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Biomass, bioproducts, Biomasse, bioproduits, Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Wastes, Déchets, Energy, Énergie, Environment, Environnement, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Biotechnologie, Biotechnology, Absorption, Absorción, Biosorption, Biosorción, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Eau douce, Fresh water, Agua dulce, Etude comparative, Comparative study, Estudio comparativo, Lanthane, Lanthanum, Lantano, Microorganisme, Microorganism, Microorganismo, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Paroi cellulaire, Cell wall, Pared celular, Algue, Alga, Cell wall properties, Micro algae, and Modelling

In this study, the adsorption and desorption kinetics of lanthanum (La) on micro algal cells was investigated. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 18S ribosomal RNA gene (rRNA) were used for molecular identification of the species. The algal species were found to have 95-98% identities to Desmodesmus multivariabilis, Scenedesmus acuminutus, Chloroidium saccharophilum and Stichococcus bacillaris. The species were cultured and tested independently. D. multivariabilis was found to be the most efficient at adsorbing lanthanum with a maximum sorption capacity (qmax) of 100mg/g and a high affinity (b) of 4.55 L/g. Desorption of La was also highest in D. multivariabilis with recovery up to 99.63% at initial concentration as high as 100 mg/L. Desorption data fitted best to the modified pseudo second-order with a better correlation coefficient (R2) of ≤0.98 than first order model. The results showed feasibility of lanthanum recovery using algal sorbents, a cost effective method.

Food science technology, Sciences technologies alimentaires, Microbiology, infectious diseases, Microbiologie, maladies infectieuses, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Industries agroalimentaires, Food industries, Microbiologie alimentaire, Food microbiology, Animal à viande, Meat animals, Animales de carne, Artiodactyla, Bactérie, Bacteria, Mammalia, Produit laitier, Dairy product, Producto lácteo, Ungulata, Vertebrata, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Conservation aliment, Food preservation, Conservación alimento, Entreposage, Warehousing, Almacenamiento, Fromage, Cheese, Queso, Lait cru, Raw milk, Leche cruda, Listeria monocytogenes, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Mouton, Sheep, Carnero, Stockage, Storage, Survie, Survival, Sobrevivencia, Température, Temperature, Temperatura, and Raw sheep milk cured cheese

Raw sheep milk cured cheese produced in the Castilla y Leon region (Spain) constitutes a traditional semi-hard aromatic cheese typically aged for three to six months. This product is catalogued as ready-to-eat since it is not submitted to any further treatment before consumption. Thus, foodborne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes can represent a health concern for susceptible consumers. This study was aimed at evaluating the survival of L monocytogenes on raw sheep milk cured cheese under different storage temperatures. Log-linear + shoulder and Weibull type models were fitted to data observed in order to estimate kinetic parameters. The Arrhenius relationship was further used to predict the impact of temperature on L monocytogenes behavior during storage at 4,12 and 22 °C. Additionally, growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a representative group of the indigenous microbiota was evaluated. Results obtained indicated that the time to eradication (time when absence of L monocytogenes in the analyzed samples was observed) was 114, 104, and 77 days for cheese samples stored at 4,12 and 22 °C, respectively. The LAB population showed an increase at 12 and 22 °C during storage. However, an increase of 1 log CFU/g was observed during the first 2 weeks irrespectively of the storage temperature. The log-linear + shoulder model indicated a good fit to observed data. Likewise, the Arrhenius relationship explained sufficiently the dependency of temperature on L,monocytogenes behavior. This study demonstrated that cheese storage at ambient temperatures could lead to the preservation of its quality properties as well as its safety against L. monocytogenes.

Plant biology and physiology, Biologie et physiologie végétales, Ecology, Ecologie, Environment, Environnement, Toxicology, Toxicologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Cytologie, morphologie, systematique, floristique et evolution des vegetaux, Plant cytology, morphology, systematics, chorology and evolution, Thallophyta, Algae, Protozoaires, Protozoa, Ecologie animale, vegetale et microbienne, Animal, plant and microbial ecology, Ecologie animale et végétale, Animal and plant ecology, Autoécologie, Autoecology, Végétaux et champignons, Plants and fungi, Algae, Protozoa, Algue nuisible, Harmful alga, Alga nociva, Aminoacide, Aminoacid, Aminoácido, Ammonium, Amonio, Azote, Nitrogen, Nitrógeno, Captation, Uptake, Captación, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Nitrate, Nitrates, Nitrato, Population naturelle, Natural population, Población natural, Urée, Urea, Urées, Ureas, Alveolata, Dinozoa, Karenia brevis, Protiste, Amino acids, and Uptake kinetics

