.iii.2002, Cerda J. leg. (FC n° 5949) (AMPF); 2♁♁: French Guiana, KOurOu, SOumOurOu track, 25 tO 29.iii.2002, Favre D. leg. (FC n°s 5897–5898) (ISNB, ex AMPF); 4♁♁: French Guiana, Patawa, P.K. 37, malaise trap, 01.iv.2002, Cerda J. leg. (FC n°s 5915, 5918, 5921, 5941) (AMPF); 2♁♁: French Guiana, Patawa, P.K. 37, malaise trap, 03.iv.2002, Cerda J. leg. (FC n°s 5938–5939) (AMPF); 6♁♁: French Guiana, KOurOu, SOumOurOu track, 02 tO 19.iv.2002, Favre D. leg. (FC n°s 5900–5901, 5907-5910) (AMPF); 2♁♁: French Guiana, KOurOu, SOumOurOu track, 23.iv tO 03.v.2002, Favre D. leg. (FC n°s 5911–5912); 1 ♁: French Guiana, Patawa, P.K. 37, malaise trap, 03.v.2002, Cerda J. leg. (FC n° 5948) (AMPF); 1♁: French Guiana, Patawa, P.K. 37, malaise trap, 22.vi.2002, Cerda J. leg. (FC n° 5917) (AMPF); 4♁♁: French Guiana, Kourou, Soumourou track, malaise trap, 13.vi to 20.vii.2002, Favre D. leg. (FC n°s 5896, 5904–5906) (AMPF); 2♁♁: French Guiana, Patawa, P.K. 35, 28.viii.2002, Cerda J. leg. (FC n°s 5913, 5950b) (AMPF); 1♁: French Guiana, Kourou, Soumourou track, 22 to 29.viii.2002, Favre D. leg. (FC n° 5924) (AMPF); 2♁♁: French Guiana, Kourou, Soumourou track, malaise trap, ix.2002, Favre D. leg. (FC n°s 5894x, 5899, 5940) (AMPF); 2♁♁: French Guiana, Patawa, P.K. 35, 05.i.2003, Cerda J. leg. (FC n°s 5945–5946) (AMPF). Other specimen examined for comparison: Valdasoides bahiensis Carvalho, 1989: HOLOTYPE (♁): Brazil, Estrada Rio-Bahia, km 965, Motel da Divisa, 960 m., xi. 1972, Seabra & Roppa leg. (MNRJ) (now destroyed) (Fig. 5). Description. Male. Measurements (mm). HOLOTYPE: Total length in lateral view (from tylus to apex of abdomen): 4.2, total width in middle of hemelytral: 1.5, width of vertex in dorsal view: 0.3, width of head across eyes in dorsal view: 1.0, length of first antennal segment: 0.5, length of second antennal segment: 1.4, length of third antennal segment: 1.6, length of the fourth antennal segment: - (broken), length of pronotum (including the collar): 0.6, posterior width of pronotum (between humeral angles): 1.5, length of scutellum (including mesoscutum): 0.8, anterior width of scutellum: 0.6, length of cuneus: 0.6, width of cuneus: 0.4. Paratypes: Total length in lateral view (from tylus to apex of abdomen): 4.1–5.4 (n = 10), total width in middle of hemelytral: 1.6–1.8 (n =10), width of vertex in dorsal view: 0.4 (n = 10), width of head across eyes in dorsal view: 1.0–1.5 (n = 10), length of first antennal segment: 0.4–0.6 (n = 10), length of second antennal segment: 1.4–2.3 (n = 10), length of third antennal segment: 1.5–2.8 (n = 9), length of the fourth antennal segment: 2.2–2.6 (n = 6), length of pronotum (including the collar): 0.7–0.9 (n = 10), posterior width of pronotum (between humeral angles): 1.5–1.9 (n = 10), length of scutellum (including mesoscutum): 0.6–1.0 (n = 10), anterior width of scutellum: 0.7–0.9 (n = 10), length of cuneus: 0.6–0.8, width of cuneus: 0.3–0.5. Head vertically oriented, elongate in frontal view and short in dorsal view, shining dark brown to black. Frons glabrous, medially transversally and longitudinally sulcate. Jugae and lorae reduced, very dark, almost black, with some sparse erect white setae. Vertex sulcate medially between the eyes, glabrous, shining dark reddish brown laterally, fuscous medially. Eyes reddish, ommatidia black, pedicel dark reddish brown to fuscous. First antennal segment relatively elongate, curved, equal or slightly longer than vertex width, yellowish-brown. Second antennal segment reddish-brown to fuscous apically, longer than first, slightly thickened apically, with erect, brown setae. Third and fourth antennal segments thinner, dark brown, elongate, third almost equal to or slightly longer than second, fourth longer, but frequently lost or strongly damaged, particularly at apex. Neck reddish-brown with wide yellowish spot medially. Labium thick, reaching metacoxae, dark-brown. Pronotum black, shining. Pronotal collar dull, thin, dark brown, with semi-erect to erect, white setae. Pronotal callosities shinning black, transversally elongate, narrowly punctate, practically glabrous, each with lateral swelling. Pronotal disk black, surface widely and relatively deeply punctate, bearing numerous erect to suberect, elongate, setae. Humeral angles rounded, lateral margins of pronotal disk devoid of carina, posterior margin slightly concave laterally. Mesoscutum exposed, dull, with lateral fossae. Scutellum almost flat in dorsal view but weakly swollen in lateral view, dark brown with yellowish apex, widely and relatively deeply punctate, bearing some erect to suberect, elongated, white setae. Legs. Coxae and trochanters yellowish. Femora, tibiae and tarsi yellowish-brown, elongate, tibiae with brown setae. Meso- and metapleura black, the scent gland efferent system pale yellow. Hemelytra dark brown with yellowish areas at apex of clavus and corium, widely and relatively deeply punctate, with numerous, suberect brown setae. Cuneus uniformly brown, yellowish basally. Membrane including the veins brown. Abdomen ventrally and laterally fuscous, with elongate setae, dorsally yellowish tinged with red. Genitalia. Left paramere (Fig. 4A) relatively narrow, elongate as the right paramere (Fig. 4B). Endophallus (Fig. 4C) lacking a spiculum, secondary gonopore reduced, ductus seminis convoluted. Female unknown. Etymology: The new species is dedicated to M. Jean-Aimé Cerda, collector of numerous plant bugs from French Guiana preserved in AMPF and MNHN and specialist of the moth subfamily Arctiinae working mainly on the subtribes Euchromiina and Ctenuchina (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea, Erebidae). Discussion: V. cerdai n. sp. presents the main character states of the genus Valdasus as diagnosed in Wolski’s (2017) key of Cylapini genera and by Wolski et al. (2020). Male specimens of V. cerdai are macropterous. The dorsal surface (pronotum, scutellum, hemelytra) of this species is deeply and densely punctate, covered with long, erect, dense setae, the vertex is deeply sulcate medially, the mesepimeron is punctate, the tarsomere I is shorter than the II and III measured together, the mesoscutum is exposed and the hemelytra are fuscous with a patch medially (reduced, at apex of clavus). The anterior margin of cuneus is yellowish. According to the key to species of Valdasus in Wolski et al. (2020), V. cerdai n. sp. can be separated from the majority of already described species of the genus Valdasus by the evenly black pronotum (in contrast to V. bolivianus Carvalho, 1989 where pronotal disk is lighter than callosities area), devoid of longitudinal yellow stripes (in contrast to V. flavinotum Wolski et al., 2020), by the total length less than 6 mm (in contrast to V. schoenherri Stål, 1860), by the exocorium devoid of a yellow patch medially (in contrast to V. erebeus Distant, 1883 and V. stygius Distant, 1883), by the shining head and by the first antennal segment uniformly yellowish-brown, lacking annulation (in contrast to V. ferrerai Wolski et al., 2020 and V. henry Wolski et al., 2020). V. cerdai is relatively similar to V. favrei Wolski et al., 2020 by the habitus and the endosoma devoid of sclerites, but can be recognized by its shiny fuscous head (versus yellowish to brownish and matte in V. favrei), the narrow, yellowish area of clavus margins apex sometimes extending on endocorium (versus black in V. favrei) and the structure of left paramere. V. cerdai n. sp. also differs from the poorly known Valdasoides bahiensis Carvalho, 1989 by the more reduced pronotal callosities and the male genital structures. Unfortunately, the badly damaged holotype of V. bahiensis (Fig. 5), originally preserved in MNRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was destroyed with all Carvalho’s specimens of this institution in the fire of September 02, 2018. Fortunately: (a) numerous Carvalho’s types preserved in other institutions around the World (particularly at USNM, Washington D.C.) remain available still for study, but all specimens from Rio’s collection were lost. (b) A majority of Carvalho’s types preserved in MNRJ were systematically pictured before the fire (Henry et al., in prep.) The validity of Valdasoides as separate genus needs to be investigated in more detail, however additional specimens are required. The main character states used by Carvalho & Ferreira (1994) in their key to the South American Cylapini to separate both genera are the shape of first antennal segment (curved in Valdasoides), the pronotal shape (narrowed anteriorly in Valdasoides), the basal width of embolium (narrow, difficult to see in Valdasoides), and the brightness of pronotal callosities (smooth and shiny in Valdasoides). According to available pictures of the V. bahiensis holotype, the first antennal segment of the only (male) known specimen was relatively elongate and effectively curved, apparently similar in shape to the corresponding antennal segment of Valdasus flavinotum, V. schoenherri or V. stygius but also of V. cerdai, n. sp. The pronotum of V. bahiensis was obviously narrowed anteriorly (with weakly concave lateral margins). However, it is also the case in some Valdasus as presently defined (such as V. ferrerai), some other species having almost straight pronotal lateral margins (such V. favrei). The pronotal callosities are shiny in a majority of Valdasus species, but dull in V. schoenherri, and their punctation always more reduced (i.e., narrower and shallower) than pronotal disk punctation. This also apparently was the case for the holotype of V. bahiensis (contra Carvalho & Ferreira, op. cit.). Finally, the embolium is narrowed at different “places” in different Valdasus species (for example, basally in V. flavinotum, between the anterior third and the half in V. favrei). All other character states given by Carvalho (1989) in his description of the genus Valdasoides are also known for at least some Valdasus species (Wolski et al. 2020). Based on our preliminary evaluation, it is likely that Valdasus and Valdasoides are congeneric. However, we are reluctant to formally synonymize these genera until additional specimens are available for study.
Published as part of Chérot, Frédéric, Wolski, Andrzej & Carpintero, Diego Leonardo, 2023, The Cylapinae of French Guiana: an illustrated catalogue with the description of a new species (Insecta, Heteroptera, Miridae), pp. 351-366 in Zootaxa 5230 (3) on pages 357-358, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5230.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7561494
{"references":["Carvalho, J. C. M. (1989) Mirideos Neotropicais, CCCVI: Novos generos e especies da tribo Cylapini Kirkaldy (Hemiptero). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Serie Zoologia, 5 (1), 79 - 84.","Wolski, A. (2017) Taxonomic review of the plant bug genera Amapacylapus and Cylapus with descriptions of two new species and a key to the genera of Cylapini. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 57 (2), 399 - 455. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / aemnp- 2017 - 0084","Wolski, A., Cherot, F. & Carpintero, D. L. (2020) Review of the genus Valdasus Stal, 1860 (Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae), with descriptions of four new species from Brazil, Ecuador and French Guiana. Zootaxa, 4869 (2), 187 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4869.2.2","Stal, C. (1860) Bidrag till Rio Janeiro-traktens Hemipter-fauna. Kungliga Vetenskapakademiens Handlingar, 2 (7), 1 - 84.","Distant, W. L. (1883) Insecta Rhynchota. Hemiptera Heteroptera. Vol. I. In: Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali Americana. R. H. Porter, London, pp. 225 - 264.","Carvalho, J. C. M. & Ferreira, P. S. F. (1994) Mirideos neotropicais, CCCLXXXVIII: Chave para os generos de Cylapinae Kirkaldy, 1903 (Hemiptera). Revista Ceres, 41 (235), 327 - 334."]}

Hemiptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Animalia, Biodiversity, Coreidae, and Taxonomy

Tribe Pseudophloeini Stål, 1868 * Arenocoris waltlii (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835) Balamand (couvent), Balamand = ›ḷ*لب, [Caza Koura], 2-V-2005, Matocq leg. (AMPC) * Bothrostethus annulipes (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835). Nahr Al-Bared = ΑرƖبƾا رǝḻ, [Caza Akkar], 7-V-2005, A. Matocq leg.(AMPC) — Coriomeris affinis (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1839). Tannourine, « Balaa stream », Tannourine = نǘروḷṣ, [Caza Batroun], 22-V-2012, N 34 171161 E 35 870437, 1508 m alt., Cocquempot leg. (CCC); Hadet El-Joubbeh = ậب÷ƾا Ḷ›^, [Caza Bcharreh], 26-V-2012, N 34 221062 E 35 924310, 1729 m alt., Cocquempot leg. (CCC) Moulet (1995: Qartaba = Ɩبطرš, [Caza Byblos]); Dolling (2006); Aukema (2018). * Coriomeris denticulatus (Scopoli, 1763). Tannourine « Reserve », Tannourine = نǘروḷṣ, [Caza Batroun], 20-V-2012, N 34 208096 E 35933075, 1806 m alt., Cocquempot leg. (CCC) — Coriomeris hirticornis (F., 1794). Moulet (1995); Dolling (2006); Aukema (2018). — Coriomeris pallidus Reuter, 1900. Dolling (2006); Aukema (2018). — Coriomeris vitticollis Reuter, 1900. Dolling (2006); Aukema (2018). — Loxocnemis dentato r (Fabricius, 1794). Moulet (1995: Qartaba = Ɩبطرš, [Caza Byblos]); Dolling (2006); Aukema (2018) * Strobilotoma typhaecornis (F., 1803). Nahr Al-Bared = ΑرƖبƾا رǝḻ, [Caza Akkar], 7-V-2005, A. Matocq leg. (AMPC)
Published as part of Matocq, Armand & Azar, Dany, 2023, Preliminary inventory of terrestrial Heteroptera from Lebanon (Hemiptera: Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha and Pentatomomorpha), pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 5230 (1) on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5230.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7550504
{"references":["Moulet, P. (1995) Hemipteres Coreoidea (Coreidae, Rhopalidae, Alydidae), Pyrrhocoridae, Stenocephalidae EuroMediterraneens. Faune de France. Vol. 81. Federation Francaise des Societes de Sciences Naturelles, Paris, 336 pp.","Dolling, W. R. (2006) Families Alydidae, Coreidae, Rhopalidae, Stenocephalidae. In: Aukema, B. & Rieger, C. (Eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 5. Pentatomorpha. II. Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, pp. 2 - 43.","Aukema, B. (Ed.) (2018 - 2022) Catalogue of the Palaearctic Heteroptera. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Available from: https: // catpalhet. linnaeus. naturalis. nl (accessed 23 January 2022)"]}

Insecta, Arthropoda, Discotettix, Animalia, Orthoptera, Tetrigidae, Biodiversity, Discotettix belzebuth, and Taxonomy

