Animal husbandry, THICKNESS, REPUBLIQUE TCHEQUE, COMPOSICION DE LA CANAL, SYSTEMES DE CLASSIFICATION, TEJIDO ADIPOSO, LEAN BODY MASS, PESADA, POIDS A L'ABATTAGE, PESO DE LA CANAL, ESPESOR, BACK, MATHEMATICS, EVALUACION, CZECH REPUBLIC, CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS, MASSE MAIGRE DE L'ORGANISME, CERDO, CLASSEMENT, MASA CORPORAL DELGADA, PESEE, CARCASS COMPOSITION, DOS, TEMPERATURA, EPAISSEUR, TEMPERATURE, METHODE STATISTIQUE, MEASUREMENT, DORSO, SLAUGHTER WEIGHT, METODOS ESTADISTICOS, CLASIFICACION DE PRODUCTOS, STATISTICAL METHODS, CARCASSES, MATHEMATIQUE, ADIPOSE TISSUE, CLASSIFICATION, GRADING, MATEMATICAS, CARCASSE, COMPOSITION DE LA CARCASSE, PORCIN, MEDICION, MESURE, CANAL ANIMAL, TISSU ADIPEUX, CLASIFICACION, REPUBLICA CHECA, SISTEMA DE CLASIFICACION, EVALUATION, SWINE, and WEIGHING

The study was focused on the selected parameters of carcass value used within the SEUROP grading system. There were 1591 pig carcasses put in the test. The lean meat content was determined using the new predicting formula Y(%)=70.28164 - 0.75376 S + 0.00270 M. The average lean meat content reached the value of 59.62 +/- 0.069% and the average carcass value was 91.67 +/- 0.259 kg. Comparing to the old regression formula there was an increasing tendency of the lean meat content of two percentage points. The results of the test according to the grading classes show a very similar share of the two best classes S and E. In the class S were 741 carcasses (46.57%) and in the class E were 739 carcasses (46.45%). Into these two classes were ranked more than 93% of all carcasses put in the test. In the class U were 107 carcasses, which made 6.73% of the sample. In the class R were only 4 carcasses (0.25%) and the classes O and P were not represented. For the use in practice is then necessary to put the subclasses in the range of 1% in the SEUROP grading system - every class is divided into 5 subclasses. In the Czech republic, the carcasses with the carcass weight between 80 and 100 kg are preferred. In this weight interval were 65% of the carcasses. The highest lean meat content (62.14%) was within the weight category 60-70 kg compared to the category of 110-120 kg where the lean meat content was only 56.11%.

Mathematical and statistical methods, Food processing and preservation, MATHEMATICAL MODELS, MATHEMATICS, COMPUTER APPLICATIONS, ONIONS, CUTTING, HOT AIR DRYING, CONVECTION, THERMAL PROPERTIES, SPECIFIC HEAT, MOISTURE CONTENT, TEMPERATURE, DURATION, MEASUREMENT, EXPERIMENTATION, MODELE MATHEMATIQUE, MATHEMATIQUE, APPLICATION DES ORDINATEURS, OIGNON, DECOUPAGE, SECHAGE PAR AIR CHAUD, PROPRIETE THERMIQUE, CHALEUR SPECIFIQUE, TENEUR EN EAU, DUREE, MESURE, MODELOS MATEMATICOS, MATEMATICAS, APLICACIONES DEL ORDENADOR, CEBOLLA, CORTE, SECADO POR AIRE CALIENTE, CONVECCION, PROPIEDADES TERMICAS, CALOR ESPECIFICO, CONTENIDO DE HUMEDAD, TEMPERATURA, DURACION, MEDICION, and EXPERIMENTACION

Summary (En)
2 fig., 1 table; 4 ref.
At convection drying of vegetables the temperature of dried material changes from wet thermometer value to the temperature of drying agent. Assuming that this period is dominated by internal mass exchange and considering temperature variations in dried object, enabled the elaboration of a new model of moisture content changes in dried material. The model relates moisture content to time, temperature and other parameters of the process. Logical and empirical verification, including measurements of drying kinetics of the onion slices, confirmed the correctness of model computations in studied phase of onion drying

Food processing and preservation, Mathematical and statistical methods, ALLIUM AMPELOPRASUM, LEEKS, CUTTING, HOT AIR DRYING, CONVECTION, TEMPERATURE, HEAT TRANSFER, LABORATORY EXPERIMENTATION, MEASUREMENT, MATHEMATICS, METHODS, POIREAU, DECOUPAGE, SECHAGE PAR AIR CHAUD, ECHANGE THERMIQUE, EXPERIMENTATION EN LABORATOIRE, MESURE, MATHEMATIQUE, METHODE, PUERRO, CORTE, SECADO POR AIRE CALIENTE, CONVECCION, TEMPERATURA, TRANSFERENCIA TERMICA, EXPERIMENTACION EN LABORATORIO, MEDICION, MATEMATICAS, and METODOS