This study represents the most comprehensive assessment of kinetic parameters for Karenia brevis to date as it encompasses natural populations sampled during three different bloom years in addition to cultured strains under controlled conditions. Nitrogen (N) uptake kinetics for ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), urea, an amino acid mixture, individual amino acids (glutamate and alanine), and humic substrates were examined for the toxic red tide dinoflagellate, K. brevis, during short term incubations (0.5-1 h) using 15N tracer techniques. Experiments were conducted using natural populations collected during extensive blooms along the West Florida Shelf in October 2001, 2002, and 2007, and in cultured strains (CCFWC 251 and CCFWC 267) obtained from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Institute culture collection. Kinetic parameters for the maximum uptake velocity (Vmax), half-saturation concentration (Ks), and the affinity constant (α) were determined. The affinity constant is considered a more accurate indicator of substrate affinity at low concentrations. K. brevis took up all organic substrates tested, including N derived from humic substances. Uptake rates of the amino acid mixture and some NO3- incubations did not saturate even at the highest substrate additions (50-200 μmol N L-1). Based upon the calculated α values, the greatest substrate preference was for NH4+ followed by NO3- > urea, humic compounds and amino acids. The ability of K. brevis to utilize a variety of inorganic and organic substrates likely helps it flourish under a wide range of nutrient conditions from bloom initiation in oligotrophic waters offshore to bloom maintenance near shore where ambient nutrient concentrations may be orders of magnitude greater.

Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Plant biology and physiology, Biologie et physiologie végétales, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Physiologie vegetale et developpement, Plant physiology and development, Parasitisme et symbiose, Parasitism and symbiosis, Symbiose, Symbiosis, Basidiomycota, Mycorhize, Mycorrhiza, Micorriza, Symbionte, Symbiont, Simbionte, Botanique, Botany, Botánica, Chlorure de sodium, Sodium chloride, Sodio cloruro, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Ectomycorhize, Ectomycorrhiza, Ectomicorriza, Flux, Flujo, Fungi, Homéostasie, Homeostasis, Inoculation, Inoculación, Ion, Ions, Ión, Phénomène transitoire, Transients, Fenómeno transitorio, Salinité, Salinity, Salinidad, Stress, Estrés, Ecologie végétale, Plant ecology, Ecología vegetal, Paxillus involutus, Populus canescens, Ectomycorrhizal fungi, Ion homeostasis, NMT, NaCl, Poplar, and Transient kinetics

The Paxillus involutus strains MAJ and NAU improve ion homeostasis under salt stress although only strain MAJ forms a functional ectomycorrhiza with poplar roots, whereas strain NAU induces defense reactions. The goal of the present study was to determine whether beneficial effects of MAJ and NAU on root nutrient element fluxes are induced during early stages of fungal-root interaction or require long-term co-culture. Salt-induced flux profiles of H+, Na+ K+ and Ca2+ were examined in the salt-sensitive poplar Populus × canescens after inoculation for 10d and 20d with the P. involutus strains, MAJ and NAU and after short-term (24h) and long-term (7d) salt stress. Inoculation with P. involutus for 10d and 20d increased the capacity of P. × canescens roots to retain K+ after short and long-term exposure to NaCl stress (100 mM). P. involutus-inoculated plants reduced the influx of Na+, especially in the NAU-inoculated roots. The salt-elicited Na+ efflux corresponded with an apparent decline of H+ extrusion in NAU-inoculated roots, which was presumably the result of increased Na+/H+ exchange activity across the plasma membrane. After 10 days of fungal inoculation, P. x canescens roots exhibited an enhanced Ca2+ uptake ability upon salt treatments, whereas a prolonged inoculation time of 20 d caused a marked Ca2+ efflux from P. × canescens roots. The P. involutus-elicited Ca2+ enrichment was probably replaced by Na+ at the later stage of fungal colonization. Ca2+ enrichment is known to mediate K+/Na+ homeostasis in poplar roots under salt stress and therefore both NAU- and MAJ-impeded Na+ accumulation compared with non-inoculated roots. NAU provided greater benefit to the inoculated roots to the maintenance of the K+/Na+ homeostasis because of the pronounced Na+ extrusion during the early stage of fungal colonization when the Ca2+ enrichment was greater than in MAJ-inoculated roots. In accordance with flux data, the whole-plant assessment revealed that inoculation with P. involutus attenuated NaCl-induced leaf damage in P. × canescens. Overall, our results support that the formation of a mature ectomycorrhiza is not required for the amelioration of the protection from salinity stress.

