articles+ search results
48,728 articles+ results
1 - 20
Next
Number of results to display per page
-
ZHIYONG ZHANG, WAYNE JIANG, QIU JIAN, WENCHENG SONG, ZUNTAO ZHENG, DONGLAN WANG, and XIANJIN LIU
- Food chemistry. 168:396-403
- Subjects
-
Food science technology, Sciences technologies alimentaires, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Toxicologie, Toxicology, Toxicologie des pesticides, engrais et autres produits chimiques à usage agricole, Pesticides, fertilizers and other agrochemicals toxicology, Toxicologie alimentaire, Food toxicology, Céréale, Cereal, Dérivé d'azole, Azole derivatives, Azol derivado, Dérivé du triazole, Triazole derivatives, Triazol derivado, Pesticide, Pesticides, Plaguicida, Blé, Wheat, Trigo, Chinois, Chinese, Chino, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Fongicide, Fungicide, Fungicida, Propiconazole, Résidu, Residue, Resíduo, Sol, Soils, Suelo, Difenoconazole, Dissipation kinetics, Residues, and Soil
- Abstract
-
An analytical method for simultaneously determining the residues of difenoconazole and propiconazole in wheat straw, wheat grain and soil was developed. Mean recoveries and relative standard deviations in all samples ranged 86.2―101.3% and 3.1―12.1% for propiconazole and difenoconazole. The half-lives of difenoconazole and propiconazole were 3.6―5.5 days and 5.1―6.9 days in wheat straws, and 4.9―5.8 days and 6.1―8.4 days in soil, respectively. The residues in wheat grain were found to be <0.01 mg/kg, based on the application rate (135 g a.i./ha) and the pre-harvest interval (PHI = 28 days) recommended by the manufacturer. The results suggest that the use of difenoconazole and propiconazole on wheat is considered to be safe under the Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) in the Chinese fields, and the main factors for pesticide residue in crops are application times, rates and pre-harvest intervals.
2. Pectin plays an important role on the kinetics properties of polyphenol oxidase from honeydew peach [2015]
-
LIANG LIU, SHAOQIAN CAO, HUA YANG, and XIANGYANG QI
- Food chemistry. 168:14-20
- Subjects
-
Food science technology, Sciences technologies alimentaires, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Toxicologie, Toxicology, Toxicologie alimentaire, Food toxicology, Fruit, Fruto, Origine végétale, Plant origin, Origen vegetal, Polyoside, Polysaccharide, Poliósido, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Pectine, Pectin, Pectina, Purification, Purificación, Pêche (fruit), Peach, Durazno, EC 1.10.3.1, and Polyphenol oxidase
- Abstract
-
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was purified from peach pulp by a three-step column chromatographic procedure. The kinetics properties of the PPO fractions obtained from different purification steps were compared. All the fractions showed high affinities for (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin. The optimum pHs and optimum temperatures for all the fractions were the same. However, the fraction that contained pectin was more sensitive to the change of pH, and it had a lower affinity for the substrates and a higher thermostability than the fractions without pectin. In addition, the protein impurities in PPO fractions might have no effect on the properties of PPO. L-Cysteine and glutathione were effective for the inhibition of all the PPO fractions, while NaF inhibited moderately. However, the pectin could reduce the inhibition effects of those inhibitors.
-
MISHRA, Vivek, JUNG, Seo-Hyun, JONG MOK PARK, HAN MO JEONG, and LEE, Hyung-Il
- Precisely Controlled Polymer Architectures via Molecular Engineering, Part 2Macromolecular rapid communications. 35(4):442-446
- Subjects
-
Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Physicochimie des polymeres, Physicochemistry of polymers, Polymères organiques, Organic polymers, Propriétés et caractérisation, Properties and characterization, Propriétés des solutions et des gels, Solution and gel properties, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Pharmacologie. Traitements medicamenteux, Pharmacology. Drug treatments, Pharmacologie générale, General pharmacology, Technologie pharmaceutique. Industrie pharmaceutique, Pharmaceutical technology. Pharmaceutical industry, Amine polymère, Amine polymer, Amina polímero, Amine tertiaire, Tertiary amine, Amina terciaria, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Colorant organique, Organic dye, Colorante orgánico, Effet structure, Structure effect, Efecto estructura, Effet température, Temperature effect, Efecto temperatura, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Gel colloïdal, Colloidal gel, Gel coloidal, Gonflement, Swelling, Inflamiento, Libération, Release, Liberación, Méthacrylate polymère, Methacrylate polymer, Metacrilato polímero, Polymère vecteur, Control release polymer, Polímero vector, Polymérisation radicalaire, Free radical polymerization, Polimerización radicalar, Polyélectrolyte, Polyelectrolyte, Polielectrolito, Préparation, Preparation, Preparación, Rhodamine, Rodamina, Triazole dérivé polymère, Triazole derivative polymer, Triazol derivado polímero, Vecteur médicament, Drug carrier, Vector medicamento, pH, Effet densité réticulation, Interaction pi pi, Polymère sensible stimuli, DMAEMA, anticancer, hydrogels, sustained release, and triazole
- Abstract
-
The purpose of this study is to develop novel triazole-containing hydrogels (TGs) as drug carrier and to investigate the sustained drug release accomplished by their time-dependent swelling behavior. The synthetic pathway of TGs includes: (1) DCC-coupling on hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) to prepare HEMA-alkyne (HA), (2) click-coupling to prepare a triazole-ring-containing monomer (TM), and (3) the synthesis of a series of TGs. The aggregation between triazole rings is found to be responsible for drug release controllability. Rhodamine 6G is studied as a model anticancer drug for release experiments. The effects of pH and temperature on the properties of sustained drug release are also studied.