Summaries (En, Pl)
1 fig.; 11 ref.
The coefficients of heat penetration into leek slices dried under natural convection were determined. The results of measuring kinetics of leek drying were a basis for computations. Two methods were used to calculate the heat penetration coefficient: the first based on application of a model of drying solid body at constant drying rate period, in the second one the coefficient of heat penetration was determined using a criterial equation. Computed values of heat penetration coefficient ranged within 5.2-8.5 square m/K. The relationship between studied coefficient and psychrometric difference was stated

Pollution, Mathematical and statistical methods, EPTC, VOLATILIZATION, TEMPERATURE, SOIL SOLUTION, MEASUREMENT, ANALYTICAL METHODS, MATHEMATICS, BATCH AIR STRIPPING TECHNIQUE, and EQUATIONS

references
Many pesticides are susceptible to volatilization, which may result in decreased pest control and off-site deposition that may cause adverse environmental impacts. Prediction of such losses requires knowledge of pesticide partition coefficients, including Henry's constant (H(c)); however accurate data are lacking. In this experiment, the batch air stripping technique was used to determine H(c) for EPTC (S-ethyl N,N-di-n-propylthiocarbamate). At 25 degrees C, measured H(c) in pure water was 0.0107, 11 times greater than indirectly estimated values reported in the literature. The measured heat of volatilization for EPTC, used to describe the temperature dependence of H(c), was 37.12 kJ mol-1. H(c) measured with soil extract was 7 times greater than that measured in pure water, presumably due to effects of dissolved salts and organic acids

Plant physiology and biochemistry, Mathematical and statistical methods, HELIANTHUS ANNUUS, GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM, NICOTIANA TABACUM, SORGHUM BICOLOR, AMARANTHUS CRUENTUS, LEAVES, OXIDOREDUCTIONS, MEASUREMENT, IONS, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, CYTOCHROME B, PROTEINS, LIGHT, CARBON DIOXIDE, DOSAGE EFFECTS, PHOTOINHIBITION, TEMPERATURE, MATHEMATICAL MODELS, FORECASTING, MATHEMATICS, FEUILLE, OXYDOREDUCTION, MESURE, ION, PHOTOSYNTHESE, PROTEINE, LUMIERE, DIOXYDE DE CARBONE, EFFET DOSE, MODELE MATHEMATIQUE, TECHNIQUE DE PREVISION, MATHEMATIQUE, HOJAS, OXIRREDUCION, MEDICION, IONES, FOTOSINTESIS, CITOCROMO B, PROTEINAS, LUZ, DIOXIDO DE CARBONO, EFECTOS DE DOSIFICACION, FOTOINHIBICION, TEMPERATURA, MODELOS MATEMATICOS, TECNICAS DE PREDICCION, MATEMATICAS, THERMOINHIBITION, ELECTRON TRANSFER, ION TRANSPORT, NET ASSIMILATION RATE, LIGHT HARVESTING COMPLEXES, LIGHT INTENSITY, THEORY, and EQUATIONS

references
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench.), amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.), and cytochrome b6f complex-deficient transgenic tobacco leaves were used to test the response of plants exposed to different light intensities and CO2 concentrations before and after photoinhibition at 4000 micromoles photons m-2 s-1 and to thermoinhibition up to 45 degrees C. Quantum yields of photochemical and nonphotochemical excitation quenching (Y(P) and Y(N)) and the corresponding relative rate constants for excitation capture from the antenna-primary radical pair equilibrium system (k'(P) and k'(N)) were calculated from measured fluorescence parameters. The above treatments resulted in decreases in Y(P) and k'(P) and in approximately complementary increases in Y(N) and k'(N) under normal and inhibitory conditions. The results were reproduced by a mathematical model of electron/proton transport and O2 evolution/CO2 assimilation in photosynthesis based on budget equations for the intermediates of photosynthesis. Quantitative differences between model predictions and experiments are explainable, assuming that electron transport is organized into domains that contain relatively complete electron and proton transport chains (e.g. thylakoids). With the complementation that occurs between the photochemical and nonphotochemical excitation quenching, the regulatory system can constantly maintain the shortest lifetime of excitation necessary to avoid the formation of chlorophyll triplet states and singlet oxygen