Sustainable development, Développement durable, Environment, Environnement, Management economics, Gestion, économie, management, Pollution, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Pollution, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Ecologie animale, vegetale et microbienne, Animal, plant and microbial ecology, Ecologie appliquée, Applied ecology, Conservation, protection, gestion de l'environnement, de la flore et de la faune, Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife, Environnement et développement durable, Environment and sustainable development, Chromate, Chromates, Cromato, Chrome, Chromium, Cromo, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Développement durable, Sustainable development, Desarrollo sostenible, Lessivage, Leaching, Lavado, Protection environnement, Environmental protection, Protección medio ambiente, Prévention pollution, Pollution prevention, Prevención polución, Sulfate, Sulfates, Sulfato, Chromium sulfate, Cr―Fe alloy, and Leaching kinetics

In the traditional leaching process for producing chromate from chromite ore, large quantities of chromium-containing residues and dusts are discharged, creating serious environmental pollution. In order to solve this serious environmental problem and realize a clean production process for chromate, a new cleaning process using a Cr―Fe alloy as a raw material has been developed, in which the pollution problem of chromium-containing residues caused by the leaching process is resolved. The effects of leaching temperature, reaction time, particle size, stirring rate, and liquid-to-solid ratio in the leaching process have been investigated in this study. The experiment results show that the leaching ratio of the Cr and Fe in the alloy can be greater than 97% at a leaching temperature of 90 °C, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 3:1, an alloy powder particle size of 200 mesh, a stirring rate of 300 rpm and a leaching time of 6 h. Kinetic analysis was carried out, and the calculated activation energy for chromium leaching was 43.94 kJ/mol, indicating control of this process by a chemical reaction on the particle surface. In the proposed process for producing chromate from a Cr―Fe alloy, chromium is present in the form of Cr3+, so the pollution problem of hexavalent chromium residues can be resolved and clean production can be realized.

Food science technology, Sciences technologies alimentaires, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Industries agroalimentaires, Food industries, Pigment, Pigments, Pigmento, Vitamine, Vitamin, Vitamina, Acide ascorbique, Ascorbic acid, Acido ascórbico, Antioxydant, Antioxidant, Antioxidante, Boisson, Beverage, Bebida, Carotène, Carotene, Caroteno, Caroténoïde, Carotenoid, Carotenoide, Chaleur, Heat, Calor, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Composé hydrosoluble, Water soluble compound, Compuesto hidrosoluble, Couleur, Color, Dégradation, Degradation, Degradación, Emulsion, Emulsión, Etude comparative, Comparative study, Estudio comparativo, Lumière, Light, Luz, Naturel, Natural, Qualité, Quality, Calidad, Stabilité, Stability, Estabilidad, Beverages, Carotenoids, Colour degradation kinetics, Natural colour, and Rosmarinic acid

Natural carotenoid emulsions are commonly used to colour beverages. However, carotenoids are frequently prone to oxidation, which results in undesirable colour loss. This study investigates the effect of the direct addition to the beverage of water soluble antioxidants on the colour stability in both direct light (sun test) and heat conditions. A synthetic antioxidant, ascorbic acid, is compared to a natural one, a rosemary extract rich in rosmarinic acid. The addition of ascorbic acid results in improved stability to light but has negative effect for heat stability. The addition of rosemary affects both heat and light stability favourably, even though it is not as efficient to prevent carotenoid degradation in the sun test. It can be concluded that the rosemary extract is a good natural alternative to synthetic ascorbic acid. Its combination with ascorbic acid could be very efficient to improve both light and heat stability of beverages coloured with natural carotenoids.

Biomass, bioproducts, Biomasse, bioproduits, Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Wastes, Déchets, Energy, Énergie, Environment, Environnement, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Chitosane, Chitosan, Quitosano, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Dérivé du chitosane, Chitosan derivatives, Quitosano derivado, Ion, Ions, Ión, Résine, Resins, Resina, Solution aqueuse, Aqueous solution, Solución acuosa, Sorbant, Sorbent, Sorbente, Thermodynamique, Thermodynamics, Termodinámica, Uranium, Uranio, Chitosan derivative, Ferromagnetic sorbent, and Uranyl ion removal

Chitosan was cross-linked using glutaraldehyde in the presence of magnetite. The resin was chemically modified through the reaction with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) to produce amine bearing chitosan. The resin showed a higher affinity towards the uptake of UO22 ions from aqueous medium: maximum sorption capacity reached 1.8 mmol g-1 at pH 4 and 25 °C. The nature of interaction of UO22 ions with the resin was identified. Kinetics were carried out at different temperatures and thermodynamic parameters were evaluated. Breakthrough curves for the removal of UO22 were studied at different flow rates, bed heights and after 3 regeneration cycles. Hydrochloric acid (0.5 M) was used for desorbing UO22 from loaded resin: desorption yield as high as 98% was obtained.

Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Biochemistry, molecular biology, biophysics, Biochimie, biologie moléculaire, biophysique, Ecology, Ecologie, Geology, Géologie, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Terre, ocean, espace, Earth, ocean, space, Sciences de la terre, Earth sciences, Formations superficielles, Surficial geology, Sols, Soils, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Ecologie animale, vegetale et microbienne, Animal, plant and microbial ecology, Ecologie animale et végétale, Animal and plant ecology, Synécologie, Synecology, Ecosystèmes terrestres, Terrestrial ecosystems, Carbone, carbon, Carbono, Cinétique, kinetics, Cinética, Cycle carbone, carbon cycle, Ecosystème, ecosystems, Ecosistema, Elément nutritif, nutrients, Nutriente, Enzyme, enzymes, Enzima, Humidité sol, soil moisture, Humedad suelo, Microorganisme, microorganisms, Microorganismo, Milieu aquatique, aquatic environment, Milieu continental, terrestrial environment, Medio continental, Milieu eau douce, fresh-water environment, Medio agua dulce, Milieu marin, marine environment, Medio marino, PH, pH, Sol, soils, Suelo, Température, temperature, Temperatura, Aquatic, Extracellular enzymes, Marine, Microbial communities, Soil, and Terrestrial

