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1. (Cr1―xAlx)N: A comparison of direct current, middle frequency pulsed and high power pulsed magnetron sputtering for injection molding components [2013]

  • BAGCIVAN, N, BOBZIN, K, and THEISS, S
  • Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (ICMCTF 2012), San Diego, California (USA), April 23-27, 2012Thin solid films. 528:180-186
Subjects
Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Surfaces et interfaces; couches minces et trichites (structure et propriétés non électroniques), Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties), Structure et morphologie de couches minces, Thin film structure and morphology, Composition et identification des phases, Composition and phase identification, Propriétés physiques non électroniques de couches minces, Physical properties of thin films, nonelectronic, Propriétés mécaniques et acoustiques, Mechanical and acoustical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Méthodes de dépôt de films et de revêtements; croissance de films et épitaxie, Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy, Depôt par pulvérisation cathodique, Deposition by sputtering, Dépôt assisté par faisceaux électroniques et ioniques; placage ionique, Ion and electron beam-assisted deposition; ion plating, Adhérence, Adhesion, Aluminium, Chrome, Chromium, Composition phase, Phase composition, Composición fase, Corrosion, Dépôt physique phase vapeur, Physical vapor deposition, Dépôt pulvérisation, Sputter deposition, Morphologie, Morphology, Moulage, Molding, Nitrure d'aluminium, Aluminium nitride, Aluminio nitruro, Placage ionique, Ion plating, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Pulvérisation cathodique, Cathode sputtering, Revêtement, Coatings, Résistance usure, Wear resistance, Tribologie, Tribology, Usure corrosive, Corrosive wear, Desgaste corrosivo, Vitesse dépôt, Deposition rate, Velocidad deposición, 6855N, 6860B, 8115C, 8115J, CrAIN, DC, HIPIMS, HPPMS, MF, MSIP, and Plastics industry
Abstract
In plastics industry corrosion and wear have significant influence on tool life and product quality. Cr-Al-N based coatings have shown good properties regarding corrosion as well as wear resistance especially against adhesion of plastics melt. Another challenge is the complex geometry of injection molding tools. This paper deals with the development of Cr-Al-N based coatings by using three different technologies. On the one hand conventional direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering ion plating (MSIP) is used. On the other hand middle frequency pulsed (MF) MSIP and high power pulse magnetron sputtering (HPPMS) are used. The amount of aluminum in the (Cr, ―xAlx)N coatings was varied between 5 at.% and 77 at.%. Morphology, mechanical properties and phase composition were analyzed. It can be shown that the sputter rate of aluminum is increased by using HPPMS compared to DC and MF. This leads to an increase of the deposition rate from 1.32 μm/h to 1.67 μm/h while the deposition rates of the DC and MF coatings decrease from about 2.45 μm/h to 1.30 μm/h. Nevertheless, mechanical analyses show an advantage of HPPMS for aluminum contents below 30 at.% and an advantage of MF and DC for higher aluminum contents.

2. Wear and electrochemical behaviour of Mg-Al intermetallic coating [2014]

  • LI, Y.-G, WEI, Y.-H, HOU, L.-F, GUO, C.-L, and HAN, P.-J
  • MagnesiumSurface engineering. 30(12):933-938
Subjects
Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Métallurgie des poudres. Matériaux composites, Powder metallurgy. Composite materials, Métaux et alliages frittés. Cermets, Sintered metals and alloys. Pseudo alloys. Cermets, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Corrosion, Action des agents de corrosion, Corrosion environments, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Frottement. Usure, Contact of materials. Friction. Wear, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Composé intermétallique, Intermetallic compound, Compuesto intermetálico, Intermetallische Verbindung, Corrosion électrochimique, Electrochemical corrosion, Corrosión electroquímica, Elektrochemische Korrosion, Frittage, Sintering, Sinterización, Sintern, Microstructure, Microestructura, Mikrogefuege, Métallurgie poudre, Powder metallurgy, Metalurgia polvo, Pulvermetallurgie, Revêtement, Coatings, Revestimiento, Ueberzug, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Tribologie, Tribology, Tribología, Usure, Wear, Desgaste, Verschleiss, Corrosion, and Intermetallics
Abstract
An erbium modified Mg17Al12 based coating was fabricated by hot press sintering on as extruded AZ61 Mg alloy. The Er modified coating was composed of Mg17Al12 and Al3Er phases. As a result of the presence of the dispersed Al3Er phase, the coating had a greater microhardness than Mg17Al12. Thermal effects of sintering at 400°C for 1 h caused no obvious deterioration in the wear resistance of the AZ61 Mg matrix. Electrochemical and wear resistance tests showed that the Er modified Mg17Al12 based coating had a lower corrosion current density and a lower friction coefficient than Mg17Al12, the AZ61 Mg matrix and a thermal diffusion coating (TDC). The superior wear resistance of the sintered coating resulted from the hard Al3Er phase. The corrosion resistance of the sintered coating was better than that of the TDC as a result of suppression of hydrogen evolution by the rare earth metal Er.

