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Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Environment, Environnement, Pollution, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Pollution, Traitement et pollution des eaux, Water treatment and pollution, Eaux potables, eaux de piscine, dessalement, Drinking water and swimming-pool water. Desalination, Pollution des eaux naturelles, Natural water pollution, Phénomènes biologiques et physicochimiques, Biological and physicochemical phenomena, Eaux usées, Wastewaters, Procédés généraux d'épuration, General purification processes, Terre, ocean, espace, Earth, ocean, space, Sciences de la terre, Earth sciences, Géologie de l'ingénieur et de l'environnement. Géothermie, Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics, Pollution, géologie de l'environnement, Pollution, environment geology, Composé organique, Organic compounds, Compuesto orgánico, Pesticide, Pesticides, Plaguicida, Acétaldéhyde polymère, Acetaldehyde polymer, Acetaldehído polímero, Adsorbant minéral, Inorganic adsorbent, Adsorbente inorgánico, Adsorption liquide solide, Liquid solid adsorption, Adsorción líquido sólido, Biocide, Biocida, Charbon actif, Activated carbon, Carbón activado, Composé polaire, Polar compound, Compuesto polar, Décontamination, Decontamination, Descontaminación, Eau surface, Surface water, Agua superficie, Epuration eau usée, Waste water purification, Depuración aguas servidas, Epuration physicochimique, Physicochemical purification, Depuración fisicoquímica, Matériau modifié, Modified material, Material modificado, Molluscicide, Molusquicida, Pollution eau, Water pollution, Contaminación agua, Résine phénolique, Phenolic resin, Resina fenólica, Traitement eau potable, Drinking water treatment, Tratamiento agua potable, Traitement eau, Water treatment, Tratamiento agua, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Métaldéhyde, Metaldehyde, Phenolic carbon, and Wastewater

Current water treatment technologies are inefficient at treating water contaminated with metaldehyde, an 8-member cyclic tetramer of acetaldehyde widely used as a molluscicide in large-scale agriculture and in gardens, and which has been frequently observed to breach European regulatory limits in the UK due to its high solubility and frequent use. Here, we examine the controls on metaldehyde adsorption onto activated phenolic carbon, namely the influence of activation degree, pore size distribution, particle size, point of zero charge and surface functionalisation, by synthesising tailored carbons from phenolic resin. Metaldehyde adsorption has been found to be independent of specific surface area (SBET), which is highly unusual for an adsorption process, and is favoured in carbons with (a) high microporosity with narrow pore size distribution, (b) presence of mesopores which allow efficient diffusive transport, and (c) an absence of negatively charged functional groups. The maximum adsorption capacity of the phenolic resin-derived carbons, tested at an elevated (i.e. exceeding environmental levels) water concentration of 64 mg metaldehyde/L, was 76 mg metaldehyde/g carbon compared with 13 mg metaldehyde/g carbon in industrial granular activated carbon (GAC). The phenolic resin-derived carbons and GAC showed similar adsorption kinetics with maximum metaldehyde uptake occurring within 30 min under batch adsorption conditions, although adsorption isotherms indicate much stronger adsorption of metaldehyde on the phenolic resin-derived carbons. Adsorption efficiency for metaldehyde was maintained even in the presence of high background concentrations of organic matter and inorganic salts, indicating the potential utility of these designer carbons in waste and/or drinking water treatment.