- Full text View on content provider's site
-
BIRUNGI, Z. S and CHIRWA, E. M. N
- Special Issue on BiosorptionBioresource technology. 160:43-51
- Subjects
-
Biomass, bioproducts, Biomasse, bioproduits, Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Wastes, Déchets, Energy, Énergie, Environment, Environnement, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Biotechnologie, Biotechnology, Absorption, Absorción, Biosorption, Biosorción, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Eau douce, Fresh water, Agua dulce, Etude comparative, Comparative study, Estudio comparativo, Lanthane, Lanthanum, Lantano, Microorganisme, Microorganism, Microorganismo, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Paroi cellulaire, Cell wall, Pared celular, Algue, Alga, Cell wall properties, Micro algae, and Modelling
- Abstract
-
In this study, the adsorption and desorption kinetics of lanthanum (La) on micro algal cells was investigated. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 18S ribosomal RNA gene (rRNA) were used for molecular identification of the species. The algal species were found to have 95-98% identities to Desmodesmus multivariabilis, Scenedesmus acuminutus, Chloroidium saccharophilum and Stichococcus bacillaris. The species were cultured and tested independently. D. multivariabilis was found to be the most efficient at adsorbing lanthanum with a maximum sorption capacity (qmax) of 100mg/g and a high affinity (b) of 4.55 L/g. Desorption of La was also highest in D. multivariabilis with recovery up to 99.63% at initial concentration as high as 100 mg/L. Desorption data fitted best to the modified pseudo second-order with a better correlation coefficient (R2) of ≤0.98 than first order model. The results showed feasibility of lanthanum recovery using algal sorbents, a cost effective method.
- Full text View on content provider's site
-
VALERO, Antonio, HERNANDEZ, Marta, DE CESARE, Alessandra, MANFREDA, Gerardo, GONZALEZ-GARCIA, Patricia, and RODRIGUEZ-LAZARO, David
- Selection and Improving of Fit-for-Purpose Sampling Procedures for Specific Foods and Risks (BASELINE SPECIAL ISSUE)International journal of food microbiology. 184:39-44
- Subjects
-
Food science technology, Sciences technologies alimentaires, Microbiology, infectious diseases, Microbiologie, maladies infectieuses, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Industries agroalimentaires, Food industries, Microbiologie alimentaire, Food microbiology, Animal à viande, Meat animals, Animales de carne, Artiodactyla, Bactérie, Bacteria, Mammalia, Produit laitier, Dairy product, Producto lácteo, Ungulata, Vertebrata, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Conservation aliment, Food preservation, Conservación alimento, Entreposage, Warehousing, Almacenamiento, Fromage, Cheese, Queso, Lait cru, Raw milk, Leche cruda, Listeria monocytogenes, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Mouton, Sheep, Carnero, Stockage, Storage, Survie, Survival, Sobrevivencia, Température, Temperature, Temperatura, and Raw sheep milk cured cheese
- Abstract
-
Raw sheep milk cured cheese produced in the Castilla y Leon region (Spain) constitutes a traditional semi-hard aromatic cheese typically aged for three to six months. This product is catalogued as ready-to-eat since it is not submitted to any further treatment before consumption. Thus, foodborne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes can represent a health concern for susceptible consumers. This study was aimed at evaluating the survival of L monocytogenes on raw sheep milk cured cheese under different storage temperatures. Log-linear + shoulder and Weibull type models were fitted to data observed in order to estimate kinetic parameters. The Arrhenius relationship was further used to predict the impact of temperature on L monocytogenes behavior during storage at 4,12 and 22 °C. Additionally, growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a representative group of the indigenous microbiota was evaluated. Results obtained indicated that the time to eradication (time when absence of L monocytogenes in the analyzed samples was observed) was 114, 104, and 77 days for cheese samples stored at 4,12 and 22 °C, respectively. The LAB population showed an increase at 12 and 22 °C during storage. However, an increase of 1 log CFU/g was observed during the first 2 weeks irrespectively of the storage temperature. The log-linear + shoulder model indicated a good fit to observed data. Likewise, the Arrhenius relationship explained sufficiently the dependency of temperature on L,monocytogenes behavior. This study demonstrated that cheese storage at ambient temperatures could lead to the preservation of its quality properties as well as its safety against L. monocytogenes.