3. Wear Analysis of Thermal Spray Coatings on 3D Surfaces [2014]

  • TILLMANN, W, LUO, W, and SELVADURAI, U
  • Selected and Expanded Papers from the 2013 International Thermal Spray ConferenceJournal of thermal spray technology. 23(1-2):245-251
Subjects
Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Frottement. Usure, Contact of materials. Friction. Wear, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Contrainte résiduelle, Residual stress, Tensión residual, Eigenspannung, Dépôt projection, Spray coating, Depósito proyección, Spritzbeschichten, Projection à chaud, Hot spraying, Proyección en caliente, Spritzen, Revêtement, Coatings, Revestimiento, Ueberzug, Résistance usure, Wear resistance, Resistencia al desgaste, Verschleissfestigkeit, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Tribologie, Tribology, Tribología, Usure, Wear, Desgaste, Verschleiss, iron alloys, residual stress, robot, and wear resistance
Abstract
Even though the application of thermal spray coatings on complex geometries gained a greater interest in the last decade, the effect of different geometrical features on the wear behavior is still ill-defined. In this study, the wear resistance of FTC-FeCSiMn coated 3D surfaces was investigated. The wear test was carried out by means of two innovative testing procedures. The first test is a Pin-on-Tubes test where the rotating motion is realized by a lathe chuck. The specimens in the second test were fixed on the table and a robot arm operated the pin. This wear test was applied on specimens with concave or convex surfaces. The residual stresses, which were determined by means of an incremental hole-drilling method, show a dependency on the substrate geometry. The obtained stresses were put in relation to the different radii. After the wear test, a 3D-profilometer determined the wear volume and the sections of the coatings were characterized by a scanning electron microscope. The results indicate that the wear resistance is strongly influenced by the geometry of the substrate.

4. Very high cycle fatigue measuring techniques [2014]

  • STANZL-TSCHEGG, Stefanie
  • New Advances in VHCFInternational journal of fatigue. 60:2-17
Subjects
Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Fatigue, Charge variable, Variable load, Carga variable, Ungleichmaessige Beanspruchung, Contrainte seuil, Threshold stress, Tension umbral, Fatigue, Fatiga, Ermuedung, Fissure courte, Short crack, Fisura corta, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Non-propagating small cracks, Threshold stress intensities, Ultrasonic fatigue, Variable amplitude loading, and Very high cycle fatigue (VHCF)
Abstract
Ever since high-strength steels were found to fail below the traditional fatigue limit when loaded with more than 108 cycles, the investigation of metals' and alloys' very high cycle fatigue properties has received increased attention. A lot of research was invested in developing methods and machinery to reduce testing times. This overview outlines the principles and testing procedures of very high cycle fatigue tests and reports findings in the areas of crack formation, non-propagating small cracks, long crack propagation and thresholds. Furthermore, superimposed and variable amplitude loading as well as frequency effects are reported.

5. Variable amplitude loading of Al 2024-T351 at different load ratios using ultrasonic equipment [2014]

  • MAYER, H, FITZKA, M, and SCHULLER, R
  • New Advances in VHCFInternational journal of fatigue. 60:34-42
Subjects
Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Fatigue, Alliage base aluminium, Aluminium base alloys, Charge variable, Variable load, Carga variable, Ungleichmaessige Beanspruchung, Fatigue, Fatiga, Ermuedung, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, 2024 Aluminium alloy, Damage accumulation, Ultrasonic fatigue, Variable amplitude loading, and Very high cycle fatigue
Abstract
Ultrasonic fatigue tests with variable amplitude are performed for the first time at positive load ratios. The method utilising ultrasonic equipment, a servo-hydraulic or electromechanical load frame and computer control is described. Aluminium alloy 2024-T351 is tested at approximately 20 kHz with variable amplitude in the high cycle fatigue (HCF) and very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime at load ratios R = -1, R = 0.1 and R = 0.5. Constant amplitude data are available and are used for Miner damage accumulation calculations. For load ratio R = -1, the mean damage sum decreases from 0.5 to 0.3 when lifetimes increase from the HCF regime to 109 cycles, and increases at higher numbers of cycles. For load ratio R = 0.1, the mean damage sum decreases from 1.1 to 0.2 when lifetimes increase from HCF to VHCF. At load ratio R = 0.5, the mean damage sum is approximately 0.1 in the VHCF regime. Cracks leading to VHCF failures start at broken constituent particles, probably Al7Cu2(Fe,Mn), or at agglomerations of fractured particles. Crack initiation occurs at the surface or less frequently in the interior.

6. VHCF behaviour of case-hardened specimens made of two grades of steel SAE 5120 differing in microstructure [2014]

  • BOMAS, Hubert, BURKART, Klaus, and ZOCH, Hans-Werner
  • New Advances in VHCFInternational journal of fatigue. 60:63-73
Subjects
Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Fatigue, Acier cémenté, Case hardened steel, Acero cementado, Amorçage fissure, Crack initiation, Iniciación grieta, Risseinleitung, Fatigue, Fatiga, Ermuedung, Microstructure, Microestructura, Mikrogefuege, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Case-hardened steel, Competing sites of crack initiation, Kitagawa diagram, and Very high cycle fatigue (VHCF)
Abstract
In this investigation notched and fracture mechanics specimens were machined from the steel SAE 5120 (DIN EN 20MnCr5) in two cleanliness conditions. The first material is used for high-performance components and is nearly free of oxides. The second material is standard steel and used for common requests in the field of drive engineering containing non-metallic inclusions in a dimension that is state of the art in steel making. The notched specimens were case-hardened in two different ways. Afterwards, the surfaces were ground and therefore showed compressive residual stresses. Uniaxial VHCF tests were performed up to 200 million cycles under the stress ratios R = ―1 and R = 0 using two resonant pulse systems. For this purpose the geometries of the specimens had been optimised so that the achieved test frequency was 190 Hz. Fatigue failure is possible at all applied numbers of cycles meaning that there is no real fatigue limit in this region. Fatigue crack initiation took place from different origins and at different sites. Different analyses are shown for interpretating the type of fatigue crack initiation and its site in the specimen. The fracture mechanics specimens were blank hardened in order to have the core properties of the notched specimens. Crack propagation was measured in the near-threshold region. An extended Kitagawa diagram is shown to demonstrate the influence of stress amplitude and flaw size on the failure probability.