Plant physiology and biochemistry, Mathematical and statistical methods, KALANCHOE, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, CAM PATHWAY, BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS, TEMPERATURE, LIGHT, CHEMICAL REACTIONS, MEASUREMENT, PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE, ENZYMIC ACTIVITY, CULTURE MEDIA, MALIC ACID, LEAVES, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, MATHEMATICAL MODELS, MATHEMATICS, PHOTOSYNTHESE, VOIE DU METABOLISME CAM, RYTHME BIOLOGIQUE, LUMIERE, REACTION CHIMIQUE, MESURE, ACTIVITE ENZYMATIQUE, MILIEU DE CULTURE, ACIDE MALIQUE, FEUILLE, COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE, MODELE MATHEMATIQUE, MATHEMATIQUE, FOTOSINTESIS, CICLO CAM, RITMOS BIOLOGICOS, TEMPERATURA, LUZ, REACCIONES QUIMICAS, MEDICION, FOSFENOLPIRUVATO CARBOXILASA, ACTIVIDAD ENZIMATICA, MEDIO DE CULTIVO, ACIDO MALICO, HOJAS, COMPOSICION QUIMICA, MODELOS MATEMATICOS, MATEMATICAS, CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION, KALANCHOE DAIGREMONTIANA, NET ASSIMILATION RATE, REGULATION, CARBOXYLATION, SUBSTRATES, and EQUATIONS

references
Under continuous light the endogenous Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) rhythm of Kalanchoe daigremontiana Hamet et Perrier de la Bathie disappears at high (29.0 degrees C) or low (8.0 degrees C) temperatures. We investigated the reinitiation of rhythmicity when temperature was reduced from above the upper and increased from below the lower threshold level via measurements of (a) short-term changes in carbon-isotope discrimination to illustrate shifts between C3 and C4 carboxylation in vivo, and (b) the malate sensitivity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) in vitro. When the net CO2-exchange rhythm disappears at both temperatures, the instantaneous discrimination indicates low PEPC activity. Leaf malate concentration and osmolarity attain high and low values at low and high temperatures, respectively. After small temperature increases or reductions from the low and high temperatures, respectively, the rhythm is reinitiated, with phases shifted by 180 degrees relative to each other. This can be related to the contrasting low and high leaf malate concentrations due to direct inhibition of PEPC and possibly also of the phosphorylation of PEPC by malate. The experimental results were satisfactorily simulated by a mathematical CAM-cycle model, with temperature acting only on the passive efflux of malate from the vacuole. We stress the important role of the tonoplast in malate compartmentation and of malate itself for the reinitiation and generation of endogenous CAM rhythmicity

Plant physiology and biochemistry, Mathematical and statistical methods, RIO DE JANEIRO, CAM PATHWAY, CHEMICAL REACTIONS, LEAVES, OXIDATION, TRANSPIRATION, CARBON, ISOTOPES, CARBON DIOXIDE, PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE, ENZYMIC ACTIVITY, RUBISCO, CHEMICOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES, LIGHT, DARKNESS, PH, TEMPERATURE, BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS, GAS EXCHANGE, MEASUREMENT, FLUORESCENCE, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, MATHEMATICAL MODELS, MATHEMATICS, VOIE DU METABOLISME CAM, REACTION CHIMIQUE, FEUILLE, OXYDATION, CARBONE, ISOTOPE, DIOXYDE DE CARBONE, ACTIVITE ENZYMATIQUE, PROPRIETE PHYSICOCHIMIQUE, LUMIERE, OBSCURITE, RYTHME BIOLOGIQUE, ECHANGE GAZEUX, MESURE, PHOTOSYNTHESE, MODELE MATHEMATIQUE, MATHEMATIQUE, CICLO CAM, REACCIONES QUIMICAS, HOJAS, OXIDACION, TRANSPIRACION, CARBONO, ISOTOPOS, DIOXIDO DE CARBONO, FOSFENOLPIRUVATO CARBOXILASA, ACTIVIDAD ENZIMATICA, PROPIEDADES FISICOQUIMICAS, LUZ, OBSCURIDAD, TEMPERATURA, RITMOS BIOLOGICOS, INTERCAMBIO DE GASES, MEDICION, FLUORESCENCIA, FOTOSINTESIS, MODELOS MATEMATICOS, MATEMATICAS, CLUSIA FLUMINENSIS, CLUSIA MINOR, CLUSIA, VAPOR PHASE OXIDATION, LEAF CONDUCTANCE, UPTAKE, RIBULOSE-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE, LEAF DIFFUSION RESISTANCE, STRESS RESPONSE, and EQUATIONS