-
KILLBERG-THORESON, Lynn, MULHOLLAND, Margaret R, HEIL, Cynthia A, SANDERSON, Marta P, O'NEIL, Judith M, and BRONK, Deborah A
- Nutrient dynamics of Karenia brevis red tide blooms in the eastern Gulf of MexicoHarmful algae. 38:73-85
- Subjects
-
Plant biology and physiology, Biologie et physiologie végétales, Ecology, Ecologie, Environment, Environnement, Toxicology, Toxicologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Cytologie, morphologie, systematique, floristique et evolution des vegetaux, Plant cytology, morphology, systematics, chorology and evolution, Thallophyta, Algae, Protozoaires, Protozoa, Ecologie animale, vegetale et microbienne, Animal, plant and microbial ecology, Ecologie animale et végétale, Animal and plant ecology, Autoécologie, Autoecology, Végétaux et champignons, Plants and fungi, Algae, Protozoa, Algue nuisible, Harmful alga, Alga nociva, Aminoacide, Aminoacid, Aminoácido, Ammonium, Amonio, Azote, Nitrogen, Nitrógeno, Captation, Uptake, Captación, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Nitrate, Nitrates, Nitrato, Population naturelle, Natural population, Población natural, Urée, Urea, Urées, Ureas, Alveolata, Dinozoa, Karenia brevis, Protiste, Amino acids, and Uptake kinetics
- Abstract
-
This study represents the most comprehensive assessment of kinetic parameters for Karenia brevis to date as it encompasses natural populations sampled during three different bloom years in addition to cultured strains under controlled conditions. Nitrogen (N) uptake kinetics for ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), urea, an amino acid mixture, individual amino acids (glutamate and alanine), and humic substrates were examined for the toxic red tide dinoflagellate, K. brevis, during short term incubations (0.5-1 h) using 15N tracer techniques. Experiments were conducted using natural populations collected during extensive blooms along the West Florida Shelf in October 2001, 2002, and 2007, and in cultured strains (CCFWC 251 and CCFWC 267) obtained from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Institute culture collection. Kinetic parameters for the maximum uptake velocity (Vmax), half-saturation concentration (Ks), and the affinity constant (α) were determined. The affinity constant is considered a more accurate indicator of substrate affinity at low concentrations. K. brevis took up all organic substrates tested, including N derived from humic substances. Uptake rates of the amino acid mixture and some NO3- incubations did not saturate even at the highest substrate additions (50-200 μmol N L-1). Based upon the calculated α values, the greatest substrate preference was for NH4+ followed by NO3- > urea, humic compounds and amino acids. The ability of K. brevis to utilize a variety of inorganic and organic substrates likely helps it flourish under a wide range of nutrient conditions from bloom initiation in oligotrophic waters offshore to bloom maintenance near shore where ambient nutrient concentrations may be orders of magnitude greater.
- Full text View on content provider's site
-
SOSNIK, Alejandro, DAS NEVES, José, and SARMENTO, Bruno
- Topical Issue on BiomaterialsProgress in polymer science. 39(12):2030-2075
- Subjects
-
Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Physicochimie des polymeres, Physicochemistry of polymers, Polymères d'origine naturelle, Natural polymers, Amidon et polyosides divers, Starch and polysaccharides, Polymères organiques, Organic polymers, Propriétés et caractérisation, Properties and characterization, Propriétés spéciales (catalyseur, réactif ou support), Special properties (catalyst, reagent or carrier), Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Pharmacologie. Traitements medicamenteux, Pharmacology. Drug treatments, Pharmacologie générale, General pharmacology, Technologie pharmaceutique. Industrie pharmaceutique, Pharmaceutical technology. Pharmaceutical industry, Adhérence, Adhesion, Adherencia, Article synthèse, Review, Artículo síntesis, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Libération, Release, Liberación, Muqueuse, Mucosa, Mécanisme, Mechanism, Mecanismo, Polymère vecteur, Control release polymer, Polímero vector, Vecteur médicament, Drug carrier, Vector medicamento, Mucoadhérence, Mucoadhésif, Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems, Mucoadhesive natural, synthetic and semi-synthetic polymers, and Pharmaceutical materials science pharmaceutical research and development
- Abstract
-
The presence of a mucus layer that covers the surface of a variety of organs has been capitalized to develop mucoadhesive dosage forms that remain in the administration site for prolonged times, increasing the local and/or systemic bioavailability of the administered drug. The emergence of micro and nanotechnologies together with the implementation of non-invasive and painless administration routes has revolutionized the pharmaceutical market and the treatment of disease. Aiming to overcome the main drawbacks of the oral route and to maintain patient compliance high, the engineering of innovative drug delivery systems administrable by mucosal routes has come to light and gained the interest of the scientific community due to the possibility to dramatically change pharmacokinetics. In addition, to achieve the goal of mucosal drug administration, the development of biomaterials has been refined to fit specific applications. The present review initially describes the potential of nano-drug delivery systems conceived for mucosal administration by diverse non-parenteral routes (e.g., oral, inhalatory, etc.). Then, the benefit of the incorporation of mucoadhesive polymers into the structure of these innovative pharmaceutical products to prolong their residence time in the administration site and the release of the drug cargo will be discussed with focus in the developments of the last decade. In addition, the regulatory status of the most extensively used mucoadhesive polymers will be emphasized. Finally, a thorough overview of the different pharmaceutical applications of mucoadhesive polymers will be addressed.