7. Tribological Characterization of Plasma-Sprayed CoNiCrAlY-BN Abradable Coatings [2014]

  • IRISSOU, E, DADOUCHE, A, and LIMA, R. S
  • Selected and Expanded Papers from the 2013 International Thermal Spray ConferenceJournal of thermal spray technology. 23(1-2):252-261
Subjects
Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Dépôt de métaux et d'alliages, Metallic coatings, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Frottement. Usure, Contact of materials. Friction. Wear, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Adhérence, Adhesion, Adherencia, Adhaesion, Application, Aplicación, Anwendung, Dépôt projection, Spray coating, Depósito proyección, Spritzbeschichten, Erosion, Erosión, Force adhérence, Adhesive strength, Fuerza adherencia, Haftfestigkeit, Plasma, Projection plasma, Plasma spraying, Proyección plasma, Plasmaspritzen, Projection à chaud, Hot spraying, Proyección en caliente, Spritzen, Revêtement métallique, Metal coating, Revestimiento metálico, Metallischer Ueberzug, Résistance mécanique, Strength, Resistencia mecánica, Festigkeit, Résistance usure, Wear resistance, Resistencia al desgaste, Verschleissfestigkeit, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, Tribologie, Tribology, Tribología, Turbine gaz, Gas turbine, Turbina gas, Gasturbine, Usure, Wear, Desgaste, Verschleiss, MCrAlY, abradable coating, adhesive strength, atmospheric plasma spray (APS), erosion resistance, gas turbines, and rubbing wear
Abstract
The processing conditions, microstructural and tribological characterizations of plasma-sprayed CoNiCrAlY-BN high temperature abradable coatings are reported in this manuscript. Plasma spray torch parameters were varied to produce a set of abradable coatings exhibiting a broad range of porosity levels (34-62%) and superficial Rockwell hardness values (0-78 HR15Y). Abradability tests have been performed using an abradable-seal test rig, capable of simulating operational wear at different rotor speeds and seal incursion rates (SIRs). These tests allowed determining the rubbing forces and quantifying the blade and seal wear characteristics for slow and fast SIRs. Erosion wear performance and ASTM C633 coating adhesion strength test results are also reported. For optimal abradability performance, it is shown that coating hardness needs to be lower than 70 and 50 HR15Y for slow and fast blade incursion rate conditions, respectively. It is shown that the erosion wear performance, as well as, the coating cohesive strength is a function of the coating hardness. The current results allow defining the coating specifications in terms of hardness and porosity for targeted applications.

8. Transverse strength of unidirectional non-crimp fabric composites: Multiscale modelling [2014]

  • MARKLUND, E, ASP, L. E, and OLSSON, R
  • Damage MechanicsComposites. Part B, Engineering. 65:47-56
Subjects
Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Mechanics acoustics, Mécanique et acoustique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Stratifiés, Laminates, Analyse contrainte, Stress analysis, Análisis tensión, Etude théorique, Theoretical study, Estudio teórico, Matériau aiguilleté, Needled material, Material cosado, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau fibre unidirectionnelle, Unidirectional fiber material, Material fibra unidireccional, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Méthode élément fini, Finite element method, Método elemento finito, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété travers court, Through thickness property, Propiedad corta travesía, Résistance compression, Compressive strength, Resistencia compresión, Résistance traction, Tensile strength, Resistencia tracción, Simulation numérique, Numerical simulation, Simulación numérica, Stratifié, Laminate, Estratificado, Tissu textile, Woven material, Tela textil, A. Fabrics/textiles, A. Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs), C. Analysis, and D. Mechanical testing
Abstract
A multiscale approach is used to predict transverse tensile and transverse compressive strength of unidirectional non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites. Numerical analysis on fibre/matrix scale is performed to obtain the transverse strength of the fibre bundle to be further used in an analytical mesoscale model to predict the strength of the unidirectional NCF composite. Design of unidirectional layer composites with the same fibres, interface, matrix and volume fractions as in the bundle is suggested as an alternative method for bundle strength determination. Good agreement of both methods for bundle transverse strength determination is demonstrated. The simple analytical model used on mesoscale gives accurate predictions of the tensile transverse strength whereas the compressive strength is underestimated. The necessity of including bundle waviness in models when bidirectional NCF composites are analysed is demonstrated by FEM stress analysis and by experimental data showing differences in transverse cracking pattern due to bundle waviness.