Discotettix (Discotettix) belzebuth (Serville, 1838) (Figs 5–14) Vernacular name: Bornean Spiky Pygmy Devil Tetrix belzebuth Serville, 1838: 759 [original description, type locality: originally Java but actually probably Borneo]. Tettix belzebuth: Stål 1873: 152 [listed in the catalog]. Discotettix belzebuth: Bolívar 1887: 306 [included in the revision]; Rehn, 1904: 670 [new records]; Hancock 1907a: 6 [included in the revision]; Hancock 1907b: 213 [new records]; Kirby 1910: 2 [included in the catalog]; Hancock 1913: 39 [new records]; Willemse 1930: 8 [new records]; Günther 1938: 301 [included in the revision]; Steinmann 1970: 216 [listed in the catalog]; Blackith 1992: 46 [listed in the catalog]; Yin et al. 1996: 866 [listed in the catalog], Otte 1997: 32 [listed in the catalog], Kočárek et al. 2015: 289 [new records, data on variability]; Kuřavova et al. 2017: 120–128 [data on the antennae morphology]; Tan & Wahab 2018: 123 [new records in Brunei Darussalam]. Discotettix armatus Costa, 1864: 59 [original description, type locality: Borneo]; synonymized by Bolívar (1887). Discotettix adenanii Mahmood et al., 2007: 1276 [original description, type locality: Borneo: Kuching]; synonymized by Kočárek et al. (2015). Type locality. According to the original description the type locality is Java, but since no locality label is present under the holotype (the only found specimen originating from Serville's collection in MNHN), we believe that the specimen originates from Borneo, from where the majority of the records of this species are. In MNCN, there are four specimens labeled ‘Java’ so it is not fully clear whether this species is/was present on Java. Borneo Island is the type locality of D. armatus, which is the type species of the genus Discotettix (a junior synonym of D. belzebuth). The type specimen of D. belzebuth was considered lost, but was found in March 2016 by JS in MNHN. For D. armatus, we believe that the specimen still exists in the Naples collection (Italy), but we were not able to contact the Museum or to get information on Costa's collection. Material examined. Type material. HOLOTYPE of D. belzebuth 1♀ (locality, date and collector labels missing), red label 'TYPE' and Günther's label ' Discotettix belzebuth Serv. K. Günther det.' present (MNHN); PARATYPE of D. adenanii 1♂ Malaysia: Sarawak: “Adanan Bukra”, Gunung Serapi 3.VI.1988. (UKM) (according to Kočárek et al. (2015) the holotype and the rest of the type series has probably been destroyed). Additional museum material. 2♀♀, 1♂ Borneo: Malaysia: Sarawak: Mattang Collector Frivaldsky, det. J. Skejo (MNCN); 1♀, 2♂♂ Borneo: Malaysia: Sarawak Collector Mjöberg, det. J. Tumbrinck (NHRS); 1♀ Borneo: Malaysia: Sarawak: Bidi 1908. Collector. C. J. Brooks, det. J. Tumbrinck (NCM); 1♂ Borneo: Malaysia: [Sarawak, Bidi] Collector: C. J. Brooks, det. J. Tumbrinck (NCM); 1 ♀ Borneo: Malaysia: Sarawak: 75 km S of Miri Town, Niah Nat. Park [100 m a.s.l., forest around Niah Great Cave] 30.III.2012. Collectors A.V. Gorochov and M. Berezin, det. J. Skejo et T. Pushkar (ZISP); 2♀♀ Borneo: Malaysia: Sabah: Kina-Balu-Gebirge Collector: Waterstradt, det. Hancock (AMS); 1♀ Borneo: Malaysia: Sabah: Kinabalu NP: Poring [forest clearing] 8.VIII.1984. Collector S. Ingrisch, det. S. Ingrisch (CJT); 2♀♀, 2♂ ♂ Malaysia: Sabah [labeled Nord-Borneo Collector Waterstradt det. J. Skejo (MNCN); 3♂♂ Borneo: Malaysia: Sabah: Pajau River, Collector Mjöberg, det. J. Tumbrinck (NHRS); 1♂ Borneo: Malaysia: Sabah: Kajan River Collector Mjöberg, det. J. Tumbrinck (NHRS); 1♀, 2♂♂ Malaysia: Sabah [on original label written North Borneo] Collector: Watterstradt, det. K. Günther (SMTD); 1♀ Borneo: Malaysia: Sabah: Batu Niah 4.VIII.1984. Collector S. Ingrisch, det. S. Ingrisch (ZFMK); 1♀ Borneo: Malaysia: Sabah: Kinabalu NP: Poring: Bergil 10.IV.1997. [6º5'N, 116º33'E] [collected by fogging] Collector A. Floren, det. J. Tumbrinck (ZFMK); 1 ♀ Malaysia: Sabah: Crocket Range, 80 km S of Kota Kinabalu City [environment of the village Ula Kumanis at 800 m a.s.l.] 5 – 10.V.2006. Collector A. Sochivko, det. J. Skejo et T. Pushkar (ZISP); 1♀, 3♂ Borneo: Malaysia: Sabah: [original labels „ Nord Borneo, Kina-Balu-Gebirge [at 1500 m a.s.l.] Collector Waterstradt, det. Brunner von Wattenwyl (ZISP); 1♀ Malaysia: Sabah: Mt. Trus Madi: Tambunan distr [975 m a.s.l.] 25.IV–10.V.2006, Collector P. Udivichenko, det. J. Skejo et T. Pushkar (ZISP); 4 ♂♂ Malaysia: Sabah: Mt. Trus Madi: Tambunan district [975 m a.s.l.] 25.IV–10.V.2006. Collector P. Udivichenko, det. J. Skejo et T. Pushkar (ZISP); 2♀, 2♂ Borneo: Malaysia: Sabah: Mt. Trus Madi [1000 m a.s.l.] 13.–25.V.2007. Collector A.V. Gorochov, det. J. Skejo et T. Pushkar (ZISP); 1 ♀ Borneo: Malaysia: Sabah: Mt. Trus Madi [1200 m a.s.l.] 13–24.I.2007. Collector A. Sochivko, det. J. Skejo et T. Pushkar (ZISP); 1♂ label '99. 10064.' [without specified data] det. J. Skejo (MNCN); 1♂ [without specified data] det. J. Skejo (MNCN); 1♀, 1♂ Malaysia: Borneo [without specified other data] (NMNH NASU); 2♀♀ Indonesia: Kalimatan: Kalimantan Timur [= East]: Marah 12.XI.1925. Collector: H. C. Siebers, det. K. Günther (SMTD); 1 nymph (sex unteterminable) Indonesia: Kalimatan: West Kalimatan: Pontianak det. J. Skejo (MNCN); 2♀♀, 2♂ ♂ Indonesia: Java [without other data specified] det. J. Skejo (MNCN); Additional material from online social media. All the records of D. belzebuth from iNaturalist may be found on the following link: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?taxon_id=637240 (all records submitted by July 2022 are shown in Table 1); while for Flickr, ProjectNoah, and SpinelessWonders all the observations (Figs 6–14) are listed in the Table 1. ......Continued on the next page TABLE 1. (Continued) ......Continued on the next page TABLE 1. (Continued) Distribution. The species is widespread in Borneo (many data from Malaysian and Brunei part, but few from the Indonesian part, probably due to the lack of research) and adjacent small islands (such as Labuan). This species was previously considered widely distributed on all the Greater Sunda Islands of the Malay Archipelago, namely on Borneo, Java, and Sumatra (Serville 1838; De Haan 1843; Rehn 1904; Hancock 1907a; 1907b; Günther 1938; Mahmood et al. 2007; Kočárek et al. 2015; Tan & Wahab 2018). Distribution of the species in Java was/is possible, as in the Bolívar's collection in MNCN Madrid there are several specimens labeled ‘Java’, but its presence nowadays should be confirmed as there have been no records for more than a century. The species is not present in Sumatra (De Haan 1843), with De Haan’s (1843) records likely belonging to D. selysi, which was not described at the time. Taxonomic notes. Discotettix adenanii is considered a junior synonym of D. belzebuth. Seven well-developed pronotal projections (Mahmood et al. 2007) are the diagnostic character of D. belzebuth as well. Günther (1938) pointed out the variability of this polymorphic species with certain specimens that are not easy to identify as D. belzebuth, but as a form with certain characteristics somewhat similar to Kraengia. The description of D. adenanii, on the other hand, completely fits D. belzebuth description and diagnosis. Variability of the species can be observed solely by comparison of Bolívar's drawing (Hancock, 1907a: 6) with Günther's D. belzebuth figure (1938: p. 301, Fig. 2). Kočárek et al. (2015) examined type specimen of D. adenanii and the variability of the pronotal morphology in D. belzebuth populations collected in different parts of Borneo, showing that all the studied specimens fit the variability of D. belzebuth. We agree with the conclusion of Kočárek et al. (2015) that D. adenanii is a pure synonym of D. belzebuth. Diagnosis. This is the species with the highest (in lateral view) and spikiest/sharpest pronotal projections in the entire genus and by its general appearance it can readily be distinguished from all the other species of the genus. It is somewhat similar to D. kirscheyi Skejo, Pushkar, Tumbrinck et Tan sp. n. from NE Borneo, and to D. sumatrensis Skejo, Pushkar et Tumbrinck sp. n. from Sumatra. From D. scabridus the new species can be separated by the following characters: (I) bifurcation of the frontal costa between the eyes (on the lower margin of the compound eyes in D. scabridus), (II) FM high and developed (present as a small tubercle in D. scabridus), (III) MM elevated into spines (lower and saw-like in D. scabridus), (IV) MML elevated into spines (present as low and triangular, compressed elevations in D. scabridus), (V) ML strong and long, tooth-like (absent in D. scabridus), (VI) interscapular area with parallel margins (wide and triangular in D. scabridus). Discotettix belzebuth can be separated from D. selysi, D. doriae, and D. aruanus Skejo, Pushkar et Tumbrinck sp. n. by the following characters: (I) more than one well-developed protuberance on the pronotal disc, (II) long frontomedial projection of the anterior margin of the pronotum, (III) fore and mid femora are more slender, (IV) antennal segments are more specialized in morphology than in D. selysi, the widest and the most flattened is the 10 th segment (unlike the 9 th segment in D. selysi and D. doriae). From D. sumatrensis Skejo, Pushkar et Tumbrinck sp. n. the species can be easily separated by the following characteristics: (I) larger body size, (II) all antennae segments are of black/dark color, (III) the 8 th antennal segment is the widest one (unlike the 7 th segment in D. sumatrensis Skejo, Pushkar et Tumbrinck sp. n.), (IV) the hind femur bears small lappets. D. kirscheyi Skejo, Pushkar, Tumbrinck et Tan sp. n. can be easily separated from D. belzebuth by the following set of characters: (I) in D. kirscheyi Skejo, Pushkar, Tumbrinck et Tan sp. n. antennae with more robust segments gradually become wider distally, not as specialized as in D. belzebuth, (II) D. kirscheyi Skejo, Pushkar, Tumbrinck et Tan sp. n. has short FM, not covering the whole head as in D. bellzebuth, (III) projections on the dorsal surface of the pronotum are smaller in D. kirscheyi Skejo, Pushkar, Tumbrinck et Tan sp. n., (IV) D. kirscheyi sp. n. has weak ML, (V) D. kirscheyi sp. n. has robust and serrated fore and mid femora, not as slender as in D. belzebuth and (VI) D. kirscheyi sp. n. has smaller body size. Redescription. General characters. Medium to large sized, robust, species (13.01–17.02 mm), texture granulated, rugose; pronotum wrinkled, with numerous small tubercles, medium-sized and large protuberances on dorsal and lateral sides. Epizoic symbiotic bryophytes and algae are often present on the pronotal surfaces, so usually the specimens are characterized by cryptic colors (Figs 8, 10). Macropronotal. Coloration. Coloration variable: from black and dark brown to brighter tints of brown: grayish, greenish, yellowish, reddish, somewhat purple; pronotal projections usually darker. The entire body, including antennae, may be of the same color, except brightly colored frontal carina on the head and the median carina of pronotum, while fore and mid tibiae and tarsi usually bear 1–3 lighter rings. Maxillary palpi black with pale colored joints between the segments (Figs 5–14). Head. In dorsal and frontal view, vertex 2.21–2.76 times as wide as an eye. Fossula elliptic and deep. The lower margin of the lateral ocelli a bit below the level of the lower margin of a compound eye. In frontal view, frontal costa narrow, bifurcated above lateral ocelli into subparallel, finely granulated facial carinae forming a very narrow scutellum. Scutellum slightly narrower than the antennal groove. Antennal groove below the lower margin of the compound eye (Fig. 5C). Antenna with 13 antennomeres. A detailed description of the antennal morphometrics and morphology was published recently by Kuřavová et al. (2017). Antennal segments as follows: scapus (1 st antennomere) and pedicel (2 nd antennomere) massive; basal segments (3 rd to 6 th) elongated and circular in cross-section; central or subapical segments (7 th and 8 th) strongly widened, pennate, 8 th being the widest antennal segment (in holotype 2.22 times as long as wide); apical segment 9 th much smaller than the subapical and much larger than the rest of the apical segments; apical segments 10 th to 13 th reduced, very small, and borders between them barely visible. Antennomeres 3 rd to 9 th bearing saw-like margins, because of the presence of large basiconic sensilla (Fig. 10). When the body and the antennae are covered with algae and moss, the 8 th segment is always free of epizoic organisms (Fig. 10). Pronotum. Pronotum wrinkled and granulated, covered in numerous small tubercles and larger projections. The posterior process of the pronotum slender, surpassing the hind knee for about half of the hind femur length. Disc of the pronotum at almost the same level along all length, and unlike other species of the genus, without a distinct depression behind the shoulder. Pronotum not descending backward. Morphology of the pronotal disc variable, usually with 4–7 unpaired projections of variable size on the median carina (FM, PM, and 2–5 MMs); 2–3 pairs of FL; 4–7 pairs of more or less distinct PMLs and MMLs; 3 pairs of PLs and MLs; and a pair of VL. Prozona short, subsquare. The anterior margin of the pronotum projected as a large digitate FM directed upwards and forwards above the head, covering the whole area of the fastigium of the vertex. FM often decurved with excised apex. Prozonal carinae slightly elevated, surpassing the anterior margin of the pronotum as dentiform FL1. Extralateral carinae elevated, surpassing anterior margin of pronotum as dentiform FL2. FL3 dentiform, small and weak, more distinct than FL1. Median carina extended along the whole length of the pronotum, tuberculated, but with smooth areas. Median carina bearing FM and 3–6 of large digitate medial projections well seen in profile. PM small, distinct in about a third of the examined specimens. MM1, MM2, MM3, and MM4 large and digitate (MM1MM3>MM4). MM4 well visible in most of the specimens, but in some completely reduced. MM5 present as a spike in about every tenth specimen, but usually very small and almost invisible. Among mediolateral projections, PML1 is a small tubercle, almost indistinct; PML2 small; MML1 small; MML2 large; MML3 and MML4 distinct in a few examined specimens. PL1 and PL2 elongated, small, and almost indistinct. In the metazona humero-apical carinae forms a sharp humeral angle, projected outwards as strong spine-like or digitate ML. Interhumeral carinae hardly observable because of numerous net-like elevations and tubercles present in the whole disc. The apex of pronotum blunt, and shallowly excised. The lower part of the lateral lobe with finely serrate anterior and coarsely serrate posterior margin, elongated as VL of variable shapes from sharp spine-like to saw-like form, directed strongly outwards or in rare cases somewhat backward (Fig. 5A, B). Wings. The visible part of tegmen elongated and oval. Hind wing long, often not reaching the pronotal apex. Legs. Femora more or less robust, and compressed laterally, but elongated in comparison to other species. The rough surface of the legs usually bears outgrowths and tubercles of variable size and sharpness. The dorsal and ventral margins serrate. Genicular teeth visible on all the knees, and additionally 1–3 weak teeth present on the dorsal and ventral margins of the fore and mid femora. Hind femur with small lappets on both dorsal and ventral margins. Lateral area of the hind femur with net-like elevations and weak carinae, ventro-external carina with teethlike outgrowths. Genicular teeth of the hind femora larger than the antegenicular. Both sides of the dorsal margin of the hind tibia finely serrated, additionally with 4–5 outer and 3–4 inner larger teeth. Abdominal apex. Female subgenital plate with a triangular protrusion in the middle of the posterior margin. Ovipositor of variable shapes, usually elongated, but can be more robust, probably due to the ecological factors. Measurements. BL ♂♂ 13.1–15.01 mm, ♀♀ 14.3–17.02 mm; PnL ♂♂ 16.04–19.14 mm, ♀♀ 18.5–22.34mm; PnW ♂♂ 7.99–8.24 mm, ♀♀ 9.04–9.66 mm; AnL ♂♂ 6.88–7.8 mm, ♀♀ 7.11–7.99 mm; TL ♂♂ 1.9–2.54 mm, ♀♀ 2.1–3.01 mm; TW ♂♂ 0.78–1.14 mm, ♀♀ 0.99–1.23 mm; fFL ♂♂ 3.29–4.46 mm, ♀♀ 4.1–5.16 mm; fFW ♂♂ 0.77–1.01 mm, ♀♀ 0.89–1.02 mm; mFL ♂♂ 3.49–4.72 mm, ♀♀ 4.2–5.09 mm; mFW ♂♂ 0.98–1.02 mm, ♀♀ 0.99–1.11 mm; hFL ♂♂ 6.99–10.03 mm, ♀♀ 8.1–10.28 mm; hFW ♂♂ 2.28–3.45 mm, ♀♀ 2.26–3.24 mm; OvL ♀♀ 1.38–2.11 mm; AnL/fFL ♂♂ 1.58–2.09, ♀♀ 1.55–1.71; VW ♂♂ 1.02–1.48 mm, ♀♀ 1.35–1.91 mm; EW ♂♂ 0.38–0.49 mm, ♀♀ 0.46–0.82 mm; VW/EW ♂♂ 2.21–2.52, ♀♀ 2.31–2.76; SW ♂♂ 0.31–0.37 mm, ♀♀ 0.32– 0.42 mm; AgW ♂♂ 0.19–0.34 mm, ♀♀ 0.29–0.41 mm; ScW ♂♂ 0.21–0.29 mm, ♀♀ 0.23–0.28 mm; SW/AgW ♂♂ 1.46–1.51, ♀♀ 1.41–1.56; SW/ScW ♂♂ 1.20–1.47, ♀♀ 1.21–1.35; As—L/W ♂♂ 2.41–3.1, ♀♀ 2.39–3.12; PrzW ♂♂ 3.35–3.59 mm, ♀&fema
Published as part of Skejo, Josip, Pushkar, Taras I., Kasalo, Niko, Pavlović, Marko, Deranja, Maks, Adžić, Karmela, Tan, Ming Kai, Rebrina, Fran, Muhammad, Amira Aqilah, Abdullah, Nurul Ashikin, Japir, Razy, Chung, Arthur Y. C. & Tumbrinck, Josef, 2022, Spiky pygmy devils: revision of the genus Discotettix (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) and synonymy of Discotettiginae with Scelimeninae, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 5217 (1) on pages 15-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5217.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7403418
{"references":["Serville, J. G. A. (1838) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Orthopteres. Roret, Paris, 776 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 95609","Stal, C. (1873) Recensio Orthopterorum. P. A. Norstedt and Soner, Stockholm, 152 pp.","Bolivar, I. (1887) Essai sur les Acridiens de la tribu des Tettigidae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 31, 175 - 313.","Rehn, J. A. G. (1904) Studies in the Orthopterous subfamilies Acrydiinae (Tettiginae), Eumastacinae and Proscopinae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 56, 658 - 683.","Hancock, J. L. (1907 a) Orthoptera Fam. Acridiidae. Subfam. Tetriginae. Genera Insectorum, 48, 1 - 79.","Hancock, J. L. (1907 b) Studies of the Tetriginae (Orthoptera) in the Oxford University Museum. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1907, 213 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1907. tb 01760. x","Kirby, W. F. (1910) A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera (Orthoptera Saltatoria, Locustidae vel Acridiidae). 3 (2). British Museum (Natural History), London, 674 pp.","Hancock, J. L. (1913) Studies of Tetriginae (Acrydinae) from Sarawak Museum, Borneo. The Sarawak Museum Journal, 1 (3), 39 - 54.","Willemse, C. J. M. (1930) Fauna Sumatrensis (Bijdrage Nr. 62). Preliminary revision of the Acrididae (Orthoptera). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 73, 1 - 210.","Gunther, K. (1938) Revision der Acrydiinae, I. Sectiones Tripetalocerae, Discotettigiae, Lophotettigiae, Cleostrateae, Bufonidae, Cladonotae, Scelimenae verae. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 23, 299 - 437.","Steinmann, H. (1970) Check-list of the Tetricidae (Orthoptera) of the Oriental faunal region. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 16, 215 - 240.","Blackith, R. E. (1992) Tetrigidae (Insecta; Orthoptera) of Southeast Asia: Annotated catalogue with partial translated keys and bibliography. Ashford, Wicklow, 248 pp.","Yin, X. - C., Shi, J. & Yin, Z. (1996) Synonymic Catalogue of Grasshoppers and their Allies of the World (Orthoptera: Caelifera). China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 1266 pp.","Otte, D. (1997) Tetrigoidea and Tridactyloidea (Orthoptera: Caelifera) and Addenda to OSF. Vols. 1 - 5. Orthoptera Species File, 6, 1 - 261.","Kocarek, P., Kuravova, K., Musiolek, D., Wahab, R. A. & Kahar, S. R. A. (2015) Synonymy of Discotettix adenanii Mahmood, Idris & Salmah, 2007 with D. belzebuth (Serville, 1838) (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Zootaxa, 4057 (2), 288 - 294. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4057.2.10","Kuravova, K., Wahab, R. A. & Kocarek, P. (2017) External morphology of the antennae and sense organs of the groundhopper Discotettix belzebuth (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae). Zoologisher Anzeiger, 266, 120 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2016.11.003","Tan, M. K. & Wahab, R. A. (2018) Preliminary study on the diversity of Orthoptera from Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre, Brunei Darussalam, Borneo. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 27 (2), 119 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / jor. 27.24152","Costa, A. (1864) Acquiste fatti durante l-anno 1862. Annuario del Museo zoologico della Universita di Napoli, 2, 8 - 94.","Mahmood, K., Idris, A. B. & Salmah, Y. (2007) Tetrigidae (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea) from Malaysia with the description of six new species. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 50 (12), 1272 - 1284.","De Haan, W. (1843) Bijgragen tot de kennis der Orthoptera. In: Temminck, D. (Ed.), Verhangelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlansche Overzeesche Bezittingen, de Leden der Natuurkundige Commissie in Indie en andere Schrijvers. s. n., Leiden, 165 - 228."]}

Discotettix scabridus, Insecta, Arthropoda, Discotettix, Animalia, Orthoptera, Tetrigidae, Biodiversity, and Taxonomy

Discotettix (Mnesarchus) scabridus (Stål, 1877) (Fig. 33) Vernacular name: Filipino Spiky Pygmy Devil Mnesarchus scabridus Stål, 1877: 55 [original description, type locality: the Philippines]; Casto de Elera 1895: 207. Discotettix scabrides: Hancock 1907a [lapsus calami]. Discotettix scabridus: Bolivar 1877: 307 [in revision]; Kirby 1910: 2 [listed in the catalog]; Günther 1938: 302 [in revision]; Yin et al. 1996: 866 [listed in the catalog]; Blackith 1992: 46 [listed in the catalog]; Otte 1997: 32 [listed in the catalog]. Discotettix (Mnesarchus) scabridus: Kevan 1966: 380 [new records]. This is the type species of the subgenus Mnesarchus and the only species presently assigned to this subgenus. The species diagnosis and the description may hence be used as subgeneric diagnosis and description of Mnesarchus. Type locality. The Philippines (without exact locality). Lectotype designation. The lectotype for this species is designated herewith, that being the female deposited in NHRS, under the inventory number NRM-ORTH 00112879, designated by J. Tumbrinck. The lectotype bears the red label ‘lectotypus’. Lectotype designation is important because of the future analysis of intraspecific differences among D. scabridus populations in Mindanao and other islands that could result in the discovery of new species or subspecies. Since Tetrigidae species are usually morphologically well-defined, the lectotype may provide a basis for the identification of the nominotypical and/or already described taxon. Material examined. Type material. LECTOTYPE (Fig. 33): ♀ Ins. Philipp. Collector: Semper, det. C. Stål, inventory number NRM-ORTH 00112879 (NHRS); labeled Mnesarchus scabridus; here designated. Additional museum material. 2♀♀ the Philippines, Mindanao, Zambaonga, date uknown, Collector: W. Schultze, det. K. Günther (SMTD); 1♂ Ins. Philipp. Collector: Semper, det. K. Günther (MFN); 1♀, 1♂ the Philippines, Mindanao, Pt. Bango, det. J. Tumbrinck (NHRS); 1♀ labeled ‘100.4115’ (MNCN) det. J. Skejo; 1♀ nymph, 2♂♂ the Philippines, Mindanao, Zambonga Del Norte, VIII.2020. Collector: Sandayong, det. J. Tumbrinck (ZMHU); 1♀, 1♂ the Philippines, Luzon, N-Luzon Island, Hueva, Belance, III.2014, det. J. Tumbrinck (ZMHU); Additional material from eBay. 3♀♀ the Philippines, Mindanao, Zambaonga del Sur, IX.2013. Collector: unknown (not in museum) (found on eBay on 18.VI.2016) det. J. Skejo; 2♂♂, 2♀♀ the Philippines: Samar Collector: unknown (not in museum) (found on eBay on 21.VII.2016) det. J. Skejo; 4♀♀ the Philippines: Mindanao: Bukidnon Collector: unknown (not in museum) (found on eBay on 04.VIII.2016) det. J. Skejo; 1♂ the Philippines: Mindanao: Davao Collector: unknown (not in museum) (found on eBay on 15.VIII.2016) det. J. Skejo; 3♀♀ the Philippines: Mindanao: Surigao unknown (not in museum) (found on eBay on 01.IX.2016) det. J. Skejo. Distribution. This species inhabits the Philippines, where it has been reported from the islands of Mindanao, Samar, and Luzon. Numerous records from Mindanao, while few from Luzon might indicate that the species has higher abundance in Mindanao. Subgeneric diagnosis of Mnesarchus and specific diagnosis of Discotettix scabridus . The species is morphologically very different from other Discotettix members and is thus assigned to its own subgenus, Mnesarchus. It can be easily separated from other species of the genus by the set of the following characters: (I) frontal costa bifurcates on the lower margin of the compound eyes (bifurcation is in the lower third of the compound eyes in D. aruanus sp. n., D. belzebuth, D. doriae, D. kirscheyi sp. n., D. selysi, and D. sumatrensis sp. n.), (II) FM present as a low tubercle (developed and elevated in D. aruanus sp. n., D. belzebuth, D. doriae, D. kirscheyi sp. n., D. selysi, and D. sumatrensis sp. n.), (III) MM laterally compressed and elevated (spine-like in D. belzebuth, triangular protrusions in D. sumatrensis sp. n., D. kirscheyi sp. n., while very low in D. aruanus sp. n., D. doriae and D. selysi), (IV) MML low and triangular, compressed elevations (spine-like in D. belzebuth, triangular protrusions in D. sumatrensis sp. n., similarly formed in D. selysi), (V) interscapular area triangular, with large concavity (similarly to D. selysi, and D. sumatrensis sp. n., almost parallel in D. belzebuth), (VI) lateral and humeral carinae strongly toothed (similar to D. belzebuth, granulated in D. selysi, and D. sumatrensis sp. n.), (VII) weak ML (almost absent in D. scabridus, while well visible in other species), (VIII) VL complex, with a few spines (in other species usually with one main spine, and a saw-like margin) and (IX) tegmen more elongated (TL/TW > 5) than in other species of the genus (TL/TW Redescription (Fig. 33). General features. Medium-sized flattened species (body 12.3–12.75 mm) (15–17 mm cited in the original description, but in this measurement, pronotum was probably included as well), relatively robust in dorsal view. The entire body finely granulated, rugose; pronotum wrinkled and with numerous small tubercles and medium-sized projections. Macropronotal form. Coloration. Body color from almost black, dark brown, and ferruginous brown to yellowish-brown. Pronotal protuberances usually colored in different colors (black, reddish, yellow, whitish) and often different in color from the rest of the pronotal surface. Antenna with pale colored joints between the antennomeres; scapus, pedicel, basal and medial segments dark brown, while subapical and apical even darker. Maxillary palpi dark brown, sometimes with even darker distal margins of the last segments. The visible part of the tegmen dark brown, without spots. Tibiae and tarsi with unclear pale colored rings. Head. In dorsal and frontal view, vertex 2.4–2.65 times as wide as the eye. Lateral carinae of the vertex granulated. Lateral ocelli situated at the level of the lower margin of the compound eye. In frontal view, frontal costa narrow, bifurcating a bit above the lateral ocelli into slightly divergent facial carinae forming a very narrow scutellum.Antennal groove slightly wider than the scutellum, situated just below the lower margin of the compound eye (Fig. 33C). Antenna 13-segmented (in male seems 12-segmented, because 13 th segment very small and not visible under an optical microscope, only under SEM): scapus (1 st antennomere) and pedicel (2 nd antennomere) massive; basal segments (3 rd to 6 th) elongated and circular in cross-section; central or subapical segments (7 th and 8 th) widened, weakly pennate, 7 th and 8 th antennal segments almost equal in width (2–2.4 times as long as wide); apical segment 9 th elongated, but much smaller than the subapical and much larger than the rest of the apical segments; apical segments 10 th to 13 th reduced, very small, and borders between them barely visible. Antennomeres 3 rd to 9 th bear weak saw-like margins (weaker than in the other species of the genus), because of the presence of large basiconic sensilla. Antennomeres of D. scabridus are less significantly widened than in other species of the genus and less saw-like in appearance, supposedly because of fewer or smaller basiconic sensilla. Pronotum. Pronotum wrinkled and granulated, covered in numerous small tubercles, medium-sized and large triangular protuberances. The posterior process of the pronotum slender, surpassing the hind knee for about half the length of the hind femur (macropronotal form). Disc of the pronotum a bit depressed behind the well-developed shoulder, gradually descending backward. Pronotum with 5 unpaired projections of variable size on the medial carina (FM, PM and 3 MMs), three pairs of FLs, two pairs of more or less distinguished PMLs, and two of MMLs; three pairs of lateral and a pair of VL (well visible in profile). Anterior margin of the pronotum truncated, with small FM directed upwards. FM considerably lower than in the other species of the genus. Prozonal carina elevated and decurved caudad in the direction of the median carina, in females projected anteriorly as a small dentiform FL1. Extralateral carinae distinct in males, saw- or fan-like and elevated along the entire length much more than the prozonal carina, surpassing the anterior margin of the pronotum as a dentiform FL2. FL3 weak, but distinct. Prozona of variable length, from subsquare to wider than long, but still very short when compared to other species of the genus. Behind the FM median carina extended along the whole length of pronotum. PM larger than FM, and MM1 larger than PM1. MM2 medium-sized in males or small in females. MM3 lies in the middle of pronotum length, in females as large as PM, while in males smaller. MM4 small and indistinct. PML1 and PML2 very small. MML1 small, situated between the shoulders. MML2 large. MML3 very small, better visible in females than in males. MML4 almost indistinct in both sexes. PL1 and PL2 small and triangular tubercles between the sulci on the line joining the extralateral carinae and the humero-apical carinae. ML reduced, almost absent. The apex of the posterior pronotal process very narrow, and rounded; in females weakly excised. The posterior part of the pronotal process (about a fifth of the pronotum length) directed slightly upwards or in the level of the rest of the pronotum. The lower part of the lateral lobe with serrate margins (2–3 larger teeth on the posterior margin, and numerous smaller teeth on the anterior margin), elongated as strong spine-like VL directed outwards and slightly forwards (Fig. 33A, B, D, E). Wings. The visible part of the tegmen shaped quite elongated oval, lower side slightly curved. The tegmen is not always visible. Based on the photographs, it is hard to say whether tegmina are visible or not, in both sexes they can be noticed only after careful examination under the stereomicroscope. Hind wing present, visible under pronotum, not reaching the apex of the pronotum. Legs. Femora robust and compressed laterally. Dorsal and ventral margins of the fore and the mid femora roughly serrate, with genicular tooth on knees, and additionally with 1–3 strongly projected teeth on each margin. Teeth of ventral margin projected outwards and downwards. Hind femur with small teeth on the dorsal and ventral margins; one large tooth projected outwards situated on the ventro-external carina. Genicular and antegenicular teeth small, but recognizable. Both sides of the dorsal margins of the hind tibia finely serrated, additionally with 5–8 outer and 2–4 inner bit larger teeth. The first tarsal segment of the hind leg slightly longer than the third segment. Abdominal apex. Ovipositor elongated. Measurements. BL ♂ 10.56 mm, ♀♀ 12.31–12.74 mm; PnL ♂ 14.99 mm, ♀♀ 15.48–16.52 mm; PnW ♂ 8.16 mm, ♀♀ 7.99–8.95 mm; AnL ♂ 5.08 mm, ♀♀ 6.89–7.01 mm; TL ♂ 2.49 mm, ♀♀ 2.51–2.7 mm; TW ♂ 0.49 mm, ♀♀ 0.47–0.52 mm; fFL ♂ 3.45 mm, ♀♀ 3.86–4.01 mm; fFW ♂ 0.84 mm, ♀♀ 0.68–0.77 mm; mFL ♂ 3.52 mm, ♀♀ 3.42–3.93 mm; mFW ♂ 0.84 mm, ♀♀ 0.76–1.01 mm; hFL ♂ 6.69 mm, ♀♀ 7.39–7.91 mm; hFW ♂ 2.05 mm, ♀♀ 2.16–2.22 mm; OvL ♀♀ 1.39–1.55 mm; AnL/fFL ♂ 1.48, ♀♀ 1.68–1.72; VW ♂ 0.93 mm, ♀♀ 1.11–1.18 mm; EW ♂ 0.49 mm, ♀♀ 0.42–0.49 mm; VW/EW ♂ 1.9, ♀♀ 2.51–2.65 mm; SW ♂ 0.22 mm, ♀♀ 0.19–0.23 mm; AgW ♂ 0.39 mm, ♀♀ 0.31–0.36 mm; ScW ♂ 0.25 mm, ♀♀ 0.18–0.21 mm; SW/AgW ♂ 0.64, ♀♀ 0.51–0.7; SW/ScW ♂ 1.48, ♀♀ 0.96–1.02; As—L/W ♂ 2.41, ♀♀ 2.06–2.11; PrzW ♂ 3.25 mm, ♀♀ 3.18–3.24 mm; PrzL ♂ 2.41 mm, ♀♀ 1.34–1.74 mm; Prz—W/L ♂ 1.35, ♀♀ 1.84–2.41; TL/TW ♂ 5.08, ♀♀ 4.68–5.71; mFW/TW ♂ 1.75, ♀♀ 0.47– 0.51; fFL/fFW ♂ 4.01, ♀♀ 5.18–5.34; mFL/mFW ♂ 4.09, ♀♀ 3.88–3.91; hFL/hFW ♂ 3.26, ♀♀ 3.49–3.66; T1L/ T3L ♂ 1.14, ♀♀ 1.22–1.31.
Published as part of Skejo, Josip, Pushkar, Taras I., Kasalo, Niko, Pavlović, Marko, Deranja, Maks, Adžić, Karmela, Tan, Ming Kai, Rebrina, Fran, Muhammad, Amira Aqilah, Abdullah, Nurul Ashikin, Japir, Razy, Chung, Arthur Y. C. & Tumbrinck, Josef, 2022, Spiky pygmy devils: revision of the genus Discotettix (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) and synonymy of Discotettiginae with Scelimeninae, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 5217 (1) on pages 49-52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5217.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7403418
{"references":["Stal, C. (1877) Orthoptera nova ex Insulis Philippinis descripsit. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlinger, 34 (10), 33 - 58.","Casto de Elera, R. P. F. (1895) Ortopteros. Catalogo sistematico de toda la fauna de Filipinas. Monograph, 2, 189 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58548","Hancock, J. L. (1907 a) Orthoptera Fam. Acridiidae. Subfam. Tetriginae. Genera Insectorum, 48, 1 - 79.","Kirby, W. F. (1910) A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera (Orthoptera Saltatoria, Locustidae vel Acridiidae). 3 (2). British Museum (Natural History), London, 674 pp.","Gunther, K. (1938) Revision der Acrydiinae, I. Sectiones Tripetalocerae, Discotettigiae, Lophotettigiae, Cleostrateae, Bufonidae, Cladonotae, Scelimenae verae. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 23, 299 - 437.","Yin, X. - C., Shi, J. & Yin, Z. (1996) Synonymic Catalogue of Grasshoppers and their Allies of the World (Orthoptera: Caelifera). China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 1266 pp.","Blackith, R. E. (1992) Tetrigidae (Insecta; Orthoptera) of Southeast Asia: Annotated catalogue with partial translated keys and bibliography. Ashford, Wicklow, 248 pp.","Otte, D. (1997) Tetrigoidea and Tridactyloidea (Orthoptera: Caelifera) and Addenda to OSF. Vols. 1 - 5. Orthoptera Species File, 6, 1 - 261.","Kevan, D. K. (1966) Some Orthoptera-Caelifera from the Philippine, Bismarck and Solomon Islands, with a few interesting records from New Guinea and the Moluccas. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 34, 375 - 420."]}