- Full text View on content provider's site
8. Ion fluxes in Paxillus involutus-inoculated roots of Populus × canescens under saline stress [2014]
-
XUJUN MA, MIAO SUN, GANG SA, YUHONG ZHANG, JING LI, JIAN SUN, XIN SHEN, POLLE, Andrea, and SHAOLIANG CHEN
- Plant biotic and abiotic interactionsEnvironmental and experimental botany. 108:99-108
- Subjects
-
Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Plant biology and physiology, Biologie et physiologie végétales, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Physiologie vegetale et developpement, Plant physiology and development, Parasitisme et symbiose, Parasitism and symbiosis, Symbiose, Symbiosis, Basidiomycota, Mycorhize, Mycorrhiza, Micorriza, Symbionte, Symbiont, Simbionte, Botanique, Botany, Botánica, Chlorure de sodium, Sodium chloride, Sodio cloruro, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Ectomycorhize, Ectomycorrhiza, Ectomicorriza, Flux, Flujo, Fungi, Homéostasie, Homeostasis, Inoculation, Inoculación, Ion, Ions, Ión, Phénomène transitoire, Transients, Fenómeno transitorio, Salinité, Salinity, Salinidad, Stress, Estrés, Ecologie végétale, Plant ecology, Ecología vegetal, Paxillus involutus, Populus canescens, Ectomycorrhizal fungi, Ion homeostasis, NMT, NaCl, Poplar, and Transient kinetics
- Abstract
-
The Paxillus involutus strains MAJ and NAU improve ion homeostasis under salt stress although only strain MAJ forms a functional ectomycorrhiza with poplar roots, whereas strain NAU induces defense reactions. The goal of the present study was to determine whether beneficial effects of MAJ and NAU on root nutrient element fluxes are induced during early stages of fungal-root interaction or require long-term co-culture. Salt-induced flux profiles of H+, Na+ K+ and Ca2+ were examined in the salt-sensitive poplar Populus × canescens after inoculation for 10d and 20d with the P. involutus strains, MAJ and NAU and after short-term (24h) and long-term (7d) salt stress. Inoculation with P. involutus for 10d and 20d increased the capacity of P. × canescens roots to retain K+ after short and long-term exposure to NaCl stress (100 mM). P. involutus-inoculated plants reduced the influx of Na+, especially in the NAU-inoculated roots. The salt-elicited Na+ efflux corresponded with an apparent decline of H+ extrusion in NAU-inoculated roots, which was presumably the result of increased Na+/H+ exchange activity across the plasma membrane. After 10 days of fungal inoculation, P. x canescens roots exhibited an enhanced Ca2+ uptake ability upon salt treatments, whereas a prolonged inoculation time of 20 d caused a marked Ca2+ efflux from P. × canescens roots. The P. involutus-elicited Ca2+ enrichment was probably replaced by Na+ at the later stage of fungal colonization. Ca2+ enrichment is known to mediate K+/Na+ homeostasis in poplar roots under salt stress and therefore both NAU- and MAJ-impeded Na+ accumulation compared with non-inoculated roots. NAU provided greater benefit to the inoculated roots to the maintenance of the K+/Na+ homeostasis because of the pronounced Na+ extrusion during the early stage of fungal colonization when the Ca2+ enrichment was greater than in MAJ-inoculated roots. In accordance with flux data, the whole-plant assessment revealed that inoculation with P. involutus attenuated NaCl-induced leaf damage in P. × canescens. Overall, our results support that the formation of a mature ectomycorrhiza is not required for the amelioration of the protection from salinity stress.
- Full text View on content provider's site
-
LIU, Ji-Jun, HU, Guo-Rong, KE DU, PENG, Zhong-Dong, and CAO, Yan-Bing
- The sustainability agenda of the minerals and energy supply and demand network: an integrative analysis of ecological, ethical, economic, and technological dimensionsJournal of cleaner production. 84:746-751
- Subjects
-
Sustainable development, Développement durable, Environment, Environnement, Management economics, Gestion, économie, management, Pollution, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Pollution, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Ecologie animale, vegetale et microbienne, Animal, plant and microbial ecology, Ecologie appliquée, Applied ecology, Conservation, protection, gestion de l'environnement, de la flore et de la faune, Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife, Environnement et développement durable, Environment and sustainable development, Chromate, Chromates, Cromato, Chrome, Chromium, Cromo, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Développement durable, Sustainable development, Desarrollo sostenible, Lessivage, Leaching, Lavado, Protection environnement, Environmental protection, Protección medio ambiente, Prévention pollution, Pollution prevention, Prevención polución, Sulfate, Sulfates, Sulfato, Chromium sulfate, Cr―Fe alloy, and Leaching kinetics
- Abstract
-
In the traditional leaching process for producing chromate from chromite ore, large quantities of chromium-containing residues and dusts are discharged, creating serious environmental pollution. In order to solve this serious environmental problem and realize a clean production process for chromate, a new cleaning process using a Cr―Fe alloy as a raw material has been developed, in which the pollution problem of chromium-containing residues caused by the leaching process is resolved. The effects of leaching temperature, reaction time, particle size, stirring rate, and liquid-to-solid ratio in the leaching process have been investigated in this study. The experiment results show that the leaching ratio of the Cr and Fe in the alloy can be greater than 97% at a leaching temperature of 90 °C, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 3:1, an alloy powder particle size of 200 mesh, a stirring rate of 300 rpm and a leaching time of 6 h. Kinetic analysis was carried out, and the calculated activation energy for chromium leaching was 43.94 kJ/mol, indicating control of this process by a chemical reaction on the particle surface. In the proposed process for producing chromate from a Cr―Fe alloy, chromium is present in the form of Cr3+, so the pollution problem of hexavalent chromium residues can be resolved and clean production can be realized.
- Full text View on content provider's site
-
MESNIER, Xavier, GREGORY, Charlotte, FANCA-BERTHON, Pascale, BOUKOBZA, Fabienne, and BILY, Antoine
- Advances and new trends in natural pigments in foods: chemistry, biochemistry, technology and healthFood research international. 65:149-155
- Subjects
-
Food science technology, Sciences technologies alimentaires, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Industries agroalimentaires, Food industries, Pigment, Pigments, Pigmento, Vitamine, Vitamin, Vitamina, Acide ascorbique, Ascorbic acid, Acido ascórbico, Antioxydant, Antioxidant, Antioxidante, Boisson, Beverage, Bebida, Carotène, Carotene, Caroteno, Caroténoïde, Carotenoid, Carotenoide, Chaleur, Heat, Calor, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Composé hydrosoluble, Water soluble compound, Compuesto hidrosoluble, Couleur, Color, Dégradation, Degradation, Degradación, Emulsion, Emulsión, Etude comparative, Comparative study, Estudio comparativo, Lumière, Light, Luz, Naturel, Natural, Qualité, Quality, Calidad, Stabilité, Stability, Estabilidad, Beverages, Carotenoids, Colour degradation kinetics, Natural colour, and Rosmarinic acid
- Abstract
-
Natural carotenoid emulsions are commonly used to colour beverages. However, carotenoids are frequently prone to oxidation, which results in undesirable colour loss. This study investigates the effect of the direct addition to the beverage of water soluble antioxidants on the colour stability in both direct light (sun test) and heat conditions. A synthetic antioxidant, ascorbic acid, is compared to a natural one, a rosemary extract rich in rosmarinic acid. The addition of ascorbic acid results in improved stability to light but has negative effect for heat stability. The addition of rosemary affects both heat and light stability favourably, even though it is not as efficient to prevent carotenoid degradation in the sun test. It can be concluded that the rosemary extract is a good natural alternative to synthetic ascorbic acid. Its combination with ascorbic acid could be very efficient to improve both light and heat stability of beverages coloured with natural carotenoids.