9. Thin-film metallic glasses for substrate fatigue-property improvements [2014]

  • HAOLING JIA, FENGXIAO LIU, ZHINAN AN, WEIDONG LI, GONGYAO WANG, CHU, Jinn P, JANG, Jason S. C, YANFEI GAO, and LIAW, Peter K
  • Properties and Applications of Thin Film Metallic GlassesThin solid films. 561:2-27
Subjects
Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Surfaces et interfaces; couches minces et trichites (structure et propriétés non électroniques), Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties), Structure et morphologie de couches minces, Thin film structure and morphology, Structure et morphologie; épaisseur, Structure and morphology; thickness, Propriétés physiques non électroniques de couches minces, Physical properties of thin films, nonelectronic, Propriétés mécaniques et acoustiques, Mechanical and acoustical properties, Acier inoxydable 316L, Stainless steel-316L, Adhérence, Adhesion, Alliage base nickel, Nickel base alloys, Article synthèse, Reviews, Couche mince amorphe, Amorphous thin film, Capa fina amorfa, Couche mince métallique, Metallic thin films, Couche mince, Thin films, Durée vie, Lifetime, Déformation, Deformation, Epaisseur couche, Layer thickness, Espesor capa, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Etude théorique, Theoretical study, Flexion, Bending, Instabilité, Instability, Matériau revêtu, Coated material, Material revestido, Méthode élément fini, Finite element method, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Revêtement, Coatings, Résistance corrosion, Corrosion resistance, Simulation numérique, Digital simulation, Tribologie, Tribology, Verre métallique, Metallic glasses, 4335N, 6855J, 6860B, Substrat verre, Coating, Fatigue lifetime, Fatigue-crack initiation, Finite-element model, and Thin-film metallic glass (TFMG)
Abstract
Amorphous metallic films, a thin form of metallic glasses, have been attracting more and more attentions in the last two decades, due to their unique properties, compared with the conventional crystalline films, such as high strength, high toughness, large elastic limits, and high-corrosion resistance. However, the deformation mechanisms of thin-film metallic glasses (TFMGs) are still far from in-depth understanding, although some of their properties and characteristics are not as good as metallic or ceramic films. This paper will focus on reviewing and discussing the fatigue behavior of structural-material substrates coated with TFMGs. The substrates include 316L stainless steel, Al-based, Ni-based, Zr-based, and Ti-based alloys. The results show that the four-point-bending fatigue life of the substrates is greatly improved by Zr- and Cu-based TFMGs, while Fe-based TFMG, TiN, and pure-Cu films are not so beneficial in extending the fatigue life of 316L stainless steel. In comparison, the tension-tension fatigue lifetime and endurance limit of 316L stainless steel cannot be improved by the Zr- and Cu-based TFMGs. However, the TFMGs annealed at a temperature within the supercooled liquid region (ΔT) can further improve the fatigue behavior, compared to as-deposited TFMGs. The fatigue mechanisms of crystalline and bulk metallic glass (BMG) materials, together with TFMGs, are reviewed in the present work. Crystals and BMGs present 3-stage and 4-stage fatigue-deformation mechanisms, respectively. The fatigue life of medium-strength structural materials tends to be significantly improved by TFMGs. A synergistic experimental/theoretical study has shown the micro-mechanisms of the fatigue behavior of TFMGs adhered to substrates, as well as film-adhesion and thickness effects on fatigue behavior of the substrate. Furthermore, shear-band initiation and propagation under bending deformation are investigated using the Rudnicki-Rice instability theory and the free-volume models employing finite-element simulations.

10. Thermo mechanical fatigue behaviour of a duplex stainless steel in the range of 350-600 °C [2014]

  • KOLMORGEN, R and BIERMANN, H
  • Fatigue of Metallic Materials - Mechanisms and Life EstimationInternational journal of fatigue. 65:2-8
Subjects
Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Fatigue, Acier austénito ferritique, Austenitic ferritic steel, Acero ferrítico austenítico, Austenitisch ferritischer Stahl, Acier double phase, Dual phase steel, Acero doble fase, Dualphasenstahl, Acier inoxydable duplex, Duplex stainless steel, Acero inoxidable duplex, Acier inoxydable, Stainless steel, Acero inoxidable, Nichtrostender Stahl, Contrainte thermomécanique, Thermomechanical stress, Tensión termomecánica, Décomposition spinodale, Spinodal decomposition, Decomposición espinodal, Spinodale Entmischung, Fatigue, Fatiga, Ermuedung, Point Curie, Curie temperature, Punto Curie, Curie Temperatur, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Température, Temperature, Temperatura, Temperatur, and Thermo mechanical fatigue
Abstract
The thermo mechanical fatigue behaviour of a ferritic-austenitic duplex stainless steel has been investigated in a temperature range of 350-600 °C. The Curie temperature (TCURIE) was determined by an abrupt increase of the power of the inductive heating device and a small control deviation of the temperature. Thus, according to Tavares et al. [1] the evolution of the spinodal decomposition in the DSS was characterised by the shift of the Curie temperature for each test. The results are compared with ageing and annealing experiments in combination with tensile tests at room temperature. In addition, microstructure observations were performed in a field-emission scanning electron microscope.