Extracellular enzymes produced by heterotrophic microbial communities are major drivers of carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments. Although carbon and nutrient cycles are coupled on global scales, studies of extracellular enzymes associated with terrestrial, freshwater, and marine microbial communities are not often compared across ecosystems. In part, this disconnect arises because the environmental parameters that control enzyme activities in terrestrial and freshwater systems, such as temperature, pH, and moisture content, have little explanatory power for patterns of enzyme activities in marine systems. Instead, factors such as the functional diversity of microbial communities may explain varying patterns of enzyme activities observed in the ocean to date. In any case, many studies across systems focus on similar issues that highlight the commonalities of microbial community organization. Examples include the effective lifetime of enzymes released into the environment; the extent to which microbial communities coordinate enzyme expression to decompose complex organic substrates; and the influence of microbial community composition on enzyme activities and kinetics. Here we review the often-disparate research foci in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments. We consider the extent to which environmental factors may regulate extracellular enzyme activities within each ecosystem, and highlight commonalities and current methodological challenges to identify research questions that may aid in integrating cross-system perspectives in the future.

Sustainable development, Développement durable, Environment, Environnement, Management economics, Gestion, économie, management, Pollution, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Pollution, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Ecologie animale, vegetale et microbienne, Animal, plant and microbial ecology, Ecologie appliquée, Applied ecology, Conservation, protection, gestion de l'environnement, de la flore et de la faune, Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife, Environnement et développement durable, Environment and sustainable development, Biotechnologie, Biotechnology, Algae, Biosorption, Biosorción, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Développement durable, Sustainable development, Desarrollo sostenible, Modèle, Models, Modelo, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Phosphate, Phosphates, Fosfato, Protection environnement, Environmental protection, Protección medio ambiente, Prévention pollution, Pollution prevention, Prevención polución, Rhodophyta, Solution aqueuse, Aqueous solution, Solución acuosa, Thermodynamique, Thermodynamics, Termodinámica, Diffusion models, and Kappaphycus alverezii

In the present study, dead biomass of marine macro algae, Kappaphycus alverezii (K. alverezii) was used for the removal of phosphate from water. The effect of different parameters such as contact time, adsorbate concentration, biosorbent dose and temperature was investigated. The biosorption kinetics data were best described by the pseudo-second order rate equation, and equilibrium was achieved after 80 min. The phosphate biosorption was governed by film diffusion process. The maximum phosphate biosorption on K. alverezii was 59.77 mg/g at 25 °C and it followed the Redlich-Peterson model. The biosorption on K. alverezii increased with increasing temperature and was the highest at pH 6.0. The calculated thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°) showed that the biosorption of phosphate onto K. alverezii biomass was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic at 15-45 °C. Results suggest that the prepared biomass of K. alverezii has potential in remediation of phosphate contaminated waters.

Biomass, bioproducts, Biomasse, bioproduits, Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Wastes, Déchets, Energy, Énergie, Environment, Environnement, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Pollution, Déchets, Wastes, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Biotechnologie, Biotechnology, Agronomie. Sciences du sol et productions vegetales, Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions, Agronomie générale. Phytotechnie, General agronomy. Plant production, Utilisation de déchets et sous-produits agricoles et forestiers. Exploitation de la biomasse, bioconversion, Use of agricultural and forest wastes. Biomass use, bioconversion, Biosorption, Biosorción, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Déchet agricole, Agricultural waste, Desperdicio agrícola, Déchet industriel, Industrial waste, Desperdicio industrial, Industrie agricole, Agricultural industry, Industria agrícola, Isotherme, Isotherm, Isoterma, Métal lourd, Heavy metal, Metal pesado, Agro industrial waste, and Kinetic study

A novel multi-metal binding biosorbent (MMBB) was developed by combining a group of three from the selective natural lignocellulosic agro-industrial wastes for effectively eliminating lead, cadmium, copper and zinc from aqueous solutions. Four MMBBs with different combinations (MMBB1: tea waste, corncob, sugarcane bagasse; MMBB2: tea waste, corncob and sawdust; MMBB3: tea waste, corncob and apple peel; MMBB4: tea waste, corncob and grape stalk) were evaluated. FTIR analysis for characterizing the MMBB2 explored that the MMBB2 contains more functional groups available for multi-metals binding. Comparing among the MMBBs as well as the single group biosorbents, MMBB2 was the best biosorbent with the maximum biosorption capacities of 41.48, 39.48, 94.00 and 27.23 mg/g for Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II), respectively. After 5 times of desorption with CaCl2, CH3COOH and NaCl as eluent, the MMBB2 still remained excellent biosorptive capacity, so as it could be well regenerated for reuse and possible recovery of metals.