-
ELWAKEEL, Khalid Z, ATIA, Asem A, and GUIBAL, Eric
- Special Issue on BiosorptionBioresource technology. 160:107-114
- Subjects
-
Biomass, bioproducts, Biomasse, bioproduits, Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Wastes, Déchets, Energy, Énergie, Environment, Environnement, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Chitosane, Chitosan, Quitosano, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Dérivé du chitosane, Chitosan derivatives, Quitosano derivado, Ion, Ions, Ión, Résine, Resins, Resina, Solution aqueuse, Aqueous solution, Solución acuosa, Sorbant, Sorbent, Sorbente, Thermodynamique, Thermodynamics, Termodinámica, Uranium, Uranio, Chitosan derivative, Ferromagnetic sorbent, and Uranyl ion removal
- Abstract
-
Chitosan was cross-linked using glutaraldehyde in the presence of magnetite. The resin was chemically modified through the reaction with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) to produce amine bearing chitosan. The resin showed a higher affinity towards the uptake of UO22 ions from aqueous medium: maximum sorption capacity reached 1.8 mmol g-1 at pH 4 and 25 °C. The nature of interaction of UO22 ions with the resin was identified. Kinetics were carried out at different temperatures and thermodynamic parameters were evaluated. Breakthrough curves for the removal of UO22 were studied at different flow rates, bed heights and after 3 regeneration cycles. Hydrochloric acid (0.5 M) was used for desorbing UO22 from loaded resin: desorption yield as high as 98% was obtained.
- Full text View on content provider's site
-
ARNOSTI, C, BELL, C, MOORHEAD, D. L, SINSABAUGH, R. L, STEEN, A. D, STROMBERGER, M, WALLENSTEIN, M, and WEINTRAUB, M. N
- Enzymes in Biogeochemical Cycles: Integrating Experimental Data, Theory, and ModelsBiogeochemistry (Dordrecht). 117(1):5-21
- Subjects
-
Agronomy, agriculture, phytopathology, Agronomie, agriculture, phytopathologie, Biochemistry, molecular biology, biophysics, Biochimie, biologie moléculaire, biophysique, Ecology, Ecologie, Geology, Géologie, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Terre, ocean, espace, Earth, ocean, space, Sciences de la terre, Earth sciences, Formations superficielles, Surficial geology, Sols, Soils, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Ecologie animale, vegetale et microbienne, Animal, plant and microbial ecology, Ecologie animale et végétale, Animal and plant ecology, Synécologie, Synecology, Ecosystèmes terrestres, Terrestrial ecosystems, Carbone, carbon, Carbono, Cinétique, kinetics, Cinética, Cycle carbone, carbon cycle, Ecosystème, ecosystems, Ecosistema, Elément nutritif, nutrients, Nutriente, Enzyme, enzymes, Enzima, Humidité sol, soil moisture, Humedad suelo, Microorganisme, microorganisms, Microorganismo, Milieu aquatique, aquatic environment, Milieu continental, terrestrial environment, Medio continental, Milieu eau douce, fresh-water environment, Medio agua dulce, Milieu marin, marine environment, Medio marino, PH, pH, Sol, soils, Suelo, Température, temperature, Temperatura, Aquatic, Extracellular enzymes, Marine, Microbial communities, Soil, and Terrestrial
- Abstract
-
Extracellular enzymes produced by heterotrophic microbial communities are major drivers of carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments. Although carbon and nutrient cycles are coupled on global scales, studies of extracellular enzymes associated with terrestrial, freshwater, and marine microbial communities are not often compared across ecosystems. In part, this disconnect arises because the environmental parameters that control enzyme activities in terrestrial and freshwater systems, such as temperature, pH, and moisture content, have little explanatory power for patterns of enzyme activities in marine systems. Instead, factors such as the functional diversity of microbial communities may explain varying patterns of enzyme activities observed in the ocean to date. In any case, many studies across systems focus on similar issues that highlight the commonalities of microbial community organization. Examples include the effective lifetime of enzymes released into the environment; the extent to which microbial communities coordinate enzyme expression to decompose complex organic substrates; and the influence of microbial community composition on enzyme activities and kinetics. Here we review the often-disparate research foci in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments. We consider the extent to which environmental factors may regulate extracellular enzyme activities within each ecosystem, and highlight commonalities and current methodological challenges to identify research questions that may aid in integrating cross-system perspectives in the future.