11. Synthesis and characterization of amorphous Ni―Zr thin films [2014]

  • TURNOW, Henning, WENDROCK, Horst, MENZEL, Siegfried, GEMMING, Thomas, and ECKERT, Jürgen
  • Properties and Applications of Thin Film Metallic GlassesThin solid films. 561:48-52
Subjects
Crystallography, Cristallographie cristallogenèse, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Condensed state physics, Physique de l'état condensé, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Physique, Physics, Etat condense: structure, proprietes mecaniques et thermiques, Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties, Surfaces et interfaces; couches minces et trichites (structure et propriétés non électroniques), Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and whiskers (structure and nonelectronic properties), Structure et morphologie de couches minces, Thin film structure and morphology, Structure et morphologie; épaisseur, Structure and morphology; thickness, Propriétés physiques non électroniques de couches minces, Physical properties of thin films, nonelectronic, Propriétés mécaniques et acoustiques, Mechanical and acoustical properties, Domaines interdisciplinaires: science des materiaux; rheologie, Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology, Science des matériaux, Materials science, Méthodes de dépôt de films et de revêtements; croissance de films et épitaxie, Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy, Depôt par pulvérisation cathodique, Deposition by sputtering, Alliage base nickel, Nickel base alloys, Couche mince amorphe, Amorphous thin film, Capa fina amorfa, Couche mince, Thin films, Couche épaisse, Thick films, Diffraction RX, XRD, Donnée expérimentale, Experimental data, Dureté, Hardness, Dépôt physique phase vapeur, Physical vapor deposition, Dépôt pulvérisation, Sputter deposition, Effet contrainte, Stress effects, Microstructure, Module Young, Young modulus, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Pulvérisation cathodique, Cathode sputtering, Pulvérisation irradiation, Sputtering, Rugosité, Roughness, Résistance corrosion, Corrosion resistance, Résistance usure, Wear resistance, Résistivité électrique, Electric resistivity, Usure corrosive, Corrosive wear, Desgaste corrosivo, 4335N, 6855J, 6860B, 8115C, Substrat silicium, Amorphous, Intrinsic stress, Ni―Zr, and Thin film
Abstract
Amorphous metallic alloys can possess a variety of superior properties, such as wear and corrosion resistance or high hardness and strength, when fabricated as thin films. This paper presents a systematic study of metallic Ni―Zr based amorphous thin films as a model system deposited by magnetron co-sputtering on silicon substrates. The whole range of possible compositions was investigated; thickness and deposition conditions were maintained constant. X-ray diffraction revealed a predominantly amorphous structure from 16 to 93 at.% Ni. A comprehensive set of experimental data about the microstructure, intrinsic stresses, electrical resistivity, surface roughness and Young's modulus were acquired. Due to the featureless microstructure the roughness can be tuned to extremely low values, even at relatively thick films.

12. Structural durability design recommendations for forged automotive aluminium chassis components submitted to spectrum and environmental loadings by the example of a tension strut [2014]

  • HÄGELE, N and SONSINO, C. M
  • Theory and experiments in fatigue lifetime assessmentInternational journal of fatigue. 69:63-70
Subjects
Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Corrosion, Action des agents de corrosion, Corrosion environments, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Fatigue, Techniques de l'ingénieur appliqués à la métallurgie. Applications. Divers, Engineering techniques in metallurgy. Applications. Other aspects, Applications, Industrie automobile, Automotive engineering, Application, Aplicación, Anwendung, Châssis véhicule, Vehicle chassis, Chasis vehículo, Fahrgestell, Conception, Design, Diseño, Gestaltung, Corrosion sel, Salt corrosion, Corrosión sal, Salzkorrosion, Durée vie, Lifetime, Tiempo vida, Lebensdauer, Fatigue, Fatiga, Ermuedung, Industrie automobile, Automobile industry, Industria automóvil, Autoindustrie, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Forged aluminium, Special events, Spectrum loading, and Tension strut
Abstract
The structural durability design of a tension strut of forged aluminium (EN AW 6082 T6), which is a safety component of the automotive chassis, is described. The first step of the structural durability design is the knowledge of the mechanical and environmental loadings. The mechanical loadings are the spectrum loading for the designated normal driving conditions and unintended special event loadings by e.g. braking over road bumps, which are introduced into the component through the wheels. The local stresses imposed on the component are also influenced by kinematics, stiffness, axle mass, dampers, bearings, bump geometry, etc. The environmental loading is the corrosion caused, in winter-time, by salty water on the roads. For design according to the local stress concept, the knowledge of Woehler-curves without and with salt corrosion effects is necessary. On this basis, cumulative fatigue under spectrum loading, which also comprises the special events mentioned, is assessed for a standard configuration and for an optimised one. The numerical results are verified by experimental proofs on the component in the laboratory and on the proving ground as well as by field tests with vehicles.