Energy, Énergie, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Energie, Energy, Energie naturelle, Natural energy, Energie solaire, Solar energy, Conversion photovoltaïque, Photovoltaic conversion, Cellules solaires. Cellules photoélectrochimiques, Solar cells. Photoelectrochemical cells, Cellule solaire, Solar cell, Célula solar, Circuit multiétage, Multistage circuit, Circuito multipiso, Composant électronique, Electronic component, Componente electrónico, Composé quaternaire, Quaternary compound, Compuesto cuaternario, Composé ternaire, Ternary compound, Compuesto ternario, Couche mince, Thin film, Capa fina, Couche épaisse, Thick film, Capa espesa, Diffusion mutuelle, Interdiffusion, Difusión mútua, Dépendance température, Temperature dependence, Effet température, Temperature effect, Efecto temperatura, Evaluation performance, Performance evaluation, Evaluación prestación, Gallium, Galio, Indium, Indio, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Niveau défaut, Defect level, Propriété surface, Surface properties, Propiedad superficie, Revêtement antiréfléchissant, Antireflection coating, Revestimiento antirreflexión, Spectre photoélectron RX, X-ray photoelectron spectra, Spectrométrie SIMS, Secondary ion mass spectrometry, Espectrometría SIMS, Système information, Information system, Sistema información, Séléniure d'indium, Indium selenides, Séléniure de cuivre, Copper selenides, Séléniure de gallium, Gallium selenides, Tension circuit ouvert, Open circuit voltage, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Cu(In,Ga)Se2, CuInSe2, CIGS, CIS, SIMS, XPS, electrical modelling, and interface

Surface modifications of three-stage co-evaporated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films are investigated by finishing the evaporation with gallium-free (CuInSe2, CIS) stages of various lengths. Secondary-ion mass spectrometry shows substantial interdiffusion of indium and gallium, smearing out the Ga/(Ga + In) profile so that the addition of a CIS layer merely lowers the gallium content at the surface. For the thinnest top layer, equivalent to 20 nm of pure CIS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy does not detect any compositional difference compared with the reference device. The modifications are evaluated electrically both by temperature-dependent characterisation of actual solar-cell devices and by modelling, using the latest version of SCAPS-1D (Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Belgium). The best solar-cell device from this series is obtained for the 20 nm top layer, with an efficiency of 16.6% after antireflective coating. However, we observe a trend of decreasing open-circuit voltage for increasingly thick top layers, and we do not find direct evidence that the lowering of the gallium concentration at the CIGS surface should generally be expected to improve the device performance. A simulated device with reduced bulk and interface defect levels achieves nearly 20% efficiency, but the trends concerning the CIS top layer remain the same.

Civil engineering, Génie civil, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Batiment. Travaux publics, Buildings. Public works, Bâtiment, Buildings, Equipements techniques des bâtiments, Building technical equipments, Génie climatique, Environmental engineering, Gestion et conservation de l'énergie dans le bâtiment, Energy management and energy conservation in building, Amélioration de l'habitat. Restauration, Housing improvement. Restoration, Types de bâtiment, Types of buildings, Bâtiment commercial, Commercial building, Fungi Imperfecti, Fungi, Bâtiment bureau, Office building, Edificio oficina, Cladosporium, Confort, Comfort, Comodidad, Consommation énergie, Energy consumption, Consumo energía, Construction béton, Concrete construction, Construcción de hormigon, Economies d'énergie, Energy savings, Ahorros energía, Evaluation projet, Project evaluation, Evaluación proyecto, Production énergie, Power production, Producción energía, Réhabilitation, Rehabilitation, Rehabilitación, Rénovation, Renovation, Renovación, Siège social, Head office, Sede social, Système photovoltaïque, Photovoltaic system, Sistema fotovoltaico, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, and Tratamiento superficie

Le projet de réhabilitation du siège francilien de Bouygues Construction, permettra de diviser par dix la consommation énergétique des bâtiments et de réduire de 60 % la consommation en eau, tout en le rendant zéro rejet. Une plate-forme de pilotage permettra de visualiser, en temps réel, les performances constructives.

Civil engineering, Génie civil, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Batiment. Travaux publics, Buildings. Public works, Travaux de construction, Construction works, Coffrages, Formworks, Bâtiment, Buildings, Enveloppes, External envelopes, Mur. Cloison, Wall. Partition, Types de bâtiment, Types of buildings, Construction élevée, High rise building, Bâtiment bureau, Office building, Edificio oficina, Béton préfabriqué, Precast concrete, Hormigón prefabricado, Coffrage, Formwork, Encofrado, Conception architecturale, Architectural design, Concepción arquitectural, Evaluation projet, Project evaluation, Evaluación proyecto, Façade, Front wall, Pared fachada, Pierre reconstituée, Artificial stone, Piedra reconstituida, Spécification, Specification, Especificación, Tolérance dimensionnelle, Dimensional tolerance, Tolerancia dimensional, Tour bâtiment, Tower (building), Torre edificio, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, and Tratamiento superficie

On the basis of the design proposed by award-winning architects Barkow Leibinger, the Tour Total office building is being constructed behind Berlin Main Station. This high-rise structure is dominated by its facade. The production of the corresponding precast elements required particularly demanding formwork specifications.