- Full text
View/download PDF
13. Efficient removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions by red seaweed, Kappaphycus alverezii [2014]
-
RATHOD, Manali, MODY, Kalpana, and BASHA, Shaik
- The sustainability agenda of the minerals and energy supply and demand network: an integrative analysis of ecological, ethical, economic, and technological dimensionsJournal of cleaner production. 84:484-493
- Subjects
-
Sustainable development, Développement durable, Environment, Environnement, Management economics, Gestion, économie, management, Pollution, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Pollution, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Ecologie animale, vegetale et microbienne, Animal, plant and microbial ecology, Ecologie appliquée, Applied ecology, Conservation, protection, gestion de l'environnement, de la flore et de la faune, Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife, Environnement et développement durable, Environment and sustainable development, Biotechnologie, Biotechnology, Algae, Biosorption, Biosorción, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Développement durable, Sustainable development, Desarrollo sostenible, Modèle, Models, Modelo, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Phosphate, Phosphates, Fosfato, Protection environnement, Environmental protection, Protección medio ambiente, Prévention pollution, Pollution prevention, Prevención polución, Rhodophyta, Solution aqueuse, Aqueous solution, Solución acuosa, Thermodynamique, Thermodynamics, Termodinámica, Diffusion models, and Kappaphycus alverezii
- Abstract
-
In the present study, dead biomass of marine macro algae, Kappaphycus alverezii (K. alverezii) was used for the removal of phosphate from water. The effect of different parameters such as contact time, adsorbate concentration, biosorbent dose and temperature was investigated. The biosorption kinetics data were best described by the pseudo-second order rate equation, and equilibrium was achieved after 80 min. The phosphate biosorption was governed by film diffusion process. The maximum phosphate biosorption on K. alverezii was 59.77 mg/g at 25 °C and it followed the Redlich-Peterson model. The biosorption on K. alverezii increased with increasing temperature and was the highest at pH 6.0. The calculated thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°) showed that the biosorption of phosphate onto K. alverezii biomass was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic at 15-45 °C. Results suggest that the prepared biomass of K. alverezii has potential in remediation of phosphate contaminated waters.
- Full text View on content provider's site
-
ABDOLALI, A, NGO, H. H, GUO, W. S, LEE, D. J, TUNG, K. L, and WANG, X. C
- Special Issue on BiosorptionBioresource technology. 160:98-106
- Subjects
-
Biomass, bioproducts, Biomasse, bioproduits, Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Wastes, Déchets, Energy, Énergie, Environment, Environnement, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Pollution, Déchets, Wastes, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Biotechnologie, Biotechnology, Agronomie. Sciences du sol et productions vegetales, Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions, Agronomie générale. Phytotechnie, General agronomy. Plant production, Utilisation de déchets et sous-produits agricoles et forestiers. Exploitation de la biomasse, bioconversion, Use of agricultural and forest wastes. Biomass use, bioconversion, Biosorption, Biosorción, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Déchet agricole, Agricultural waste, Desperdicio agrícola, Déchet industriel, Industrial waste, Desperdicio industrial, Industrie agricole, Agricultural industry, Industria agrícola, Isotherme, Isotherm, Isoterma, Métal lourd, Heavy metal, Metal pesado, Agro industrial waste, and Kinetic study
- Abstract
-
A novel multi-metal binding biosorbent (MMBB) was developed by combining a group of three from the selective natural lignocellulosic agro-industrial wastes for effectively eliminating lead, cadmium, copper and zinc from aqueous solutions. Four MMBBs with different combinations (MMBB1: tea waste, corncob, sugarcane bagasse; MMBB2: tea waste, corncob and sawdust; MMBB3: tea waste, corncob and apple peel; MMBB4: tea waste, corncob and grape stalk) were evaluated. FTIR analysis for characterizing the MMBB2 explored that the MMBB2 contains more functional groups available for multi-metals binding. Comparing among the MMBBs as well as the single group biosorbents, MMBB2 was the best biosorbent with the maximum biosorption capacities of 41.48, 39.48, 94.00 and 27.23 mg/g for Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II), respectively. After 5 times of desorption with CaCl2, CH3COOH and NaCl as eluent, the MMBB2 still remained excellent biosorptive capacity, so as it could be well regenerated for reuse and possible recovery of metals.
- Full text View on content provider's site
15. Decoloration kinetics of chlorophylls and carotenoids in virgin olive oil by autoxidation [2014]
-
APARICIO-RUIZ, Ramón and GANDUL-ROJAS, Beatriz
- Advances and new trends in natural pigments in foods: chemistry, biochemistry, technology and healthFood research international. 65:199-206
- Subjects
-
Food science technology, Sciences technologies alimentaires, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Industries agroalimentaires, Food industries, Huile alimentaire, Edible oil, Aceite alimentario, Huile végétale, Vegetable oil, Aceite vegetal, Pigment, Pigments, Pigmento, Autooxydation, Autoxidation, Autooxidación, Caroténoïde, Carotenoid, Carotenoide, Chlorophylle, Chlorophyll, Clorofila, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Décoloration, Discoloration, Decoloración, Huile olive, Olive oil, Aceite oliva, Huile vierge, Virgin oil, Aceite virgen, Arrhenius parameters, Kinetic, Thermodegradation, and Virgin olive oil
- Abstract
-
Kinetic models are capable of predicting shelf life in keeping with the different variables that can affect the degradation of the food item. In this work, virgin olive oils (VOOs) extracted from olive fruits at three ripening stages with high, medium and low pigment contents respectively, were thermodegraded to characterize the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for the oxidation of two pigment fractions: a green fraction (chlorophylls) and a yellow fraction (carotenoids). A first-order kinetic mechanism was appropriate for describing the decoloration processes under non-oxygen thermal auto-oxidation. A marked effect of temperature has been pointed out, with the carotenoids (CARs) being the most affected by heat. The kinetic constants for the CAR degradation were about 3.6 times higher than the respective constants for chlorophylls (CHLs) that showed a more stable structure to decoloration by heat. As well, higher activation energy of CHLs (16.03 ± 0.26 kcal, mol-1) as compared to CARs (15.45 ± 0.17 kcal· mol-1) implies that a smaller temperature change is needed to increase the kinetic constant of CHLs. Neither isokinetic ratio nor compensation existed between the three VOO matrixes and further, for each pigment fraction (CHLs or CARs) all kinetic constants were explained by a single Arrhenius line. Consequently, the differences between the oily matrixes did not significantly affect the decoloration mechanisms, and moreover, the kinetic parameters obtained as temperature functions according to the Arrhenius model, can be used to develop a prediction mathematical model for decoloration of CHL and CAR pigment fractions in VOO over time and depending on temperature.