13. Statistical analysis of oblique crack evolution in composite laminates [2014]

  • YONGXIN HUANG and TALREJA, Ramesh
  • Damage MechanicsComposites. Part B, Engineering. 65:34-39
Subjects
Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Mechanics acoustics, Mécanique et acoustique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Stratifiés, Laminates, Epoxyde résine, Epoxy resin, Epóxido resina, Etude théorique, Theoretical study, Estudio teórico, Fibre minérale, Mineral fiber, Fibra inorgánica, Fibre verre, Glass fiber, Fibra vidrio, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Mode rupture, Fracture mode, Modo ruptura, Modèle 3 dimensions, Three dimensional model, Modelo 3 dimensiones, Modèle statistique, Statistical model, Modelo estadístico, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Mécanique rupture, Fracture mechanics, Mecánica ruptura, Méthode élément fini, Finite element method, Método elemento finito, Propagation fissure, Crack propagation, Propagación fisura, Propagation oblique, Oblique propagation, Propagación oblicua, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété traction, Tensile property, Propiedad tracción, Simulation numérique, Numerical simulation, Simulación numérica, Stratifié, Laminate, Estratificado, Vérification expérimentale, Experimental test, Verificación experimental, Matériau fibre multidirectionnelle, Stratifié croisé, A. Polymer-matrix composites, B. Defects, C. Damage mechanics, and C. Statistical properties/methods
Abstract
A previously developed statistical model for transverse cracking in cross ply laminates is extended to oblique cracking in multidirectional laminates. The oblique cracks are assumed to form in a ply when the local in-plane tensile stress normal to fibers exceeds the transverse strength of the ply. This strength is assumed to have a statistical distribution given by a two-parameter Weibull function. The model is applied to a glass-epoxy [0/602/0/-602]5 laminate in which cracking evolution of the four -60° plies in the middle of the laminate is examined. The local stress field in the cracked -60° plies is calculated by a three-dimensional finite element method based on a unit cell construction developed by Li et al. [1]. The measured crack density is found to agree well with that calculated by the statistical model.

14. Splat Formation and Adhesion Mechanisms of Cold Gas-Sprayed Al Coatings on Al2O3 Substrates [2014]

  • DREHMANN, R, GRUND, T, LAMPKE, T, WIELAGE, B, MANYGOATS, K, SCHUCKNECHT, T, and RAFAJA, D
  • Selected and Expanded Papers from the 2013 International Thermal Spray ConferenceJournal of thermal spray technology. 23(1-2):68-75
Subjects
Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Adhérence, Adhesion, Adherencia, Adhaesion, Alumine, Alumina, Alúmina, Tonerde, Dépôt projection, Spray coating, Depósito proyección, Spritzbeschichten, Haute résolution, High resolution, Alta resolucion, Microscopie électronique transmission, Transmission electron microscopy, Microscopía electrónica transmisión, Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie, Mécanisme formation, Formation mechanism, Mecanismo formacion, Projection à chaud, Hot spraying, Proyección en caliente, Spritzen, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Propriété traction, Tensile property, Propiedad tracción, Zugeigenschaft, Revêtement, Coatings, Revestimiento, Ueberzug, Résistance mécanique, Strength, Resistencia mecánica, Festigkeit, Résistance traction, Tensile strength, Resistencia tracción, Zugfestigkeit, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, HRTEM, adhesion, alumina, aluminum, cold gas spraying (CGS), and tensile strength
Abstract
The metallization of ceramics by means of cold gas spraying (CGS) has been in the focus of numerous publications in the recent past. However, the bonding mechanism of metallic coatings on non-ductile substrates is still not fully understood. Former investigations of titanium coatings deposited on corundum revealed that a combination of recrystallization induced by adiabatic shear processes and hetero-epitaxial growth might be responsible for the high adhesion strengths of coatings applied on smooth ceramic surfaces. In the present work, the interface formation between CGS aluminum and alumina substrates is examined for different particle sizes and substrate temperatures. Furthermore, the influence of subsequent heat treatment on tensile strength and hardness is investigated. The splat formation of single particles is examined by means of scanning electron microscopy, while a high resolution transmission electron microscope is used to study the Al/Al2O3 interface. First results suggest that mechanical interlocking is the primary adhesion mechanism on polycrystalline substrates having the roughness in sub-micrometer range, while the heteroepitaxy between Al and Al2O3 can be considered as the main bonding mechanism for single-crystalline sapphire (α-Al2O3) substrates with the surface roughness in nanometer range. The heteroepitaxial growth is facilitated by deformation-induced recrystallisation of CGS aluminum.

15. Special criterion for crack path prediction at micro-structural scale based on dominate slip system and grain boundary [2014]

  • FARHANGDOOST, Khalil and RAHNAMA, Saeed
  • Theory and experiments in fatigue lifetime assessmentInternational journal of fatigue. 69:49-62
Subjects
Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Fatigue, Anisotropie, Anisotropy, Anisotropía, Fatigue, Fatiga, Ermuedung, Glissement, Slip, Deslizamiento, Gleiten, Joint grain, Grain boundary, Limite grano, Korngrenze, Microstructure, Microestructura, Mikrogefuege, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Méthode élément fini, Finite element method, Método elemento finito, Finite Element Methode, Propagation fissure, Crack propagation, Propagación fisura, Rissausbreitung, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Prédiction, Prediction, Predicción, Système glissement, Slip system, Sistema deslizamiento, Gleitsystem, Crack path, and Extended finite element
Abstract
This study develops a new method for the analysis of fatigue crack growth at micro-structural scale. Proposed model was constructed based on material anisotropic properties and crystallographic planes. In this research, it has been attempted to suggest an accurate and precise criterion for the prediction of crack growth path at micro-structural scales by the study of various criteria for crack growth. For this purpose, considering fracture energy for trans-granular and inter-granular fracture as well as dominant slip planes, a criterion was proposed to predict crack growth. In the current research, fatigue tests were performed on two different alloys and the real path of the crack growth was obtained. Next, by the simulation of tested pieces through finite element software (ABAQUS) and using extended finite element method, various criteria to predict crack growth path were studied. The microstructures of both specimens tested in considered areas were modelled with an anisotropic behaviour and their crystal orientations were gained using electron-back-scattering-diffraction-pattern (EBSP) method. The results suggest the accuracy and precision of proposed criterion with minor error in single-phase alloys and major difference in two-phase alloys.

