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Economic development, Technological innovations, Socialism -- China, Social development, and Marxist philosophy

The author reflects on socialism and economic development in China. Topics discussed include accomplishments of the 11th Five-Year Plan for Chinese economic and social development, the role of Marxism perspectives on the country's economy, and the role of independent innovation as foundation of the independent development of the country's economy and the society. It also discusses the goal of the Chinese people to establish a powerful socialist economy.

SOCIALISM, WORLD War II, MARXIST philosophy, COMMUNISM, POLITICAL doctrines, and CHINA

This is an address to the Second World Cultural Forum held in Beijing on October 16, 2017, in which the author explained various elements that make up the foundation of the cultural theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics. These include the basic tenets of Marxism in relation to culture, the rich components of traditional Chinese culture and the outstanding achievements of Western cultural development. The specific reasons why we should build upon these traditions in developing the cultural theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics are elaborated, and concrete methods to achieve this goal are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capital, Business ethics, Marxian economics, Production (Economic theory), Capitalism, Mixed economy, Surplus value, Overproduction, Decision making, Managerial economics, Socialism -- China, and Marxist philosophy

Making use of capital to develop China’s socialist market economy requires China not only to fully recognize the tendency of capital civilization but also to realize its intrinsic limitations and to seek conditions and a path for overcoming contradictions in the mode of capitalist production. Karl Marx’s theory of capital provides us with a key to understanding and dealing properly with problems of capital. At the same time we should also pay heed to Western research on, experience with, and lessons from capitalist economies developed over the past four centuries summarized in the field of “business ethics”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

POLITICAL economic analysis, MARXIST philosophy, SOCIALISM -- China, and SOCIAL development

The political economics of socialism with Chinese characteristics highlighted "Chinese wisdom" in the process of its theoretical innovation of contemporary political economics, which adhered to the principles and methods of combining Marxist political economics with Chinese reality, while getting a full, systematic and profound knowledge of political economics and firmly grasping the stage characteristics of China's economic and social development. Therefore, it firmly adhered to "dialectics and the doctrine that everything has two aspects" in the aspects of the basic economic system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the socialist market economy. Moreover, it persevered in maintaining stability in the general work guideline and put forth the major principles of the political economics of socialism with Chinese characteristics, which emphasized to grasp the "new normal" of economic development, while pushing forward the supply-side structural reform. And more than anything else, it made a full exploration of "systematized economic theory" that took "the new concepts of development" as a guide. In the course of gaining a qualitative leap from "the first draft of political economics" to "Marxist political economics in contemporary China," these theoretical innovations kept a good practice of summing up the laws of economy to improve and perfect the theoretical system of the socialist political economics with Chinese characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PREVENTION of political corruption, MARXIST philosophy, SOCIALISM -- China, CORRUPTION prevention, and CONFERENCES & conventions

The article discusses speech delivered by Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Central Committee general secretary and Central Military Commission chairman Xi Jingping at the Second Plenary Session of CCP's Eighteenth Central Commission for Discipline Inspection on the need for a comprehensive battle against corruption. Topics include call for perseverance and guidance with Deng Xiaoping's Theory on Marxist socialism, emphasis on "Three Represents" ideology and Scientific Outlook on Development.

HISTORY of economic development, CAPITALISM -- China, MODERNIZATION (Social science), SOCIALISM -- China -- History, MARXIST philosophy, ECONOMIC conditions in China, CHINA -- Politics & government, HISTORY, ECONOMICS, and HISTORY of capitalism

Due to its late start and the impact of outside influences, modernization in China has always been inseparably tied to capitalism. During the early stages of modernization, the primary issue was how feudal forces could identify with and accept capitalism; in later stages, the question has been how socialism can exploit capitalism. The manner in which the relationship with capitalism has been handled has had a great impact on the path that China's modernization has taken. It was correct to emulate the Western model as China first set out on the course of modernization; however, at that time, China was not equipped to accept capitalism. The failed application of the Western model does not demonstrate that learning from the West was incorrect; and China's shift from the Western model to the Soviet model does not signify that severing ties with capitalism was a necessary choice. The reason why the Soviet model led to setbacks was because the relationship with capitalism was not correctly handled. China's modernization is irrevocably linked to capitalism, but this does not signify that the capitalist path is the only option. It was historically inevitable that China would follow the socialist path in pursuing modernization, yet it is also necessary for China to learn how to exploit capitalism in the course of its socialist modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UNIVERSALISM (Political science), SOCIAL reality, COMMUNISTS -- China, IDEOLOGY, JUSTICE, EQUALITY, LIBERTY, MARXIST philosophy, and SOCIALISM -- China

The article provides information on the discourse of universalism that corresponds with cultural tradition and social reality in China. It mentions that the universalism of value for the traditional Communists is bourgeois ideology, if people provide prominence to the universal values of abstract justice, equality and freedom and give up socialism and Marxism. It states that universalism for the cultural traditionalists is the Western civilization's heritage which is irreconcilable with the culture of China. It says that China has its own conception of humanity and value, even socialism should not be Marxist socialism but Confucian socialism in China.