Electronics, Electronique, Optics, Optique, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Batiment. Travaux publics, Buildings. Public works, Matériaux, Materials, Peintures et enduits. Produits de protection, Paints and renderings. Protection products, Bâtiment ancien, Old building, Edificio anciano, Composé hydrophobe, Hydrophobic compound, Compuesto hidrofobo, Diffraction RX, X ray diffraction, Difracción RX, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Film, Película, Maçonnerie pierre, Stone masonry, Mampostería piedra, Microscopie électronique balayage, Scanning electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica barrido, Patrimoine bâti, Building stock, Patrimonio construido, Protection, Protección, Résultat expérimental, Experimental result, Resultado experimental, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, and Tratamiento superficie

A very simple method that can be used to impart superhydrophobicity to stone surfaces of monuments using common and low-cost materials that are already employed or are easy to be found by conservators is presented. A siloxane-nanoparticle dispersion is sprayed on a stone, and this process can result in the formation of a rough two-length-scale hierarchical structure that exhibits water repellent properties, provided that the nanoparticle concentration in the dispersion is higher than a critical value. Superhydrophobicity (static contact angle > 150° and contact angle hysteresis <7°) is achieved, by this simple method (i) on the surfaces of three types of stones, Opuka, Božanovský and Hořický, which have been used for the restoration of the castle of Prague, (ii) using two poly (alkyl siloxane) products such as Rhodorsil 224 and Porosil VV plus, which are utilized by conservators and (iii) using common nanoparticles such as silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), tin oxide (SnO2) and titanium oxide (TiO2). It is shown that the stone substrate and the nanoparticle size (5-50 nm) or type have almost no effect on the wettability of the superhydrophobic surfaces, as comparable contact angles were measured on the three stone substrates, treated with any siloxane-particle composite. Treatments of the stones with pure (hydrophobic) siloxanes and siloxane-SiO2 (superhydrophobic) composites result in comparable reductions of the water vapor permeability and the water amounts absorbed by capillarity. Consequently, the use of nanoparticles in the protective coatings does not have any obvious effect on the results of the aforementioned tests. However, the aesthetic appearance of the three stones, included in this study, is highly affected by the nanoparticles.

Civil engineering, Génie civil, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Batiment. Travaux publics, Buildings. Public works, Durabilité. Pathologie. Réparation. Entretien, Durability. Pathology. Repairing. Maintenance, Délabrement des constructions (fissures, altérations physiques, etc.), Building failures (cracks, physical changes, etc.), Matériaux, Materials, Pierres naturelles, Natural stones, Calcaire, Limestone, Calcáreo, Dallage, Paving, Enlosado, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Gel dégel, Freeze thaw cycle, Hielo deshielo, Granite, Granito, Matériau construction, Construction materials, Material construcción, Microscopie électronique balayage, Scanning electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica barrido, Pierre, Stone, Piedra, Produit finition, Finish product, Producto acabado, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété physique, Physical properties, Propiedad física, Résistance matériau, Strength of materials, Resistencia material, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, freeze-thaw resistance, granite, limestone, paving slabs, and surface finishes

Two types of ornamental stones, namely granite (Blanco Rafaela or Zarzalejo Granite) and microcrystalline limestone (marble known commercially as Gris Pulpis), treated for different surface finishes, were tested for suitability as paving slabs. The finishes tested in both stones were polishing, hammering, honing and flaming, while acid treatment and abrasion were applied to limestone only and sawn finishes were only studied in granite. The stones were tested for the three physical properties that determine suitability for use as paving slabs; flexural strength under a concentrated load, and abrasion and slip resistance. Laboratory freeze-thaw cycle ageing tests were also conducted and flexural strength subsequently evaluated. Stone water sorption proved to be substantially unaltered by the type of finish employed.