16. Short fatigue crack propagation during low-cycle, high cycle and very-high-cycle fatigue of duplex steel - An unified approach [2014]

  • KRUPP, Ulrich and ALVAREZ-ARMAS, Iris
  • Fatigue of Metallic Materials - Mechanisms and Life EstimationInternational journal of fatigue. 65:78-85
Subjects
Mechanical engineering, Génie mécanique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Fatigue, Acier austénito ferritique, Austenitic ferritic steel, Acero ferrítico austenítico, Austenitisch ferritischer Stahl, Acier double phase, Dual phase steel, Acero doble fase, Dualphasenstahl, Acier inoxydable, Stainless steel, Acero inoxidable, Nichtrostender Stahl, Fatigue oligocyclique, Low cycle fatigue, Fatiga oligocíclica, Ermuedung bei niedrigen Lastspielzahlen, Fissure courte, Short crack, Fisura corta, Fissure fatigue, Fatigue crack, Fisura fatiga, Ermuedungsriss, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Propagation fissure, Crack propagation, Propagación fisura, Rissausbreitung, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Duplex steel, LCF, Short fatigue cracks, and VHCF
Abstract
The present paper reviews experimental results on the fatigue damage of austenitic-ferritic duplex steel under various load levels ranging from LCF to VHCF, placing the focus towards the relationship between the crystallographic orientation of individual grains and grain patches that exhibit slip band formation, fatigue crack initiation and growth. A combination between fatigue testing of electropolished specimens and analytical electron microscopy (SEM/EBSD, TEM) revealed that under LCF loading conditions almost all the ferrite and the austenite grains showed plasticity, while under HCF and VHCF loading conditions, slip band formation was limited to the softer austenite grains and a low plastic activity is observed in the ferrite. Once being formed, the bands generate high stress concentrations, where they impinge the α-γ phase boundaries, eventually, leading to the crack initiation. This is discussed by applying a numerical simulation approach based on the finite-element (FEM) and the boundary-element (BEM) method.

17. Role of constraint on the shift of ductile―brittle transition temperature of subsize Charpy specimens [2014]

  • CAPELLE, J, BEN AMARA, M, PLUVINAGE, G, and AZARI, Z
  • Special Issue NT2F13, 13th International Conference 'New Trends in Fatigue and Fracture'Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures (Print). 37(12):1367-1376
Subjects
Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Rupture, Fractures, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Température transition, Transition temperature, Temperatura transición, Uebergangstemperatur, Transition ductile fragile, Ductile brittle transition, Transición ductil frágil, Uebergang duktil sproed, T-stress, constraint, material failure master curve, subsize Charpy specimen, and transition temperature
Abstract
The ductile―brittle transition temperature is not intrinsic to steel but depends on the specimen type and loading mode used for the test. The influence of these parameters is related to the plastic constraint. Here, the constraint is evaluated by the effective T-stress obtained by the stress difference method on the notch tip stress distribution. From Charpy energy values at different temperatures, it is possible to obtain a material failure master curve where the notch fracture toughness is plotted versus the shift of test temperature with the transition temperature corresponding to the effective T-stress value. Values of the critical effective T-stress are obtained for three subsize Charpy specimens (3/4, 1/2 and 1/3) and are reported on a material transition temperature master curve versus effective T-stress. This allows obtaining the shift of transition temperature when comparing with those of a standard Charpy V specimen. The results do not confirm the prediction given by the empirical relation of the ASME.

18. Reprint of: Damage evolution under cyclic multiaxial stress state: A comparative analysis between glass/epoxy laminates and tubes [2014]

  • QUARESIMIN, M, CARRARO, P. A, MIKKELSEN, L. P, LUCATO, N, VIVIAN, L, BRØNDSTED, P, SØRENSEN, B. F, VARNA, J, and TALREJA, R
  • Damage MechanicsComposites. Part B, Engineering. 65:2-10
Subjects
Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Mechanics acoustics, Mécanique et acoustique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Stratifiés, Laminates, Charge multiaxiale, Multiaxial load, Carga multiaxial, Diagramme SN, SN diagram, Diagrama SN, Endommagement, Damaging, Deterioración, Epoxyde résine, Epoxy resin, Epóxido resina, Essai fatigue, Fatigue test, Ensayo fatiga, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre minérale, Mineral fiber, Fibra inorgánica, Fibre verre, Glass fiber, Fibra vidrio, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Mode empilement, Stacking sequence, Modo apilamiento, Modèle mécanique, Mechanical model, Modelo mecánico, Modélisation, Modeling, Modelización, Mécanique rupture, Fracture mechanics, Mecánica ruptura, Propagation fissure, Crack propagation, Propagación fisura, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Résistance fatigue, Fatigue strength, Resistencia fatiga, Stratifié, Laminate, Estratificado, Tube, Tubo, Effet épaisseur, A. Laminates, B. Fatigue, C. Damage mechanics, and Multiaxial fatigue
Abstract
In this work an experimental investigation on damage initiation and evolution in laminates under cyclic loading is presented. The stacking sequence [0/02/0/-02]s has been adopted in order to investigate the influence of the local multiaxial stress state in the off-axis plies and the possible effect of different thickness between the thin (2-plies) and the thick (4-plies) layers. Results are presented in terms of S-N curves for the initiation of the first cracks, crack density evolution, stiffness degradation and Paris-like curves for the crack propagation phase. The values of the off-axis angle 0 has been chosen in order to obtain local multiaxial stress states in the off-axis plies similar to those in previous studies for biaxially loaded tubes. Results concerning damage initiation and growth for these two specimen configurations are shown to be consistent for similar local multiaxial stress states.