Insecta, Arthropoda, Discotettix, Animalia, Orthoptera, Tetrigidae, Biodiversity, and Taxonomy

Genus Discotettix Costa, 1864 Discotettix: Costa 1864: 59; Bolívar 1887: 306; Rehn 1904: 670; Hancock 1907a: 6; Hancock 1907b: 213; Kirby 1910: 2; Willemse 1930: 7; Steinmann 1970: 216; Blackith 1992: 46; Yin et al. 1996: 866; Otte 1997: 32; Mahmood et al. 2007: 1275; Kočárek et al. 2015: 288–294. Mnesarchus Stål, 1877: 55; synonymized with Discotettix by Bolívar (1887). Type species: Discotettix armatus Costa, 1864, by original monotypy, a junior synonym of Discotettix belzebuth (Serville, 1838). Nomenclatural note. Many authors recently treat tettix as a noun originally of feminine gender. It is incorrect, as in all the Ancient Greek dictionaries the noun “ tettix, tettigos or tettikos, ho ” is of masculine gender. The word “ tetrix, tetrigos, he ” is however of feminine gender in Ancient Greek. Latreille (1802) introduced the name Tetrix (vernacular tétrix), but did not explain why he used the Ancient Greek name of a bird (tetrix is the Ancient Greek name of the Pipit, still present in the name of the Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix). Since then, the name Grouse Locust has been coined in the US, while the vernacular name pygmy grasshoppers has become more widely used. Even if Latreille did not want to relate pygmy grasshoppers to the bird and randomly invented the word “ tetrix ”, he used the word as feminine gender, which has to be followed (ICZN 1999, Art. 30.1.4.2). Tettix is a masculine Ancient Greek word for grasshopper, introduced by Berthold (1827) as an (unjustified) emendation of Latreille’s name. The epitheta of all the Tetrigidae species whose genus is coined out from the word tettix should be in the grammatic masculine gender. Diagnosis. The genus can be distinguished from all the other genera by the following set of characters: (I) frontal costa bifurcates between the lower third of the compound eye height (bifurcates below the lower third in other Discotettigini), (II) scutellum narrower than scapus (of the same width or wider in Gavialidium, Paragavialidium, and Tegotettix), (III) antenna 13-segmented (15-segmented in Gavialidium, Paragavialidium, and Tegotettix), (IV) subapical antennal segments widened (filiform in most of Discotettigini), (V) margins of the antenna saw-like (smooth in most of other Discotettigini). Comparison to former Discotettiginae genera. Among the former Discotettiginae genera (see Skejo 2017) the genus is similar to Kraengia and certain members of the genus Hirrius, i.e., H. montanus Günther, 1937 and H. sarasinorum Günther, 1937 from Sulawesi. Discotettix is similar to Kraengia in the general arrangement of pronotal protuberances (FM, FLs, MM, ML). However, in Discotettix the lower part of the lateral pronotal lobe is directed outwards forming a spine-like VL projection, while in Kraengia the lower part of the lateral pronotal lobe has a truncated margin. ML is more or less distinct in Discotettix species, while fully reduced in Kraengia, the humeral angle being obtuse. Additionally, Discotettix can be distinguished from Kraengia by the following set of characters: (1) 13 antennal segments (11 in Kraengia), (2) large body size (more than 11 mm in Discotettix, less than 9 mm in Kraengia), (3) presence of tegmen and wing in all Discotettix species (Kraengia is wingless), and (4) distinct prozona with carinae (in Kraengia prozona is very short and carinae are usually not distinct). Discotettix can be distinguished from Hirrius montanus and H. sarasinorum by the following characteristics: (1) dorsal surface of the pronotum with protuberances and projections (in Hirrius the pronotum is almost flat, medial, mediolateral, and lateral projections are considerably reduced in size, hump-like or fully absent); (2) the lower part of the lateral lobe of the pronotum forms a sharp spine-like or saw-like VL projection (VL spine wanting or weak in Hirrius); (3) tegmen and wing visible (not visible in Hirrius). Comparison to similar Scelimeninae: Discotettigini genera. The genus is morphologically similar to other Discotettigini genera, especially winged Bidentatettix, Disconius gen. n., Gavialidium, Eufalconius, Paragavialidium, and Tegotettix. Of all the mentioned genera, Discotettix is most similar to Disconius. From all the genera except for the Disconius, Discotettix can be easily distinguished by the widened antennomeres, while from Disconius it can be distinguished by the visible FM (reduced in Disconius), by tuberculated median carina (continuous in Disconius) and by strong FLs (almost absent in Disconius). Redescription of the genus Discotettix General features. Medium and large sized species, robust in appearance. All the surfaces rough and granulated, rugose; pronotal disc wrinkled with numerous small tubercles and protuberances of different sizes and shapes. Macropronotal. Coloration. Body color dark brown, ferruginous brown, or with brighter tints of brown; pronotal projections darker or differently colored than the rest (e.g., reddish or yellowish). Antenna black or dark brown, sometimes with pale-colored joints between the segments or with yellowish apical segments. Maxillary palpi dark brown, sometimes with darker distal margins of the last segment, or black with pale-colored joints between the segments. The visible part of the tegmen dark brown without spots. Legs dark brown except more or less distinct pale rings on tibia and tarsi and whitish 1 st tarsal pads. Head. Head not elevated above the pronotum in lateral view. In dorsal view, the fastigium of the vertex considerably broader than a compound eye; the anterior margin of the fastigium truncated, widely excised, with protruded medial carina of the vertex, reaching not far from the anterior margin of a compound eye. In frontal view, the vertex slightly concave, indrawn from the considerably raised lateral carinae on the level of the upper margin of a compound eye; the medial carina of the vertex distinct in the anterior part of the vertex. Fossula present. Supraocular lobe absent. Lateral ocelli at the level of lower margin or between the compound eyes. Median ocellus far below the level of the lower margin of a compound eye, just between the facial carinae in the place where they end. Antennal groove just above the median ocellus, below or on the level of the lower margin of a compound eye. Frontal costa narrow, with the bifurcation a bit above or between the lateral ocelli. Frontal costa bifurcates into slightly divergent facial carinae forming a narrow scutellum, in lateral view with two concavities: the first large between the lateral ocelli and the second smaller below the antennal grooves. Maxillary palpi flattened. Compound eye in frontal view subglobular, in lateral and dorsal view drop-like, not protruding above the pronotum in lateral view. The occipital area between the eye and the anterior margin of the pronotum narrow, partly visible (more often not) from above (Fig. 5C). Antenna 13-segmented (but in male looks like 12-segmented, because 13 th segment very small and not visible under an optical microscope, only under SEM). Antennal segments as follows: 1 st massive scapus; 2 nd large pedicel; 3 th to 6 th basal elongated antennomeres; 7 th and 8 th central or subapical antennomeres, widened; apical 9 th small; 10 th to 13 th apical segments small, very reduced in comparison to others (Fig. 1). Pronotum. Pronotum wrinkled and granulated, covered by numerous small tubercles and larger projections. Posterior process of the pronotum slender, surpassing the hind knee for about a half of the hind femur length or more (macropronotal); covering the whole abdomen. Disc of pronotum: 1) more or less depressed behind the well-developed shoulder and gradually descending backward, or 2) almost at the same level along all length, without distinct depression behind the shoulder, and not descending backward. General arrangement of pronotal disc projections: pronotum with 4–7 unpaired projections of variable size on the medial carinae (FM and 3–6 medial projections); 1–3 pairs of FL projections; 1–7 pairs of more or less distinguished mediolateral projections; 1–3 pairs of lateral and a pair of more or less distinct VL (better seen in profile). In some species, some of the projections lacking or reduced. Prozona subsquare or wider than long (not taking into account FM). Anterior margin of pronotum truncated or projected, with a small or a large FM directed mainly upwards or forwards, sometimes covering a part of or the whole vertex. Prozonal and extralateral carinae in the prozona distinct, more or less elevated, surpassing the anterior margin of the pronotum as dentiform FL1 and FL2, where FL2 more distinct. FL3 dentiform, small and weak, sometimes indistinct. Median carina behind FM extended along the whole length of the pronotum, with 3–6 unpaired medial projections 4 of variable size, more or less distinct (seen very well in profile). PM small and triangular. MM1 large and triangular. MM2, MM3, and MM4 decreasing in size towards the apex of the pronotum (sometimes MM3 and MM4 reduced). MM5 present only in a few specimens of D. belzebuth. Usually, 1–7 pairs of the mediolateral projections increase in size towards MML1 (largest) and then decrease towards the tip of the pronotum (PML1 < PML2 < MML1 > MML2 > MML2 > MML4 > MML5). PML1 more or less distinct; PML2 distinct; MML1 small; MML2 large; MML3, MML4, and MML5 small, decreasing caudad (sometimes 1–3 of these posterior projections reduced). PL1 and PL2 small and triangular. ML more or less sharp, usually projected outwards. Interhumeral carinae indistinct, weak. External lateral carinae raised upwards above the base of the tegmen, in the posterior half smooth, not reaching the apex of the pronotum. Internal lateral carinae smooth, weak, usually indistinct. The infrascapular area triangular, as wide as the mid femur, fused to the lateral area. Lateral area narrower than the infrascapular and running towards the apex of the pronotum. The apex of the posterior pronotal process in the dorsal view shallowly excised or rounded. Hind margin of the pronotal lateral lobe bisinuate, ventral sinus deep, tegminal sinus small. The lower part of the lateral lobe with serrate anterior and posterior margins. VL elongated as spine-like, directed strongly outwards, sometimes forward or even slightly backward, but never downward (Figs 2, 5A, B). 4 The description of medial, mediolateral and lateral projections is given in the order from the anterior to the posterior part of the body. Wings. The visible part of the tegmen oval and elongated. Hind wing with scalloped inner margin, usually shorter than the pronotal process, not reaching its apex. Legs. Femora robust, compressed laterally; with smooth or rough surface; dorsal and ventral margins finely or roughly serrate (Fig. 29B); genicular teeth visible on the knees; additional one to three teeth present on each margin. Fore and mid tarsi with distal segments longer than the proximal ones. Both sides of the upper margin of the hind femur finely serrated with distinct or indistinct lappets. Lateral area of the hind femur bears weak carinae with net-like elevations and outgrowths, especially on the ventro-external carina. Genicular teeth equal to or larger than the antegenicular. Hind tibia in dorsal view very slightly widened in basal and apical part. Both sides of the dorsal margin of the hind tibia finely serrated, usually with a few outer and large inner teeth. 1 st tarsal segment of the hind leg longer than 3 rd (without claws); 1 st and 2 nd basal pads of 1 st tarsal segment short and triangular, 3 rd (apical) elongated (Fig. 1). Abdominal apex. Male subgenital plate in ventral view triangular, longer than wide (Fig. 31A, B). Female subgenital plate in ventral view subsquare. Ovipositor elongated or robust. Valves of the ovipositor narrow, serrate (Fig. 31C, D). Epiproct in females as long as wide near the base, apex pointed. Cerci conical with narrowly rounded apex. Composition and classification. The genus Discotettix is divided into two subgenera: (1) nominotypical Discotettix (type species D. armatus = D. belzebuth) characterized by a long FM projected over the vertex; and (2) Mnesarchus Stål, 1877 stat. resurr. (type species Mnesarchus scabridus = Discotettix scabridus) characterized by a minute FM, not projected over the vertex. The subgenus Discotettix includes six species. One species formerly assigned to Discotettix, that is D. shelfordi, has been transferred to a new genus, Disconius Skejo, Pushkar et Tumbrinck gen. n. The distribution of all the species is presented in Fig. 3. The annotated checklist of Discotettix species 1) Discotettix (Discotettix) aruanus Skejo, Pushkar et Tumbrinck sp. n. [Aru: Tanahbesar], 2) Discotettix (Discotettix) belzebuth (Serville, 1838) [Borneo, Java (?)], 3) Discotettix (Discotettix) doriae Bolívar, 1898 stat. resurr. [Mentawai: Sipora], 4) Discotettix (Discotettix) kirscheyi Skejo, Pushkar, Tumbrinck et Tan sp. n. [Northeastern Borneo], 5) Discotettix (Discotettix) selysi Bolívar, 1887 [Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra], 6) Discotettix (Discotettix) sumatrensis Skejo, Pushkar et Tumbrinck sp. n. [Southern Sumatra], 7) Discotettix (Mnesarchus) scabridus (Stål, 1877) [Philippines: Mindanao, Samar]. A key for the identification of Discotettix subgenera and species (Fig. 4) 1A) FM not projected above the vertex in lateral view (red arrow in Fig. 4). Shoulders unarmed. (Subgenus Mnesarchus). The Philippines.............................................................................. D. (M.) scabridus 1B) FM projected above the vertex in lateral view (red arrow in Fig. 4). Shoulders armed with ML. (Subgenus Discotettix)..... 2 2A) Dorsum of the pronotum with high projections, as high or almost as high as the FM (compare the grey line in Fig. 4)....... 3 2B) Dorsum of the pronotum flattened, usually no projection higher than the FM (gray line in Fig. 4, exception is D. doriae where FM is reduced)....................................................................................... 5 3A) FM small (red arrow in Fig. 4). Dorsum of the pronotum with triangular projections (blue arrows in Fig. 4). Widest antennomere 8 th. NE Borneo..................................................................... D. (D.) kirscheyi sp. n. 3B) FM large (red arrow in Fig. 4)........................................................................... 4 4A) Dorsum of the pronotum with high spikes (blue arrows in Fig. 4). Widest antennomere 8 th. Borneo........ D. (D.) belzebuth 4B) Dorsum of the pronotum with triangular projections (blue arrows in Fig. 4). Widest antennomere 7 th. Sumatra............................................................................................ D. (D.) sumatrensis sp. n. 5A) FM small, not exceeding the head (red arrow in Fig. 4). Mentawai Isl.................................. D. (D. ) doriae 5B) FM large, directed more upwards than forwards, usually not exceeding the head (red arrow in Fig. 4)................... 6 6A) Larger species, pronotum length more than 20 mm in females. PM and MM1 lower and more oblique. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia.................................................................................. D. (D.) selysi 6B) Smaller species, pronotum length less than 17 mm in females. PM and MM1 elevated and more triangular. Aru Isl............................................................................................ D. ( D.) aruanus sp. n.
Published as part of Skejo, Josip, Pushkar, Taras I., Kasalo, Niko, Pavlović, Marko, Deranja, Maks, Adžić, Karmela, Tan, Ming Kai, Rebrina, Fran, Muhammad, Amira Aqilah, Abdullah, Nurul Ashikin, Japir, Razy, Chung, Arthur Y. C. & Tumbrinck, Josef, 2022, Spiky pygmy devils: revision of the genus Discotettix (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) and synonymy of Discotettiginae with Scelimeninae, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 5217 (1) on pages 11-15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5217.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7403418
{"references":["Costa, A. (1864) Acquiste fatti durante l-anno 1862. Annuario del Museo zoologico della Universita di Napoli, 2, 8 - 94.","Bolivar, I. (1887) Essai sur les Acridiens de la tribu des Tettigidae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 31, 175 - 313.","Rehn, J. A. G. (1904) Studies in the Orthopterous subfamilies Acrydiinae (Tettiginae), Eumastacinae and Proscopinae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 56, 658 - 683.","Hancock, J. L. (1907 a) Orthoptera Fam. Acridiidae. Subfam. Tetriginae. Genera Insectorum, 48, 1 - 79.","Hancock, J. L. (1907 b) Studies of the Tetriginae (Orthoptera) in the Oxford University Museum. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1907, 213 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1907. tb 01760. x","Kirby, W. F. (1910) A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera (Orthoptera Saltatoria, Locustidae vel Acridiidae). 3 (2). British Museum (Natural History), London, 674 pp.","Willemse, C. J. M. (1930) Fauna Sumatrensis (Bijdrage Nr. 62). Preliminary revision of the Acrididae (Orthoptera). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 73, 1 - 210.","Steinmann, H. (1970) Check-list of the Tetricidae (Orthoptera) of the Oriental faunal region. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 16, 215 - 240.","Blackith, R. E. (1992) Tetrigidae (Insecta; Orthoptera) of Southeast Asia: Annotated catalogue with partial translated keys and bibliography. Ashford, Wicklow, 248 pp.","Yin, X. - C., Shi, J. & Yin, Z. (1996) Synonymic Catalogue of Grasshoppers and their Allies of the World (Orthoptera: Caelifera). China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 1266 pp.","Otte, D. (1997) Tetrigoidea and Tridactyloidea (Orthoptera: Caelifera) and Addenda to OSF. Vols. 1 - 5. Orthoptera Species File, 6, 1 - 261.","Mahmood, K., Idris, A. B. & Salmah, Y. (2007) Tetrigidae (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea) from Malaysia with the description of six new species. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 50 (12), 1272 - 1284.","Kocarek, P., Kuravova, K., Musiolek, D., Wahab, R. A. & Kahar, S. R. A. (2015) Synonymy of Discotettix adenanii Mahmood, Idris & Salmah, 2007 with D. belzebuth (Serville, 1838) (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Zootaxa, 4057 (2), 288 - 294. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4057.2.10","Stal, C. (1877) Orthoptera nova ex Insulis Philippinis descripsit. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlinger, 34 (10), 33 - 58.","Serville, J. G. A. (1838) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Orthopteres. Roret, Paris, 776 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 95609","Latreille, P. A. (1802) Histoire Naturelle, generale et particuliere, des Crustaces et des Insectes. Vol. 3. De L'imprimerie de F.","ICZN [International Commision on Zoological Nomenclature] (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 50608","Berthold, A. A. (1827) Latreille's Naturliche Familien des Thierreichs, aus dem Franzosischen mit Anmerkungen und Zusatzen. Verlage des Gr. H. S. priv. Landes-Industrie-Compositoirs, Weimar, VIII + 602 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11652","Gunther, K. (1937) Orthoptera celebica sarasiniana, Fam. Acrididae, Subfam. Acrydiinae. Treubia, 16, 165 - 195.","Bolivar, I. (1898) Contributions a l'etude des Acridiens especes de la Faune indo et austro-malaisienne du Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 39, 66 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 9541"]}

Insecta, Trigonidiidae, Cranistus, Arthropoda, Animalia, Orthoptera, Cranistus colliurides, Biodiversity, and Taxonomy

76. Cranistus colliurides Stål, 1861 (Fig. 65) — i) calling song, 6.3 kHz ± 0.37 (5.8–6.7, n = 11); trill with 51.7 P/s ± 3.44 (46–57, n = 11); 26.1ºC ± 0.68 (25–27, n = 11) (Fig. 140); ii) State of Rio Grande do Sul, municipality of Capão do Leão; iii) present paper; Martins et al. (2012), Zefa et al. (2013), Centeno et al. (2020).
Published as part of Zefa, Edison, Martins, Luciano De Pinho, Demari, Christian Peter, Acosta, Riuler Corrêa, Centeno, Elliott, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De, Miyoshi, Akio Ronaldo, Fianco, Marcos, Redü, Darlan Rutz, Timm, Vitor Falchi, Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da & Szinwelski, Neucir, 2022, Singing crickets from Brazil (Orthoptera: Gryllidea), an illustrated checklist with access to the sounds produced, pp. 211-237 in Zootaxa 5209 (2) on page 228, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7325966
{"references":["Martins, L. P., Redu, D. R., Oliveira, G. L. & Zefa, E. (2012) Recognition characters and new records of two species of Phylloscyrtini (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Trigonidiinae) from southern Brazil. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 102, 95 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212012000100013","Zefa, E., Oliveira, G. L., Redu, D. R. & Martins, L. P. (2013) Calling song of two sympatric species of cricket Phylloscyrtini (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Tettigoniidae). Ethology Ecology & Evolution, 1, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03949370.2012.685764","Centeno, E., Calixto, E. S. & Zefa, E. (2020) Acoustic repertoire of the sword-tail cricket Cranistus colliurides Stal, 1861 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea, Trigonidiidae: Phylloscyrtini). Bioacoustics, 30 (6), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09524622.2020.1838325"]}

Hemiptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Animalia, Biodiversity, Miridae, Cassisotropis, and Taxonomy

Genus: Cassisotropis Taszakowski et al. gen. nov. Type species: Cassisotropis aciformis Taszakowski et al. sp. nov., here designated. Diagnosis. Cassisotropis is recognized within Cylapinae by the following set of features: head, pronotum, thoracic pleura, mesoscutum, scutellum and abdomen with net-like sculpturing created by microsetae (Figs 2B–F); head and anterior part of pronotum with several long, erect, cylindrical, regularly distributed, apically serrate bristles (Figs 2A–E); head with indistinct tubercles on vertex and frons (Figs 2B–E); clypeus with moderately developed longitudinal keel medially (Fig. 2C, D); pronotal collar separated from remainder of pronotum by weakly developed sulcus (Figs 1A, B, Fig. 2B); calli upraised and conical (Figs 1C, D, Figs 2A, B); posterior lobe with relatively small, weakly raised tubercles, each situated mediolaterally, bordering posterior margin (Fig. 2B); metepisternal scent gland evaporative areas triangular (Fig. 2F); embolium wide (Figs 1A, B); tarsus two-segmented, tarsomere II not divided (Fig. 2H); aedeagus with theca strongly sclerotized with sail-like process subapically (Fig. 3C); sclerotized part of ductus seminis inside endosoma long, its apex reaching subapical portion of endosoma (Fig. 3D); endosoma with long, needle-like spicule (Fig. 3D); left paramere sensory lobe with strongly developed protuberance (Fig. 3F); first and second valvulae (gonapophyses 8 and 9) sharply pointed, not serrate apically (Figs 4H, I); first valvulae connected by membranous structure (Figs 4A, G). Description. Male. Macropterous. TEXTURE AND VESTITURE. Dorsum covered with sparse, short, irregularly distributed setae (Figs 1A, 2B–D). Head, pronotum, thoracic pleura, mesoscutum, scutellum, and abdomen with net-like sculpturation based on microsetae (Figs 2B–D). Head. Vertex, frons, and clypeus with several long, erect, cylindrical, regularly distributed, apically serrate bristles (Figs 2A–D); antennal segment I almost glabrous on basal one-third, covered with sparse semirecumbent setae; antennal segment II covered with setae similar to those on segment I but denser; segments III and IV missing in holotype (Figs 2A–D). Thorax. Pronotum. With four pairs of long, erect, cylindrical, regularly distributed, apically serrate bristles that are placed on pronotal calli, humeral angles, anterior portion of lateral margin and anterior part of pronotal calli (Figs 2B, D). Thoracic pleura. Clothed with sparse, short setae. Legs. Coxae and femora covered with fine, recumbent, rather short setae; tibiae and tarsi with relatively dense, stiff, semirecumbent setae, tibiae also with small black spinules organized in several straight and regular rows (Figs 2A, B). Abdomen. Clothed with relatively dense, moderately long semirecumbent setae (Fig. 2A). STRUCTURE. Body elongate oval (Fig. 1A). Head. Elongated horizontally (Figs 1A, C); vertex and frons with indistinct shallow longitudinal sulcus medially; vertex not carinate posteriorly with two indistinct small contiguous tubercles on medial portion of lateral margin; frons with two pairs of indistinct small tubercles bordering sides of medial longitudinal furrow (Figs 2B–D); clypeus with moderately developed medial rib along entire length, clypeal base situated above antennal insertions and ventral margin of eye (Figs 2C, D); antennal insertion contiguous with sulcus between maxillary and mandibular plates (Figs 2C, D); eye relatively large, reniform, its ventral margin reaching gula; mandibular plate without sulcus posteriorly (Fig 2D); antennal segment I mostly cylindrical, somewhat narrowed basally (Fig. 2D); segment II cylindrical, relatively stout, as thick as segment I (Fig. 2A); labium thin and long, reaching beyond metacoxae; segment I reaching xyphus, subdivided near medial part (Fig. 2A); segment II subdivided subapically. Thorax. Pronotum. Trapezoid, rather short; collar flattened, relatively broad, separated from remainder of pronotum by weakly developed, shallow sulcus; anterior lobe with small pit between calli; calli well developed, upraised, conical, sharply pointed; remainder of anterior lobe sloping toward lateral margin; lateral margin strongly carinate; humeral angle broad; posterior lobe with relatively small, weakly raised tubercles, each situated mediolaterally, bordering posterior margin (Fig. 2B). Scutellum. Somewhat convex medially (Fig. 2B). Thoracic pleura. Mesepimeral spiracle slit-like; scent gland evaporative area triangular, occupying entire ventral portion of metepisternum; metepimeron narrow, carinate posteriorly. Hemelytron. Claval commissure as long as scutellum; embolium broad; membrane with both cells well developed, major cell relatively short, its apex not reaching beyond apex of cuneus (Fig. 1A). Legs. Tarsus two-segmented; tarsomere I about two times shorter than tarsomere II; tarsomere II not subdivided (Fig. 2H); pretarsal structure with the well-developed middle row of tiles on the unguitractor plate; pretarsal claw with well-developed subapical claw tooth (Fig. 2I). Abdomen. Genitalia. Pygophore trapezoid, its dorsal wall as long as ventral wall, aperture terminated posteriorly (Figs 2G, 3A, B); aedeagus elongated; theca strongly sclerotized with relatively large sail-like process placed at right hand side subapically; ductus seminis moderately long and thin; distal, sclerotized part of ductus seminis inside endosoma relatively thick, long, apex reaching subapical portion of endosoma, weakly curved, mostly cylindrical, broadened and irregularly shaped; secondary gonopore undifferentiated; endosoma weakly membranous with relatively long, needle-like sclerite originating from membranous oval lobe placed apically of endosoma (Figs 3C, D); left paramere stout, C-shaped, apical process moderately long, straight, weakly tapering in lateral view, paramere body with small keel dorsally on area adjacent to apical process, sensory lobe with massive, long protuberance (Figs 3E–G); right paramere relatively thin, C-shaped, apical process relatively long and thick in lateral view, sensory lobe weakly developed, round (Figs 3H, I). Female. Similar to male in texture, vestiture, and structure (Figs 1B, D). Head. Antennal segment II thinner than segment I, covered with sparse semirecumbent setae (Figs 1B, D). Abdomen. Genitalia. Genital chamber (or bursa copulatrix) semicircular, mostly membranous, rather thin, not reaching laterally beyond rami of first valvulae (ra1, g8ra), sclerotized rings large (sr), paired, each occupying lateral one-third of genital chamber, ovoid, weakly rimmed (Figs 4A–C, E); lateral oviducts (odl) not contiguous with each other, their apical part reaching weakly beyond lateral margin of genital chamber, dorsal sac (ds) (sensu Pluot-Sigwalt & Matocq 2017) present, weakly developed, membranous, semiovoid, spermathecal gland (sgl) originating from posterior part of dorsal sac (Figs 4B–D); posterior wall of genital chamber with interramal sclerite (irs) strongly sclerotized, triangular (Fig. 4F); vestibulum without any sclerite around vulva; first and second valvulae (gonapophyses 8 and 9) (va1, gp8) with apex sharpened and not serrate (Figs 4H, I); first valvulae (gonapophysis 8) connected by membrane (m) (Figs 4A, G). Etymology. This genus is dedicated to Dr. Gerasimos Cassis in recognition of his great contribution to the study of the Heteroptera. The name is the combination of Cassis (Dr Gerasimos Cassis) and the Greek noun tropis, meaning keel (in reference to the genus Peritropis). The gender is feminine. Remarks. Cassisotropis and Infernotropis possess the characters presented by Gorczyca (2000) as diagnostic for Fulviini, i.e., the porrect head, antenna shorter than body length, with the segment II longest, labium thin, long, reaching at least beyond metafemora, forecoxae and forefemora enlarged. They also have a set of characters that are commonly found in the tribe in its current concept, such as: labial segments I and II subdivided; clypeal base situated above antennal insertions and ventral margin of eye; antennal insertion contiguous with sulcus between maxillary and mandibular plates; eye enlarged, reniform, its ventral margin reaching gula; mandibular plate without sulcus posteriorly; the genital capsule with the dorsal wall long, only weakly shorter than ventral wall, genital opening terminal in orientation; bursa copulatrix relatively thin, not reaching laterally beyond rami of the first valvulae (Wolski & Henry 2012, 2015; Wolski et al. 2017; Namyatova & Cassis 2019, 2021, 2022; Wolski 2021). Therefore, both genera are here included in the tribe Fulviini. Cassisotropis is similar and likely closely related to a group of fulviine genera having the dorsal surface verrucose or with net-like sculpturation based on tuberculate microsetae as noted among others in Peritropis Uhler, 1891 (Gorczyca & Wolski 2007: Fig. 9; Wolski & Henry 2012: Figs 27–32), species belonging to the anthocoroides group of the genus Fulvius Stål, 1862 (Pluot-Sigwalt & Chérot 2013), genera Euchilofulvius Poppius, 1909, Peritropisca Carvalho & Lorenzato, and Rewafulvius Carvalho, 1972 (Wolski & Gorczyca 2014: Figs 29–31), Sulawesifulvius Gorczyca, Chérot & Štys, 2004 (Wolski et al. 2017: Fig. 7), Ceratofulvius Reuter, 1902 (Namyatova & Cassis 2019: Fig. 18J) or Schmitzofulvius Gorczyca, 1998 (Wolski, pers. obs.). Within these genera, Cassisotropis is most similar to Peritropisca Carvalho and Lorenzato, 1978 known from Papua New Guinea in both sharing following set of characters: vertex and frons with longitudinal medial sulcus (Figs 2C, D; Wolski & Gorczyca 2014: Figs 23, 24), pronotal calli upraised, conical, and sharply pointed (Figs 2A, B; Wolski & Gorczyca 2014: Figs 3, 4), posterior lobe of pronotum with two well-developed mediolateral keels (Fig. 2B; Wolski & Gorczyca 2014), embolium wide (Figs 1A, B), and tarsus two-segmented with the second tarsomere not subdivided. Cassisotropis differs from Peritropisca in the lack of the transverse furrow along the posterior margin of head, medial and longitudinal keel on the posterior lobe of pronotum (as in Wolski & Gorczyca 2014: Figs 23, 24), and the metathoracic scent gland evaporative area relatively broad, occupying ventral part of metepisternum (Fig. 2F), whereas in Peritropisca it is narrow, restricted to posterior portion of metepisternum (Wolski & Gorczyca 2014: Fig. 33). Both genera can also be easily distinguished by the shape of the male genitalia (Fig. 3; Wolski & Gorczyca 2014: Figs 11–12). Among the Madagascan genera, Cassisotropis is most similar to Schmitzofulvius sharing (apart from the verrucose dorsal surface) the upraised, conical and sharply pointed calli (Figs 2A, B; Gorczyca 1999). The new genus can be distinguished primarily by the embolium not distinctly narrowed basally and the lack of translucent patch on corium (Gorczyca 1999, 1998).
Published as part of Taszakowski, Artur, Masłowski, Adrian, Wolski, Andrzej & Gorczyca, Jacek, 2022, Two new genera and species of the Fulviini (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae Cylapinae) from Madagascar, with a checklist of Madagascan cylapines, pp. 93-110 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on pages 94-96, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7322521
{"references":["Pluot-Sigwalt, D. & Matocq, A. (2017) An investigation of the roof of the genital chamber in female plant-bugs with special emphasis on the \" dorsal sac \" (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 53 (1), 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2017.1285723","Gorczyca, J. (2000) A systematic study on Cylapinae with a revision of the Afrotropical Region (Heteroptera, Miridae). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego, Katowice, 176 pp.","Wolski, A. & Henry, T. J. (2012) Revision of the New World species of Peritropis Uhler (Heterotpera: Miridae: Cylapinae). Insect Systematics and Evolution, 43, 213 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 1876312 X- 04303002","Wolski, A. & Henry, T. J. (2015) Review and a new subfamily placement of the plant bug genus Isometocoris Carvalho and Sailer, 1954 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae), with the description of a new species from Brazil. Proc. Entomological Society of Washington, 117 (3), 407 - 418. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.117.3.407","Wolski, A., Yasunaga, T., Gorczyca, J. & Herczek, A. (2017) Sulawesifulvius thailandicus - a new species of the genus Sulawesifulvius Gorczyca, Cherot & Stys from Thailand (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae). Zookeys, 647, 109 - 119. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 647.10960","Wolski, A. (2021) Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Cylapini. Zootaxa Monograph, 5074 (1), 1 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5074.1.1","Uhler, P. R. (1891) Observations on some remarkable forms of Capsidae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 2, 119 - 123.","Gorczyca, J. & Wolski A. (2007) A new species of the genus Peritropis from India (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae). Mainzer Naturwissenschaftliches Archiv, 31, 89 - 93.","Stal, C. (1862) Hemiptera Mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 23, 81 - 118 + 289 - 325.","Pluot-Sigwalt, D. & Cherot, F. (2013) Donnees biologiques et anatomiques, regime alimentaire et taxonomie d'un nouveau Fulvius afrotropical (Insecta, Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae, Fulviini). Zoosystema, 35 (1), 45 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / z 2013 n 1 a 5","Poppius, B. (1909) Zur Kenntnis der Miriden-Unterfamilie Cylapina Reut. Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae, 37 (4), 1 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9441","Carvalho, J. C. M. (1972) On a new genus and species of Fulviini from Rewa, Fiji (Hemiptera, Miridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 32, 53 - 54.","Wolski, A. & Gorczyca, J. (2014) Notes on the genera Peritropisca Carvalho & Lorenzato and Rewafulvius Carvalho (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae), with the description of a new species of Peritropisca from Indonesia. Zootaxa, 3753 (2), 155 - 166. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3753.2.5","Gorczyca, J., Cherot, F. & Stys, P. (2004) A remarkable new genus of Cylapinae from Sulawesi (Heteroptera: Miridae). Zootaxa, 499 (1), 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 499.1.1","Reuter, O. M., (1902) Miscellanea Hemipterologica. Ofversigt af Finska Vetenskapssocietetens Forhandlingar, 44, 141 - 188.","Gorczyca, J. (1998) Schmitzofulvius bigibber gen. et sp. nov. from Madagascar (Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae). Acta Biologica Silesiana, 32 (49), 7 - 12.","Carvalho, J. C. M. & Lorenzato, L. M. (1978) The Cylapinae of Papua New Guinea (Hemiptera, Miridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 38, 121 - 149.","Gorczyca, J. (1999) On the Euchilofulvius - complex (Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae). Genus, 10 (1), 1 - 12."]}

Hemiptera, Insecta, Arthropoda, Animalia, Biodiversity, Empedocles, Empedocles luridus, Coreidae, and Taxonomy

Empedocles luridus Brailovsky & Barrera, 1998 NON- TYPE MATERIAL. — Brazil • 2♂, ♀; Rio Grande do Sul, Derrubadas; P. E. Turvo; 27°14’48.9”S, 53°57’36.7W / 27°13’49.5”S, 53°58’57.6”W / 27°13’26.4”S, 53°51’02.8”W guarda-chuva ent., A. Barcellos, R. Ott, I. Heidrich, L. Moura; 21/28/ 30.X.2003; MCNZ 54710, 54921, 176828 • ♀; São Franisco de Paula, Arno Lise, 4.?.1974; MCNZ 9571 • ♂; Salto do Jacuí, A. L. H. da Silva col. 06.V.1998; MCNZ 179291 • ♀; Montenegro; E. H. Buckup leg.; 17.XI.1977; MCNZ 10784 • ♀, ♂; Triunfo; A. Lise leg., T. Arigony leg.; 10.X/ 28.XI.1977; MCNZ 10781, 10783.
Published as part of S., Wanessa da, Costa & Campos, Luiz A., 2022, Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798), pp. 503-547 in Zoosystema 44 (21) on page 543, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a21, http://zenodo.org/record/7341932

Hemiptera, Melucha, Insecta, Melucha lineatella, Arthropoda, Animalia, Biodiversity, Coreidae, and Taxonomy

Melucha lineatella (Fabricius, 1803) NON- TYPE MATERIAL. — Brazil • ♂; Amapá; Porto Grande; E. L. Oliveira; 9.V.1982; INPA) • 2♀; Amazonas; Barcelos, Rio Aracá, Boca do Curuduri; 00°05’50”N, 63°17’22”W; Sopé da Serra do Aracá;0°52’24”N, 63°27’19”W; C.F. Schwertner col., C. Durigan, Varredura; coleta manual; VII.2007; 16.VI.2010; INPA • 2♀; Novo Airão AM 352 Ramal Km 10 02°42’56.5”S, 60°56’26.7”W; Armadilha luminosa móvel 18:00-21:00h and 21:00-24:00h; J.A. Rafael, D. Takiya & J.T. Câmara; 28-29.VIII.2011; INPA • ♀, 3♂; Obidos, Bx. Amazonas, Traira, Dirings; VIII/XII.59(1959?); MZSP 1695, 1797, 1699, 1700 • 4♀, ♂; Manaus, Estr. Am 1km 15; Res. Ducke; 02°55’S 59°59’W); Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke AM 010; 02°55’51”S, 59°58’59”W); Trilha do Barro Branco, Trilha da Ciência, J. T. Câmara, B.R.S. Machado, Serrão, Rose, A. Faustino, P. Torres, coleta manual, Rede entomológica; 29.VI.1970; 18.IV.1998, 10.IV.2002, 01-20.V.2010; INPA 3004 • ♀; Beruri, Rio Purus; 03°56’62”S, 61°21’02”W; Coleta Manual, Xavier & Aquino leg.; XII.2003; INPA • ♀; Novo Aripuanã, Lago Xadá; 05°15’39”S, 60°42’32”W); Coleta manual, F. Xavier, F. Godoi & A. Lourido Leg.; INPA • ♀; S. Gabriel da Cachoeira, Penny e Elias, 5-12.VII.1980; INPA • 3♀; Pará; Tucurui, Rio Tocantins, Chiqueirão, Canoal; M.F. Torres; 28.III.1984, 02/ 07.IV.1984; MPEG 05016513, 05016517, 05016502 • ♀; Mun. De Itaituba, Rio Tapajoz, Camargo, Dirings; V?/VI?.62(1962); MZSP • ♀, ♂; Belém Mocambo, P. Waldir, Exp. Perm. Amaz.; III.1964, 01.IV.1977; MPEG 05016672, MZSP 1730 • 2♀; Mun. Benevides; 408 km 06; Faz. Morelandia, M.F. Torres, W. França; 22.X.1991, 21.VI.1980; MPEG 05015926, 05016774 • ♀; Parauapebas, Carajás, Flona Carajás; INPA • ♀; Rondônia; Ouro Preto do Oeste, Margem direita Rio Paraiso; M.F. Torres; 17.III.1985; MPEG 05017563 • 3♀; Ouro Preto d’Oeste, Projeto Polonoroeste; C. Elias leg.; 29.X and 18.XI.1987; DZUP 361568, 361573, 363492.
Published as part of S., Wanessa da, Costa & Campos, Luiz A., 2022, Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798), pp. 503-547 in Zoosystema 44 (21) on page 545, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a21, http://zenodo.org/record/7341932

Hemiptera, Mictis profana, Insecta, Mictis, Arthropoda, Animalia, Biodiversity, Coreidae, and Taxonomy

Mictis profana (Fabricius, 1803) NON- TYPE MATERIAL. — Australia • ♀; NHRS-GULI000004334 • ♀; Karijini NP, Dales Gorge (WA 22:28.5S 118:33 OE), Reid, Lassau & Donnelly AM Pibara Survey (Biomaps) shrubs/trees, 26.XI.2003; AMS K549154 • ♀; South Australia: 12km E of Copely, Filinders Range; 322 m; 30°32’19”S, 138°31’52”E; Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz; CA01L60; 07.XI.2001 • 2♂, 2♀; QLD: Balgal Beach; 19:01S 146:24E; L. Weight, 05.I.1992; AMS K163829, K163831, K163830, K163832 • ♂; Cunnamulla, Q., N. Geary; 10.X.38(1938?); AMS K163826 • ♂; Miranda N. S. W., R. Havnstein; 11.VI.61(1961?); AMS K163848 • ♂; Plantiful CK. Q., G. Moore; 29.I45(1945?); AMS K163817 • ♂, ♀; Mt White, nr Coen, N. Qld, M. S. & B.J. Moulds; 10.I.1988; AMS K163863 • ♀; N. S. W. Killara., N. E. Kent, 4.XI.1945; MCNZ Permuta BMNH 1950-317 • ♂; N. S. W. Casula, M. I. Nikitin; 7.XI.1958; MCNZ Permuta BMNH 1959-57, Newton, NSW, R. Browne; 24.V.1985; AMS K163818 • 2♀; 55km S. Mt. Magnet, WA, G. A. Holloway; 30.XIII.1981; AMS K163852, K163851 • ♂; Horrocks Pass, SE of Port Augusta, S.A., M. S. & B. J. Moulds, 20.XI.1985; AMS K163827 • ♂; Rose Bay, NSW, J. Watson, 4.IX.1965; AMS K163820 • ♂; Karratha, nr. Derby, W. A., G. Jones, 26.I.1978; AMS K163850 • ♂; Serpentine Falls, Darling Ranges, W. A., G. A. Holloway & H. Hughes, 20.I.1971; AMS K163824 • ♂; Coral Bay turnoff, S. of Exmouth, W. A., G. A. Holloway; 31.VII.1978; AMS K163847 • ♂; Birralong, N. S. W., A. B. Marlar, II.25(1925?), K51151; AMS K549152 • ♀, 2♂; Pilbara, Dist, Rhodes Ridge Camp; 23° 06’04.9”S, 119°21’13.6”E; 694m; Caesalpinaceae Senna artemisioides subsp. Oligophylla; Perth 5636450, Host WA99-H75, Cassis & Silveira L 36, 30.V.1999; AMS K549155, K549158, K549157 • ♀; Bondi Sjsnas (?), Austral NSW., V. R. Bejsák lgt., 11.IX.84(1984?); AMS K163822 • ♀; Bobbin Head, P. Epskaine, R. B. A., 4.XI.68(1968?); AMS K549156 • ♀; Glen Gerald Gorge, Rawlinson Ranges, W. A., G. A. Holloway; 16.V.1983; AMS K163825 • ♀; Powella, Aramac, C. Q., F. Bradshaw, VIII.1920; AMS K163815 • ♀; John Forrest Nat’I Park, Darling Ranges, W. A., g A. Holloway & H. Hugher, 23.I.1971; AMS K163821 • ♀, ♂; 28 km W. Yalgoo, W. A., G. A. Holloway, 1.IX.1981; AMS K163854, K163855. Vanuatu • 2♀; Anatom IS. Anlghowhat, Umetch, M. J. W. Cock, 24/ 26.XI.1983; MCNZ Permuta BMNH 83-426, 83-429, C.I. E.COLL.A. 15654. Unspecified Locality Data • ♂; Woodlank, Mulsant(?), ENT/ G 10460; NHRS-Guli 000047305.
Published as part of S., Wanessa da, Costa & Campos, Luiz A., 2022, Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798), pp. 503-547 in Zoosystema 44 (21) on pages 543-544, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a21, http://zenodo.org/record/7341932

Hemiptera, Pachylis, Insecta, Arthropoda, Animalia, Biodiversity, Coreidae, Pachylis acutangulus, and Taxonomy