Civil engineering, Génie civil, Transportation, Transports, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Batiment. Travaux publics, Buildings. Public works, Infrastructure des transports, Transportation infrastructure, Construction routière. Chaussées. Entretien, Road construction. Pavements. Maintenance, Revêtements, Surfacing, Béton de ciment, Cement concrete, Hormigón cemento, Chaussée, Pavement, Calzada, Construction routière, Road construction, Construcción carretera, Evaluation projet, Project evaluation, Evaluación proyecto, Exigence, Requirement, Exigencia, Exécution travaux, Execution of works, Ejecución trabajo, Gestion trafic, Traffic management, Gestión tráfico, Organisation chantier, Site organization, Organización obra, Préparation, Preparation, Preparación, Support, Soporte, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Zone urbaine, Urban area, and Zona urbana

Contrairement à bon nombre de chantiers, initialement prévus en chaussée béton puis adaptés par la suite en chaussée bitumineuse, celui de Vanves sur la RD 130, en béton de ciment mince collé (BCMC), mis en oeuvre par Screg Est a été imaginé, conçu puis réalisé dans une démarche volontaire de chaussée béton sans tentative d'aucun des partenaires de se soustraire à la complexité du projet. La réussite de ce chantier en BCMC est le résultat d'une volonté commune d'engagement de tous les acteurs de cette expérimentation : conseil général des Hauts-de-Seine, ville de Vanves, entreprises, laboratoire régional de l'Ouest parisien (LROP), fournisseur de béton et d'éléments modulaires,...

Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Microscopie électronique balayage, Scanning electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica barrido, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie, Spectrométrie Raman, Raman spectrometry, Espectrometría Raman, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Early Medieval, Frescoes, Italy, PIXE, Raman, and SEM

The author has studied the artist's palette and the painting techniques in the frescoes of the Longobard temple (late eighth to early ninth century) in Cividale del Friuli (Italy) and of the crypt of San Salvatore in Brescia (Italy) dated from the eighth century. High sensitivity microprobes were used such as PIXE, SEM and micro-Raman for the characterisation of materials in submillimetre samples. Information from multidisciplinary techniques revealed an unexpected richness of details and gave a clue to the economic context in which the two monuments were conceived and built. In both cases the authors found the use of common traditional materials as well as features that distinguish the two sites. Micro-PIXE analysis led to the identification of earth colours and demonstrated a few details of the surface preparation. Raman spectroscopy has identified a carbon based false blue in Cividale and degradation of carbonate into gypsum.

Civil engineering, Génie civil, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Batiment. Travaux publics, Buildings. Public works, Construction (bâtiments et ouvrages), Construction (buildings and works), Structure construction, Building structure, Structure en béton, Concrete structure, Bâtiment, Buildings, Enveloppes, External envelopes, Mur. Cloison, Wall. Partition, Autonettoyage, Self cleaning, Autolimpieza, Béton préfabriqué, Precast concrete, Hormigón prefabricado, Colorimétrie, Colorimetry, Colorimetría, Conception architecturale, Architectural design, Concepción arquitectural, Construction béton, Concrete construction, Construcción de hormigon, Dalle parement, Cladding slab, Losa paramento, Equipement, Equipment, Equipo, Etablissement recevant public, Establishment receiving public, Establecimiento recibidor público, Façade, Front wall, Pared fachada, Retour expérience, Experience feedback, Retorno experiencia, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, and Tratamiento superficie

La première utilisation en France d'un béton autonettoyant d'Italcementi pour les façades de la Cité des arts de Chambéry, a fait l'objet d'un suivi colorimétrique dans le temps.