MARXIST philosophy, SOCIALISM -- China, HEGEMONY, and CIVILIZATION

Western scholars’ attitudes to the rise of China are divided. Some believe that the rise of China will be a great event with historical significance; the emergence of the ‘China model’ not only signifies the transfer of hegemony, but also marks a radical reversal in the history of human civilization. ‘History can henceforth simply be divided into BC and AC: Before China and After China’. Others think that the ‘China model’ is just a society of capitalism with Chinese characteristics or eastern authoritarian capitalism. Actually, the reality of contemporary China is ambiguous. The Chinese experiment can be understood neither as a typical socialist reform nor as an approach that has cast socialism to the wind. The mainstream discourses of the Communist Party of China contain some enlightened elements, but have not formed a rational value system. In this paper, I argue that the synthesis of Marx's theory of emancipation and Marshall's theory of citizenship will lead China out of its theoretical and practical dilemmas. Marshall's theory of citizenship was a systemic summary of the achievements of progressive politics for the last two centuries. The trilogy of civil right, political right and social right provides the normative basis of the basic modern institutions of the market economy, democratic politics and social welfare. However, in the end, Marshall was a bourgeois reformist; what he wanted to do was not to eliminate the inequality and class division in liberal–democratic–capitalist society, but rather to lessen its worst effects. Marxism is a radical vision of human emancipation; its basic content involves the full development of every individual and their free association. The future vision of society Marxism anticipates and the social model Marshall explicated are not opposites. Both of them insist that the freedom and equality bestowed on us by law rely on certain necessary social and material conditions. However, Marshall stopped half-way. Today, Marxism itself should be understood as an immanent critique and radicalizing of Marshall's conception of citizenship. The reform of China is at a crossroads: how to promote the social and political reforms in order to achieve the goal of socialism? China must find the missing link between Marxism and the theory of citizenship. In the historical context of contemporary China, the Marxism under Mao represented the revolution of the peasantry; the Marxism under the reforms of Deng Xiaoping was that of market socialism and the triumph over underdevelopment. Today, we are entering a new age of Marxism, the epoch of full socialist citizenship. This new revision must be grounded in the unification of Marx and Marshall. This does not mean we can throw out the Marxist ideal of radical emancipation, but means we have to admit that the full Marshallian citizenship is a realist bridge towards true socialism in China. 1This paper was funded by the program of Marxism and Liberalism in the Discourse of Modernity (NCET-08-0136). The article was originally read at the Left Forum Conference in March 2011. The author expresses sincere gratitude to Professor Norman Levine in Phoenix, who encouraged me to submit this article to Critique and assisted in preparing this English version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALISM -- China, SOCIAL development, and MARXIST philosophy

Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the product of the socialist development. The crisis of socialist system calls for the socialist theoretical innovations. The productivity enjoyed by the present world constitutes the material basis for the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics ; the shift in the themes of the times creates for the theory a favorable international environment; the good record the CPC has made in its development of Marxism, and its leader Deng Xiaoping's lofty ideals, noble character, strong will, rich experience, profound theoretical knowledge and innovative thinking power are the essential subjective conditions for its establishment; Marxism-Leninism and the Mao Zedong Thought are its theoretical bases as well as its main theoretical sources; the outstanding achievements in the development of civilization in the contemporary world are also its important theoretical sources; and Chinese excellent traditional culture is the fertile soil nurturing the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALISM -- China, MARXIST philosophy, COLLECTIVISM (Political science), SOCIALIST propaganda, and SOCIALIST ethics

The basic experience we gained in developing the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics is : only when Marxism is integrated with the conditions of a specific country, advances in step with the times and is tied to the destiny of the people can it keep its youth and vitality. This is also the basic experience we gained in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions. Only when Marxism is developed in such a way can we enable socialism with Chinese characteristics to demonstrate its strong vitality, creativity and appeal, and promote it from victories to greater victories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COMMUNISTS -- China, SOCIALISM -- China -- History, INTELLECTUALS -- China, DICTATORSHIP of the proletariat, COMMUNISM -- China -- History, MARXIST philosophy, HISTORY, TWENTIETH century, POLITICAL parties -- History, and BIOGRAPHY (Literary form)

This article examines Li Hanjun's views on socialism. Li Hanjun was one of the main founders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), and expressed his vision and ideas of socialism during the 1920s. Like many other Communists in the early CCP, he was convinced that China should take a socialist road. Yet, in respect to how to realise socialism and what kind of socialist society should be built, Li held a view different from most of them. In his opinion, the governing institutions in a socialist society should be democratic and autonomous rather than centralist and bureaucratic; production and distribution should be administered and managed by an association of free and equal producers in the form of cooperatives instead of by the state and its officials. These views were quite distinct from the Soviet centralised state socialism and the dictatorship by a ruling elite. However, his ideas and designs of the economic and political institutions in socialist society were consonant with Marx on many points. Besides examining Li Hanjun's socialist views, this research also attempts to explore his philosophical inclinations and political orientation, in order to explain why he could conceive such special ideas of a socialist fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]