19. Reprint of: Acoustic emission analysis for characterisation of damage mechanisms in fibre reinforced thermosetting polyurethane and epoxy [2014]

  • KEMPF, M, SKRABALA, O, and ALTSTÄDT, V
  • Damage MechanicsComposites. Part B, Engineering. 65:117-123
Subjects
Chemical industry parachemical industry, Industrie chimique et parachimique, Mechanics acoustics, Mécanique et acoustique, Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Industrie des polymeres, peintures, bois, Polymer industry, paints, wood, Technologie des polymères, Technology of polymers, Formes d'application et semiproduits, Forms of application and semi-finished materials, Stratifiés, Laminates, Emission acoustique, Acoustic emission, Emisión acústica, Epoxyde résine, Epoxy resin, Epóxido resina, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Fibre carbone, Carbon fiber, Fibra carbón, Fibre minérale, Mineral fiber, Fibra inorgánica, Fibre verre, Glass fiber, Fibra vidrio, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Matériau fibre unidirectionnelle, Unidirectional fiber material, Material fibra unidireccional, Matériau renforcé fibre, Fiber reinforced material, Material reforzado fibra, Mode rupture, Fracture mode, Modo ruptura, Méthode mesure, Measurement method, Método medida, Méthode non destructive, Non destructive method, Método no destructivo, Orientation fibre, Fiber orientation, Orientación fibra, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Rupture fibre, Fibre fracture, Ruptura fibra, Résistance traction, Tensile strength, Resistencia tracción, Ténacité, Fracture toughness, Tenacidad, Uréthanne polymère, Polyurethane, Uretano polímero, A. Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs), B. Fatigue, D. Acoustic emission, D. Mechanical testing, and Thermosetting polyurethane
Abstract
Acoustic emission analysis is used to investigate microscopic damage mechanisms and damage progress in unidirectional glass and carbon fibre reinforced composites. Under static loading the influence of fibre orientation on damage initiation and propagation is determined. A novel polyurethane matrix system significantly enhances material performance in terms of crack initiation load levels, crack growth, damage tolerance and off-axis tensile strength. Hysteresis measurements during stepwise increasing dynamic load tests highlight the effect of fibre-matrix-adhesion and resin fracture toughness in unidirectional 0° fibre reinforced composites. Acoustic detection of beginning fibre breakage correlates with a significant increase of loss work per cycle.

20. Processing Conditions Affecting Grain Size and Mechanical Properties in Nanocomposites Produced via Cold Spray [2014]

  • CAVALIERE, P, PERRONE, A, and SILVELLO, A
  • Development and Applications of Nanocomposite CoatingsJournal of thermal spray technology. 23(7):1089-1096
Subjects
Metallurgy, welding, Métallurgie, soudage, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Metaux. Metallurgie, Metals. Metallurgy, Transformation de matériaux métalliques, Production techniques, Traitements de surface, Surface treatment, Propriétés mécaniques. Rhéologie. Mécanique de la rupture. Tribologie, Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology, Matériau composite, Composite material, Material compuesto, Verbundwerkstoff, Condition opératoire, Operating conditions, Condición operatoria, Dépôt projection, Spray coating, Depósito proyección, Spritzbeschichten, Grosseur grain, Grain size, Grosor grano, Korngroesse, Microstructure, Microestructura, Mikrogefuege, Nanocomposite, Nanocompuesto, Propriété mécanique, Mechanical properties, Propiedad mecánica, Traitement surface, Surface treatment, Tratamiento superficie, Oberflaechenbehandlung, cold spray, mechanical properties, microstructural behavior, nanocomposites, and processing parameters
Abstract
Cold spray is a coating technology based on aerodynamics and high-speed impact dynamics. In this process, spray particles (usually 1-50 μm in diameter) are accelerated to a high velocity (typically 300-1200 m/s) by a high-speed gas (pre-heated air, nitrogen, or helium) flow that is generated through a convergent-divergent de Laval-type nozzle. A coating is formed through the intensive plastic deformation of particles impacting on a substrate at a temperature below the melting point of the spray material. In the present paper the main processing parameters affecting the microstructural and mechanical behavior of metal-metal cold spray deposits are described. The effect of process parameters on grain refinement and mechanical properties were analyzed for composite particles of Al-Al2O3, Ni-BN, Cu-Al2O3, and Co-SiC. The properties of the formed nanocomposites were compared with those of the parent materials sprayed under the same conditions. The process conditions, leading to a strong grain refinement with an acceptable level of the deposit mechanical properties such as porosity and adhesion strength, are discussed.

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