references
The magnitude and extent of Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) activity in two Clusia species was manipulated to investigate the regulation of the distinct CAM phases. First, in response to leaf-air vapor pressure deficit at night, changes in leaf conductance altered on-line carbon-isotope discrimination throughout the theoretical range for dark CO2 uptake during CAM. These ranged from the limit set by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPc) (-6 per thousand, delta13C equivalent of -2 per thousand) to that imposed by diffusion limitation (+4 per thousand, delta13C equivalent of -12 per thousand), but the lowest carbon-isotope discrimination occurred when pi/pa was only 0.7. Second, when the availability of external or internal sources of CO2 was reduced for both field- and greenhouse-grown plants, CO2 uptake by day via PEPc during phase II largely compensated. Third, by reducing the dark period, plants accumulated low levels of acidity, and CO2 uptake occurred throughout the subsequent light period. Discrimination switched from being dominated by PEPc (phase II) to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (phase III), with both enzymes active during phase IV. Under natural conditions, photochemical stability is maintained by extended PEPc activity in phase II, which enhances acid accumulation and delays decarboxylation until temperature and light stress are maximal at midday

Meteorology and climatology, Mathematical and statistical methods, WEATHER, VAPOUR PRESSURE, WINDS, VELOCITY, TEMPERATURE, MODELS, EVAPORATION, MEASUREMENT, MATHEMATICS, SWITZERLAND, TEMPS METEOROLOGIQUE, PRESSION DE VAPEUR, VENT, VITESSE, MODELE, MESURE, MATHEMATIQUE, SUISSE, TIEMPO METEOROLOGICO, TENSION DE VAPOR, VIENTO, VELOCIDAD, TEMPERATURA, MODELOS, EVAPORACION, MEDICION, MATEMATICAS, SUIZA, WEATHER DATA, DETERMINATION, and EQUATIONS

33 ref.

Processing of non-food or non-feed agricultural products, Mathematical and statistical methods, WOOL, TEMPERATURE, MOISTURE CONTENT, MELTING, MEASUREMENT, THERMAL ANALYSIS, CALORIMETRY, MATHEMATICS, LAINE, TENEUR EN EAU, FUSION, MESURE, ANALYSE THERMIQUE, CALORIMETRIE, MATHEMATIQUE, LANA, TEMPERATURA, CONTENIDO DE HUMEDAD, MEDICION, ANALISIS TERMICO, CALORIMETRIA, MATEMATICAS, glass transition temperature, differential scanning calorimetry, WOOLLEN FABRICS, WATER CONTENT, CRYSTALS, and EQUATIONS

references

Processing of forest products, Mathematical and statistical methods, WOOD, QUERCUS ROBUR, FAGUS SYLVATICA, PICEA ABIES, HYGROSCOPICITY, MEASUREMENT, WOOD ANATOMY, CHEMISTRY, CELLULOSES, MOISTURE CONTENT, STRENGTH, TEMPERATURE, DENSITY, MATHEMATICS, WOOD PROPERTIES, BOIS, HYGROSCOPICITE, MESURE, ANATOMIE DU BOIS, CHIMIE, CELLULOSE, TENEUR EN EAU, RESISTANCE MECANIQUE, DENSITE, MATHEMATIQUE, PROPRIETE DU BOIS, MADERA, HIGROSCOPICIDAD, MEDICION, ANATOMIA DE LA MADERA, QUIMICA, CELULOSA, CONTENIDO DE HUMEDAD, RESISTENCIA MECANICA, TEMPERATURA, DENSIDAD, MATEMATICAS, PROPIEDADES DE LA MADERA, FIBER SATURATION POINT, CELLULOSE CONTENT, DETERMINATION, COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, and CALCULATION

references

Food processing and preservation, Feed processing and preservation, Mathematical and statistical methods, MAIZE, RICE, DRYING, GRAIN, FLUIDIZED BED PROCESSING, MOISTURE CONTENT, SOIL MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES, MATHEMATICS, DATA PROCESSING, TEMPERATURE, MEASUREMENT, MATHEMATICAL MODELS, MAIS, RIZ, SECHAGE, TRAITEMENT EN LIT FLUIDISE, TENEUR EN EAU, TRAIT MORPHOLOGIQUE DU SOL, MATHEMATIQUE, TRAITEMENT DES DONNEES, MESURE, MODELE MATHEMATIQUE, MAIZ, ARROZ, SECADO, GRANOS, TRATAMIENTO EN LECHO FLUIDO, CONTENIDO DE HUMEDAD, CARACT MORFOLOGICAS DEL SUELO, MATEMATICAS, PROCESAMIENTO DE DATOS, TEMPERATURA, MEDICION, MODELOS MATEMATICOS, DRYING CURVES, FLUIDIZED BED DRYING, SURFACE LAYERS, and ESTIMATION

references