Pachylis acutangulus Stål, 1858 [1859] stat. rev. Pachylis acutangulus Stål, 1858 [1859]: 439 (acutangula); 1862: 275; 1870: 132. — Walker 1871: 53. — Uhler 1886: 10. — Distant 1881: 108; 1892: 352. — Lethierry & Severin 1894: 14. — Blöte 1938: 303. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. Thasus acutangulus – Gibson & Carillo 1959: 23. — Aldrich & Blum 1978: 58. — Schaefer & O’Shea 1979: 521. — O’Shea 1980: 219. — Brailovsky et al. 1994b: 325. — Schaefer & Packauskas 1997: 206. — Arnett 2000: 256. — Forbes & Schaefer 2003: 240. — Packauskas 2010: 187. — Linares & Orozco 2017: 20. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. NON- TYPE MATERIAL. — Mexico • 1♂; Baja Calif. Sur. 5 km. E San Antonio; R. L. Aalbu col.; VIII.[19]75; CAS • 3 ♀; Chiapas, N. slope of Cerro Bola N. Cerro Tres Picos; 1224-2134 m alt.; El Sumidero 18 km N. Tuxtla Gutier rez; alt. 1372 m; D. E. Breedlove, Carolyn Mullinex; 5.V/ 19.VIII.1972; CAS • 1♂; Vera Cruz, Koebele, Koebele Collection; CAS; Sta. Rosa, Toledo, Veracruz 1200 m, Pe. Moure & R. Ayah; 14.VIII.1982; DZUP361301. Guatemala • 1♀, 7♂; Panajachel, D. Q. Cavagnaro & M. E. Irwin Collectors; 19.VIII.63 [1963?].
Published as part of S., Wanessa da, Costa & Campos, Luiz A., 2022, Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798), pp. 503-547 in Zoosystema 44 (21) on page 521, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a21, http://zenodo.org/record/7341932
{"references":["STAL C. 1858 [1859]. - Hemipterologiska bidrag. Ofversigt af Konglika Vetenskaps-Akadamiens Forhandlingar 15: 433 - 454.","STAL C. 1862. - Hemiptera mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit. Stettin Entomologische Zeitung 23: 273 - 281.","STAL C. 1870 - 1876. - Enumeratio Hemipterorum Bidrag till en forteckning ofver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska middelanden [1870, part 1, 9: 1 - 232; 1873, part. 3, 11 (2): 1 - 163]. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 938 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12549","UHLER P. R. 1886. - Check List of Hemiptera-Heteroptera of North America. Brooklyn Entomological Society, Brooklyn, New York, 32 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12636","DISTANT W. L. 1881 - 1893. - Insecta. Rhynchota. Hemiptera Heteroptera. Volume 1 - 3. Biologia Centrali Americana, London, 462 p.","LETHIERRY L. F. & SEVERIN G. 1894. - Catalogue general des hemipteres. Tome II Heteropteres: Coreidae, Berytidae, Lygaeidae, Pyrrhociridae. Academie Royale de Belgique, Bruxelles, 227 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15830","BLOTE H. C. 1938. - Catalogue of the Coreidae in the Rijksmuseum van natuurlijke Historie. Part 4. Coreinae, Third part. Zoologische Mededeelingen, Leiden 20: 275 - 308.","CoreoideaSF Team 2020. - Coreoidea Species File Online. Version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from: http: // Coreoidea. SpeciesFile. org / (junho / 2020).","GIBSON E. H. & CARILLO J. L. 1959. - Lista de insectos de la collecion entomologica de la officina de estudios especiales. S. A G. Folleto, Miscelaneo, 254 p.","ALDRICH J. R. & BLUM M. S. 1978. - Aposematic aggregation of a bug (Hemiptera: Coreidae): The defensive display and formation of aggregations. Biotropica 10 (1): 58 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2388106","SCHAEFER C. W. & O'SHEA R. 1979. - Host plants of three coreine tribes (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 72: 519 - 523. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 72.4.519","O'SHEA R. 1980. - A generic revision of the Nematopodini (Heteroptera: Coreidae: Coreinae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 15 (3 - 4): 197 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650528009360574","BRAILOVSKY H., SCHAEFER C. W., BARRERA E. & PACKAUSKAS R. 1994 b. - A revision of the genus Thasus (Hemiptera: Coreidae: Coreinae: Nematopodini). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 102: 318 - 343.","SCHAEFER C. W. & PACKAUSKAS R. 1997. - Notes on the genus Thasus (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 105: 206 - 214.","ARNETT R. H. 2000. - American Insects, A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico. CRC Press, Washington, 1003 p. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781482273892","FORBES G. & SCHAEFER C. W. 2003. - Further notes on the genus Thasus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 111: 235 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.1664 / 0028 - 7199 (2003) 111 [0235: FNOTGT] 2.0. CO; 2","PACKAUSKAS R. 2010. - Catalog of the Coreidae, or Leaf-Footed Bugs, of the New World. Fort Hays State University (ser. 4, n. 5), Kansas, 270 p.","LINARES C. & OROZCO J. 2017. - The Coreidae of Honduras (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 5: 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 5. e 13067"]}

Hemiptera, Pachylis, Insecta, Arthropoda, Animalia, Pachylis argentinus, Biodiversity, Coreidae, and Taxonomy

Pachylis argentinus Berg, 1879 Pachylis argentinus Berg, 1879: 64-66. — Lethierry & Severin 1894: 13. — Pennington 1920: 15. — Bosq 1937: 116; 1940: 403. — Blöte 1938: 303. — Ruffinelli & Pirán 1959: 26. — Grazia-Vieira & Casini 1973: 61. — Schaefer & O’Shea 1979: 521. — O’Shea 1980: 211. — Packauskas 2010: 176. — Garcete-Barrett 2016: 129. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. NON- TYPE MATERIAL. — Brazil • 2 ♀; Rio Grande do Sul, Uruguaiana; 23.IX.1993; João Cantarelli col.; MCTP 22915, 22906 • 1♂; 1.XI.1993; Roberto Vieira col.; MCTP 22922. Argentina • 2 ♂; Buenos Aires; sobre pileta natación; IX.1938; M. Viana col. • 1♂; San José (cufrá); 8.XII.91; 13C74a26; E. F. Acosta y Lara col. • 3 ♂; La Plata, jardin botânico, Facultad de Agronomia; 25.XI.1955; sobre Acacia cavenia; J. Marchioni col. • 1♂; Corrientes, São Roque; II.1980 • 1♀; Casco Urbana, La Plata, Ba, Aq.; I.17; Varela col.; MLPA • 2 ♂, 1♀; Tucuman, Capital; X.1938; IBSP 0006.835, 0006.827, 0006.804 • 1♂; IBSP 0006.831 • 1♀, 1♂; Cordoba, Capilladel Monte; XI.1943; MNHCI 10565, DZUP 361464.
Published as part of S., Wanessa da, Costa & Campos, Luiz A., 2022, Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798), pp. 503-547 in Zoosystema 44 (21) on page 521, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a21, http://zenodo.org/record/7341932
{"references":["BERG C. 1879. - Hemiptera Argentina enumeravit speciesque novas. X typographiae P. E. Coni, Bonariae, 316 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36493","LETHIERRY L. F. & SEVERIN G. 1894. - Catalogue general des hemipteres. Tome II Heteropteres: Coreidae, Berytidae, Lygaeidae, Pyrrhociridae. Academie Royale de Belgique, Bruxelles, 227 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15830","PENNINGTON M. S. 1920. - Lista de los Hemipteros Heteropteros de la Republica Argentina. Primera parte Pentatomoidae - Coreidea. Buenos Aires, 16 p.","BOSQ J. M. 1937. - Lista preliminar de los Hemipteros (Heteropteros), especialmente relacionados com la agricultura nacional. Revista de Ia Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 9: 111 - 134.","BOSQ J. M. 1940. - Lista preliminar de los hemipteros (Heteropteros); especialmente relacionados con la agricultura nacional. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 10: 399 - 417.","BLOTE H. C. 1938. - Catalogue of the Coreidae in the Rijksmuseum van natuurlijke Historie. Part 4. Coreinae, Third part. Zoologische Mededeelingen, Leiden 20: 275 - 308.","RUFFINELLI A. & PIRAN A. A. 1959. - Hemipteros Heteropteros del Uruguay. Boletin de la Facultad de Agronomia de Montevideo 51: 1 - 60.","GRAZIA- VIEIRA J. & CASINI C. E. 1973. - Lista preliminar dos heteropteros uruguaios da regiao Nordeste. Pentatomidae e Coreidae (Insecta; Heteroptera). Iheringia Serie Zoologia, 44: 55 - 63.","SCHAEFER C. W. & O'SHEA R. 1979. - Host plants of three coreine tribes (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 72: 519 - 523. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 72.4.519","O'SHEA R. 1980. - A generic revision of the Nematopodini (Heteroptera: Coreidae: Coreinae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 15 (3 - 4): 197 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650528009360574","PACKAUSKAS R. 2010. - Catalog of the Coreidae, or Leaf-Footed Bugs, of the New World. Fort Hays State University (ser. 4, n. 5), Kansas, 270 p.","GARCETE- BARRETT B. 2016. - Catalogo Ilustrado De La Coleccion De Chinches De La Familia Coreidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Del Museo Nacional De Historia Natural Del Paraguay. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay 20: 109 - 147.","CoreoideaSF Team 2020. - Coreoidea Species File Online. Version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from: http: // Coreoidea. SpeciesFile. org / (junho / 2020)."]}

Hemiptera, Pachylis, Insecta, Arthropoda, Pachylis gigas, Animalia, Biodiversity, Coreidae, and Taxonomy

Pachylis gigas Klug, 1835 in Burmeister (1835) stat. rev. Pachylis gigas Klug in Burmeister, 1835: 338. — Brullé 1835: 368. — Blanchard 1840: 121. — Dallas 1852: 383. — Stål 1862: 275; 1867: 158. — Walker 1871: 52. — Wilson 1909: 91. — Blöte 1938: 303. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. Thasus gigas – Stål 1870: 132. — Distant 1881: 108; 1892: 351. — Lethierry & Severin 1894: 14. — Gibson & Carrillo 1959: 24. — Schaefer & O’Shea 1979: 521. — O’Shea 1980: 219. — Schaefer & Mitchell 1983: 600. — Manna 1984: 194. — Henry & Froeschner 1988: 89. — Brailovsky et al. 1994b: 325; 1994a: 247; 1995: 73. — Schaefer & Packauskas 1997: 206. — Forbes & Schaefer 2003: 239. — Packauskas 2010: 188. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. NON- TYPE MATERIAL. — Mexico • ♂; Aguascalientes Rincon de Romos, 6300’ rocks, Agave; R. L. Aalbu col.; 9.VII.82[1982?] • 3♂; 1♀; Cuernavaca, Crawfer; CAS • 1♂, 1♀; Querétaro St., Villa Bernal; 20°44’41”N, 99°56’22”W; 2060m a.s.l.; J. E. Eger & H. Brailovsky; 1.VII.2015; FSCA • 4 ♀; Zimapan; 26/29.VIII.41[1941?]; CAS • ♂; Estado de Morelos; 8 km S. of Cuernavaca; 1300m; Edward S. Ross; 6.IX.1980; CAS.
Published as part of S., Wanessa da, Costa & Campos, Luiz A., 2022, Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798), pp. 503-547 in Zoosystema 44 (21) on page 522, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a21, http://zenodo.org/record/7341932
{"references":["KLUG J. C. F. 1835. - Pachylis gigas. In BURMEISTER H. (ed) Handbuch der Entomologie. Gustav Reimer, Berlin, 400 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35274","BURMEISTER H. 1835. - Handbuch der Entomologie. Zweiter Band. Besondere Entomologie. Ordnung. Rhynchota, Berlin, 400 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35274","BRULLE A. 1835. - Histoire naturelle des insects (Coleopteres, Orthopteres et Hemipteres), traitant de leur organisation et de leurs moeurs en general part V. Volume 9. Audouin et comprenant leur classification et la description des especes part Brulle; Paris, 56 plates, 415 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 34228","BLANCHARD E. 1840. - Histoire naturelle des insectes. Orthopteres, Neuropteres, Hemipteres, Lepidopteres, et Dipteres. Hemipteres, Volume 3. Dumeril, Paris, 134 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59226","DALLAS W. S. 1852. - List of the specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Catalog of Hemiptera. Part 2. Taylor and Francis, London, 638 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20373","STAL C. 1862. - Hemiptera mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit. Stettin Entomologische Zeitung 23: 273 - 281.","STAL C. 1867. - Analecta hemipterologica. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 10: 151 - 172. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18660100112","WILSON E. B. 1909. - Studies on Chromosomes, IV The \" acessory \" chromosome in Syromastes and Pyrrochoris with a comparitve review of the types of sexual differences of the chromosome groups. Journal of Experimental Zoology 6: 69 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jez. 1400060103","BLOTE H. C. 1938. - Catalogue of the Coreidae in the Rijksmuseum van natuurlijke Historie. Part 4. Coreinae, Third part. Zoologische Mededeelingen, Leiden 20: 275 - 308.","CoreoideaSF Team 2020. - Coreoidea Species File Online. Version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from: http: // Coreoidea. SpeciesFile. org / (junho / 2020).","STAL C. 1870 - 1876. - Enumeratio Hemipterorum Bidrag till en forteckning ofver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska middelanden [1870, part 1, 9: 1 - 232; 1873, part. 3, 11 (2): 1 - 163]. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 938 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12549","DISTANT W. L. 1881 - 1893. - Insecta. Rhynchota. Hemiptera Heteroptera. Volume 1 - 3. Biologia Centrali Americana, London, 462 p.","LETHIERRY L. F. & SEVERIN G. 1894. - Catalogue general des hemipteres. Tome II Heteropteres: Coreidae, Berytidae, Lygaeidae, Pyrrhociridae. Academie Royale de Belgique, Bruxelles, 227 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15830","SCHAEFER C. W. & O'SHEA R. 1979. - Host plants of three coreine tribes (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 72: 519 - 523. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 72.4.519","O'SHEA R. 1980. - A generic revision of the Nematopodini (Heteroptera: Coreidae: Coreinae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 15 (3 - 4): 197 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650528009360574","SCHAEFER C. W. & MITCHELL P. L. 1983. - Food plants of the Coreoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 76: 591 - 615. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 76.4.591","MANNA G. K. 1984. - Chromosomes in evolution in Heteroptera. Chapter 8 In SHARMA, A. K. (ed) Chromosomes in Evolution of Eukaryotic Groups. Volume II. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 280 p.","HENRY T. J. & FROESCHNER R. C. 1988. - Catalog of the Heteroptera, or true bugs, of Canada and the continental United States. Brill Academic Publishers, New York, 958 p.","BRAILOVSKY H., SCHAEFER C. W., BARRERA E. & PACKAUSKAS R. 1994 b. - A revision of the genus Thasus (Hemiptera: Coreidae: Coreinae: Nematopodini). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 102: 318 - 343.","BRAILOVSKY H., BARRERA E., MAYORGA C. & LEON G. O. 1994 a. - Estadios ninfales de los coreidos del valle de Tehuacan, Puebla. (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) I. Chelinidea staffilesi, C. tabulate y Narnia femorata. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico 65: 241 - 264.","BRAILOVSKY H., MAYORGA C., LEON G. O. & BARRERA E. 1995. - Estadios ninfales de los Coreidos del Valle de Tehuacan, Puebla, Mexico (HemipteraHeteroptera) II. Especies asociados a huizachera (Acacia spp.) y mezquiteras (Prosopis spp.): Mozena lunata, Pachylis hector, Savius jurgiosus y Thasus gigas. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico 66: 57 - 80.","SCHAEFER C. W. & PACKAUSKAS R. 1997. - Notes on the genus Thasus (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 105: 206 - 214.","FORBES G. & SCHAEFER C. W. 2003. - Further notes on the genus Thasus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 111: 235 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.1664 / 0028 - 7199 (2003) 111 [0235: FNOTGT] 2.0. CO; 2","PACKAUSKAS R. 2010. - Catalog of the Coreidae, or Leaf-Footed Bugs, of the New World. Fort Hays State University (ser. 4, n. 5), Kansas, 270 p."]}

Hemiptera, Pachylis, Insecta, Arthropoda, Animalia, Pachylis heteropus, Biodiversity, Coreidae, and Taxonomy

Pachylis heteropus (Latreille, 1811) stat. rev. Coreus heteropus Latreille, 1811: 189. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. Pachylis heteropus – Dallas 1852: 385. — Stål 1870: 132. — Walker 1871: 53. — Blöte 1938: 304. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. Thasus heteropus – Lethierry & Severin 1894: 14. — O’Shea 1980: 219. — Froeschner 1981: 23. — Brailovsky et al. 1994b: 330. — Packauskas 2010: 188. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020.
Published as part of S., Wanessa da, Costa & Campos, Luiz A., 2022, Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798), pp. 503-547 in Zoosystema 44 (21) on page 522, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a21, http://zenodo.org/record/7341932
{"references":["LATREILLE P. A. 1811. - Insectes de l'Amerique Equinoxiale, recueillis pendant la voyage de MM, in HUMBOLDT A. & BONPLAND A. (ed.), Recueil d'Observations de Zoologie et d'anatomie comparee; Faites dans l'ocean Atlantique, dans l'interieur du nouveau continent et dans la mer du Sud, pendant le annees 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, et 1803. Gallica Bibliotheque Numerique, Paris, 416 p.","CoreoideaSF Team 2020. - Coreoidea Species File Online. Version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from: http: // Coreoidea. SpeciesFile. org / (junho / 2020).","DALLAS W. S. 1852. - List of the specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Catalog of Hemiptera. Part 2. Taylor and Francis, London, 638 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20373","STAL C. 1870 - 1876. - Enumeratio Hemipterorum Bidrag till en forteckning ofver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska middelanden [1870, part 1, 9: 1 - 232; 1873, part. 3, 11 (2): 1 - 163]. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 938 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12549","BLOTE H. C. 1938. - Catalogue of the Coreidae in the Rijksmuseum van natuurlijke Historie. Part 4. Coreinae, Third part. Zoologische Mededeelingen, Leiden 20: 275 - 308.","LETHIERRY L. F. & SEVERIN G. 1894. - Catalogue general des hemipteres. Tome II Heteropteres: Coreidae, Berytidae, Lygaeidae, Pyrrhociridae. Academie Royale de Belgique, Bruxelles, 227 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15830","O'SHEA R. 1980. - A generic revision of the Nematopodini (Heteroptera: Coreidae: Coreinae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 15 (3 - 4): 197 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650528009360574","FROESCHNER R. C. 1981. - Heteroptera or true bugs of Ecuador: A partial catalog. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 322: 1 - 147. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.322","BRAILOVSKY H., SCHAEFER C. W., BARRERA E. & PACKAUSKAS R. 1994 b. - A revision of the genus Thasus (Hemiptera: Coreidae: Coreinae: Nematopodini). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 102: 318 - 343.","PACKAUSKAS R. 2010. - Catalog of the Coreidae, or Leaf-Footed Bugs, of the New World. Fort Hays State University (ser. 4, n. 5), Kansas, 270 p."]}

Hemiptera, Pachylis, Pachylis laticornis, Insecta, Arthropoda, Animalia, Biodiversity, Coreidae, and Taxonomy

Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798) (Figs 20-27) Lygaeus femoratus Lichtenstein, 1796: 107 (name unavailable, ICZN opinion 1820). Lygaeus laticornis Fabricius, 1798: 538; 1803: 208. — Latreille 1807: 121. — Thunberg 1823: 2. — Burmeister 1835: 339. — Amyot & Serville 1843: 194. — Stål 1870: 131. — Packauskas 2010: 177. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. Pendulinus bidentatus Thunberg, 1825: 6. — Stål 1855: 347; 1870: 131. — Packauskas 2010: 177. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. Pendulinus maculatus Thunberg, 1825: 5. — Stål 1855: 347 (larva); 1870: 132. — Packauskas 2010: 177. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. Pendulinus gigas Thunberg, 1825: 7. — Stål 1855: 347; 1870: 131. — Packauskas 2010: 177. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. Pendulinus grossus Thunberg, 1825: 7. — Stål 1870: 131. — Packauskas 2010: 177. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. Pachylis laticornis – Le Peletier & Serville 1825: 62. — Laporte 1833: 29. — Herrich-Schaeffer 1836: 63-64; 1851: 259; 1853: 146. — Spinola 1837: 135. — Blanchard 1840: 122. — Westwood 1842: 4. — Dallas 1852: 384. — Stål 1855: 347; 1858: 29; 1867: 158; 1868: 46; 1870: 131. — Uhler 1869: 323. — Walker 1871: 52. — Berg 1879: 64. — Distant 1881: 107; 1901: 327. — Lethierry & Severin 1894: 13. — Osborn 1904: 197. — Bergroth 1913: 144. — Torre-Bueno 1915: 218. — Pennington 1920: 13. — Campos 1925: 53. — Monte 1937: 70. — Blöte 1938: 303. — Schaefer & O’Shea 1979: 521. — O’Shea 1980: 211. — Froeschner 1981: 23. — Aldrich et al. 1982: 1369. — Schaefer & Mitchell 1983: 600. — Packauskas 2010: 177. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. Pachylis rufitarsis Spinola, 1837: 136. — Stål (1870): 131. — Dallas 1852: 384. — Packauskas 2010: 177 (rufitarsusus). — CoreoideaSF Team 2020 (rufitarsus). Pachylis grossus Westwood 1842: 13. — Distant 1901: 327. Thasus grossus – Stål 1870: 133. — Lethierry & Severin 1894: 14. — Distant 1901: 327. Pachylis serus Berg, 1881: 260-261. — Brailovsky & Guerrero 2014: 362. — Distant 1888: vii. — Lethierry & Severin 1894: 14. — Pennington 1920: 13. — Grazia-Vieira & Casini 1973: 61. — Conceição & Viana Filho 1994: 149. — Packauskas 2010: 177. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. Pachylis gigas – Ueshima 1979: 69. — Packauskas 2010: 177. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. Pachylis laticornis var. annulipes Blöte, 1938: 303. — O’Shea 1980: 211. Pachylis furvus Brailovsky & Guerrero, 2014: 369. n. syn. Pachylis laticornis laticornis – Costa et al. 2021: 326. TYPE MATERIAL (PHOTOS). — Lygaeus laticornis Fabricius, 1798 – possible synotype ♂ “Amer. Merid. Schmidt Müs. Jond Lund Lygaeüs laticornis Fabr ”, “Male”, ZMUC 00513668 • Pachylis grossus Westwood, 1842 – lectotype ♂; OUMNH, labels: “Type. Westw. (HOPE) C. Hemipt. 1842 Part II, p. 13 Distant, P.Z.S., 1901, p. 325-335”, “hec.(?) femoratus(?) front(?) acuminat(?)”, “Type”, “ Pachylis laticornis Fabr. ”, “ Coreus heteropus det. Hum(?)...(?)”, “ Cimex femoratins”, “Type Hem: 309 Pachylis grossus Westwood HOPE DEP. OXFORD ” • Pachylis laticornis annulipes Blöte, 1938 – holotype ♀, RMNH, labels: “ Holotypus VAR.”, “v. Lansberge, Caracas.”, “Museum Leiden. Pachylis laticornis F. Det: Blöte”, “Museum Leiden. Pachylis laticornis F. v. annulipes Blöte Det:” • Pachylis furvus Brailovsky & Guerrero, 2014 – holotype ♂; FMNH, data from Brailovsky & Guerrero (2014): Colombia: Meta, Villavicencio, 18.VII.1938, H. Dybas. NON- TYPE MATERIAL. — Mexico • 1♂; Chiapas, S. slope of Cerro Vernal 13 mi. S. of Tonalá; alt. 610 m; 5.X.1974; D. E. Breedlove & J. A. Breedlove. Panama • 1 ♀; Fort Clayton, C. Z.; 15.III.45; K. E. Frick col.; CAS • 1♂; IV.44, K. E. Frick col.; CAS. Guiana • 1♂; Demerara; 24.IV.01; R. J. Crew; CAS. Peru • 1♀; Dept. Amazonas, Montenegro, forested, mtn. slopes; alt. 300 m; 22-25.I.1964; P. C. Hutchison and J. K. Wright col.; CAS • 1♀; Leoncio Prado, Tingo Maria, Monzon Valley; 10.XI.1954; E. I. Schlinger & E. S. Ross col.; CAS • 1♀; Satipo; VIII. 1944; P. Paprzyck [77256]; FIOC • 1♀; II.1944; P. Paprzyck [77255]; FIOC. Brazil • 1♂; Amapá, Serra do Navio, Rio Amapari, Diversitas Neotropica; 06.V.1994; Nr. Campo: 326; MZSP • 1♀; Amazonas, Alto Solimões; XII.1979; A. Lise leg. [14721]; MCNZ • 2 ♂; Amazonas; Benjamin Constant; Rio Javari; III.1961; Dirings; MZSP • 1♀; Amazonas, Manaus, BR 174 km; 18, 26.II.1980; C. Fonseca; INPA • 1♂; Amazonas, Manaus; 18.II.1963; [2499]; INPA • 1♀; Amazonas, Manaus; 17.XI.1978 (?1878); Cristovão; INPA • 1♀; Amazonas, Manaus; I.N.P.M.; III-IV.76; Montouchet & Buhrnhein col. [1758]; ZUEC • 1♀; Amazonas, Manaus; 17.XI.1978; Cristovão; INPA • 1♂; Amazonas, Manaus; 24.IV.76; Nilce; INPA • 1♂; Amazonas, Manaus, BR 174 km 45; V.82; E. Oliveira col.; INPA • ♂; Amazonas, Manaus; 27.II.1982; E. F. Ribeiro; INPA • 1♀; Amazonas, Manaus; 18.III.1976; Paraluppi; INPA • 1♂; Amazonas, Manaus; 25.V.82; F.U.R., Latorre L. R.; INPA • ♂; Amazonas, Manaus, Est. Aleixo km 4; IV.1975; P. Ivo Braga col.; INPA • 1♀; Pará, Ananindeua; 28.IX.1997; Moacir Ribeiro, [05017941]; MPEG • 4 ♂; Pará, Baker; CAS • 1♂; Pará, Belém; 22.V.1983; A. L. Henriques; INPA • 1♀; Pará, Belém; 15.IV.1980; A. Barreto [05017129]; MPEG • 2 ♂; Pará, Serra Norte; 25.VI.1985; N. Bittencourt [05015855; 05015856]; MPEG • 1♀; Paraíba; João Pessoa; VII.1955; Pe. Pereira [1788]; MZSP • 1♂; Paraíba; João Pessoa; VII.1977; Victor Daniel; INPA • 1♀, 2 ♂; Distrito Federal; Brasília; 29.XI.65; D. Suere M. Becker [004719; 004720; 004721]; MCNZ • 3 ♀, 2 ♂; Distrito Federal, Brasília, Campus UnB; 27.X.65; D. Suere M. Becker [004727; 004723; 004745; 004747; 004748]; MCNZ • 1♂; Distrito Federal, Brasília, Campus UnB, sobre cretifera; 27.X.65; C. Alho [004732]; MCNZ • 1♀; Distrito Federal, Brasília, Campus UnB, sobre cretifera; 23.X.65; C. Alho [004734]; MCNZ • 2 ♀; Minas Gerais; Alpinópolis; II.1961; Claudionor Elias [361317; 361318]; DZUP • 1♀; Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Base da Serra do Curral; 19°57’20”S, 43°54’30”W; 15.IV.2017; H. N. Vasconcelos, N. N. Vasconcelos & M. F. Vasconcelos [H640] (ENT MCN PUC Minas • 1♀, 4 ♂; Minas Gerais; Ibiá; 11.X.1965; C. Elias leg. [361312; 361313; 361319; 361397; 361398]; DZUP • 1♀, 1♂; Minas Gerais; São Gonçalo do Rio Preto, Parque Estadual do Rio Preto; 18°07’07”S, 43°20’41”W; 28.V.2015; Moreira-Silva L. Paprocki H. [H973; H974]; ENT MCN PUC Minas • 1♀; Espírito Santo, Baixo Guandu; 23-31.XII.1970; C. Elias col. [361303]; DZUP • 1♀; Espírito Santo, Conceição da Barra; 26-30.XI.1968; Tadeu & C. Elias col. [363428]; DZUP • 1♂; Espírito Santo, Conceição da Barra; 24-30.IV.69; C. & C. T. Elias leg. [361441]; DZUP • 2 ♂; Espírito Santo, Linhares; 2-7.VIII.1974; C. Elias col. [363426; 363427]; DZUP • 2 ♀, 7 ♂; Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa; 7.XII.64; C. Elias leg. [361329; 361641; 361642; 361660; 361661; 361662; 361663; 361664; 361665]; DZUP • ♂; Rio de Janeiro, D.F. Corcovado; IX.1959; Alvarenga e Seabra [361330]; DZUP • 1♂; Rio de Janeiro, D.F. Corcovado; XII.1958; Alvarenga e Seabra [361394]; DZUP • 1♂; Rio D.F.; VIII.54; L. B. H.; MCNZ • 1♀; Rio de Janeiro, Manguinhos; I.86; Catharina M.E.G.F. [77253]; FIOC • 1♀; Rio de Janeiro; D. Mendes [0.006.828]; CEAH • 1♂; São Paulo, Campinas, Fazenda Santa Genebra; 17.XI.1977 [2387]; ZUEC • 1♂; São Paulo, Campinas, Santa Genebra; 20.X.2003; E. P.Teixeira col. [7778]; CEAH • 2 ♀; São Paulo, Guarulhos; I.1953; P. A. Blumer; MHNCI • 1♂; São Paulo, Ilha dos Búzios; 16.X-4. XI.1963 [1775]; MZSP • 1♂; São Paulo, Jundiaí; 28.X.1961; L. R. Silva col. [1777]; MZSP • 1♂; São Paulo, Jundiaí; 5.XII.1961; Werner col. [1783]; MZSP • 2 ♂; São Paulo, Mogi Guaçu, Faz. Campininha; 17-19.XI.1967; H. Reichardt col. [1784, 1785]; MZSP • 1♂; São Paulo, Represa R. Grande G.B.; 9.I.67; F. M. Oliveira leg. [361395]; DZUP • 1♀; São Paulo, Rio Claro, Lago Azul, leisure area hand collected; 25.X.2008; Cardoso, A. R. col.; FEIS • 1♂; São Paulo, Ypiranga; XI.19; Hempel [81045]; FIOC • 1♂; São Paulo, São Sebastião, Flamboyant; 29.III.89; Martines J. [0.006.834]; CEAH • 1♂; São Paulo, São Pedro, Cerrado; 18-25. IV.2002; Feitosa R. M. col.; MZSP • 2 ♀, 1♂; Paraná, Jaguariaíva, 3.XI.72, Pe. Moure leg. [361437; 361438; 361439]; DZUP • 1♂; Paraná, Jaguariaíva; 28.XII.66; F. Giacomel leg. [361331]; DZUP) • 2 ♂; Paraná, Jaguariaíva; 28.XII.1969; F. Giacomel leg. [361314; 361396]; DZUP • 1♀, 1♂; Paraná, Jaguariaíva; 2.IX.1974; Rosado Neto [361428; 361429]; DZUP • 1♂; Paraná, Ponta Grossa; XI.1942; MHNCI • 1♀, 1 ♂; Paraná, Ponta Grossa; XI.1945; MHNCI • 1♂; Paraná, Ponta Grossa, Pedreira; XI.43 [361316]; DZUP • 1♀, ♂; Tibagi, Salto da Conceição; XII.57 [361299; 361393]; DZUP • 1♀; Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Gonçalves; II.55; E. Viana leg. [004756]; MCNZ • 1♀, 1♂; Rio Grande do Sul, Canoas; 27.XI.58; D. C. Redaelli leg. [02965; 02967]; MCNZ • 1♀; Rio Grande do Sul, Lageado; I.65; H. Bofinen leg. [02964]; MCNZ • 1♂; Rio Grande do Sul, Montenegro [004743]; MCNZ • ♂; Rio Grande do Sul, Montenegro; 1.XII.1977; A. Lise leg. [11505]; MCNZ • ♀; Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre; 16.I.76; L. N. Ramos [04923]; MCNZ • ♂; Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre; XII.73; F. Z. da Cruz [04937]; MCNZ • ♀; Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre; 17.XII.1980; M. Anaide leg. [46425]; MCNZ • ♀; Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre; 24.XI.1985; T. de Lema leg. [48574]; MCNZ • 2 ♀; Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre; XII.1981; T. de Lema leg. [46321; 46322]; MCNZ • ♀; Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre; 29.XI.1984; E. M. L. M. Santos leg. [48378]; MCNZ • ♀; Rio Grande do Sul,Porto Alegre; 20.XII.1977; A. Pereira leg. [14714]; MCNZ • ♀; Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre; 16.VIII.80; Antonio leg. [04924]; MCNZ • ♂; Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Verão 62/63 [004742]; MCNZ • ♂; Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Belém Novo; 6.XII.62 [04938]; MCNZ • ♂; Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Jardim Botânico; XI.1991; A. Pereira leg. [50441]; MCNZ • ♂; Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Jardim Botânico; 30.XI.1990 [50363]; MCNZ • ♀; Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, J. Botânico, XI.1991, A.Pereira leg. [50440]; MCNZ • ♂; Rio Grande do Sul, Triunfo, 27.X.1977, M. E. Lanzer leg. [11503]; MCNZ • 1♀; Rio Grande do Sul, Viamão, Águas Claras; 27.XII.1987; A. P. Nunes leg. [49775]; MCNZ • 1♂; Rio Grande do Sul, Viamão; XI.56; M. Palova leg. [004740]; MCNZ. DIAGNOSIS. — Black to light brown, usually without evident bands or stains, except for antennomeres III, always with the basal articulation yellow. Antennomeres III expanded, the external expansion larger than the internal. Pronotum semitrapezoidal, with protruding humeral angles, not forming spines, and slightly sloping. Genital capsule with the expansion of the superior layer of ventral rim rounded or triangular; upper lateral process with rounded ventral margin. Proximal conduit of the spermatheca elongated with no more than three turns; spermathecal pump as wide as long. REDESCRIPTION Coloration General color. Black to light brown (Figs 20; 21). Head usually with bands and spots lighter than the general color, such as the union between the mandibular plates, maxillary plates, and clypeus, in addition to macules on the side of the ocelli. Black or light brown, with a light spot at the base and apex of labial segment II, occasionally the lateral margin of segment I is yellow. Antenniferous tubercles black, often with a lighter outer margin. Antennomeres I and II completely black, sometimes apical portion of antennomers II yellow; III with black apical half and yellow at base; IV yellow at base and all the rest black. Pronotum black to brown. Black scutellum and in some cases lighter, but not contrasting, lateral margins and apex. Ostioles and peritremes brown, lighter than the pleura. Hemelytral veins rarely lighter than the general color. Light brown coxae and femora, the latter distally black. Tibiae and trochanters usually black, sometimes with yellow tones in the proximal portion. Tarsomeres I and II with black ends and a larger, central yellow portion. Dorsal abdomen light brown, contrasting with the connexivum; abdominal glands scars usually yellow. Connexival segments usually with yellow spots on the central portion and the posterior margin; spiracles sometimes yellowish; abdominal sternites light brown and posterior margin usually yellow. Female sternite VII brown to reddish brown, with darker lateral margins and posterolateral angles; plica usually contrasting, yellow or black. Genital capsule dark reddish brown. Morphology Head. Subquadrangular, covered by tiny bristles, mainly in the dorsal surface and antennae. Deflected clypeus, extending beyond the antenniferous tubercles and mandibular plates. Deflected and concave mandibular plates. Antennomeres ratio: IV>I>II>III; antennomere I slightly more robust than II and IV; antennomere III usually expanded between the median portion and the apex, the external expansion larger than the internal, the latter grooved; antennomere IV fusiform. Thorax. Semitrapezoidal pronotum; collar marked dorsally, laterally not projected in relation to the head and posterior margin slightly concave; anterior pronotal angles subtly projected to the sides, without spine; smooth anterolateral margins, with tubercles close to the humeral angle; salient humeral angles, not forming a spine, in some specimens slightly sloping in posterior view; posterolateral margin truncated and smooth. Pronotal disc with tiny protrusions, usually imperceptible with the thin layer of bristles, which gives a velvety appearance to the surface; pronotal calli smooth, without bristles and not protruding; posterior portion of the pronotal disc deflected in relation to the central portion, giving the impression of a low carina. Scutellum as wide as long; wider than long in some females; generally with wrinkles irregularly distributed. Hemelytra reaching the last abdominal segment; corium covered by tiny bristles; hemelytral membrane with 4 to 5 basal cells followed by many parallel longitudinal veins. Pleura with few and sparse bristles; in some specimens, tufts of yellowish bristles lateral to the coxal sockets. Scent gland ostiole larger than peritreme; elongated peritreme, with the anterior portion larger than the posterior.Reduced prosternum, due to the closeness of the procoxae; meso- and metasternum smooth. Unarmed coxae and trochanters, except the male hind legs. Pro- and mesofemora with a pair of distal spines, positioned side by side and on two reduced carinas; smooth dorsal and lateral margins, including in the metafemora. Metafemora with 4-7 spines arranged in two rows, which may vary in the same individual; the male central and distal spines larger than the others, which may be greater in number than in females; when the female distal spine is robust, subsequent spines progressively smaller towards the femoral apex. Pro- and mesotibiae subtriangular in cross section, without spines, grooved dorsally and with thickened distally.Ventrally expanded metatibiae, the expansion reduced in the female; grooved anteriorly, longitudinally curved in the male and straight in the female; with a ventral row of 3-4 tiny apical spines, one of them larger in the male. Tarsomeres I and II triangular in cross section with numerous setae covering the ventral margin; tarsomere III club-shaped. Abdomen. Connexivum and sternites with few sparse bristles. Connexiva III-VII with apical spine, usually larger in the male and absent in the female connexivum VII. Spiracles III-VII large, elliptical, and with slightly projected margins. Grooves and punctures near spiracles III-VII.Posterior margin of male’s sternite VII uniformly convex, with a median longitudinal fissure. Posterior margin of female’s sternite VII strongly concave, with truncated posterolateral margins not extending beyond the posterior margin of valvifers VIII; presence of a longitudinal fissure with overlapping margins and with the posterior and central margins projected over valvifers VIII. Female plica concave to straight and anterior to the spiracles. Anterior margin of the female tergite IX projected anteriorly. Male genitalia (Figs 22-24 ). Genital capsule covered by bristles posteriorly (Figs 22; 23 A-C), piriform in dorsal and ventral views and rounded in posterior view; superior layer of ventral rim expanded in two rounded or triangular lateral projections (Figs 22; 23B: Vlp); posterior margin of the inferior layer of ventral rim straight to sinuous (Figs 22; 23B: Pls). Parameres not visible in rest position, thin and sclerotized; head hook-shaped, foot slightly wider than the body; inner margin grooved (probably the ‘inner camber’ by Tsai et al. (2011)) and covered by long bristles (Fig. 23D). Phallotheca markedly sclerotized ventrally (Fig. 24B: Ph). Ductus seminis long and not spiraled, completely enveloped by the membranous vesicle (Fig. 24A: Ds). Disticonjunctiva with an elongated and dorsally slender process (Fig. 24C: Dp); ventrolateral process truncated and striated (Fig. 24B: Vp); lateral inner process rounded (Fig. 24C: Bsp); upper lateral process larger than the others, with the dorsal margin hook-shaped and the ventral rounded and elongate
Published as part of S., Wanessa da, Costa & Campos, Luiz A., 2022, Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798), pp. 503-547 in Zoosystema 44 (21) on pages 527-536, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a21, http://zenodo.org/record/7341932
{"references":["FABRICIUS J. C. 1798. - Classis XII: Ryngota. Supplementum Entomologiae Systematicae. Christ. Gottl. Proft, Copenhague, 552 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 122153","LICHTENSTEIN A. A. H. 1796. - Catalogus musei zoologici ditissimi Hamburgi, d. III. Februar 1796 auctionis lege distrahendi. Sectio tertia. Continens Insecta. 13. Schniebes, Hamburg, 224 p.","FABRICIUS J. C. 1803. - Systema Rhyngotorum secundum ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonym is, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. C. Reichard, Brunsvigae, 360 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11644","LATREILLE P. A. 1807. - Genera crustaceorum et insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familias disposita: iconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata. Volume 3. Amand Koenig, Parisiis et Argentorati, Paris and Londres, 640 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5093","THUNBERG C. P. 1823. - Fauna Americae Meridionalis. 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Orthopteres, Neuropteres, Hemipteres, Lepidopteres, et Dipteres. Hemipteres, Volume 3. Dumeril, Paris, 134 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59226","WESTWOOD J. O. 1842. - A Catalogue of Hemiptera in the collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope 2: 1 - 26.","DALLAS W. S. 1852. - List of the specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Catalog of Hemiptera. Part 2. Taylor and Francis, London, 638 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20373","STAL C. 1858 [1859]. - Hemipterologiska bidrag. Ofversigt af Konglika Vetenskaps-Akadamiens Forhandlingar 15: 433 - 454.","STAL C. 1867. - Analecta hemipterologica. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 10: 151 - 172. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18660100112","STAL C. 1868 [1867]. - Bidrag till Hemipterernas systematik. Ofversigt af Konglika Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 24: 491 - 560. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61897","UHLER P. R. 1869. - Notices of the Hemiptera Obtained by the Expedition of Prof. James Orton in Ecuador and Brazil. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 12: 321 - 327.","BERG C. 1879. - Hemiptera Argentina enumeravit speciesque novas. X typographiae P. E. Coni, Bonariae, 316 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36493","DISTANT W. L. 1881 - 1893. - Insecta. Rhynchota. Hemiptera Heteroptera. Volume 1 - 3. Biologia Centrali Americana, London, 462 p.","DISTANT W. L. 1901. - Revision of the Rhynchota belonging to the family Coreidae in the Hope Collection at Oxford. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1: 325 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1901. tb 08549. x","LETHIERRY L. F. & SEVERIN G. 1894. - Catalogue general des hemipteres. Tome II Heteropteres: Coreidae, Berytidae, Lygaeidae, Pyrrhociridae. 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O Campo 8: 70 - 71.","BLOTE H. C. 1938. - Catalogue of the Coreidae in the Rijksmuseum van natuurlijke Historie. Part 4. Coreinae, Third part. Zoologische Mededeelingen, Leiden 20: 275 - 308.","SCHAEFER C. W. & O'SHEA R. 1979. - Host plants of three coreine tribes (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 72: 519 - 523. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 72.4.519","O'SHEA R. 1980. - A generic revision of the Nematopodini (Heteroptera: Coreidae: Coreinae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 15 (3 - 4): 197 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650528009360574","FROESCHNER R. C. 1981. - Heteroptera or true bugs of Ecuador: A partial catalog. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 322: 1 - 147. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.322","ALDRICH J. R., KOCHANSKY J. P., LUSBY W. R. & DUTKY S. R. 1982. - Volatile male-specific natural products of a coreid bug (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Journal of Chemical Ecology 8: 1370 - 1375. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01403100","SCHAEFER C. W. & MITCHELL P. L. 1983. - Food plants of the Coreoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 76: 591 - 615. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 76.4.591","BERG C. 1881. - Sinonimia y Descripcion de algunos Hemipterros de Chile, del Brasil y de Bolivia. Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina 12: 259 - 272.","BRAILOVSKY H. & GUERRERO I. 2014. - Revision del genero Pachylis con descripcion de dos especies nuevas, sinonimias y datos de distribucion (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae: Nematopodini). Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 85 (2): 363 - 382. https: // doi. org / 10.7550 / rmb. 41466","GRAZIA- VIEIRA J. & CASINI C. E. 1973. - Lista preliminar dos heteropteros uruguaios da regiao Nordeste. Pentatomidae e Coreidae (Insecta; Heteroptera). Iheringia Serie Zoologia, 44: 55 - 63.","CONCEICAO S. A. 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Hemiptera, Pachylis, Insecta, Arthropoda, Animalia, Biodiversity, Coreidae, and Taxonomy