Civil engineering, Génie civil, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Batiment. Travaux publics, Buildings. Public works, Généralités, General, Congrès. Expositions, Congress. Exhibitions, Construction (bâtiments et ouvrages), Construction (buildings and works), Bétons manufacturés, Concrete products, Dallage, Paving, Enlosado, Développement produit, Product development, Desarrollo producto, Etude marché, Market survey, Estudio mercado, Foire exposition, Exhibition, Parque exposición, Industrie béton manufacturé, Precast concrete industry, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, and Tratamiento superficie

The market no longer demands standard products - paving blocks should now be directly washed, shot-blasted, bush-hammered, tumbled or split. A similar trend can be observed for retaining wall blocks - the standard retaining wall blocks are being replaced by split-face and sometimes pitched blocks. Using increasingly high-tech color dosing systems, optimized color distribution can be achieved that makes split-face blocks look very similar to natural stone.

Ecology, Ecologie, Environment, Environnement, Pollution, Toxicology, Toxicologie, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Batiment. Travaux publics, Buildings. Public works, Durabilité. Pathologie. Réparation. Entretien, Durability. Pathology. Repairing. Maintenance, Délabrement des constructions (fissures, altérations physiques, etc.), Building failures (cracks, physical changes, etc.), Matériaux, Materials, Peintures et enduits. Produits de protection, Paints and renderings. Protection products, Construction (bâtiments et ouvrages), Construction (buildings and works), Structure construction, Building structure, Structure en maçonnerie, Masonry structure, Bâtiment, Buildings, Types de bâtiment, Types of buildings, Bâtiment de culte, Religious building, Analyse chimique, Chemical analysis, Análisis químico, Analyse dommage, Failure analysis, Análisis avería, Biodétérioration, Biodeterioration, Biodeterioro, Diffraction RX, X ray diffraction, Difracción RX, Eglise, Church, Iglesia, Epoxyde résine, Epoxy resin, Epóxido resina, Hybridation in situ fluorescence, Fluorescence in situ hybridization, Hibridación in situ fluorescencia, Marbre, Marbles, Marmol, Maçonnerie pierre, Stone masonry, Mampostería piedra, Microscopie électronique balayage, Scanning electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica barrido, Patrimoine bâti, Building stock, Patrimonio construido, Programme recherche, Research program, Programa investigación, Spectrométrie IR, Infrared spectrometry, Espectrometría IR, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, ASTM G21-96(2002) method, Acrylic, Biodeteriorated stone, Cultural heritage, Epoxy resins, and Fluorescent in-situ hybridisation

Surfaces are continuously exposed to physical, chemical and biological degradation. Among the biological agents that cause deterioration, microorganisms are of critical importance. This work is part of a research programme for the characterisation of the alterations of the Milan Cathedral (Italy). Four stone samples of the Milan Cathedral were chemically analysed and the microbiological growth assessed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that calcite was always present in each sample and one sample was also characterised by the chemical form of alteration gypsum. Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) together with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), it was possible to prove that the samples were consolidated with the synthetic acrylics and epoxy resins. The green-black biological patinas of the specimens were studied using cultivation, microscope observations and a method for single-cell detection. Sampling for fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH), with ribosomal RNA targeted oligonucleotide probes, was also performed using adhesive tapes. The bulk of the prokaryotes were Bacteria but some Archaea were also found. The bacterial cells were further characterised using specific probes for Cyanobacteria, and α-, β-and γ-Proteobacteria. In addition, black fungi isolated from the stone and the fungi of the standard ASTM G21 -96(2002) method were employed to test if the detected synthetic resins could be used as the sole source of carbon and energy. One isolated Cladosporium sp. attacked the freshly dried acrylic resin. Results show that the detected bacteria and fungi can cause severe damage both to the stone monument and its synthetic consolidants.

Civil engineering, Génie civil, Transportation, Transports, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Batiment. Travaux publics, Buildings. Public works, Généralités, General, Urbanisation, Urban development, Matériaux, Materials, Bitumes. Goudrons. Liants et bétons hydrocarbonés, Bitumen. Tars. Bituminous binders and bituminous concretes, Infrastructure des transports, Transportation infrastructure, Voiries, Road works, Aménagement urbain, Urban planning, Planeamiento urbano, Application, Aplicación, Asphalte, Asphalt, Asfalto, Exemple, Example, Ejemplo, Matériau construction, Construction materials, Material construcción, Piste cyclable, Cycle track, Pista bicicleta, Stationnement, Parking, Estacionamiento, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Voirie, Road work, and Vialidad