-
CUIXIAN YANG, SUKWON JUNG, and HYUNMIN YI
- BiofabricationBiochemical engineering journal. 89:10-20
- Subjects
-
Biochemistry, molecular biology, biophysics, Biochimie, biologie moléculaire, biophysique, Biotechnology, Biotechnologies, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Biotechnologie, Biotechnology, Tobamovirus, Virus, Antibactérien, Antibacterial agent, Antibacteriano, Argent, Silver, Plata, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Croissance, Growth, Crecimiento, Nanoparticule, Nanoparticle, Nanopartícula, Polypeptide, Polipéptido, Virus mosaïque tabac, Tobacco mosaic virus, Biomimétique, Biomimetics, Growth kinetics, Heterogeneous reaction, Polypeptides, and Silver nanoparticles
- Abstract
-
We report simple, facile and size-controllable synthesis of uniform Ag nanoparticles with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as a biomediator in the absence of external reducing agents. UV-vis and TEM analysis show that Ag nanoparticles with average diameter of 2, 4 and 9 nm were obtained by simply tuning the ratio of TMV/Ag(NH3)2+. The Ag formation in the presence of TMV showed autocatalytic growth followed by coalescence. The as-prepared TMV-mediated Ag nanoparticles show substantially higher catalytic and antibacterial activities than previous results. For the 4-nitrophenol hydrogenation reaction, the rate constants per surface area for 2 and 9 nm Ag nanoparticles were determined to be 0.64 and 1.2 Lm-2 s-1 respectively. Both Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test and tube culture results demonstrate high antibacterial activity of TMV-mediated Ag particles against Escherichia coli, with minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of 2.3 and 2.5 ppm for 2 and 9 nm Ag nanoparticles respectively. We expect that our biomediated Ag synthesis approach can be readily extended to other biomaterials and metal nanoparticle systems.
- Full text View on content provider's site
-
VICKERS, Andrew J, THOMPSON, Ian M, KLEIN, Eric, CARROLL, Peter R, and SCARDINO, Peter T
- SPECIAL ISSUE ON BENIGN AND MALIGNANT DISEASE OF THE PROSTATEUrology (Ridgewood, NJ). 83(3):592-596
- Subjects
-
Urology, nephrology, Urologie, néphrologie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Nephrologie. Maladies des voies urinaires, Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases, Tumeurs de l'appareil urinaire, Tumors of the urinary system, Voies urinaires. Prostate, Urinary tract. Prostate gland, Gynecologie. Andrologie. Obstetrique, Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics, Pathologie de l'appareil génital mâle, Male genital diseases, Tumeurs, Tumors, Cancer, Cáncer, Pathologie de l'appareil génital mâle, Male genital diseases, Aparato genital macho patología, Pathologie de l'appareil urinaire, Urinary system disease, Aparato urinario patología, Pathologie de la prostate, Prostate disease, Prostata patología, Tumeur maligne, Malignant tumor, Tumor maligno, Antigène spécifique prostate, Prostate specific antigen, Antigeno específico prostata, Cancer de la prostate, Prostate cancer, Cáncer de la próstata, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Décision, Decision, Decisión, Marqueur tumoral, Tumoral marker, Marcador tumoral, Néphrologie, Nephrology, Nefrología, Prise de décision, Decision making, Toma decision, Temps doublement, Doubling time, Tiempo duplicación, Urologie, Urology, Urología, Vitesse, Velocity, and Velocidad
- Abstract
-
Although the value of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) velocity or doubling time has never been seriously questioned for aiding the clinical management of recurrent or advanced cancer, there has historically been considerable uncertainty about PSA kinetics for decisions about biopsy and initial treatment. Recent studies, including analyses of cohorts from all the major randomized trials of localized prostate cancer, have failed to find any evidence that PSA velocity and application of PSA cutpoints are of benefit in this setting. Given current data on PSA velocity and doubling time, we propose the following take home messages for the practicing urologist: (1) High PSA velocity is not an indication for biopsy; (2) for men with a low total PSA but a high PSA velocity, consideration should be given to having PSA taken at a shorter interval; (3) men with an indication for biopsy should be biopsied irrespective of PSA velocity; (4) changes in PSA after negative biopsy findings do not determine the need for repeat biopsy; (5) monitoring PSA over time can aid judgment in decisions about biopsy, as informed by the clinical context; (6) PSA velocity is uninformative of risk at diagnosis; (7) high PSA velocity is not an indication for treatment in men on active surveillance; (8) PSA velocity at the time of recurrence should be entered into prediction models (or nomograms) to aid patient counseling; (9) PSA changes after treatment for advanced disease can help indicate therapeutic response.