Pachylis Le Peletier & Serville, 1825 Pachylis Le Peletier & Serville, 1825: 62. — Latreille 1829: 196; 1836: 120. — Griffith & Pidgeon 1832: 218. — Laporte 1833: 25, 29. — Burmeister 1835: 300. — Brullé 1835: 353. — Herrich-Schäffer 1836: 62, plate XCII. — Spinola 1837: 38, table 7. — Voigt 1839: 373. — Blanchard 1840: 120; 1845: 441; 1847: 380. — Westwood 1840 [1839]: 482; 1842: 4; 1849: 564. — Drapiez 1842: 265. — Agassiz 1843: 14. — Amyot & Serville 1843: XXXI, 194. — Audouin et al. 1845: 36. — Signoret 1847: 301. — Herrich-Schäffer 1850: 239. — Spinola 1850: 81. — Dallas 1852: 378. — Chenu & Desmarest 1859: 213. — Dohrn 1859: 24. — Stål 1858 [1859]: 439; 1858: 29; 1862: 275; 1867: 158; 1868[1867]: 538; 1870: 131; 1873: 36. — Fauvel 1862: 275. — Costa 1868: 35. — Walker 1871: 43, 52; 1873: 32. — Uhler 1886: 10. — Lethierry & Severin 1894: 13-14. — Pittier & Biolley 1895: 15. — Kirkaldy 1900: 265; 1901: 178. — Osborn 1904: 197. — Bergroth 1913: 144. — Pennington 1920: 13. — Piza 1958: 949. — O’Shea & Schaefer 1978: 783. — O’Shea 1980: 199. — Froeschner 1981: 23; 1999: 46. — Brailovsky et al. 1994b: 319. — Schaefer & Packauskas 1997: 207. — Packauskas 2010: 176. — Brailovsky & Guerrero 2014: 365. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. — Costa et al. 2021: 309. Thasus Stål, 1865: 174; 1868[1867]: 538; 1870: 132. — Distant 1881: 108. — Lethierry & Severin 1894: 14. — Torre-Bueno 1941: 53. — O’Shea 1980: 218. — Froeschner 1981: 23; 1988: 88. — Brailovsky et al. 1994b: 319. — Packauskas 2010: 187. — Kieran et al. 2019: 299. — Forthman et al. 2019: 528; 2020: 2. — Emberts et al. 2020: figs S2-S5. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020 n. syn. TYPE SPECIES. — Pachylis: Cimex pharaonis Herbst, 1784, subsequent designation by Blanchard (1847) (See more information in Dolling 2010). Thasus: Pachylis acutangula Stål, 1858, subsequent designation by O’Shea (1980). EXAMINED MATERIAL. — See Supplementary material (Appendix 1). INCLUDED SPECIES Pachylis acutangulus Stål, 1858 [1859] stat. rev. Pachylis argentinus Berg, 1879. Pachylis bipunctatus (Thunberg, 1825). Pachylis carchinus (Brailovsky & Barrera in Brailovsky et al., (1994b)) n. comb. Pachylis gigas Klug, 1835 in Burmeister (1835) stat. rev. Pachylis heteropus (Latreille, 1811) stat. rev. Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798). Pachylis luteolus (Brailovsky & Barrera in Brailovsky et al., 1994b) n. comb. Pachylis neocalifornicus (Brailovsky & Barrera in Brailovsky et al., 1994b) n. comb. Pachylis nervosus Dallas, 1852. Pachylis odonnellae (Schaefer & Packauskas in Brailovsky et al., 1994b) n. comb. Pachylis peramplus Brailovsky & Guerrero, 2014. Pachylis pharaonis (Herbst, 1784). Pachylis rutilus (Brailovsky & Barrera in Brailovsky et al., 1994b) n. comb. Pachylis tenuicornis Dallas, 1852. Pachylis obscura Spinola, 1837 incertae sedis. Pachylis striatus (Thunberg, 1825) incertae sedis. DIAGNOSIS. — Robust body covered with tiny bristles; Pachylis includes the largest species of Coreidae, some specimens reaching more than 40 mm in length. Color varies from black to brown, with yellow or red spots in some species, mainly on the antennae, hemelytra, and legs. Head width less than half the pronotal width. Eye width less than half the head width; pre-ocellar tubercle absent; clypeus not elevated above the antenniferous tubercles; antennomeres I, II, and IV cylindrical, III laterally expanded, reduced in some species; apex of rostrum never surpassing the mesocoxae. Thorax with pronotum steeply declivous; pro- and mesosternum flat; male metatrochanters and metacoxae bearing a rounded spine; male metafemora expanded and robust; male metatibiae curved longitudinally, expanded and with spines on the inner margin, in some species also on the dorsal margin; male connexivum exposed, except in Pachylis acutangulus (Stål, 1858 [1859]) stat. rev. Sclerotized tooth in valvula IX, sometimes bifid as in P. gigas Klug in Burmeister, 1835 stat. rev. Coupled spermathecal pump of varying proportions, cupuliform in P. bipunctatus. Genital capsule with bifid or contiguous ventral rim; cuplike sclerite and cross bridge present but not projected; vesica straight and membranous; ductus seminis distalis twice or almost twice the phallothecal length, except in Pachylis pharaonis; disticonjunctiva with two pairs of processes, one anterior upper lateral hook-shaped, and one posterior of variable shape (rounded, sinuous or bifid) and as wide as long. REMARKS The diagnostic characteristics of Pachylis and Thasus are identical, with only the absence or presence of the ventral expansion in the posterior metatibiae purportedly distinguishing them (Brailovsky et al. 1994b; Brailovsky & Guerrero 2014). In the cladistic analysis the ventral expansion resulted homoplasic, not allowing for the separation between Pachylis and Thasus as suggested by previous taxonomic works (Brailovsky et al. 1994b; Brailovsky & Guerrero 2014). Therefore, the classification presented here is based on the phylogenetic results. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PACHYLIS LE PELETIER & SERVILLE, 1825 The present key is based on Schaefer & Packauskas (1997), Brailovsky & Guerrero (2014), and Brailovsky et al. (1994 B). 1. Humeral angles obtuse but with a small spine (if spine absent, angle obtuse) (Fig. 17A); posterior margin of pronotum with shallow median depression (Fig. 17A). Ventrally expanded metatibiae (Fig. 18A)............... 2 — Humeral angles sharp, acuminate, sometimes with a spine (if spine removed, angle remains acuminate) (Fig. 17B); posterior margin of pronotum straight (Fig. 17B). Expanded dorsal and ventral metatibiae (Fig. 18B)........... 8 2. Antennomeres III black, reduced expansion (less than segment width) (Fig. 18C)....................................... 3 — Antennomeres III bicolor, lighter on basal third or median portion, of red to yellow tones, and the rest black; well-marked expansion (equals or twice the segment width) (Fig. 18D)...................................................... 5 3. Pronotal disc with two or three dark orange or reddish longitudinal bands (Fig. 17A). Reddish brown scutellum with yellowish lateral margins, apex, and longitudinal band (Fig. 17A). Posterior margin of abdominal sternite VII without a median longitudinal fissure (Fig. 17F).................................. Pachylis pharaonis (Herbst, 1784) — Pronotal disc light brown and without dark orange or reddish longitudinal bands (Fig. 17C). Dark brown scutellum with lateral margins and apex dark orange, without a light longitudinal band (Fig. 17C). Posterior margin of abdominal sternite VII with a median longitudinal fissure (Fig. 17G)......................................... 4 4. Pronotum width greater than 13.20mm (male) and 11.20mm (female). Connexival segments III-VII dark brown (Fig. 19A); posterior margin of connexival segments IV-VI with a small, wider than long spine (Fig. 19A), and male VII without spine........................................................................ Pachylis bipunctatus (Thunberg, 1825) — Pronotum width is less than 11.60mm (male) and 10.90mm (female). Connexival segments III-VII reddish brown with a yellowish macula in the middle third (Fig. 19B); posterior margin of connexival segments IV-VI with a large, longer than wide spine (Fig. 19B), and male VII with spine..... Pachylis tenuicornis Dallas, 1852 5. Antennomere I light orange, black on base and apex; antennomere II light orange, black on apex (Fig. 18D)............................................................................................. Pachylis peramplus Brailovsky & Guerrero, 2014 — Antennomeres I and II black or reddish brown (Fig. 18E)........................................................................... 6 6. Pronotal humeral angles acute and elevated, anterolateral margins yellowish or dark orange yellow (Fig. 17D). Lateral margins of the scutellum yellow (Fig. 18B). Black femora, tibiae, and trochanters. Posterior margin of abdominal sternite VII without a median longitudinal fissure......................... Pachylis argentinus Berg, 1879 — Pronotal humeral angles obtuse, reddish brown to black anterolateral margins (Fig. 17E). Lateral margins of the scutellum reddish brown or black, not contrasting with the disc (Fig. 17E). Femora, tibiae, and trochanters are never entirely black. Posterior margin of abdominal sternite VII with a median longitudinal fissure...... 7 7. Clavus and corium veins yellow, contrasting with the reddish brown surface of the hemelytra (Fig. 19C). Posterior margin of pronotum markedly yellow (Fig. 17E).................................... Pachylis nervosus Dallas, 1852 — Clavus and corium veins not contrasting with the rest of the hemelytra (Fig. 19D). Posterior margin of the pronotum not contrasting with the disc................................................... Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798) 8. Antennomeres III dark, expansion marrow and elliptical (Fig. 18 K-M)....................................................... 9 — Antennomeres III dark brown (Pachylis carchinus n. comb.) or bicolored, expansion broad (Fig. 18 F-J).... 11 9. Connexival segments IV-VII dark brown, with yellow spots (Fig. 19E). Clavus and corium veins pale, contrasting with the hemelytral surface (Fig. 19E)..................................................................................................................................... Pachylis luteolus (Schaefer & Packauskas, 1994 in Brailovsky et al. (1994 B)) n. comb. — Connexival segments IV-VII dark brown to orange, without yellow spots (Fig. 19F). Clavus and corium veins not contrasting with the hemelytral surface (Fig. 19F)............................................................................... 10
Published as part of S., Wanessa da, Costa & Campos, Luiz A., 2022, Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798), pp. 503-547 in Zoosystema 44 (21) on pages 517-537, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a21, http://zenodo.org/record/7341932
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S., BARCELLOS A. & BRAILOVSKY H. 2021. - Cladistic analysis of Spartocerini Amyot & Serville 1843 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae). Insect Systematics & Evolution, Advance Articles 52: 298 - 334. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 1876312 X-bja 10011","STAL C. 1865. - Hemiptera nova vel minus cognita. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 4: 163 - 188.","STAL C. 1868. - Hemiptera Fabriciana. Fabricianska Hemipterarter, efter de i Kopenhamn och Kiel forvarade typexemplaren granskade och beskrifne. I. Kongliga Svenska VetenskapsAkademiens Forhandlingar 7: 1 - 148.","DISTANT W. L. 1881 - 1893. - Insecta. Rhynchota. Hemiptera Heteroptera. Volume 1 - 3. Biologia Centrali Americana, London, 462 p.","TORRE- BUENO J. R. DE LA. 1941. - A synopsis o f the Hemiptera-Heteroptera of America north of Mexico. Part II. Families Coreidae, Alydidae, Corizidae, Neididae, Pyrrhocoridae and Thaumastotheriidae. Entomologica Americana, New Series 21: 41 - 122.","FROESCHNER R. C. 1988. - Family Coreidae Leach, 1815, in HENRY, T. J. & FROESCHNER R. C. (eds), Catalog of the Heteroptera, or true bugs, of Canada and the continental United States. E. J. Brill, New York, 958 p. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781351070447 - 9","KIERAN T. J., GORDON E. R. L., FORTHMAN M., HOEY- CHAMBERLAIN R., KIMBALL R. T., FAIRCLOTH B. C., WEIRAUCH C. & GLENN T. C. 2019. - Insight from an ultraconserved element bait set designed for hemipteran phylogenetics integrated with genomic resources. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 130: 297 - 303. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2018.10.026","FORTHMAN M., MILLER C. & KIMBALL R. 2019. - Phylogenomic analysis suggests Coreidae and Alydidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are not monophyletic. Zoologica Scripta 48: 520 - 534. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12353","FORTHMAN M., MILLER C. W. & KIMBALL R. T. 2020. - Phylogenomics of the leaf-footed bug subfamily Coreinae (Hemiptera: Coreidae): applicability of ultraconserved elements at shallower depths. BioRxiv (pre-print. March 20, 2020). https: // doi. org / 10.1101 / 2020.03.18.997569","EMBERTS Z., MARY C. M. ST., HOWARD C. C., FORTHMAN M., BATEMAN P. W., SOMJEE U., HWANG W. S., LI D., KIMBALL R. T. & MILLER C. W. 2020. - The evolution of autotomy in leaf-footed bugs. Evolution 74 (5): 897 - 910. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / evo. 13948","LINNAEUS C. 1758. - Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Editio decima Larentio Sal VII. Holmiae, Sweden, 881 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","HERBST J. F. W. 1784. - Kurze Einleitung zur Kenntniss der Insekten, fur Ungeubte und Anfanger, in BOROWSKI (ed) Gemeinnutzige Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs, Berlin and Stralsund, 278 p.","FABRICIUS J. C. 1803. - Systema Rhyngotorum secundum ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonym is, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. C. Reichard, Brunsvigae, 360 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11644","FABRICIUS J. C. 1798. - Classis XII: Ryngota. Supplementum Entomologiae Systematicae. Christ. Gottl. Proft, Copenhague, 552 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 122153","BERG C. 1879. - Hemiptera Argentina enumeravit speciesque novas. X typographiae P. E. Coni, Bonariae, 316 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36493","DOLLING W. 2010. - Manuscript catalogue parts (http: // coreoidea. speciesfile. org / Common / basic / SupplTaxonInfo. aspx? SupplTaxonInfoID = 2556). In COREOIDEASF TEAM (ed) Coreoidea Species File Online. Version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from: http: // Coreoidea. SpeciesFile. org / (junho / 2020)","THUNBERG C. P. 1825. - Insectorum hemelytrorum tria genera illustrata. Palmblad et c., Upsala, 10 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8189","KLUG J. C. F. 1835. - Pachylis gigas. In BURMEISTER H. (ed) Handbuch der Entomologie. Gustav Reimer, Berlin, 400 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35274","LATREILLE P. A. 1811. - Insectes de l'Amerique Equinoxiale, recueillis pendant la voyage de MM, in HUMBOLDT A. & BONPLAND A. (ed.), Recueil d'Observations de Zoologie et d'anatomie comparee; Faites dans l'ocean Atlantique, dans l'interieur du nouveau continent et dans la mer du Sud, pendant le annees 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, et 1803. Gallica Bibliotheque Numerique, Paris, 416 p.","BRAILOVSKY H., BARRERA E., MAYORGA C. & LEON G. O. 1994 a. - Estadios ninfales de los coreidos del valle de Tehuacan, Puebla. (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) I. Chelinidea staffilesi, C. tabulate y Narnia femorata. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico 65: 241 - 264.","SCHAEFER C. W. & PACKAUSKAS R. 1994. - Thasus odonnellae. in BRAILOVSKY H., SCHAEFER C. W., BARRERA E. & PACKAUSKAS R. (1994 B) A revision of the genus Thasus (Hemiptera: Coreidae: Coreinae: Nematopodini). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 102: 318 - 343."]}

Hemiptera, Pachylis, Insecta, Arthropoda, Pachylis neocalifornicus, Animalia, Biodiversity, Coreidae, and Taxonomy

Pachylis neocalifornicus (Brailovsky & Barrera in Brailovsky et al. 1994b) n. comb. Pachylis gigas (misapplied name (CoreoideaSF Team 2020)) – Uhler 1875: 831; 1876: 295; 1877: 1325; 1886: 10; 1894: 232. — Torre- Bueno & Ambrose 1936: 184. — Blöte 1938: 303. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. Thasus gigas (misapplied name (CoreoideaSF Team 2020)) – Glover 1876: 56. — Distant 1881: 108. — Van Duzee 1917: 92; 1923: 132. — Torre-Bueno 1942: 184; 1940: 102. — O’Shea 1980: 213. — Froeschner 1988: 89. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. Thasus acutangulus (misapplied name (CoreoideaSF Team 2020)) – Torre-Bueno 1940: 45; 1941: 54; 1945: 83. — Slater & Baranowski 1978: 57. — O’Shea 1980: 218. — Arnett 2000: 256. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. Thasus sp. – Jones 1993: 6. Thasus neocalifornicus Brailovsky & Barrera in Brailovsky et al., 1994b: 325. — Forbes & Schaefer 2003: 235. — Prudic et al. 2008: 734-741. — Packauskas 2010: 189. — Forthman et al. 2019: 529, 529; 2020: fig. 3. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. NON- TYPE MATERIAL. — United States • 1♀; Dabrino Canyon D. Catalmambi, Arizona; F. M. Jones coll.; 24.IX.[?]23; CAS • 3 ♀, 3♂; Arizona, Madera Canyon, Pina County, 8 mi SE Continental; Montain View (Prosopis juliflora); JCS/MLP, R. L. Aalbu coll.; J. Helfer col.; D. B. Thomas coll.; coll. Steve Fend Saelon Renks 607; 3.X.1960; 20.VIII.1971; 7.VIII.1972, 16.VIII.[19?]76, 14.VIII.1981; CAS • ♀, ♂; Box / Madera Canyon AZ; 11.VIII. [19?]77 • 1♀, 1♂; Arizona, Patagonia, J. W. coll., E. R. Leach; VIII. [19?]38; 1.VIII.1940; CAS • 2 ♀, 2 ♂; Arizona, Cochise Co. Mule Mts, Mule Gulch, AZ80 & Dbl Adobe Rd; 31°26.5’N, 109°49.5’W; Desert grass land; 1400 m; Barrick Museum 0433, San Bernardino Ranch, WL Partt, P. R. Emrlich leg.; 30.VIII. [19?]61; 7.VIII.1995; CAS • 1♂; Arizona, Cochise Co. Benson; Richard M. Brown; 5.VIII.2001; CAS • 1♀; Santa Cruz Co., Tumacacori, AZ; IX.1993; CAS. Mexico • 4 ♂, 2 ♀; Baja Calif. Sur Miraflores; 5.0 km E San Antonio; H. G. Real & R. E. Main; R. L. Aalbu coll.; 8.VIII.1971 /23. VIII.75(1975?); CAS • 2 ♀, 2 ♂; Sonora 5min N. E. Santa Ana; R. L. Aalbu collr. 1.VIII.73(1973); CAS • 4 ♀, 1♂; Sinaloa, Rio Fuerte at Hwy. 15, Mazatlan; R. L. Aalbu collected at Blacklite; VIII.68(1968?), 17/30.VII.73(1973?); CAS • 1♀; Aguascalientes & Jalisco border on rt. 45 Acacia scrub 6500’; Rolf L. Aalbu coll., 9.VII.1982; CAS • 1♂; Michoacan 25min W La Barca nr. Lago de Chapala; Griswold & Jackson coll.; 11.IX.76(1976?); CAS. Unspecified Locality Data. 2 ♀, 1♂; Ariz. Snoru.; EPVanDuzee coll.; CAS.
Published as part of S., Wanessa da, Costa & Campos, Luiz A., 2022, Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798), pp. 503-547 in Zoosystema 44 (21) on page 522, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a21, http://zenodo.org/record/7341932
{"references":["BRAILOVSKY H., SCHAEFER C. W., BARRERA E. & PACKAUSKAS R. 1994 b. - A revision of the genus Thasus (Hemiptera: Coreidae: Coreinae: Nematopodini). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 102: 318 - 343.","CoreoideaSF Team 2020. - Coreoidea Species File Online. Version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from: http: // Coreoidea. SpeciesFile. org / (junho / 2020).","UHLER P. R. 1875. - Report on the collections of Hemiptera made in portions of Nevada, Utah, California, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona, during the years 1871 m 1873 and 1874. Report upon the United States Geological and Geographical Explorations and Surveys West of the One Hundred Meridian, in Charge of First Lieut. George Montague Wheeler, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army 5: 829 - 842.","UHLER P. R. 1876. - List of Hemiptera of the region West of the Mississippi River. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories 1: 269 - 361.","UHLER P. R. 1877. - Report upon the Hemiptera collected during the years 1874 and 1875, by Mr. P. R. Uhler, in WHEELER, G. M. (ed.), Annual Report upon the Geographical Surveys (West of the One-hundredth Meridian) of the Chief Engineer for 1877. Appendix MN: 1322 - 1334.","UHLER P. R. 1886. - Check List of Hemiptera-Heteroptera of North America. Brooklyn Entomological Society, Brooklyn, New York, 32 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12636","UHLER P. R. 1894. - Observations upon the heteropterous Hemiptera of Lower California, with description of new species. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 2: 223 - 295.","TORRE- BUENO J. R. DE LA. & AMBROSE W. G. 1936. - Effects of the protective vapors of the coreid bug Thasus gigas on a tarantula (Eurypelma sp.). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 31: 184.","BLOTE H. C. 1938. - Catalogue of the Coreidae in the Rijksmuseum van natuurlijke Historie. Part 4. Coreinae, Third part. Zoologische Mededeelingen, Leiden 20: 275 - 308.","GLOVER T. 1876. - Manuscript notes from my journal or illustration of insects, native and foreign. Orden Hemiptera. Subordern Heteroptera or plant bugs. Written & Etched by Townend Glover, transferred to & printed from stone by J. C. Entwisle, Washington, 330 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12595","DISTANT W. L. 1881 - 1893. - Insecta. Rhynchota. Hemiptera Heteroptera. Volume 1 - 3. Biologia Centrali Americana, London, 462 p.","VAN DUZEE E. P. 1917. - Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America North of Mexico, excepting the Aphididae, Coccidae and Aleurodidae. University of California Publications. Technical Bulletins, Berkeley, 974 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7789","VAN DUZEE E. P. 1923. - Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Gulf of California in 1921. The Hemiptera (True Bugs, etc.). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 12: 123 - 200.","TORRE- BUENO J. R. DE LA. 1942. - Note on distribution of Heteroptera. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 37: 183 - 185.","TORRE- BUENO J. R. DE LA. 1940. - Thasus gigas Burmeister, a correction. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 35: 102.","O'SHEA R. 1980. - A generic revision of the Nematopodini (Heteroptera: Coreidae: Coreinae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 15 (3 - 4): 197 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650528009360574","FROESCHNER R. C. 1988. - Family Coreidae Leach, 1815, in HENRY, T. J. & FROESCHNER R. C. (eds), Catalog of the Heteroptera, or true bugs, of Canada and the continental United States. E. J. Brill, New York, 958 p. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781351070447 - 9","TORRE- BUENO J. R. DE LA. 1941. - A synopsis o f the Hemiptera-Heteroptera of America north of Mexico. Part II. Families Coreidae, Alydidae, Corizidae, Neididae, Pyrrhocoridae and Thaumastotheriidae. Entomologica Americana, New Series 21: 41 - 122.","TORRE- BUENO J. R. DE LA. 1945. - Random notes on Thasus acutangulus. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 40: 83.","SLATER J. A. & BARANOWSKI R. 1978. - How to Know the True Bugs (Hemiptera- Heteroptera). The Picture Key Nature Series. William C Brown Pub, Dubuque, Iowa, 256 p.","ARNETT R. H. 2000. - American Insects, A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico. CRC Press, Washington, 1003 p. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781482273892","JONES W. A. 1993. - New host and habitat associations for some Arizona Pentatomoidea and Coreidae. Southwestern Entomologist Supplement 16: 1 - 29.","FORBES G. & SCHAEFER C. W. 2003. - Further notes on the genus Thasus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 111: 235 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.1664 / 0028 - 7199 (2003) 111 [0235: FNOTGT] 2.0. CO; 2","PRUDIC K., NOGE K. & BECERRA J. 2008. - Adults and nymphs do not smell the same: the different defensive compounds of the giant mesquite bug (Thasus neocalifornicus: Coreidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 34: 734 - 741.","PACKAUSKAS R. 2010. - Catalog of the Coreidae, or Leaf-Footed Bugs, of the New World. Fort Hays State University (ser. 4, n. 5), Kansas, 270 p.","FORTHMAN M., MILLER C. & KIMBALL R. 2019. - Phylogenomic analysis suggests Coreidae and Alydidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are not monophyletic. Zoologica Scripta 48: 520 - 534. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12353","FORTHMAN M., MILLER C. W. & KIMBALL R. T. 2020. - Phylogenomics of the leaf-footed bug subfamily Coreinae (Hemiptera: Coreidae): applicability of ultraconserved elements at shallower depths. BioRxiv (pre-print. March 20, 2020). https: // doi. org / 10.1101 / 2020.03.18.997569"]}

Hemiptera, Pachylis, Insecta, Arthropoda, Animalia, Pachylis nervosus, Biodiversity, Coreidae, and Taxonomy

Pachylis nervosus Dallas, 1852 Pachylis nervosus Dallas, 1852: 383. — Dohrn 1859: 30. — Stål 1870: 132. — Walker 1871: 52. — Lethierry & Severin 1894: 13. — Van Duzee 1901: 346. — O’Shea 1980: 211. — Packauskas 2010: 178. — Linares & Orozco 2017: 16. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. NON- TYPE MATERIAL. — México • 1♀; Yucatan; CAS • 3 ♀; Chiapas, S. slope of Cerro Vernal 13 mi. S. of Tonalá; alt. 610 m; 5.X.1974; D. E. Breedlove & J. A. Breedlove; CAS • 1♀, 1♂; Cuernavaca, Crawfor; CAS. Belize • 1♀; California Academy of Sciences Collection 180 Gift from Pomona College; CAS 4736. Costa Rica • 1♂; Mrs. E. L. Kerr coll.; 1.IX.1906. Panamá • 7 ♂, 5 ♀; Canal Zone, Fort Clayton, Paul W. Johnson Pres. to Calif. Acad. Sci. by David Johnson, Pres. by K. E. Frick coll.; IV.44(1944?); 25.IX.45(1945?), 23.VII/ 10.VIII.1956; CAS. Brazil • 1♀; Amazonas, Manaus; INPA; E. F. Ribeiro; 12.III.1982; INPA. No Data • ♀; CAS.
Published as part of S., Wanessa da, Costa & Campos, Luiz A., 2022, Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798), pp. 503-547 in Zoosystema 44 (21) on pages 522-525, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a21, http://zenodo.org/record/7341932
{"references":["DALLAS W. S. 1852. - List of the specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Catalog of Hemiptera. Part 2. Taylor and Francis, London, 638 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20373","DOHRN A. 1859. - Catalogus Hemipterorum. Entomologischer Verein in Stettin, Alemanha, 130 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8515","STAL C. 1870 - 1876. - Enumeratio Hemipterorum Bidrag till en forteckning ofver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska middelanden [1870, part 1, 9: 1 - 232; 1873, part. 3, 11 (2): 1 - 163]. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 938 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12549","LETHIERRY L. F. & SEVERIN G. 1894. - Catalogue general des hemipteres. Tome II Heteropteres: Coreidae, Berytidae, Lygaeidae, Pyrrhociridae. Academie Royale de Belgique, Bruxelles, 227 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15830","VAN DUZEE E. P. 1901. - Notes on some Hemiptera from British Guiana. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 27: 343 - 352.","O'SHEA R. 1980. - A generic revision of the Nematopodini (Heteroptera: Coreidae: Coreinae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 15 (3 - 4): 197 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650528009360574","PACKAUSKAS R. 2010. - Catalog of the Coreidae, or Leaf-Footed Bugs, of the New World. Fort Hays State University (ser. 4, n. 5), Kansas, 270 p.","LINARES C. & OROZCO J. 2017. - The Coreidae of Honduras (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 5: 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 5. e 13067","CoreoideaSF Team 2020. - Coreoidea Species File Online. Version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from: http: // Coreoidea. SpeciesFile. org / (junho / 2020)."]}

Hemiptera, Pachylis, Insecta, Arthropoda, Animalia, Biodiversity, Pachylis pharaonis, Coreidae, and Taxonomy