Food science technology, Sciences technologies alimentaires, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Industries agroalimentaires, Food industries, Huile alimentaire, Edible oil, Aceite alimentario, Huile végétale, Vegetable oil, Aceite vegetal, Pigment, Pigments, Pigmento, Autooxydation, Autoxidation, Autooxidación, Caroténoïde, Carotenoid, Carotenoide, Chlorophylle, Chlorophyll, Clorofila, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Décoloration, Discoloration, Decoloración, Huile olive, Olive oil, Aceite oliva, Huile vierge, Virgin oil, Aceite virgen, Arrhenius parameters, Kinetic, Thermodegradation, and Virgin olive oil

Kinetic models are capable of predicting shelf life in keeping with the different variables that can affect the degradation of the food item. In this work, virgin olive oils (VOOs) extracted from olive fruits at three ripening stages with high, medium and low pigment contents respectively, were thermodegraded to characterize the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for the oxidation of two pigment fractions: a green fraction (chlorophylls) and a yellow fraction (carotenoids). A first-order kinetic mechanism was appropriate for describing the decoloration processes under non-oxygen thermal auto-oxidation. A marked effect of temperature has been pointed out, with the carotenoids (CARs) being the most affected by heat. The kinetic constants for the CAR degradation were about 3.6 times higher than the respective constants for chlorophylls (CHLs) that showed a more stable structure to decoloration by heat. As well, higher activation energy of CHLs (16.03 ± 0.26 kcal, mol-1) as compared to CARs (15.45 ± 0.17 kcal· mol-1) implies that a smaller temperature change is needed to increase the kinetic constant of CHLs. Neither isokinetic ratio nor compensation existed between the three VOO matrixes and further, for each pigment fraction (CHLs or CARs) all kinetic constants were explained by a single Arrhenius line. Consequently, the differences between the oily matrixes did not significantly affect the decoloration mechanisms, and moreover, the kinetic parameters obtained as temperature functions according to the Arrhenius model, can be used to develop a prediction mathematical model for decoloration of CHL and CAR pigment fractions in VOO over time and depending on temperature.

Biochemistry, molecular biology, biophysics, Biochimie, biologie moléculaire, biophysique, Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Biotechnologie, Biotechnology, Tobamovirus, Virus, Antibactérien, Antibacterial agent, Antibacteriano, Argent, Silver, Plata, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Croissance, Growth, Crecimiento, Nanoparticule, Nanoparticle, Nanopartícula, Polypeptide, Polipéptido, Virus mosaïque tabac, Tobacco mosaic virus, Biomimétique, Biomimetics, Growth kinetics, Heterogeneous reaction, Polypeptides, and Silver nanoparticles

We report simple, facile and size-controllable synthesis of uniform Ag nanoparticles with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as a biomediator in the absence of external reducing agents. UV-vis and TEM analysis show that Ag nanoparticles with average diameter of 2, 4 and 9 nm were obtained by simply tuning the ratio of TMV/Ag(NH3)2+. The Ag formation in the presence of TMV showed autocatalytic growth followed by coalescence. The as-prepared TMV-mediated Ag nanoparticles show substantially higher catalytic and antibacterial activities than previous results. For the 4-nitrophenol hydrogenation reaction, the rate constants per surface area for 2 and 9 nm Ag nanoparticles were determined to be 0.64 and 1.2 Lm-2 s-1 respectively. Both Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test and tube culture results demonstrate high antibacterial activity of TMV-mediated Ag particles against Escherichia coli, with minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of 2.3 and 2.5 ppm for 2 and 9 nm Ag nanoparticles respectively. We expect that our biomediated Ag synthesis approach can be readily extended to other biomaterials and metal nanoparticle systems.

Food science technology, Sciences technologies alimentaires, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Industries agroalimentaires, Food industries, Bactérie lactique, Lactic acid bacteria, Bacteria láctica, Boisson fermentée, Fermented beverage, Bebida fermentada, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Composé volatil, Volatile compound, Compuesto volátil, Céréale, Cereal, Fermentation, Fermentación, Flaveur, Flavor, Formulation, Formulación, Inoculum, Inóculum, Probiotique, Probiotic, Probioticó, Profil, Profile, Perfil, Substrat, Substrate, Substrato, Cereals, Fermented beverages, and Volatiles