Les réalisations en asphalte, dans le domaine de la voirie, sont parfois associées à des restructurations complètes d'espaces suite à la création de zones 30, à l'aménagement d'un tramway ou à la rénovation d'un quartier. Ce n'est pas, toutefois, la majorité des opérations. Souvent l'asphalte par sa souplesse de mise en oeuvre, son caractère étanche, ses possibilités de traitement de surface résout des cas spécifiques et apporte une solution aux souhaits des aménageurs. Les deux exemples lyonnais évoqués ici illustrent cette tendance à répondre aux besoins à travers des options aussi économiques que techniques : réaliser une piste cyclable avec traitement de surface garantissant une circulation sécurisée, tout en autorisant un nettoyage simplifié, ou créer une étanchéité au-dessus d'équipements en fonctionnement, sans démolir le revêtement existant et conserver ainsi un stationnement et une circulation appréciés.

Ecology, Ecologie, Environment, Environnement, Pollution, Toxicology, Toxicologie, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Pollution, Pollution globale de l'environnement, Global environmental pollution, Terre, ocean, espace, Earth, ocean, space, Sciences de la terre, Earth sciences, Géologie de l'ingénieur et de l'environnement. Géothermie, Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics, Pollution, géologie de l'environnement, Pollution, environment geology, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Biotechnologie, Biotechnology, Applications et implications industrielles. Aspects économiques, Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects, Environnement et pollution, Environment and pollution, Biofilm, Biomasse microbienne, Microbial biomass, Biomasa microbiana, Bioremédiation, Bioremediation, Biorremediación, Carrière, Quarry, Cantera, Couleur, Color, Impact environnement, Environment impact, Impacto medio ambiente, Industrie extractive, Mining industry, Industria extractiva, Mine ciel ouvert, Open pit mine, Mina cielo abierto, Perception visuelle, Visual perception, Percepción visual, Plan factoriel, Factorial design, Plan factorial, Plan randomisé, Randomized design, Plan aleatorizado, Qualité environnement, Environment quality, Calidad medio ambiente, Quartz, Cuarzo, Restauration milieu, Ecological recovery, Restauración ecológica, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Biofilms, Quartz quarries, Restoration, and Visual impact

The opening up of mine faces causes severe alteration to the environment that must be remedied. In the case of quartz mines, the bright white colour of the mineral gives rise to a significant impact that is visible for long distances. New techniques to correct this visual impact, based on the induction of biofilms on the faces, have recently been developed in an attempt to imitate natural effects that mask the impact. Although techniques have been applied successfully in the laboratory, they must be optimized to ensure their success in the field. In the present study, the results of a randomized factorial experiment indicated that although the biofilms adhere to the faces naturally, without the use of adhesives, continued development of the film depends to a large extent on the input of nutrients. Water must also be provided with nutritional supplement to maintain the required level of moisture.

Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industries chimique et parachimique, Chemical industry and chemicals, Matériaux de construction. Céramique. Verres, Building materials. Ceramics. Glasses, Industries céramiques, Ceramic industries, Céramiques techniques, Technical ceramics, Etudes générales, General studies, Céramique technique, Technical ceramics, Cerámica técnica, Laboratoire, Laboratory, Laboratorio, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, and Tratamiento superficie

Face à l'émergence, depuis plus d'une dizaine d'années, de nouveaux thèmes de recherche, le laboratoire de Science des procédés céramiques et de traitements de surface (SPCTS) a développé des activités portant sur les étapes de basse température de la mise en forme des produits céramiques. Sans pour autant abandonner les aspects relatifs à la physicochimie du comportement des matériaux à haute température, l'équipe Procédés céramiques du SPCTS a délibérément situé son activité au confluent de la synthèse de poudres spécifiques, des milieux granulaires, de la chimie des suspensions et des colloïdes, des phénomènes interfaciaux entre solide et liquide, de la rhéologie, et bien entendu des procédés de mise en forme. C'est à ce carrefour que sont attendus les développements de nouveaux produits, avec l'objectif toujours affiché d'aboutir à des procédés de fabrication simples et fiables de matériaux avancés.