- Full text View on content provider's site
-
SALMERON, Ivan, THOMAS, Keith, and PANDIELLA, Severino S
- Lebensmittel - Wissenschaft + Technologie. 55(1):240-247
- Subjects
-
Food science technology, Sciences technologies alimentaires, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Industries agroalimentaires, Food industries, Bactérie lactique, Lactic acid bacteria, Bacteria láctica, Boisson fermentée, Fermented beverage, Bebida fermentada, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Composé volatil, Volatile compound, Compuesto volátil, Céréale, Cereal, Fermentation, Fermentación, Flaveur, Flavor, Formulation, Formulación, Inoculum, Inóculum, Probiotique, Probiotic, Probioticó, Profil, Profile, Perfil, Substrat, Substrate, Substrato, Cereals, Fermented beverages, and Volatiles
- Abstract
-
Most of the commercialized probiotic formulations are dairy-based, and the development of non-dairy probiotic products could be a key area for new functional products. It has been proved that probiotic microorganisms can grow on cereal-based substrates, but flavour development in these has not been studied. In this work nine prospective cereal-based probiotic beverages were produced by inoculating oats, barley and malt substrates with single cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus (NCIMB 8821), Lactobacillus plantarum (NCIMB 8826), and Lactobacillus reuteri (NCIMB 11951). Volatile, and non-volatile flavour compounds, as well as cell growth, pH, free amino nitrogen (FAN), and total reducing sugars (TRS) profiles were monitored during fermentation. The malt beverage inoculated with L. plantarum had the highest amounts of acetaldehyde and diacetyl with concentrations of 6.21 mg/L and 0.38 mg/L respectively. The greatest amount of lactic acid (4.2 g/L) was measured in the malt beverage inoculated with L. acidophilus. In most of the beverages the maximum cell growth was reached after 8 h of fermentation (6.4―8.2 Log10 CFU/mL). It is clear from this work that each microorganism develops different flavours in the three media tested, and the right combination of microorganisms and substrates could lead to palatable probiotic products.
-
HU, Wei-Wen and TSOU, Shiang-Lung
- Carbohydrate polymers. 101:240-248
- Subjects
-
Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Physicochimie des polymeres, Physicochemistry of polymers, Polymères d'origine naturelle, Natural polymers, Amidon et polyosides divers, Starch and polysaccharides, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Pharmacologie. Traitements medicamenteux, Pharmacology. Drug treatments, Pharmacologie générale, General pharmacology, Technologie pharmaceutique. Industrie pharmaceutique, Pharmaceutical technology. Pharmaceutical industry, Oside polymère, Oside polymer, Osido polímero, Propriété biologique, Biological properties, Propiedad biológica, Alginate, Alginates, Alginato, Autoassemblage, Self assembly, Autoensamble, Biocompatibilité, Biocompatibility, Biocompatibilidad, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Couche autoassemblée, Self-assembled layer, Capa autoensamblada, DNA, Ethylèneimine polymère, Polyethylene imine, Etilenoimina polímero, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibroblaste, Fibroblast, Fibroblasto, In vitro, Libération, Release, Liberación, Multicouche, Multiple layer, Capa múltiple, Polymère vecteur, Control release polymer, Polímero vector, Polyélectrolyte, Polyelectrolyte, Polielectrolito, Transfection, Transfección, Vecteur médicament, Drug carrier, Vector medicamento, Gene delivery, In situ transfection, Layer-by-layer assembly, and Polyelectrolyte multilayer
- Abstract
-
Alginate has been previously utilized as an adjuvant in nanoparticle-mediated gene delivery. In this study, we investigated the extent to which alginate promotes in situ transfection from polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs). After spiking free alginate molecules, DNA release from PEMs was increased and transgene expression was enhanced, suggesting that alginate may compete with DNA to weaken electrostatic interaction within PEMs. Consequently, alginate was applied to compose multilayers with DNA and polyethyleneimine (PEI). Interestingly, the incorporated alginate increased not only deposition but also delivery of DNA from PEMs. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) analysis suggested that the deposited alginate enhanced PEI adsorption which in turn augmented subsequent DNA deposition. In situ transfection experiments revealed that alginate within PEMs improved not only the level but also the duration of transgene expression. This system should be a potential strategy to regulate gene delivery from scaffolds for tissue engineering application.
-
LAYCOCK, Bronwyn, HALLEY, Peter, PRATT, Steven, WERKER, Alan, and LANT, Paul
- Progress in polymer science. 39(2):397-442
- Subjects
-
Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Physicochimie des polymeres, Physicochemistry of polymers, Polymères organiques, Organic polymers, Préparation, cinétique, thermodynamique, mécanisme et catalyseurs, Preparation, kinetics, thermodynamics, mechanism and catalysts, Polycondensation, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Biotechnologie, Biotechnology, Méthodes. Procédés. Technologies, Methods. Procedures. Technologies, Bioconversions. Hémisynthèses, Bioconversions. Hemisynthesis, Alcanoate(hydroxy) polymère, Alkanoate(hydroxy) polymer, Alcanoato(hidroxi) polímero, Article synthèse, Review, Artículo síntesis, Biosynthèse, Biosynthesis, Biosíntesis, Cinétique, Kinetics, Cinética, Cristallinité, Crystallinity, Cristalinidad, Cristallisation, Crystallization, Cristalización, Culture microorganisme, Microorganism culture, Cultivo microorganismo, Ester polymère, Ester polymer, Ester polímero, Mécanisme réaction, Reaction mechanism, Mecanismo reacción, Origine microbienne, Microbial origin, Origen microbiano, Polymère aliphatique, Aliphatic polymer, Polímero alifático, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Structure cristalline, Crystalline structure, Estructura cristalina, Distribution composition chimique, Isodimorphisme, Biopolymer, Microbial polyesters, Poly((R)-3-hydroxybutyrate), Poly((R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), and Polyhydroxyalkanoates
- Full text View on content provider's site
Catalog
Books, media, physical & digital resources
Guides
Course- and topic-based guides to collections, tools, and services.
1 - 20
Next