Most of the commercialized probiotic formulations are dairy-based, and the development of non-dairy probiotic products could be a key area for new functional products. It has been proved that probiotic microorganisms can grow on cereal-based substrates, but flavour development in these has not been studied. In this work nine prospective cereal-based probiotic beverages were produced by inoculating oats, barley and malt substrates with single cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus (NCIMB 8821), Lactobacillus plantarum (NCIMB 8826), and Lactobacillus reuteri (NCIMB 11951). Volatile, and non-volatile flavour compounds, as well as cell growth, pH, free amino nitrogen (FAN), and total reducing sugars (TRS) profiles were monitored during fermentation. The malt beverage inoculated with L. plantarum had the highest amounts of acetaldehyde and diacetyl with concentrations of 6.21 mg/L and 0.38 mg/L respectively. The greatest amount of lactic acid (4.2 g/L) was measured in the malt beverage inoculated with L. acidophilus. In most of the beverages the maximum cell growth was reached after 8 h of fermentation (6.4―8.2 Log10 CFU/mL). It is clear from this work that each microorganism develops different flavours in the three media tested, and the right combination of microorganisms and substrates could lead to palatable probiotic products.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Physicochimie des polymeres, Physicochemistry of polymers, Polymères organiques, Organic polymers, Préparation, cinétique, thermodynamique, mécanisme et catalyseurs, Preparation, kinetics, thermodynamics, mechanism and catalysts, Polycondensation, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Biotechnologie, Biotechnology, Méthodes. Procédés. Technologies, Methods. Procedures. Technologies, Bioconversions. Hémisynthèses, Bioconversions. Hemisynthesis, Alcanoate(hydroxy) polymère, Alkanoate(hydroxy) polymer, Alcanoato(hidroxi) polímero, Article synthèse, Review, Artículo síntesis, Biosynthèse, Biosynthesis, Biosíntesis, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Cristallinité, Crystallinity, Cristalinidad, Cristallisation, Crystallization, Cristalización, Culture microorganisme, Microorganism culture, Cultivo microorganismo, Ester polymère, Ester polymer, Ester polímero, Mécanisme réaction, Reaction mechanism, Mecanismo reacción, Origine microbienne, Microbial origin, Origen microbiano, Polymère aliphatique, Aliphatic polymer, Polímero alifático, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Structure cristalline, Crystalline structure, Estructura cristalina, Distribution composition chimique, Isodimorphisme, Biopolymer, Microbial polyesters, Poly((R)-3-hydroxybutyrate), Poly((R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), and Polyhydroxyalkanoates

Orthopedics traumatology, Orthopédie, traumatologie, Applied physiology, ergonomics sports medicine, Physiologie appliquée, ergonomie, sport, Rheumatology, Rhumatologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Vertebres: mouvements corporels. Posture. Locomotion. Vol. Nage. Exercice physique. Repos. Sports, Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Traumatismes. Maladies dues aux agents physiques, Traumas. Diseases due to physical agents, Traumatismes des membres. Traumatismes du rachis, Injuries of the limb. Injuries of the spine, Physiologie humaine appliquee a l'etude des populations et des conditions de vie. Ecophysiologie humaine, Human physiology applied to population studies and life conditions. Human ecophysiology, Biomécanique, Biomechanics, Biomecánica, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Exercice physique, Physical exercise, Ejercicio físico, Fonctionnement, Running, Funcionamiento, Lésion, Lesion, Lesión, Manipulation, Manipulación, Plantaire, Plantar, Plante pied, Foot sole, Planta pie, Pression, Pressure, Presión, Sportif, Athlete, Deportista, Traumatisme, Trauma, Traumatismo, Course à pied, biomechanics, cadence, kinetics, overuse injury, pressure, and running

Our purpose was to evaluate effects of cadence manipulation on plantar loading during running. Participants (n=38) ran on a treadmill at their preferred speed in 3 conditions: preferred, 5% increased, and 5% decreased while measured using in-shoe sensors. Data (contact time [CT], peak force [PF], force time integral [FTII, pressure time integral [PTI] and peak pressure [PP]) were recorded for 30 right footfalls. Multivariate analysis was performed to detect differences in loading between cadences in the total foot and 4 plantar regions. Differences in plantar loading occurred between cadence conditions. Total foot CT and PF were lower with a faster cadence, but no total foot PP differences were observed. Faster cadence reduced CT, pressure and force variables in both the heel and metatarsal regions. Increasing cadence did not elevate metatarsal loads; rather, total foot and all regions were reduced when healthy runners increased their cadence. If a 5 % increase in cadence from preferred were maintained over each mile run the impulse at the heel would be reduced by an estimated 565 body weights*s (BW*s) and the metatarsals 140-170 BW*s per mile run despite the increased steps taken. Increasing cadence may benefit overuse injuries associated with elevated plantar loading.

Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Ecology, Ecologie, Environment, Environnement, Pollution, Toxicology, Toxicologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Biotechnologie, Biotechnology, Applications et implications industrielles. Aspects économiques, Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects, Environnement et pollution, Environment and pollution, Biodégradation des polluants, Biodegradation of pollutants, Angiospermae, Bactérie, Bacteria, Brome Composé organique, Bromine Organic compounds, Bromo Compuesto orgánico, Dicotyledones, Polluant organique persistant, Persistent organic pollutant, Contaminante organico persistente, Spermatophyta, Theaceae, Agent surface biologique, Biosurfactant, Agente superficie biológico, Brevibacillus brevis, Camellia sinensis, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Composé peu volatil, Low volatile compound, Compuesto poco volátil, Devenir polluant, Pollutant behavior, Evolución contaminante, Dégradation biologique, Biodegradation, Degradación biológica, Glycoside, Glicósido, Origine végétale, Plant origin, Origen vegetal, Retardateur flamme, Flame retardant, Retardador llama, Saponine, Saponin, Saponina, Toxique, Poison, Tóxico, Phényle éther(polybromo), Polybromo diphenyl ether, Decabromodiphenyl ether, Enhancement, and Surfactant

Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) is a ubiquitous persistent pollutant and has contaminated the environment worldwide. To accelerate BDE209 elimination and reveal the mechanism concerned, the biosurfactant tea saponin enhanced degradation of BDE209 by Brevibacillus brevis was conducted. The results revealed that tea saponin could efficiently increase the solubility of BDE209 in mineral salts medium and improve its biodegradation. The degradation efficiency of 0.5 mg L―1 BDE209 by 1 g L―1 biomass with surfactant was up to 55% within 5 d. Contact time was a significant factor for BDE209 biodegradation. BDE209 biodegradation was coupled with bioaccumulation, ion release and utilization, and debromination to lower brominated PBDE metabolites. During the biodegradation process, B. brevis metabolically released Na+, NH+4, NO-2 and Cl―and utilized the nutrient ions Mg2+, PO34― and SO24―. GC-MS analysis revealed that the structure of BDE209 changed under the action of strain and nonabromodiphenyl ethers (BDE-208, -207 and -206), octabromodiphenyl ethers (BDE-203, -197 and -196) and heptabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-183) were generated by debromination.

Ecology, Ecologie, Environment, Environnement, Pollution, Toxicology, Toxicologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Ecologie animale, vegetale et microbienne, Animal, plant and microbial ecology, Ecologie appliquée, Applied ecology, Ecotoxicologie, effets biologiques de la pollution, Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution, Ecosystèmes dulçaquicoles, Fresh water environment, Arthropoda, Branchiopoda, Cladocera, Crustacea, Invertebrata, Pisces, Vertebrata, Accumulation biologique, Biological accumulation, Acumulación biológica, Acide humique, Humic acid, Acido húmico, Brachydanio rerio, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Daphnia magna, Distribution, Distribución, Elimination, Eliminación, Facteur milieu, Environmental factor, Factor medio, Fullerènes, Fullerenes, Matière organique, Organic matter, Materia orgánica, Milieu aquatique, Aquatic environment, Medio acuático, Milieu eau douce, Freshwater environment, Medio agua dulce, Nanoparticule, Nanoparticle, Nanopartícula, Suspension particule, Particle suspension, Suspensión partícula, Tissu, Tissue, Tejido, Biodistribution, Polluant émergent, Emerging pollutant, Bioconcentration, and Environmental transport

The authors investigated the uptake and depuration of fullerene aqueous suspensions (nC60) in 2 aquatic organisms: Daphnia magna and zebrafish. The effects of humic acid were examined to elucidate its possible mechanisms in the aquatic environment. The uptake was concentration-dependent in both organisms, and the maximum uptake concentration of nC60 in Daphnia (2268 ± 158 mg/kg) was approximately 1 order of magnitude higher than that in zebrafish (222 ± 30 mg/kg) because of the larger gut volume ratio to the mass of Daphnia or its high uptake efficiency. Humic acid reduced the uptake of nC60 in Daphnia and zebrafish as a result of the size effect and the polarity alternation of nC60. The depuration patterns were rapid for Daphnia and slow for zebrafish, and the differences were most likely the result of different water exchange frequencies between organisms. The remaining nC60 percentages were approximately 20% for Daphnia and 30% for zebrafish after 48-h depuration, suggesting that a large nC60 burden still existed for both aquatic organisms and that there is a need for further studies on the potential for trophic transfer.

Biochemistry, molecular biology, biophysics, Biochimie, biologie moléculaire, biophysique, Analytical chemistry, Chimie analytique, Pharmacology drugs, Pharmacologie, galénique, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Biochimie analytique, structurale et metabolique, Analytical, structural and metabolic biochemistry, Protéines, Proteins, Généralités, méthodes d'étude, General aspects, investigation methods, Enzyme, Enzima, Glycosidases, Glycosylases, Hydrolases, Adsorbant, Adsorbent, Adsorbente, Adsorption, Adsorción, Capacité adsorption, Adsorption capacity, Capacidad adsorción, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Composé biochimique, Biochemical compound, Compuesto bioquímico, Lysozyme, Matériau poreux, Porous material, Material poroso, Morphologie, Morphology, Morfología, Mésoporosité, Mesoporosity, Mesoporosidad, Propriété physicochimique, Physicochemical properties, Propiedad fisicoquímica, Protéine basique, Basic protein, Proteína básica, Protéine sérique, Serum protein, Proteína sérica, Préparation, Preparation, Preparación, Silice, Silica, Sílice, Sérumalbumine, Serum albumin, Seroalbúmina, Foams, Mesostructured silica, Protein adsorption, and Window size

Mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) silica spheres with different textual parameters were synthesized using a triblock copolymer as a template. The effects of acid concentration and aging time on the window size and morphology were discussed. Besides, the adsorption performances of lysozyme and bovine serum albumin on the blank MCF with different window size and aminopropyl-modified MCFs were studied. The adsorption capacity and rates were shown to be dependent on the window size and surface chemical properties of the adsorbents. In particular, the MCF with window size of 15.2 nm showed fast adsorption for lysozyme with an adsorption capacity of 500 mg/g in 10 min. Furthermore, it has been shown that MCF spheres are potential materials in the separation of biomolecules because of their chemical tunable surface and molecular sieve properties.

Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Biotechnologie, Biotechnology, Méthodes. Procédés. Technologies, Methods. Procedures. Technologies, Bioconversions. Hémisynthèses, Bioconversions. Hemisynthesis, Carboxylic ester hydrolases, Enzyme, Enzima, Esterases, Hydrolases, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Modèle cinétique, Kinetic model, Modelo cinético, Mécanisme, Mechanism, Mecanismo, Optimisation, Optimization, Optimización, Solvant, Solvent, Solvente, Triacylglycerol lipase, Isobutyl propionate, Kinetic models, Novozym® 435, Ping-Pong Bi―Bi mechanism, and Solvent free system (SFS)

Isobutyl propionate is widely used in food and beverage industries as a rum flavor. This work presents the optimization and kinetic aspects of synthesis of isobutyl propionate by esterification of propionic acid with isobutyl alcohol using immobilized lipase Novozym® 435 in a solvent free system (SFS). Process parameters such as reaction time, temperature, enzyme loading, speed of agitation, water concentration and acid to alcohol molar ratio were optimized to achieve maximum conversion. Higher conversion of 92.52% was obtained with the reaction conditions such as: temperature 40 C, enzyme loading 5% w/w, acid to alcohol molar ratio 1:3, time 10h and stirring speed of 300 rpm. The bisubstrate kinetic models of the enzyme catalyzed reactions namely Ordered Bi―Bi, Random Bi―Bi and Ping-Pong Bi―Bi were applied to determine the initial rates and correlated with the experimental findings. Ping-Pong Bi―Bi model with substrate inhibition by both acid and alcohol gives the best fit with parameter values as Vmax = 0.5 Mol/min/g catalyst, KA = 0.631 M, KB = 0.003 M, KiA = 0.0042 M and KiB = 0.1539 M for the concentration ranges of 2.25―10.21 M for propionic acid and 2.55―9.01 M for iso-butanol. The immobilized lipase could be reused for seven times with the % conversion of acid reaching to 83%; signifies that still it can be reused for several more times. SFS is the added benefit to produce such commercially valuable flavor ester.

Biochemistry, molecular biology, biophysics, Biochimie, biologie moléculaire, biophysique, Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Biotechnologie, Biotechnology, Chimie, Chemistry, Química, Chlorure de sodium, Sodium chloride, Sodio cloruro, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Dénaturation, Denaturation, Desnaturalización, Inhibition, Inhibición, Paramètre cinétique, Kinetic parameter, Parámetro cinético, Protéine, Protein, Proteína, Synergie, Synergism, Sinergia, Thermodynamique, Thermodynamics, Termodinámica, Tréhalose, Trehalose, Trehalosa, Biophysical chemistry, Ferricytochrome c, Kinetic parameters, and Protein denaturation

It is known that trehalose and sodium chloride (NaCl) can both effectively inhibit acid-induced protein denaturation, but the thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors of acid-induced protein unfolding synergistically inhibited by trehalose and NaCl are unclear. In this study, the synergistic inhibition effects of trehalose and NaCl on the acid-induced unfolding of ferricytochrome c were studied at pH 2.0. Thermodynamic parameters were firstly derived based on fluorescence spectroscopic data. Then, kinetic behaviors were studied using stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy. It was found that the kinetics of the acid-induced protein unfolding transformed from a triphasic process (i.e., fast, intermediate and slow phases) into a biphasic one (i.e., intermediate and slow phases) and then a single slow phase process with increasing either trehalose or NaCl concentration in the mixture. The rate constants for all the unfolding phases change slightly, while the amplitudes for the fast and intermediate phases diminish greatly with increasing the concentration of trehalose or NaCl. This clearly indicates that the mixture of trehalose and NaCl could synergistically inhibit acid-induced protein unfolding by reducing the extent of protein conformational changes, thus inducing a stable molten-globule state at higher concentrations of the agents.