Pachylis pharaonis (Herbst, 1784) “Pharaos-Wantz” (vernacular name) Stoll, 1780: 19. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. “De Pharaos-Wantz” (vernacular name) Stoll, 1782: 75. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. Cimex pharaonis Herbst, 1784: 258. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. Cimex seriatus Reich, 1795: 133. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. Lygaeus psotomphaneg Lichtenstein, 1796: 110. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. Lygaeus pharaonis Fabricius, 1803: 208. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. Pendulinus bilineatus Thunberg, 1825: 4. — Stål 1855: 347. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. Pachylis fallax Stål, 1862: 276. — Stål 1870: 131. — Walker 1871: 53. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. Pachylis laticornis – Walker 1871: 52. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. Pachylis pharaonis – Burmeister 1835: 338. — Spinola 1837: 135. — Blanchard 1840: 122. — Westwood 1842: 13. — Amyot & Serville 1843: 194. — Herrich-Schaeffer 1851: 259. — Dallas 1852: 383. — Stål 1862: 276; 1868: 46; 1870: 131. — Mayr 1866: 91. — Walker 1871: 52. — Distant 1881: 107. — Berg 1892: 65-66. — Lethierry & Severin 1894: 14. — Pennington 1920: 13. — Monte 1937: 70. — Blöte 1938: 303. — Piza 1945: 120. — Schaefer & O’Shea 1979: 521. — Ueshima 1979: 69. — O’Shea 1980: 211. — Froeschner 1999: 47. — Packauskas 2010: 178. — Garcete-Barrett 2016: 131. — CoreoideaSF Team 2020. TYPE MATERIAL (PHOTOS). — Synonym type • Lygaeus pharaonis, Fabricius, 1803 – types • 1♂; ZMUC 00101310, labels: “Amer. merid. Schmidl Mũs. de Sehestedl; Lygaeus pharaonis Fabr. ” • 1♀; ZMUC 00101311, labels: “ Amer. merid. Schmidl Mũs. de Sehestedl; Lygaeus pharaonis Fabr ”, “ Lygaeus pharaonis Herbst Syst. Rhyng. P. 208. 20 Leth. Et Serv. P. 14”, “De lo eks er kun typer for Lygaeus pharaonis sensu Frabricius. Ihhe for Herbest’s art.” NON- TYPE MATERIAL. — Colômbia • 1♂; Leticia, Amazonas, Com. Monilla Amela Km 9; Bo MSNM; BTF, Parcela, Alvarez Alfonso Garcia col., OCR-2003; MPUJ. Peru • Madre de Dios Tambopata, Reserve; 12°50’S, 69°17’W; 300 m; O. Mielke; 25.X.1991; DZUP 361470. Brazil • 2 ♂; Amazonas, Manaus; B. C. Ratcliffe; Rosa; 31.VI.1977, 20.XI.82; INPA (without number) • 1♀; Amazonas, Bairro de Petrópoles, Manaus; Jônathas Vieira da Silva; 13.I.78; INPA • 1♂; Pedro, Manaus; T. M. Morais; 2.VI.82; INPA • 1♀; Aleixo; R. Py- Daniel col.; X.82; INPA • 1♂; Benjamin Constant; Alto Amazonas; MZSP • 2 ♂; Roraima; F. da Beira, F. M. Oliveira; 7.XI.64; DZUP 361471, 363436 • 3 ♂; Vilhena, Polonoroeste; C. Elias leg.; 4, 26.IX, 17.XII.1986; DZUP 361302, 361432, 363436 • 1♂; Pará Óbidos, bx. 7 Amazonas; Museu Dirings; MZSP 1846 • 1♂; Obidos, baixo Amazonas, Dirings; MZSP 1842 • 1♀, 1♂; Óbidos, A. Maller; DZUP 363432, 361467 • 1♂; Tucurui, Remansão, er. Nunes de Mello; 11.VIII.1980; INPA 5619 • 1♀; Belém, Mocambo, W. L. Overal, I. VI.1981; MPEG 05017075 • 1♂; Monte Dourado, I. S. Gerayeb; 2.XI.1979; MPEG 05016488 • 1♂; Ouro Preto d’Oeste, Projeto Polonoroeste; C. Elias leg.; 18.X.1987; DZUP 361469 • 1♀; Maranhão: Rondônia; Iza, 27.XII.88; MZSP • 1♂; Mato Grosso; Cuiabé, M. Alvarenga; I.1963; DZUP 361455 • 1♂, 1♀; Cáceres, Polonoroeste; 4.XII.1984; C. Elias leg.; DZUP 361459, 361434 • 2 ♂, 2 ♀; Est. Fontanilha; R. Humbolt; J. B. Moraes col.; 8.XI.75; L. P. Albuq. and J. B. Hernes; INPA 0173; 3 without number • 1♀, 1♂; Aripuanã, A. B. Rylands; 22.IV.1979; INPA (two without number) • 3 ♂, 3 ♀; Chapada dos Guimarães, A. A. Lise; VII.92; MCTP 1734, 1735, 1736, 1737; 1738, 1739, 1740 • 2 ♀, ♂; Mato Grosso do Sul, Inocência, Campo Bom Farm Hand collected on bush Inhã, R. A. col., 14.X.2015 (FEIS three without number • ♂; Mato Grosso do Sul, (updated location) Faz. Dr José Mendes, Três Lagoas, Exp. Dept. Zool., 14-24.X.1964; MZSP 1825 • ♂; Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, O. Monte; IBSP 0.006.825 • 4 ♀, 1♂; Minas Gerais, Passos, C. Elias leg.; 20-25.XI.61; DZUP 361460, 361457, 361461, 361472; 361476 • 2 ♀; Minas Gerais, Araxá, C. T. & C. Elias leg.; 5.IX/29.XI.65; DZUP 361458, 361491 • 1♀; Minas Gerais, Varginha; M. Alvarenga; IX.61; DZUP 361462 • 8 ♀, 2 ♂; Minas Gerais, Corinto; C. Elias; 1-10.X.1979; DZUP 363422, 363423, 363424, 363425, 363430, 363431, 363433; 363434, 363435, 363483 • 1♀; Minas Gerais, Passos de Caldas, Claudionor Elias; XI.61; DZUP 361473 • 1♀, 1♂; Minas Gerais, Inbiá; C. T & C. Elias; 20.X.1965; DZUP 361480, 361482 • 1♂; Minas Gerais, Ibiraci; C. Elias leg.; X.61; DZUP 361454 • 8 ♀, 6 ♂; Espirito Santo, Santa Teresa; 5.II.64, 12/26/29.X.64, XI.64, 7.XII.64, 3/7/8.XII.64; C. T., C. Elias leg.; DZUP 361451, 361453, 361456, 361458, 361463, 361474; 361475, 361477, 361478, 361479, 361481, 361487, 361488, 361489; 363429 • 1♂; São Paulo; A. Montorse; 19.X.57; Coleção Ferraciolli, São Paulo-SP; MZSP • 1♂; São Paulo, Fazenda Angico, Atibaia, São Paulo, E. B. Montemor; 20.X.1979; ZUEC 3130 • 1♂, 1♀; São Paulo: Guarulhos, P. A. Blumer leg.; I.1955; MNHCI 15356, 15357 • 1♂; São Paulo, Jundiaí; N. Shiroma; 27.X.1978; ZUEC 2967 • 3 ♂, 2 ♀; Campinas; E. Fornini, F. Böhcher, V. Sanches; 10.VIII.76, 16.X.76, 06/ 18.XI.1977; ZUEC 1754, 1757, 1760, 2386, 2384 • 5 ♂, 2 ♀; Joaquim Egídio, Campinas; M. I. Faccioli, L. H. Allement, C. S. Flores, D. Pedroni, L. Q. Berian, M. A. Magnani; 20/21.X.79, 04.XI.1979; ZUEC 3120, 3122, 3123, 3124, 3125, 3126, 3127 • 1♂; Foz Rio das Pedras, Campinas; G. Merlin col. Coletado em tronco; 5.XI.75; ZUEC 1755 • 2 ♂; Rio Claro, Claretiano col.; 26.X.33; MHNCI 961, 962 • 1♀, 1♂; Paraná, Porecatu; 20.X.1970; Becker-Hatschback; DZUP 361435, 361449 • 1♂; Paraná, Foz do Iguaçu; XI.1969; Dr E. Cichovski leg.; DZUP 361436 • 1♀; Paraná; C. Mourão; I.52; DZUP 361452 • 1♂; Paraná, Campus do MPEG, Curitiba, Márcio Souza; 17.VI.1993; MPEG 05017788 • 1♂; Paraná, Jussara, H. Florestal; 340 m; Exp. Dept.o ZOO UFPr; DZUP 36433 • 1♂; Paraná, Jussara; H. Florestal 340 m; Exp. Dpto. Zoo. UFPr; 12-15.X.1974; DZUP 361440 • 1♂; Rio Grande do Sul, Pelotas, Oliveira; 15.XI.1979; MCTP 22910 • 1♀; Rio Grande do Sul, Campo Novo, Mielke and Mirra; 9.XI.1985; DZUP 361468. Argentina • 1♂; Missiones; XI. 1958; MLPA • ♂; no data; MLPA.
Published as part of S., Wanessa da, Costa & Campos, Luiz A., 2022, Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798), pp. 503-547 in Zoosystema 44 (21) on pages 525-527, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a21, http://zenodo.org/record/7341932
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H. 1796. - Catalogus musei zoologici ditissimi Hamburgi, d. III. Februar 1796 auctionis lege distrahendi. Sectio tertia. Continens Insecta. 13. Schniebes, Hamburg, 224 p.","FABRICIUS J. C. 1803. - Systema Rhyngotorum secundum ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonym is, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. C. Reichard, Brunsvigae, 360 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11644","THUNBERG C. P. 1825. - Insectorum hemelytrorum tria genera illustrata. Palmblad et c., Upsala, 10 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8189","STAL C. 1855. - Entomologiska Notiser: Om Thunbergska Hemipterarter, pages 345 - 347). Ofversigt af Konglika Vetenskaps-Akadamiens Forhandlingar 12: 343 - 348.","STAL C. 1862. - Hemiptera mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit. 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DE- T. 1945. - Estudios citologicos em Hemipteros da Familia Coreidae. Anais da Escola Superior de Agricultura \" Luiz de Queiroz \" 2: 119 - 147. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0071 - 12761945000100004","SCHAEFER C. W. & O'SHEA R. 1979. - Host plants of three coreine tribes (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 72: 519 - 523. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 72.4.519","UESHIMA N. 1979. - Hemiptera II: Heteroptera. Animal Cytogenetics 3: 1 - 117.","O'SHEA R. 1980. - A generic revision of the Nematopodini (Heteroptera: Coreidae: Coreinae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 15 (3 - 4): 197 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650528009360574","FROESCHNER R. C. 1999. - True bugs (Heteroptera) of Panama: A synoptic catalog as a contribution to the study of Panamanian biodiversity. Volume 61. 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Green stink bug Plautia affinis, ecology, ethology, control, mulberry varieties

Kolhapur is situated between 150 to 170 North latitude and 730to 740 East longitude with an average rainfall 1100 mm mostly covered by monsoon and therefore with very rich biodiversity. Mulberry Morus alba L. V1 and M5 varieties have been attacked by the green stink bug Plautia affinis Dallas (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) by sucking cell sap of leaves and other tender parts of the crop affecting nutritional quality of leaves of silk worm Bombyx mori L. The pest incidence was high during the months October- November and April- May on both varieties but, V1 was more susceptible than M5. Life cycle was completed within 34 days and 37.5days on V1 and M5 varieties respectively. Both sexes were polygamous, mated mostly at day with premating, copulation and post mating periods 4 days, 36 hr and 54 days respectively. In mating behavior receptive female displayed a chain of 8 steps. Oviposition showed a chain of behaviors viz., attraction of host, recognition antennal examination of host parts, up down movement of abdomen and actual oviposition. Barrel shaped eggs were laid on the undersurface of the mulberry leaves with clusters containing 7 to 19 eggs in each cluster. Preventive controls such as collection and destruction of egg clusters, nymphs and adults and clean cultivation found effective. Biocontrol agents Trichogramma sp., Trissolcus sp., Gryan sp. and Alophora sp. were also found effective in suppressing about 60% population of pest.0.2% DDVP or 0.01% Parathion were found suitable for control of P. affinis with safe periods 17 and 13days respectively. Key words:- Green stink bug Plautia affinis, ecology, ethology, control, mulberry varieties REFERENCES Atwal, A. S. The oviposition behavior of Bagrada Cruciferarum kirkaldy (Pentatomodae: Hemiptera) and the influence of temperature and humidity on the speed of development of eggs. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India. 25B. 65-67(1959). Azim, M. N. Taxonomic survey of stink bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of India, Halters, 3. 1-10 (2011). Bernon, G., Bernhard, K. M., Woebeke, E. R., Carter, M. E., Beanland, L. Halyomorpha halyx (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), the brown marmorated stink bug; Are trees the primary host for this new invasive pest? UTR-NE-332. Proceedings of the XVUSDA. Interagency Research Forum on Gypsy moth and other Invasive species 2004. USDA Northern Research Station (23 April 2013). (2014). Hebbalkar, D. S. and Sharma, R. N. Photoperiod linked patterns of daily mating behavior in the bug Dysdercus koenigii (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae). Curr. Sci. 57(9), 472-474 (1988). Hoebeke, E. R. and Carter, M. E. Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): a polyphagus plant pest from Asia newly detected in North America. Proc. Entomology. Soc. Wash, 105, 225-237( 2003). Kirkaldy, G. W. Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera). Cimicidae (Fell L. Dames: Berin) (1909). Kobayashi, T. The developmental stages of some species of the Japanese Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera) V. Trans. Shikoku. Ent. Soc. 4, 120-130 (1956). Mc Donald, F.J. D. The life history of Cosmopela bimaculata (Thomas) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Alberta. Quaest. Ent, 4, 35-38 (1968). Mc Donald, F.J. D. Life cycle of the green stink bug Plautia affinis Dallas (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). J. Aust. Ent. Soc. 10, 271-275(1971). Mc Pherson, J. E., Mc Pherson, R. M. Stink bugs of economic importance in America North of Mexico. CRC press. Boca Raton Florida, pp 129-139 (2000). Mizell, R. F. Monitoring stink bugs with the Florida stink bug trap. Insect traps and Sampling. http// ufinsect.ifas.uff. edu/ stick-bugs/stick-bugs htm(3 April 2008). Nathalie, L. M. F., Lisset, J. M. A. Consuleo, R. - I. Massuo, J. K. and Guillermo, E. D.- P. Insecticidal activity of Piper tuberculatum extracts on the cotton stainer bug, Dysdercus peruvianus G-M (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Academic J. of Ent. 6(3), 153-161 (2013). Neilsen, A. L. Hamilton, G. C. Seasonal occurrence and impact of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in tree fruit. J. Econ. Ent, 102, 113-140 (2009). Sahayraj, K. and Hyaraja, R. Ecology of Dysdercus cingulatus morphs. Egyptian J. of Biology, 10, 122-125(2008). Sathe, T. V. Sericultural crop protection. Asawari publication, Osmanabad. Pp. 1-121 (1998). Sathe, T.V. and Margaj, G. S. Cotton pests and biocontrol agents. Pp. 1-147. Daya publishing house, New Delhi (2001). Singh, M and Sharma, R. B. Observations on the life cycle and biology of Litchi bug, Chrysocoris stolli (Wolff) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Indian J. Ent., 23, 214- 219 (1961). Smith, W. A. Tomato pest control. Qd. Agric. J. 83, 375-380 (1958).

reduviid bugs, enzymes, peptides, toxin, venomous saliva

While reduviids are a modestly well characterized group of insects, especially the blood sucking triatominae due to the medical implications of the Chagas disease, which is mainly transmitted by the infected bugs whose excrement contains Trypanosoma cruzi that enters the body through bruises or cuts in the skin of humans, their non-haematophagus counterparts are a forgotten lot and have not been thoroughly investigated. The venom in the saliva of the non-haematophagus reduviids has come into the spotlight in the last couple of decades due to the voracious predatory lifestyle that enable them to be used as biological control agents in subduing pests. But the biochemistry of reduviid venom, its action and subsequent effect on the prey, toxicity, enzymes, peptides present in the venom and their significance, the role of extra oral digestion facilitated by the venom for its predatory lifestyle have not been given much consideration. This review aims to summarize the existing body of literature regarding the venomous saliva of non-haematophagous reduviid bugs for the first time. REFERENCES Ambrose, D.P. (1999). Assassin bugs. New Delhi, India: Oxford and IBH Publ. Co. Pvt. Ltd. Ambrose, D.P. (2004). The status of biosystematics of Indian Reduviidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). In: Perspectives on biosystematics and biodiversity. Rajmohana, K., Sudheer, K., Girish, P., Kumar, Santhosh, S., (Eds.). Harvest Media Services, Calicut, 441-459. Ambrose, D.P. and Kumaraswami, N.S. (1990). Functional response of the reduviid predator Rhinocoris marginatus Fabr. on the cotton stainer Dysdercus cingulatus Fabr. Journal of Biological Control. 4(1): 22-24. Ambrose, D.P. and Maran, S.P.M. (1999). Quantification of protein content and paralytic potential of saliva of fed and prey deprived reduviid Acanthapsis pedestris Stal. (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Reduviinae). Indian Journal of Environmental Science. 3(1): 11-16. Amino, R., Martins, R.M., Procopio, J., Hirata, I.Y., Juliano, M.A. and Schenkman, S. (2002). Trialysin, a Novel Pore-forming Protein from Saliva of Hematophagous Insects Activated by Limited Proteolysis. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277(8): 6207-6213. Anand, G.B., Rizwana, F.A. and Prakash, S. (2010). Ecofriendly technology for the management of Brinjal pest using reduviids. International Journal on Applied Bioengineering. 4(2):15-18. Andersen, J.F., Francischetti, I.M.B., Jesus, G., Valenzuela, Schuck, P. and Ribeiro, J.M.C. (2003). Inhibition of Hemostasis by a High Affinity Biogenic Amine-binding Protein from the Saliva of a Blood-feeding Insect. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 4611-4617. Baptist, B.A. (1941). The morphology and physiology of the salivary glands of Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Quart. J. Micros. Sci. 83: 91-139. Cheeseman, M.T. and Gillott, C. (1987). Organization of protein digestion in Calosoma calidum (Coleoptera: Carabidae). J. Insect Physiol. 33:1-8. Claver, M.A., Muthu, M.S.A., Ravichandran, B. and Ambrose, D.P. (2004). Behaviour, prey preference and functional response of Coranus spiniscutis Reuter, a potential predator of tomato insect pests. Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems. 10:19-27. Claver, M.A., Ramasubbu, G., Ravichandran, B. and Ambrose, D.P. (2002). Searching behaviour and functional response of Rhynocoris longifrons (Stål) (Heteroptera: Reduviidae), a key predator of pod sucking bug, Clavigralla gibbosa Spinola. Entomon. 27:339-346. Claver, M.A., Ravichandran, B., Khan, M.M. and Ambrose, D.P. (2003). Impact of cypermethrin on the functional response, predatory and mating behaviour of a non-target potential biological control agent Acanthaspis pedestris (Stål) (Het., Reduviidae). Journal of Applied Entomology. 127:18-22. Cobben, R.H. (1978). Evolutionary trends in Heteroptera: mouthparts, structure and feeding strategies. Mede, part 2. Cohen, A.C. (1984). Food consumption, food utilization and metabolic rates of Geocoris punctipes (Het.: Lygaeidae) fed Heliothis virescens (Lep.: Noctuidae) eggs. Entamophaga. 29: 361-367. Cohen, A.C. (1989). Ingestion and food consumption efficiency in a predacious hemipteran. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 82:495-499. Cohen, A.C. (1990). Feeding adaptations of some predateous hemiptera. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 83(6):1215-1223. Cohen, A.C. (1993). Organization of digestion and preliminary characterization of salivary trypsin like enzymes in a predaceous heteropteran, Zelus renardii. J. Insect Physiol. 39: 823-829. Cohen, A.C. (1998). Biochemical and morphological dynamics and predatory feeding habits in terrestrial heteroptera. In Predatory Feeding Habits in Terrestrial Heteroptera, J.R. Ruberson and M. Coll. (Ed.) Thomas say pubs., Phoenix, Arizona. 21-32. Edwards, J.S. (1960). Spitting as a defensive mechanism in a predatory reduviid. In Proceeding of International Congress of Entomology, Vienna. 259-263. Edwards, J.S. (1961). The action and composition of the saliva of an assassin bug Platymeris rhadamanthus Gaerst. (Hemiptera, Reduviidae). J. Exp. Biology. 38: 61-77. Edwards, J.S. (1962). Observations on the development and predatory habit of two reduviid heteroptera, Rhinocoris carmelita Stäl and Platymeris rhadamanthus Gerst. In Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series A, General Entomology. 3(7): 89–98. Evangelin, G., Bertrand, H., Muthupandi, M. and John William. (2012). Bioefficacy of Rhynocoris kumarii on the hemipteran pests of cotton (abstract). In Proceedings of the National conference on Climate change – a challenge to sustainable development, Andhra Pradesh, India, BEITR 22, 23. Foelix, R.F. (1982). Biology of Spiders. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press. Forero, D., Choe, D.H. and Weirauch, C. (2011). Resin Gathering in Neotropical Resin Bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Reduviidae): Functional and Comparative Morphology. Journal of Morphology. 272: 204–229. George, P.J.E. and Ambrose, D.P. (2001). Polymorphic adaptive insecticidal resistance in Rhynocoris marginatus (Fabr.) (Het., Reduviidae) a non-target biocontrol agent. Journal of Applied Entomology. 125(4): 207-209. Gerardo, C., Salumi, A., Akahane, T.W., Yoshihisa, K. and Tomni, W. (2001). Novel peptides from assassin bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): isolation, chemical and biological characterization. FEBS Lett. 499: 256-261. Gilmour, D. (1961). The biochemistry of insects. New York, Academic. Goodchild, A.J.P. (1955). Some observations on growth and egg production of the blood-sucking reduviids,Rhodnius proxilus andTriatoma infestans. In Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 30(10-12): 137–144. Goodchild, A.J.P. (1966). Evolution of the alimentary canal in the hemiptera. Biol. Rev. 41: 97-140. Grundy, P.R. (2007). Utilizing the assassin bug, Pristhesancus plagipennis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), as a biological control agent within an integrated pest management programme for Helicoverpa spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Creontiades spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) in cotton. Bull Entomol Res. 97(3): 281-90. Guerenstein, P.G. and Guerin, P.M. (2001). Olfactory and behavioural responses of the blood-sucking bug Triatoma infestans to odours of vertebrate hosts. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 204: 585–597. Haridass, E.T. (1978). Biological and ethological studies on some South Indian Reduviids (Hemiptera:Reduviidae). Ph.D. thesis. University of Madras, India. Haridass, E.T. (1985). Feeding and ovipositional behavior in some reduviids (Insecta- Heteroptera). In Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Animal. Sci.) 94:239-247. Haridass, E.T. and Ananthakrishnan, T.N. (1980). Models for the predatory behavior of some reduviids from Southern India (Insecta-Heteroptera-Reduviidae). In Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Animal. 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Maxillofacial trauma, Trauma Score, Mandible Fracture, and Trauma

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the clinical characteristics, the way the trauma occurred, the etiology, the status of the trauma in children and adults, the type, location, and number of the fracture, and the trauma (ISS) score of patients who applied to the emergency department due to mandibular trauma. Material-Method: The records of 188 patients who were admitted to the Dicle University Emergency Department between January 2017 and December 2021 due to mandibular fracture were reviewed retrospectively. SPSS v26.0 statistical program was used in the analysis of the obtained data. Results: 73% of the patients were male (n=138), 27% were female (n=50). 52% (n=97) were in the pediatric age group. Causes of traumas: 13% in-vehicle traffic accident (AITK), 9% non-vehicle traffic accident (ADTC), 12% assasults, 14% simple fall, 6% firearm injury (ASY), 28% fall from height. About half of the patients (49%) had isolated mandible fractures. In the remaining half, there was one or more accompanying pathologies with mandibular fracture. These are respectively; Facial trauma (28%), extremity trauma (23%), Chest trauma (22%), head and neck trauma (13%), abdominal trauma (7%), and other traumas (6%). 41% of patients had a single fracture. 40% had two fractures, 15% had three fractures, and 4% had four or more fractures. Mandibular fractures were most common in the condyle and parasymphis regions. These were followed by the corpus and angulus, and 80% were displaced fractures. The mean trauma score of the patients was recorded as 15.78 ± 13.92. Surgery was performed in 76% of the patients. Two patients died before they could be operated. Regression analysis revealed that WBC, ISS score, and displaced fractures were risk factors for going to surgery. Conclusion: Patients with higher ISS scores had higher morbidity, mortality, and surgical need. In cases where ISS score is high and there are multiple traumas, it should be alerted.
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